;;The majority opinion cited, among others, Griswold v. Connecticut and Eisenstadt v. Baird as decisions establishing and strengthening the right to privacy. It also rejected an earlier court's reasoning that "proscriptions have ancient roots," while in his dissent, Antonin Scalia claimed that the court had taken sides in the "culture war." FTP, identify this recent Supreme Court decision which held that states could not criminalize the private conduct of homosexuals, thereby overturning Bowers v. Hardwick.;;Lawrence v(.) Texas
;;This man's tomb is a free-standing structure traditionally called the Tomb of the Mother of Solomon, located at Pasargadae. He succeeded to the throne of Anshan in 559 BCE. He left his general Harpagus to complete the conquest of Anatolia after capturing Sardis, and his general Ugbaru supposedly captured Babylon without a battle. FTP name this man who defeated the Medes to found the Achaemenid Persian empire.;;Cyrus (the) (Great)
;;This work discusses the paradigmatic actions of the author's grandson Ernst in his nursery, and compares human instinctual life with the sexual behavior of protozoa. The theory of repetition compulsion is connected with an instinct based on observations of hate and destructiveness. FTP name this work by Freud which introduces the concept of the death instinct, Thanatos, in opposition to the titular concept, called Eros.;;Beyond the Pleasure Principle|Jenseits des Lustprinzips
;;The title discipline comprises, among other things, the moral law, heaven, earth, and method. The author claims to forecast success or failure on the basis of seven criteria, claims that nine types of ground influence the outcome, and counsels that the good commander must know both himself and his enemy. The reader is further advised on being flexible, capturing territory, and strategic and tactical planning, by FTP, what ancient war manual in which every chapter begins, "Sun Tzu said?".;;Art of War
;;The Bell Harry tower was finished in 1498 and was the last element of the rebuilding started by William of Sens in 1175. That was the third cathedral on the site, since in 1067 the one that St. Augustine built burned down. Lambeth Palace in London is the full-time residence of Rowan Williams, the current archbishop in, for 10 points, what cathedral in Kent that houses a shrine where St. Thomas Becket was murdered?.;;Canterbury (Cathedral)
;;The aggressors in this war won an early victory at Bloody Brook. Despite the loss of Captain Turner's company at Deerfield, Major Talcot, aided by 200 Mohegans, won decisive victories at Hadley and Marlborough, after which the conflict's instigator was apprehended and shot. FTP, identify this 1675-1676 conflict between New England colonies and an alliance of Indian tribes, named for the chief of the Wampanoags.;;King Philip's War|Metacom War
;;Her last name is Cavatica, and one of her daughters takes the name Aranea from her middle initial. Templeton brings her a soap ad with the word "radiant," while a newspaper clipping yields "humble." Together with "terrific" and "some pig," her writing saves her friend, who wins a special prize at the fair. FTP name this friend of Wilbur the pig, the title spider in an E. B. White story.;;Charlotte (A(.)) (Cavatica)
;;The title character is eventually shot by the crippled Peter Doyle, the husband of Fay, with whom the title character becomes involved. Between his involvement with Fay, he makes advances toward Betty, to whom he had proposed months earlier, and the wife of his cruel boss at the New York Post, the editor Shrike. FTP, give the pen name of the title character, a love-starved advice columnist, that gives a  title to this Nathanael West novel.;;Miss Lonelyhearts
;;Australian forces landed at Balikpapan on its east coast in 1945 to seize the island's oil wells from the Japanese. Mount Kinabalu, in the northern state of Sabah, is the highest point. The southern region known as Kalimantan is separated from Celebes by the Strait of Macassar. FTP, most of the world's remaining orangutans are found on what island shared by Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia?.;;Borneo
;;By applying Bose-Einstein statistics to them, it is possible to derive an expression which approximates the Dulong-Petit law at high temperatures and the T cubed law at low temperatures. In the first Brillouin zone, their allowed frequencies have an optical and an acoustical branch. One method of obtaining their dispersion relation is to inelastically scatter neutrons with energy in the same range as the lattice vibrations of the material. FTP, identify these quasi-particles, the elementary carrier of vibration in solids.;;phonons
;;During his ten-year stint as foreign secretary, he managed to get all the Great Powers to guarantee Belgian independence in the 1831 Treaty of London. His fear of Russia led him to start the First Afghan War and prolong the Crimean War. He was prime minister when the Trent was captured, and he sent troops to Canada as a bluff to get the Confederate ministers released. For 10 points, name this prime minister from 1855 to 1865, beloved by the public for his "you-be-damnedness.".;;(Henry) (John) (Temple(,)) (3rd(.)) (Viscount) Palmerston
;;Kits for this character class include border runner and bounty hunter, and examples in the Forgotten Realms include Montolio DeBrouchee and Dove Falconhand. Under first edition AD&D rules, they can gain magic-user spells; in the second edition they can gain priest spells. They also gain some thieving abilities with a penalty for attempting them in an urban setting, as well as tracking skills. FTP name this outdoor warrior class which counts Aragorn among its numbers.;;ranger
;;Proverbs 30:27 claims that they "have no king, yet all of them march in rank." In the book of Revelation, they appear "like horses arrayed for battle; on their heads were what looked like crowns of gold; their faces were like human faces." Along with wild honey, they served as food for John the Baptist in the desert near the River Jordan. FTP, name these insect pests, brought as a crop-devouring plague onto Egypt.;;locusts
;;Barry's friend David wants to exterminate the title characters but Ezra Lieberman refuses to hand over the list of names. A clue to the ultimate plan is provided in the form of the nurse who handled the original adoptions through the title country, prompting Lieberman, played by Laurence Olivier, to travel to Pennsylvania and face down Josef Mengele, played by Gregory Peck. FTP, what is this 1978 film about a Nazi plot to clone Hitler and recreate the environment of his youth?.;;(The) Boys From Brazil
;;This dimensionless quantity is given by the ratio of the forward and backward rate constants, multiplied by an appropriate power of the reference concentration. The van't Hoff equation gives its temperature dependence, and the law of mass action expresses it in terms of the activities of products and reactants. The reaction quotient always approaches, FTP, what value which characterizes the final state of a reversible reaction?.;;equilibrium constant
;;At its center lies the plain of Idavoll. Its walls were built by Blast or Hrimthurs with the help of the magical stallion Svadilfari. The residents meet regularly in the halls Vingolf and Gladsheim, and at the well of Urd. Located on an upper level of the universe with Alfheim and Vanaheim, it is connected to the mortal realm by the rainbow bridge Bifrost. FTP name this Norse world, home to Valhalla and the Aesir.;;Asgard
;;Portions of it depict the creation of the world and the images of strawberries are ubiquitous inside. The central panel depicts such activities as horseriding and fornication, while the right panel depicts devastation, complete with a hollowed out body and a severed ear. In the left wing, animals lie down together in peace, but the painting is dominated by pleasure and torture. FTP, identify this most famous tryptich of Hieronymus Bosch, thought to depict the state of Man on the eve of the Flood.;;Garden of Earthly Delights|Garden of Delights
;;One character with this name is the common-law wife of Nicholas, the brother of Konstantin Levin in Anna Karenina, while another is the wife of Nicholas Kirsanov in Fathers and Sons. In Chekov plays, one character with this name has an affair with Vershinin and is married to the schoolteacher Kuligin, and another marries the schoolteacher Medvedenko but loves Treplyev. FTP, give the name of the sister of Olga and Irina in Chekov's play Three Sisters.;;Masha|Marya
;;One of its formulators introduced it in the course of trying to show that Hilbert's decision problem is unprovable for the predicate calculus if this statement is assumed to be true. An alternate version was formulated by another man using lambda-definability instead of computability, and his version states that a function of positive integers is effectively calculabe only if it is recursive. FTP, identify this statement which claims that "logical computing machines can do anything that could be described as purely mechanical.".;;Church(-)Turing (thesis)
;;It lasted from 1889 to 1914, and its 1900 congress featured a defense of Millerand's joining the French government, given by Jean Juares. August Bebel got the 1904 Amsterdam Congress to condemn Eduard Bernstein for advocating gradualism over revolution. It broke up over the issue of support for the war, as its predecessor had ended in the conflict between Marx and Bakunin. FTP, name this would-be governing body of world Socialism.;;(The) Second (Socialist) International
;;With "mare" it's the nickname given to Henry VIII's fourth wife, Anne of Cleves. It names a medieval county that was controlled by the Burgundians until about 1482, when the Habsburgs took over. The "fields" there are the resting place of Allied soldiers in a poem by John McCrae. FTP, give this historic region of the Low Countries, famous as the surname of the man who donated a princely sum to "Bibles for Belgians.".;;Flanders
;;His second play, The Indian Queen coauthored with Robert Howard, marked his attempt to found a new genre of "heroic tragedy." After this was viciously mocked by the satirist George Villiers, he turned to comedies such as Marriage a la Mode and histories such as his adaptation of Antony and Cleopatra, All for Love. FTP, name this author of "Absalom and Achitophel," poet laureate of England during the Stuart Restoration.;;(John) Dryden
;;The "two thousand words" manifesto was published on June 27th, one day after the end of press censorship. Its call for the revival of the Social Democratic Party was too radical for the government, which instead continued with the April "Action Program" for a "unique experiment in democratic communism."  An August invasion by Warsaw Pact troops restored a hardline government, ending Alexander Dubcek's attempt to create "socialism with a human face." FTP, name this failed 1968 movement for a more liberal Czechoslovakia.;;(the) Prague Spring
;;She seems reasonably affluent from the little we know about her, since she lives in a house with a pool and travels on business. She is also fairly uninhibited, at one point coming out "with just a towel on." This attire is heartily approved of by the narrator, who claims that this single mother of a school-age daughter "has got it going on." FTP name this fantasy object who is the subject of a song on the CD Welcome Interstate Managers, by the band Fountains of Wayne.;;Stacy's Mom
;;This poem tells of "an angel throng" that sits "in a theatre to see/A play of hopes and fearsAnd much of Madness, and more of Sin,/And Horror the soul of the plot." The actors are "Mimes, in the form of God on high." Then "A blood-red thing" intrudes, "and seraphs sob at vermin fangs/In human gore imbued." FTP name this Poe poem in which the angels "affirm/That the play is the tragedy, 'Man,'/And its hero, the" title creature.;;(The) Conqueror Worm
;;Born in Hilla, near Karballa, at various times he has served as his country's ambassador to Sweden, Burma, the United Nations, and Italy, before becoming Foreign Minister in 1992. In his more famous role, his pronouncements earned him the nicknames "Comical Ali" and "Baghdad Bob." The deliverer of such now-classic lines as, "The Americans are going to surrender or be burned in their tanks," and "There are no American infidels in Baghdad," FTP, who is this former Iraqi Information Minister?.;;(Mohammed) (Said) al(-)Sahaf
;;The losing commander blamed the whole thing on FitzJohn Porter. Half the Confederate army went with Stonewall Jackson to raid Union supply lines. This caused the Union army to turn and attack his position on Groveton Heights. Jackson held out until the rest of Lee's army arrived and together, on August 30-31 1862 they counter-attacked and forced John Pope to retreat back to Washington in, for 10 points, what battle fought on the same site as the first major battle of the Eastern theatre.;;Second Manassas|Second Bull Run
;;In the Iliad, Phoenix tries to persuade Achilles to fight by telling the story of the this King of the Aetolians, who had refused to participate in a fight with the Curetes because he was angry with his mother. In other versions, his mother Althea becomes mad at him for killing her brothers and kills him by throwing on the fire a log whose existence was fated to end with his life. For 10 points, name this man whose father pissed off Artemis so much that she sent down the Calydonian Boar, which this man hunted.;;Meleager
;;The title character is walking with her stepfather when they encounter her mother with another man, called the Captain, whom she has to talk to while the mother and stepfather argue. Neither Beale nor Ida Farange cares much for the title character, who finds her step-parents more congenial. The former Miss Overmore gets Claude and the title character stays with Miss Wix in, for 10 points, what novel by Henry James that deals with the epistemological status of the innocent title heroine?.;;What Masie Knew
;;This process is regulated by such factors as the caspases, Bax and Bcl-2.  Its stages include membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation.  The process is often stimulated by some sort of DNA damage, such as that from UV radiation, and can also be brought on by cytotoxic agents, chemotherapy, and heat shock.  FTP, name this cellular process, often known as programmed cell death.;;apoptosis
;;In 1917, St. John Philby, father of the spy Kim Philby, became the first Englishman to cross it. Wilfrid Thesiger, who died in 2003, was there in the 1940s and made an expedition north from the Hadramaut mountains that had to be secret because local rulers still banned Europeans from their territory. Exploration for oil in the region may eventually cause Oman, Yemen and Saudi Arabia to draw formal lines in the sand, but for the moment there are still no formal borders or indeed much of anything else in, for 10 points, what massive virtually uninhabited region of the Arabian Peninsula?.;;Rub al(-)Khali|(the) Empty Quarter
;;He appointed Fuficius Fango in 40 B.C. to get control of North Africa, which eventually happened, but he continued to be ignored until, in 37, he was called on to help suppress Sextus Pompey in Sicily and tried to take the island over, at which point Octavian talked his soldiers into defecting and left him to live under near house-arrest for 25 more years Thus Octavian and Antony could get down to killing each other after the removal of, for 10 points, what third member of Rome's Second Triumvirate?.;;(Marcus) (Aemilius) Lepidus
;;Soon after his mentor, George Wishart was burned at the stake, he was captured by the French and became a galley slave before being returned to England two years later.  He then fled England for continental Europe, where he met up with John Calvin.  Returning to his native land in 1559, he helped overthrow the Catholic ruler, Mary, Queen of Scots, and established his own reformed church as the state religion.  FTP, name this man, founder of Presbyterianism.;;(John) Knox
;;Jane Yolen and Vladimir Vagan turned this story into a children's book in 2002.  Ivan, a young prince, falls in love with Tsereyna, a beautiful princess held captive by the ogre Kastchei.  With the help of the title creature, Ivan enters Kastchei's castle, lulls the ogre's servants to sleep and smashes the giant egg that holds the ogre's soul.  Freed from Kastchei's magic, Tserenya marries Ivan.  FTP, name this Russian folktale turned ballet, composed by Igor Stravinsky.;;(The) Firebird
;;Late in life, this man accused Isaac Newton of stealing his ideas on planetary motion and sank into depression.  He was a skilled astronomer, and made detailed maps of the Moon's craters, but he is better known for using the compound microscope he invented, to make detailed drawings of sperm, plant cells, and microorganisms that were published in the book Micrographia in 1665.  FTP, name this English scientist, namesake of a law governing the motion of springs.;;(Robert) Hooke
;;They emerged from the San Francisco scene of the late 1960s, and the decline of the civil rights movement in the early 1970s influenced their second album, There's a Riot Going On, which included the single "Thank You For Talkin' to Me Africa".  The first famous fully integrated band in popular music was, FTP, what band whose singles include "Everybody Is A Star" and "Everyday People.".;;Sly and the Family Stone
;;Forced labor quotas were causing great hardship, and tensions mounted when the Franciscans preached against kiva ceremonies and attempted to destroy masks and kachina dolls.  Under the Tewa religious leader Pope, a surprise attack was launched on the Spanish colony, killed most of the clergy, destroyed the church at Pecos and drove the Spanish out of northern New Mexico and Arizona.  FTP, name this 1680 uprising that shares its name with the dwellings of the Native American tribes that rebelled.;;Pueblo (Revolt)
;;It is located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and was primarily a relay station managed by the Eastern Telegraph Company from 1922 until 1964.  In World War II, the US built "Wideawake" Air Field there, but the island remained a dependency of St. Helena.  Currently, it is the home of the European Space Agency's Ariane Earth Station.  FTP, name this island with capital at Georgetown that was discovered on and named for the day Christ rose into heaven.;;Ascension (Island)
;;Although it is found in atomic hydrogen, its main use is in molecular rotational spectroscopy.  An atom is polarized by an applied electronic field and then interacts with the electric dipole movement.  Degenerate orbitals and spin orbitals emit light at slightly different wavelengths than in the absence of the applied electric field.  In 1913, the namesake German physicist discovered, for 10 points, what effect, where spectral lines are split by an applied electric field.;;Stark (effect)
;;As an Atlanta Brave, he hit the first ever home run in Fulton County stadium. Nine times during his career, he was selected to represent the National league in the All-Star game and hit a career .297 with 252 home runs.  His first managerial job came with the Mets in 1977, before stints with St. Louis and Atlanta.  FTP, name this catcher and manager who has won 4 world championships with the New York Yankees.;;(Joe) Torre
;;She recently spent a day in prison for opposing nuclear testing her home country. Her recent The Cost of Living is an expose that claims that 50 million people have been displaced by dam construction there. The Malayalam-speaking Syrian Christian community in the state of Kerala, and specifically one family and its pickle factory, are the subject of the most famous novel by, for 10 points, what Indian writer of The God of Small Things?.;;(Arundhati) Roy
;;The director aimed to capture the gritty realism of the book by leasing a city block of San Francisco, filming Trina's murder at an actual murder site, and traveling to Death Valley to shoot the deaths of Marcus and McTeague.  After filming concluded, MGM demanded a commercial length film and transferred the project away from Erich Von Stroheim.  FTP, name this 1924 silent movie about a kind woman transformed into a miserly shrew after winning a lottery.;;Greed
;;After studying under Emil Fischer he began his own work as a professor at Kiels University in Germany in 1904.  He switched his focus to organic chemistry, using selenium to dehydrogenate various compounds.  A diene reacts with a carbonyl or carboxyl group to yield an unsaturated cyclic compound in the reaction that won a Nobel prize in 1950 for what man and his colleague Kurt Alder?.;;(Otto) Diels
;;It is divided by the Sliabh Luachra mountains into northern and southern regions, historically known as Desmond to the north and Thomond to the south. It contains Carrauntoohill and the mouth of the Shannon and is made up of counties Waterford, Limerick, Tipperary, Clare, Cork and Kerry and bordered by Connaught and Leinster. For 10 points, name this southwesternmost of Ireland's old provinces, which shares its name with a German city and a semi-soft cheese with an orange rind.;;Munster
;;In the foreground are a grotesque fat man with a gold pointed hat, a black figure in a yellow mask, a grinning skull and a bird-faced man.  A red, white and blue banner, a fainting woman with white hair, a band in blue and gold, and signs proclaiming Fanfare Doctrinaire and Vive la Sociale almost hide the title character, a haloed figure riding a donkey.  FTP, name this giant painting by the Belgian artist James Ensor that depicts the haloed figure's visit to the Belgian capital.;;Christ's Entry into Brussels in (1889)
;;The last ten chapters, set around the Uji river, take place after the title character's death.  The title character is the son of a low-ranking concubine, and so could never become emperor himself but lives to see three children on the throne.  As a teenager, he conducts a love affair with his father's wife Fujitsubo.  Haunted by Fujitsubo's beauty despite affairs with Utsusemi and Yugao, he eventually finds happiness with his adopted child and mistress.  FTP, name this first novel, a Heian period work of lady Shikibu Murasaki.;;The Tale of Genji ()|Genji Monogatari
;;His first conspicuous actions were his obstruction of a Prisons Bill by massive filibusters and his taking over from Mr. Butt as his party's leader. A land war took place in his country between 1879 and 1882. In the end, Gladstone compromised with this man in the Kilmainham Treaty. Joseph Chamberlain helped defeat both him and Gladstone by splitting the Liberal Party over Home Rule in 1886. Three years later Captain O'Shea filed his divorce suit and thus wrecked the career of, for 10 points, what greatest Irish politician of the late 19th century?.;;(Charles) (Stewart) Parnell
;;In his 1928 foreword to this work, Franz Boaz praised it for confirming that human nature is merely a reaction to each individual's civilization.  In chapters titled "Maturity and Old Age", "The Role of the Dance", "Formal Sex Relations" and "The Girl and Her Age Group", the author presented the lives of adolescent girls, eventually contrasting their customs with the mores of Western society.  FTP, name this anthropological standard written by Margaret Mead.;;Coming of Age in Samoa
;;He entered September 2003 with the most wins in the American League but began faltering.  After losing three crucial games against Minnesota and Kansas City, his team was effectively eliminated from the AL Central race.  This native of Tijuana never played college ball, but moved from team to team for eight years before signing a minor league contract with Chicago last winter.  FTP, name this spring training walk-on who stunned the White Sox with his 21 wins and 2.90 ERA in the 2003 season.;;(Esteban) Loaiza
;;He graduated from the University of Leipzig in 1856 and returned in 1858 as an assistant to Hermann van Helmholtz.  Passed over as Helmholtz's successor in 1871, he then wrote Principles of Physiological Psychology, and in 1879 established the first experimental psychology laboratory, using his method of introspection.  FTP, name this German, considered the father of experimental psychology.;;(Wilhelm) Wundt
;;In Egypt they were called "rope stretchers," but the ropes were replaced by Gunter's chains and then lasers.  Classics in their field include Heron's Dioptera and Von Piso's  Practica Geometria.  FTP, name this profession shared by Sir George Everest, James Cook, Daniel Boone, Benjamin Banneker, George Washington, Charles Mason, and Jerimiah Dixon.;;Surveyor
;;After the title character is reported dead, his beloved Alison Graeme marries his brother Henry.  Later, the title character returns but has a servant bury him alive to escape being murdered by his crazed brother, but in the end James and Henry Durrie are interred in the same grave.  FTP, name this novel set in the aftermath of the Jacobite rebellion of 1745, a work subtitled "A Winter's Tale" and written by Robert Louis Stevenson.;;(The) Master of Ballantrae
;;He was a professor at Basel until his death in 1961, where he wrote such books as Aion and The Undiscovered Self.  In his youthful Studies in Word Association he introduced the notion of a "complex," and by 1910 had become president of the International Psychoanalytical Association.  FTP, name this author of The Psychology of the Unconscious, who introduced the concepts of introvert and extrovert.;;(Carl) Jung
;;He had 10 illegitimate children with the Irish actress Dorothea Jordan, but his two legitimate children both died in infancy.  He officiated at the wedding of Horatio Nelson, whom he had met at sea after joining the navy at age 13 and thus angering the rest of the royal family.  His only noteworthy act as king was to grudgingly accept the Reform Act of 1832.  For 10 points--name this "sailor king" of England, the predecessor of Victoria.;;William IV
;;Book II considers the views of Phaleas of Chalcedon and Hippodamus, and offers a comparison of Crete, Carthage, and Sparta.  Book VIII, the last that survives, features a discussion of gymnastics and music, which concludes that the Dorian mode is the best for children, while earlier books survey the types of constitutions, concluding that tyranny, oligarchy, and democracy are all bad.  FTP, name this work of philosophy which describes the ideal state, written by Aristotle.;;(the) Politics
;;Its first president was Samuel Johnson, and his successors included Charles King and Seth Low.  Its graduates include J. E. Spingarn, Randolph Bourne, Gouverneur Morris and John Jay. Its current location in Morningside Heights dates from the long presidency of Nicholas Murray Butler. FTP, name this university that was founded as King's College in New York City, now a member of the Ivy League.;;Columbia (University)
;;Philippe Quinault was his librettist for a number of stately operas. One such work, which used professional female dancers for the first time, was Le Triomphe de l'Amour. He collaborated with Moliere on ballets, including Le bourgeois gentilhomme. It was during a performance of a Te Deum in 1687 that he made his fatal mistake. He died of gangrene after stabbing himself in the foot with his conductor's baton. FTP, who was this court composer for Louis XIV who settled in France but was born in Italy?.;;(Jean(-)Baptiste) Lully
;;He was the MVP of the 1980 Blue-Gray game.  Drafted by a team that had just won Super Bowl XV, he had a career high 13 sacks three years later, when he helped his team to another Super Bowl win, this time over the Redskins.  Forced to retire in 1988 due to injury, he was an 8-time Pro Bowler for the Raiders.  FTP, name this defensive end, who also starred in Firestorm and can be seen on Fox's NFL pregame show.;;(Howie) Long
;;Her husband is an architect named Javad Tavassolian, and her books include a 1994 legal treatise called The Rights of the Child.  After being named her country's first female judge, she was forced to resign in 1979, and has more recently represented the family of the murdered dissident Dariush Farouhar while helping pave the way for the election of moderate president Mohammed Khatami.  For 10 points, name this Nobel-winning Iranian activist.;;(Shirin) Ebadi
;;String theorists like Susskind have begun to wonder if the preponderance of these in the theory could make it necessary to invoke the anthropic principle. In QCD there is one for each value of the "theta" parameter, with instantons to tunnel between them. It can be thought of as a minimum of some potential. In older theories it is easier to understand; it is a state without particles. In classical electrodynamics its properties are characterized by the constants epsilon nought and mu nought. FTP, what is this entity most commonly thought of as an absence of matter?.;;vacua|vacuums
;;In the 1842 case of Prigg v. Pennsylvania, the Supreme Court upheld the 1793 version of this law while overturning a state kidnapping ban and declaring that states need not help enforce the Constitution's Article IV, section 2.  The result was nine new state "personal liberty"  laws and the inclusion of this provision in the Compromise of 1850.  For 10 points-name this law that allowed slave-owners to reclaim their stolen property.;;Fugitive Slave (law)
;;He became a professor at Harvard two years before Quine, and the two men played a weekly table tennis match for almost thirty years.  In his major book, he looked at the decade from 1919 to 1929 and described the "structure of the American economy" during the period.  FTP, name this developer of the input-output method of economic analysis, a Russian who won the Nobel Prize in 1973.;;(Wassily) Leontief
;;His first novels, In War Time and Roland Blake, were set during the Civil War, as was his last, Westways.  The French Revolution was the setting of The Adventures of Francois, while the Revolutionary War was the background for his Hugh Wynne, Free Quaker, but he is best known for a short story written by one of his patients.  FTP, name this author and doctor from Philadelphia, who prescribed "rest cures" for neurasthenic 19th-century women such as Charlotte Perkins Gilman.;;(Silas) (Weir) Mitchell
;;Events that influenced his art included happening upon Giotto's Arena Chapel. He was snubbed by Breton and the Surrealists after he began to work from models. He was noted for very small sculptures. "The Chariot" exemplifies his emaciated human figures, in this case perched two large wheels. In wartime Paris he met Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre, who wrote the catalogue preface for his 1948 exhibition in New York. FTP, who is this sculptor and painter most closely associated with existentialism in art?.;;(Alberto) Giacometti
;;The shepherd Agelaus abandoned him to die on a mountain, but eventually decided to raise him as his own child.  Often known by the name Alexander, he married the nymph Oenone [oy-NOH-nee], survived a fight with his long-lost brother Deiphobus and a duel with Menelaus, and fired the arrow that killed Achilles after sparking the Trojan War.  For 10 points, name this son of Priam who married Helen of Sparta.;;Paris
;;It ends with an invocation "To the Roaring Wind," and begins with a poem about bucks and a firecat, "Earthy Anecdote."  "Domination of Black," "The Snow Man," and "Le Monocle de Mon Oncle" all appear in it, as does the longest of its author's works, "The Comedian as the Letter C."  FTP, name this volume of poetry that includes "Sunday Morning" and "Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird," the first book by Wallace Stevens.;;Harmonium
;;Nicholas II renamed it the Panteleimon, after a Russian Orthodox saint, and the Provisional Government gave it a name meaning "fighter for freedom."  Among the men associated with it were Grigorii Vakulinchuk, whose body was left on the Richelieu Steps, and socialist agitators like Afansii Matushenko, who ordered the ship to Odessa after the crew refused to eat maggoty  meat.  For 10 points, name this Russian ship whose 1905 mutiny was the subject of an Eisenstein film.;;(the) (battleship) (Kniaz) Potemkin
;;The lead singer's side project with Jimmy Tamborello progressed by exchanging recordings through the mail, hence its name, The Postal Service. Their most recent album topped Onion A.V. Club reviewer Josh Modell's list of best albums of 2003. Track titles on that album include "Passenger Seat" and "Death of an Interior Decorator." Their earlier albums include Something About Airplanes and We Have the Facts and We're Voting Yes. FTP, what is this indie-pop band, led by Ben Gibbard, whose most recent album is Transatlanticism?.;;Death Cab for Cutie
;;It was first isolated in blood in 1948 by Page. It is a powerful vasoconstrictor. Much of it originates in the raphe nuclei, which project to all parts of the brain. Chemically it is 5-hydroxytryptamine, synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan. Decreases in it have been shown to correlate with delayed onset of sleep. MDMA can damage neurons that release it. FTP, what is this neurotransmitter, reuptake of which is inhibited by Prozac?.;;serotonin
;;Works attributed to him include the lost Precepts of Chiron and Melampodia. The now-fragmentary Catalogue of Women was thought to be a continuation of one of his two more famous works, while even in antiquity his authorship of the Shield of Heracles was disputed, while there was much debate as to whether he lived before Homer or vice versa. For 10 points, name this poet still credited with the Theogony and Works and Days.;;Hesiod
;;In 1967, he briefly became a room-mate of Trent Lott when he took his first Washington job as a staffer for Senate Majority Leader Howard Baker.  He served two terms as governor starting in 1979, naming Fred Thompson to investigate corruption under his predecessor, and then became president of the University of Tennessee and U.S. Secretary of Education. For 10 points, name this Tennessee senator who wore lots of ugly plaid shirts when he ran for president in 1996.;;(Lamar) Alexander
;;Its delta is covered by a swamp known as the Sunderbans, and its tributaries include the Ghaghara and the Yamuna.  Its five headstreams are the Pindar, the Mandakini, the Dhauliganga, the Aliknanda, and the Bhagirathi, which all rise in Uttar Pradesh, and it forms the Padma River after joining with the Brahmaputra   For 10 points, name this sacred river of the Hindus that passes through Benares.;;Ganges|Ganga
;;Koenig's infinity lemma notes that in an infinite one in which every vertex has finite degree, there there is an infinite path to the root. A "space partitioning" type is used in computer graphics to remove hidden surfaces. Ignoring the root, one definition is a connected graph in which removing any edge results in an unconnected graph. The binary type may be used for sorting, by simply inserting objects one at a time and then traversing the data structure. FTP, what is this data structure consisting of nodes with children which are themselves nodes?.;;tree
;;In 2002, Linda Lingle became this state's first ever Republican governor.  Its senior congressman is the liberal Democrat Neil Abercrombie, and its junior congressman is Ed Case, the cousin of AOL-Time Warner's Steve Case, who was elected to succeed the late Patsy Mink.  Its best-known politician is Senator Daniel Inouye.  For 10 points, name this island state.;;Hawaii
;;His magnum opus was co-written with Albert Keller, who didn't manage to publish it until 17 years after this man's death in 1910.  He wrote books on Alexander Hamilton and Andrew Jackson "as a public man," while his best known book is a study of the sociological importance of usages, manners, customs, mores, and morals.  FTP, name this long-time professor at Yale, the author of Folkways.;;(William) (Graham) Sumner
;;Legend has it that this book was written down at the behest of Yin Hsi, who met its author at the Han-ku pass.  A work in 81 chapters, it emphasizes the necessity of "tzu jan," or spontaneous feeling, in order to live by "wu wei," or non-action.  FTP, name this religious text of ancient China, whose name means "book of the way and virtue," supposedly written by Lao Tzu.;;(the) Tao Te Ching
;;Willy the Weasel Wilhelm in Rising Sun.  Danny McGrath in Billy Madison.  Carl Showalter in Fargo.  Romero in Spy Kids 2.  Mink in Miller's Crossing.  Buddy Holly in Pulp Fiction.  Mr. Pink in Reservoir Dogs.  FTP, what actor played all of these roles, as well as directing Trees Lounge?.;;(Steve) Buscemi
;;"Commercial Relations and a Navy."  "Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence."  "Militia."  "The Powers Necessary to the Common Defense" are among them. The first 51 discuss the insufficiency of the confederation, and all 85 were published in several New York newspapers between 1787 and 1788.  FTP, identify this group of essays published by "Publius" in support of New York's adopting the U.S. Constitution.;;(the) Federalist (Papers)
;;Konstantin Bakhurin supposedly wrote the scenario for this opera in 15 minutes while drunk, while Valerin Shirkov wrote the libretto after the death of original librettist.  It tells of rivals Farlaf, Ratmir, and Rogdai, and finally of rescuing the most beautiful woman in the world by cutting off the beard of the dwarf Chernomor.  Its rousing overture is perhaps the only reason it is now better known than the same composer's A Life for the Czar. For 10 points, name this opera based on a Pushkin poem and composed by Mikhail Glinka.;;Ruslan and Ludmila
;;The speech of Agathon in Plato's Symposium is a stylistic imitation of this man, who visited Athens as an ambassador in 427 and introduced numerous new rhetorical techniques. Examples of his rather sing-songy style include "On Not Being," a less than serious demonstration that nothing exists, and even if it does, you can't say anything about it. For 10 points, name this Sicilian sophist, who along with Polus and Callicles defends rhetoric in the Platonic dialogue named for him.;;Gorgias (of) (Leontini)
;;The story is slowly revealed to the horrified narrator at the Hotel Congress, Maple Court, and the Pink Palace.  In the end, the title character chooses to take cyanide capsules with her lover, a mentally unstable librarian at Pfizer, because she cannot cope with the horrors she faced at Auschwitz, particularly sending her daughter Eva to the crematorium while being unable to save Jan through the Lebensborn movement.  For ten points, identify this novel narrated by Stingo, written by William Styron.;;Sophie's Choice
;;Using forcing, Paul Cohen proved that this was not equivalent to the axiom of choice. Woodin formulated a consistent set theoretic axiom in 2000 which would imply that this hypothesis is false.  Originally stated by Cantor and claiming that there exists no cardinal number between aleph naught and c, this is, FTP, what hypothesis that claims that there is no set with cardinality between that of the natural numbers and that of the reals?.;;continuum (hypothesis)
;;On January 1 2004, this leader, who initially gained control of his nation in a bloodless coup in 1999, received over 60% of the votes of his nation's electoral college, more than the simple majority he needed to extend his rule until 2007.  Opposition parties such as the MMA, a hard-line Islamic coalition, and the Alliance for Restoration of Democracy, supporters of two former prime ministers, Benazir Bhutto and Narwaz Sharif, boycotted or abstained from voting.  For ten points, name this current president of Pakistan.;;(Gen(.)) (Pervez) Musharraf
;;The day before this battle, First Sergeant Bloss's company discovered Special Order 191 wrapped around some cigars, giving the Union Army foreknowledge of Lee's battle plan.  Beginning near Dunker Church, the battle featured a struggle for the Rohrbach bridge by Burnside's IX Corps. It ended in Lee's retreat and was thus a Union victory, although Lincoln was furious at McClelland for allowing Lee to get away. For 10 points, name this bloodbath of 1862 that ended Lee's advance into Maryland.;;Antietam|Sharpsburg
;;It was denied in the case of Keel v. North Carolina, and Joseph Keel was not granted a stay of execution.  This peitition is usually granted in about a hundred cases a year, and can be supported by amicus curiae briefs.  If it is granted, a lower court must transmit all documents pertaining to the case to the higher court; if denied, the lower court's ruling will stand.  FTP, identify this document, which can be filed with the Supreme Court, with a Latin name meaning "to be informed of.".;;(petition) (for) (a) (writ) (of) certiorari
;;One object with this name is a joint CNES and NASA satellite which has been mapping ocean surface topography for the past ten years.  A second is a ship that sank at midnight on New Year's Eve in a film starring Red Buttons, Roddy McDowell, Gene Hackman, and Ernest Borgnine, while a third is the Greek national weather service.  For ten points, give this shared name, whose first representative was the father of Antaios and Polyphemus.;;Poseidon
;;It opens with a poem calling for celebration because "it is fifty years tonight that God has saved the Queen." Many of its 63 short poems have no titles, but those that do include "The New Mistress," "When I Was One and Twenty" and "To an Athlete Dying Young." For 10 points, name this collections of poems about youth, death, war, love and loss, that was published in 1896 by the famous Latinist A. E. Housman, who hardly knew the title county at all.;;(A) Shropshire Lad
;;It was discovered by Sir William Ramsay in 1898 while studying the residue left after evaporating liquid air components. It is present in earth's atmosphere to the extent of about a part in twenty million. It is present in the Martian atmosphere to the extent of 0.08 parts per million. It has nine stable isotopes but was not known to exist in compounds until 1962.  Since then, compounds of this element have been made with sodium, deuterium, fluorine, and oxygen. FTP, identify this noble gas with atomic number 54.;;Xenon
;;His Wild Horses featured a young director making a movie about a scandal involving a British racehorse trainer.  The protagonist of his Decider was an architect with a young family who just happened to be redesigning a racetrack.  Longshot tells about the biographer of another trainer.  All of these novels were departures from form for this mystery writer whose novels usually star a British jockey who just happens to solve a mystery.  FTP, name this retired steeplechase jockey turned mystery writer, the creator of Sid Halley.;;(Dick) Francis
;;He never became his country's president and once opined that the job should go to the stupidest person available, a description that in his eyes neatly applied to Raymond Poincare [PWAHN-ca-ray] who was president during this man's term as Premier. He had early been mildly disgraced during the Panama Affair and more famously used his newspaper the Aurore to publish Emile Zola's "J'Accuse" articles on the Dreyfus Affair. For 10 points, name this French statesman who was one of the "Big Four" at the 1919-20 Paris Peace Conference.;;(Georges) Clemenceau
;;After graduating from the University of Chicago in 1936, she did anthropological fieldwork in the West Indies, which lent inspiration to her later work in dance. Her first dance company was the "Ballet Negre," and she is now famous for the Performing Arts Training Center she established in St. Louis in 1967. For 10 points, name this anthropologist, civil rights advocate and "matriarch of the black dance.".;;(Katherine) Dunham
;;A young married woman who is often a mother, she is a crucial figure in Laguna mythology.  Although the exact details of her story vary, generally she wanders away from the pueblo and has a sexual encounter with a stranger who ends up being a ka'tsina [kachina] spirit from the mountains.  FTP, name this mythological figure who features prominently in the writings of Leslie Marmon Silko and in fact is the title of one of her books.;;Yellow Woman
;;The name's the same.  Shielding exerted by a plasma due to a balance between electrostatics and thermal motion.  A temperature that determines how the heat capacity of a substance approaches the theoretical Dulong-Petit value.  Along with Huckel, an equation for electrolytic solutions that improved upon that of Arrhenius. The unit of measurement for a molecular dipole moment.  For ten points, these were all named for which Dutch scientist who won the 1936 chemistry Nobel prize for his work on X-ray and electron diffraction and dipole moments?.;;(Peter) Debye
;;This native of Manheim, Pa. set a freshman record at his university with 1,365 passing yards in nine games. His sophomore season earned him the third-best single season QB rating in Big Ten history. He was suspended for substance abuse after seven games of his junior year, but came back in 2003 to lead his team to eight wins and the Alamo Bowl. For 10 points, name this new holder of numerous school records at Michigan State.;;(Jeff) Smoker
;;Its author's other major work is a defense of himself on the charge of using witchcraft to kill a rich widow he had married. This work's protagonist has a major hair fetish, although by the end of the novel he is a bald priest of Isis. While he is kidnapped by bandits, he hears at great length the story of Cupid and Psyche, although in general he is more concerned with finding a rose to eat so that he can turn into a human being again instead of the title animal. Our only extant complete Latin novel is, for 10 points, what work of Apuleius?.;;(The) Golden Ass|Metamorphoses
;;A district near the West Bay of Grand Cayman Island was given this name for its distinctive, jagged ironshore formations.  A similarly named town in Michigan received its name either from popular reactions to its low, swampy, and mosquito-infested terrain, or from a German word for bright and sunny.  New York has both a Gate and a Kitchen named after, for ten points, what mythical region whose capital is at Pandemonium, according to John Milton in Paradise Lost?.;;Hell
;;(do not accept "Inferno" or "perdition" or "heck" or any other equivalents)     20. Along with several other sons of Tancred de Hautville, he went to fight in the wars then in progress in Southern Italy. In 1061 he captured Messina, starting a conquest of Muslim-ruled Sicily, which he ruled along with Calabria after the death of his brother Robert Guiscard in 1086. For 10 points, name this man who founded the Norman kingdom of Sicily and, after dying in 1101, passed it on to a son of the same name.;;Roger I
;;Joan Osborne asks, "What if God was one of us?" in the theme song for this CBS television program, but in this show, God is not one of us but visits the title character in multiple guises such as a cute boy, a cafeteria worker, and a garbage collector, to name a few.  FTP, name this fall 2003 family drama starring Amber Tamblyn whose title is reminiscent of a the patron saint of France.;;Joan of Arcadia
;;The heroine of this novel leaves town in a blue satin dress and returns at the age of 40 wearing overalls and much wiser.  The mayor of Maitland dies from kidney failure and Vergible Woods dies after being bitten by a rabid dog and getting shot by his wife.  It is with the latter man, better known as Tea Cake, that the heroine finally finds the true love that she first imagined while gazing at a blooming pear tree.  For ten points, identify this novel that tells the story of Janie Crawford and was written by Zora Neale Hurston.;;Their Eyes Were Watching God
;;His real name is Daniel Handler, but he attempts to maintain the pretense that Handler is merely his literary agent.  All of his books are dedicated to a mysterious Beatrice, who apparently met an untimely, tragic demise.  Horrible happenings prevail in books by this gloomy children's author who, although nowhere near as popular as J. K. Rowling, has developed a following of fans who can't wait to see what terrible things will happen to the Baudelaire orphans in each of the ten books in the series.  FTP, name the author of The Series of Unfortunate Events.;;(Lemony) Snicket
;;It currently contains religious inscriptions written on several hanging green wooden medallions that are too large to be removed even though this building is no longer a house of worship. It is also supposedly home to some priests who were interrupted celebrating Mass when their city was conquered and who will return to finish, if it is ever reconquered from Islam. Anthemius and Isidorus were the architects appointed by Justinian to build, for 10 points, what domed former church and mosque of Istanbul?.;;Hagia Sophia|San Sofia|St(.) Sophia|Santa Sofia|Ayasofya
;;She was converted by her first husband Robert, a Pentecostal minister, and began to hold her own revivals in Rhode Island in 1910.  She later moved to Los Angeles, where she founded a Bible college, evangelistic association, and radio station featuring popular broadcasts of her sermons from the Angelus Temple, a 5300-seat auditorium which she opened in 1923.  For ten points, name this founder of the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel who may have staged her own kidnapping in 1926.;;(Aimee) (Semple) McPherson
;;After failing the scholar examination five times, this Hakka rebel sought the spiritual tutelage of Issachar Roberts, a Christian missionary.  After studying Christianity, he became convinced that a dream had told him he was the younger brother of Jesus Christ, and so, along with Feng Yunshan, he founded a new religious sect, the God Worshippers, which ultimately developed into a revolutionary movement against the Qing dynasty.  For ten points, name this leader of the Taiping Rebellion.;;Hong (Xiuquan)
;;Though the charges filed against this West Point graduate were fairly mild, including adultery and possession of pornography on a government computer, he was detained for 76 days in solitary confinement with leg irons and manacles.  He was originally suspected of being part of an espionage ring due to his association with Airman Ahmad al-Halabi and other detainees at Guantanamo Bay.  FTP, identify former Muslim chaplain.;;(Captain) (James) (Joseph) (Yousef) Yee
;;This linguistic theory is at odds with the general American practice of not teaching foreign languages until children are in their teens. Its proponents include Noam Chomsky and Ray Jackendoff.  Genie, a "wild child" who no one spoke to on a regular basis until she reached age 13, is used as an example to prove their point.  FTP, name this theory, which posits that children can acquire languages much more easily when they are younger.;;Critical Period (Hypothesis)
;;John Sulston completed the cell lineage for this organism in 1983, a task simplified by this organism's invariant size of 959 cells.  The first multicellular organism to have its genome fully sequenced, it is sexually dimorphic, with self-fertilizing hermaphrodites as the heterogametic sex.  FTP, name this model organism, a 1mm-long nematode.;;Caenorhabditus elegans
;;A conversion to Pietism in 1846 left him confident and a subsequent critic remarked that he believed in a God who agreed with him on all issues.  His early political activism included contributing to the Kreuzzeitung with Ernst von Gerlach and his reactionary politics made him a favorite of Frederick William IV.  He opposed an alliance with Austria and in 1862 he moved to Paris as an ambassador.  For 10 points, name this editor of the "Ems Telegram" that helped bring about the Franco-Prussian War and who was the first Chancellor of Germany.;;(Otto) (von) Bismarck
;;His operas include Aleko based on Pushkin's poem Tsygany, Esmeralda based on Hugo's Notre Dame de Paris, and the early one-act work Monna Vanna.  His choral works include Deus Meus a motet for six-part mixed chorus; Three Russian Songs consisting of "Over the river", "Oh Vanka", and "Powder and paint"; and The Bells based on a translation of Poe.  For 10 points, name this composer of Isle of the Dead and Rhapsody on a theme by Paganini.;;(Sergei) Rachmaninoff
;;The manuscript that comprises this short story is prefaced by the note that it explains the delay of an Allied offensive during WWI. When the main character realizes he has been discovered, he flees to Ashgrove, where he discovers that the title entity is actually the novel of Ts'ui Pen. While discussing the nature of time with Dr. Stephen Albert, the protagonist realizes that Captain Madden is about to arrest him. The spy Yu Tsun then murders Albert and is arrested for spying. FTP, identify this short story about a kind of mental labyrinth, written by Jorge Luis Borges.;;The Garden of Forking Paths
;;George Plimpton once described the granitic main islands of this republic as "a section of Maine [that] had been dropped into the tropical Indian Ocean."  Composed of two groups of islands, the central 40 islands are rocky with a narrow coastal strip and central hills while the 70 outer islands are flat and coralline.  The largest island, Mahe, holds the capital city of Victoria.  FTP, name this nation, whose president, France Albert Rene, has served since 1977.;;(Republic) (of) Seychelles
;;Palindromes and balanced parentheses are canonical examples of these. The languages accepted by all Finite Automata and Pushdown Automata are in this class.  Most notably the syntax of almost all programming languages is in this class of languages. However, the languages accepted by Turing Machines are not.  FTP, what is this class of languages invented by Noam Chomsky in a failed attempt to represent the syntax of natural languages?.;;Context(-)Free (Languages)
;;Among his lesser known accomplishments is as the lead singer of the band Ugly Rumours.  He only became interested in politics after his father suffered a stroke while campaigning for a Conservative seat in Parliament. First winning a seat in Sedgefield in 1983, he later gained fame for his stance on crime as Shadow Home Secretary. After the man that appointed him, John Smith, died, he became the leader of the Labor party. FTP, identify this man, the current prime minister of Great Britain.;;(Tony) Blair
;;Oliver Cowdery transcribed his work, but Egbet Grandin and Thurlow Weed refused to publish it.  Grandin eventually did the printing with funds from Martin Harris' farm.  Using two stones, Urim and Thummim, wrapped in silver bows and attached to a breastplate to translate, he was able to read the story of the Lamanites who became heathens and killed the Nephites.  For 10 points, identify this man from Palmyra, NY who was visited by the angel Moroni and translated the Book of Mormon, and founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints.;;(Joseph) Smith
;;This play features a parabasis on the theme of public interest, as well as a debate between Right Argument and Wrong Argument. The action is caused by one of the main characters' excessive interest in horse racing, which initially prevents him from an interest in education. The horses also lead to excessive debt, which convince the protagonist to send his son to learn sophistry, an idea which backfires once his son returns from the Thinkery. FTP, identify this satirical play concerning Strepsiades and his son Pheidippedes, written by Aristophanes in mockery of Socrates.;;The Clouds|Nephelai|Nugae
;;It was once applied to understand a phenomenon that is better explained by the Coanda effect. It can be seen through a Venturi tube where the middle is narrower than the sides. Though it does not explain how an airfoil develops lift, it does explains why a shower curtain is sucked in when the water is switched on and how a perfume bottle sprays when the bulb is squeezed.  FTP what is the name of the relation, stating that the kinetic energy over the volume, when added to the total pressure of a system remains a constant.;;Bernoulli's Principle
;;A pair of figures rest on the banks of a small stream while the village of Winchelsea is visible behind them.  The title character is oblivious to the storm and double rainbow rising in the sky behind the village, and is separated from town by a field with grazing farm animals and birds. The title figure's poverty is show by her ragged clothing and concertina for begging.  For 10 points, name this painting of a visually impaired female by Sir John Millais.;;The Blind Girl
;;His first works were anonymous political tracts in defense of revolution, like 1793's Reclamation of the Freedom of Thought from the Princes of Europe.  His most popular lecture at Jena was on "Morality for Scholars" while other popular explications of his philosophy were collected in his Guide to the Blessed Life and The Vocation of Man. The latter work was a response to Jacobi's objection to his primary work, which attempted to ground Kantian philosophy with the concept of ego. FTP, identify this German philosopher, best known for his Foundation for a Complete Theory of Knowledge.;;(Johann) (Gottlieb) Fichte
;;In this work, a milkmaid sings Marlowe's "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love" while her mother sings Raleigh's reply, which is emblematic of the author's devotion to the "via media", or middle way.  Another episode demonstrating this moderation concerns a group of beggars arguing about how to divide a sum of money. It takes place on May 1st, and concerns the hunter Venator and his friend Piscator, and its themes were later extended into a sequel by Charles Cotton. FTP, identify this literary work ostensibly about fishing, written by Izaak Walton.;;(The) Compleat Angler
;;It was originally thought to be the mythical city in the land of Ophir that supplied King Solomon with gold and it is also said to be the Queen of Sheba's capital. It was built by the Shona tribe around 1200 A.D. and derives its name from a Shona word for house of stone.  It is located east of the Kalahari Desert and in between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. FTP, what set of ruins in southern Africa supplied the new name for Rhodesia?.;;Great Zimbabwe
;;He was assistant football coach at Northwestern and Purdue, and is a significant donor to Ohio State where he recently paid for a new band center.  While working for the American Shipbuilding Company he put together a national championship team in the National Industrial League.  Entering baseball management in 1973, he missed his first game because he had been indicted for illegal campaign contributions. Known for being controlling and difficult, as well as for stocking his team with super stars, he once called Hideki Irabu a "fat pussy toad".  For 10 points, name this principal owner of the New York Yankees.;;(George) Steinbrenner
;;Symptoms of it include hemihypertrophy and plantar hyperplasia.  Also, people with this disease may develop subcutaneous tumors, lymphangiomas, and lipomas.  It does not seem to be genetic, and there are only about 50 reported cases of it in the world. FTP, what is this disease often confused with neurofibromatosis that may have afflicted Joseph Merrick, also known as the Elephant Man.;;Proteus (Syndrome)
;;The Panjang and Mandai Hills border its highest point, Timah Hille, in the center of the island, but lower scarps like Mount Faber exist in the southwest.  New towns like Woodlands, Tampines, and Yishun are pushing out traditional Malay kampong settlements which are now found only in remote areas.  Bordered by the Johor Strait on the north which separates it from the Malay peninsula, it dominates the Strait of Malacca. Changi Airport serves, for 10 points, what heavily Chinese but largely English-speaking city state?.;;Singapore
;;Three researchers concluded in July 2003 that inspiration for it was received on July 13, 1889, at 9:08 p.m.  It is a companion to The Olive Trees, and theories have been offered about the religious significance of the eleven objects which give the work its name as well as the ying-yang pattern at the center of the canvas.  Painted at the mental asylum of Saint-Remy, this is, for 10 points, what famous Van Gogh painting showing the moon rising over a bluff and illuminating stacks of harvested golden wheat?.;;Starry Night
;;Founded in 1759, the company remains at its original location to this day and has a lease that ends in the year 10,759.  It was credited with medicinal properties at the battle of Waterloo.  The product is made from water from a spring fed by St. James Well in Kildare and barley roasted in the same method as coffee beans; the result of this is its dark color and distinctive flavor.  For 10 points name this Irish beer and brewer that lends its name to a series of books that will have to beat out the Bible to feature as their own entry for the world's most read book.;;(Answer) Guinness
;;Like her mother, Erika has little luck in marriage; her husband Weinschenk is sent to prison for his business practices. Erika's mother, Tony initially loved the young doctor Morten, but she is forced to enter into disastrous unions with Grunlich and Permaneder. Tony's brother Christian ends up in an asylum, while her other brother Tom dies after a fall in the snow. After Tom's son Hanno dies of typhoid, the lineage of the title family ends. FTP, identify this novel concerning the declining fortunes of the descendants of Johann, written by Thomas Mann.;;Buddenbrooks
;;These objects were first used in their plug form by the French army in the Netherlands in 1647 and the first British unit to use them was Prince Rupert's Dragoons.  Vauban introduced the more famous socket form that has been standard issue in most armies since the 18th century.  Ones with triangular blades were outlawed by the Geneva Convention and now only the "sword" variety is used.  For ten points give the name of this stabbing weapon that attaches to the muzzle of a gun.;;Bayonet
;;It was designed by Thomas Slade, and John Lock and Edward Allen oversaw construction.  Commanded early in her career by Augustus Keppel, John Kemperfelt, "Black Dick" Howe and Sir John Jervis, her current commander is James Burnell-Nugent.  She received Battle Honors at Ushant in 1781 and St. Vincent in 1797, and was withdrawn from active service in 1812, but remains commissioned, making her the oldest commissioned warship in the world and a principal attraction of Portsmouth. For 10 points, name this flagship, most famously commanded by Nelson at Trafalgar.;;(HMS) Victory
;;Originally classified as Pithecanthropus and Sinanthropus, they disappeared in 1941 during shipment to the United States for safekeeping during World War II.  Discussed in a famous book by Harry Shapiro, they were discovered in 1927 by Davidson Black who determined them to be human.  Dated to the Middle Pleistocene, these Chou-k'ou-tien hominid fossils were given the scientific name of Homo erectus pekinensis, but, for 10 points are more commonly known as what extinct hominid species?.;;Peking Man
;;Eighteen of the stores in this chain closed in early 2002, and two more closed in late 2002 and early 2003 as the company which owns Zany Brainy declared bankruptcy. Though stores in Las Vegas and New York stayed open, the fates of the remaining stores were less certain. In 2001 Right Start purchased, for 10 points, what chain of toy stores that began in 1862 and whose flagship store is at 59th Street and Fifth Avenue in Manhattan?.;;FAO Schwarz
;;In 2006, a mission titled New Horizons will venture to this object if funding is secured, hoping to reach it in 2015. Its plane of its equator is nearly perpendicular to the plane of its orbit, and it is perceived by some to be the largest object in the Kuiper Belt. FTP, what is this object revolving around our sun that was discovered in 1930, is smaller than 7 of the moons in the solar system, and is named after the Roman god of the underworld?.;;Pluto
;;He refused to believe that World War II existed, insisting that it was a conspiracy to keep young men from eclipsing the older authorities. Brinker Hadley laments that after this boy broke his leg, and after Leper Lepellier went crazy in the military, Devon School had lost two of its potential soldiers. FTP, name the inventor of Blitzball, smooth-talker and athlete supreme, and best friend to protagonist Gene Forrester in John Knowles' A Separate Peace.;;Finny|Phineas
;;This man, born on Halloween, 1961, directed mostly low-budget films throughout the 1980s and early 1990s.  Many scenes from his movie The Frighteners with Michael J. Fox resemble scenes in his more famous movies that were made more recently.  However, he was relatively unknown outside his native New Zealand until three recent films have been nominated for numerous Academy Awards and have grossed billions of dollars worldwide.  FTP, name this director of the Lord of the Rings trilogy.;;(Peter) Jackson
;;One scene takes place on a road in the countryside and contains a forceful argument about celestial bodies. There the arguing pair meet Vincentio, on his way to their town to meet his son, Lucentio. Of course, when they all arrive in Padua, Vincentio throws a wrench into Lucentio's plans, panics the pedant, and almost causes his son to lose Bianca. FTP, name this play, whose protagonists, Petruchio and Katharina, are the pair on the outing.;;Taming of the Shrew
;;Those with this disease sometimes suffer deossification due to marrow hyperplasia. Currently, the only drug treatment is hydroxyurea, but it is not a cure. It is caused by a substitution of valine for glutamine due to a point mutation on chromosome 11. FTP, identify this disease in which misshapen beta chains in hemoglobin molecules can cause blood clotting, bone changes, and enhanced resistance to malaria.;;Sickle Cell Anemia
;;Gail is an emotional train wreck after her divorce and Henry is an astrophysicist who is "less than a professor." Beth is the camp director, who, upon forgetting her campers' names, improvises: "Saul Zimmer...stein. David Ben-Gurion..." A talking can of vegetables and a rogue chunk of Skylab also appear. FTP, name this film by Michael Showalter and David Wain, which details the last day of Camp Firewood in 1981.;;Wet Hot American Summer
;;The face in the top of the tree is really an owl, and the thing lashed to the tree below the pennant flag is a roast fowl. Around the base of the tree are five drunkards, a jester, a monk, and two nuns, plus two nude figures swimming alongside the small boat which the tree serves as a mast.  The boat's oar is a giant spoon, and the anchor is a flask of wine.  FTP, identify the vessel depicted in this circa-1490 oil painting by Hieronymous Bosch.;;(The) Ship of Fools
;;He was born in Kentucky, but his family moved to Louisiana, where he and his brothers tried to grab vast amounts of land using fraudulent documents. He killed two men in a fight in Natchez and moved on to Texas, where he married into the Mexican upper classes around San Antonio. For 10 points, name this man who died at the Alamo and whose brother actually invented the big-ass knife that bears their name.;;(Jim) Bowie
;;This city boasts the oldest Jewish cemetery in Europe, along with central Europe's first university, Charles University. It is thought of as a baroque city, but modern architectural monuments include Lennon Wall, medieval ones include the St. Vitus' Cathedral and the Hradcany Castle. The Vltava river flows by the home of the Good Soldier Schweik and Good King Wenceslas in, for 10 points, what ancient capital of Bohemia and current capital of the Czech Republic?.;;Prague|Praha
;;He is one of the few ancient dramatists whose complete mature works have survived, six plays in total. Suetonius claims he was a Carthaginian slave, although this may be a deduction from his surname of Afer. His only popular failure was the Hecyra, but his comedies all still have prologues in which he argues on stage with his critics. For 10 points, name this Roman author of Andria and The Self-Tormentor whose comedies are a lot less funny than Plautus'.;;(Publius) Terentius (Afer)|Terence
;;This city's noted churches include San Michele in Borgo and San Francesco, the latter of which has frescoes by Taddeo Gaddi. Its cathedral and many other monuments are located around the Square of Miracles, including an old cemetery, the Camposanto, whose buildings house frescoes by Gozzoli. Silt from the Arno cut the town off from the sea at around the time Galileo was born in, for 10 points, what Tuscan city whose cathedral tower is less than perfectly perpendicular?.;;Pisa
;;He is the author of the book "Hanging Peace" and contributed to the secret peace talks in Norway that led to the 1993 Oslo Agreement.  He received the Seeds of Peace Foundation Award in 1996, around the same time he was elected Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council.  He was recently hand-picked by Palestinian President Yasser Arafat to succeed Mahmoud Abbas despite the fact that he is considered a moderate.  FTP, name this man, the current Palestinian Prime Minister.;;(Ahmed) Qurie
;;He was born in Yogaville, Connecticut in 1970. At 26, he enrolled as an undergraduate at Harvard, having undergone agonizing leg surgery and an outpatient procedure that involved incrementally lengthening a metal cage around his leg by to fix a congenital deformity. During this he wrote the emotionally intense but critically derided album Pinkerton. FTP, name this author of "Say It Ain't So" and "Hash Pipe," the front man of Weezer.;;(Rivers) Cuomo
;;He's Einstein, James Bond, and Batman all rolled into one.  He speaks Spanish to God, French to women, English to men, and Japanese to his horse.  Rawhide, Reno, Perfect Tommy, Pecos, and New Jersey make up his band of hard-rocking scientists, the Hong Kong Cavaliers.  His Blue Blaze Irregulars help him out of jams, such as his battle against the World Crime League and his adventures across the Eighth Dimension.  FTP, name this hero of a 1984 cult sci-fi flick, played by Peter Weller and created by Earl Mac Rauch.;;Buckaroo Banzai
;;It was seen in the United States in the 1930s and currently in Japan .  Keynes cited it as a situation where changes in the money supply do not affect aggregate demand. It is a situation in which everyone prefers cash to bonds because the interest rate is at near zero and its namesake preference is absolute. Demand, production and employment all get stuck at low levels in, for 10 points, what condition that produces an economy with negligible investment?.;;liquidity trap
;;The solar variety of these is a small jet-like eruption that can be seen as a dark streak in hydrogen-alpha light and lasts only a few minutes.  The more common type is a small body, often containing calcium or silicon, which serves as a skeletal element in various invertebrates.  FTP, give the shared term, perhaps most often used to describe crystalline and pointed components of the skeletons of sponges.;;spicule
;;This ally of Jean Juares drafted the law of 1905 separating the state from the Catholic Church in France and between 1906 and 1932 served eleven times as Prime Minister. His more notable achievements came during his seven year stretch as foreign minister in the late 1920s, including settling Franco-German border disputes with the Locarno treaties. For 10 points name this man who, in 1928, got together with Kellogg to write a treaty to outlaw war.;;(Aristide) Briand
;;This company was founded in 1919 and got to its current annual revenue of $12.5 billion first by growing along with the auto industry and military construction during World War II and later by acquisitions, including Dresser Industries in 1998 and Brown and Root in 1962. CEO David Lesar now runs, for 10 points, what engineering and petroleum company whose current success has absolutely positively nothing at all to do with Dick Cheney?.;;Halliburton
;;For elements in the middle of the periodic table, isotopes lighter than the most stable isotope tend to decay by this method, as opposed to negative beta decay. An electron from an atom's innermost shell combines with a proton in the nucleus to form a neutron and a neutrino in, FTP, what process that results in the neutrino being ejected from the nucleus.;;K capture|Electron Capture|Electron K Capture
;;The idea was to catch the enemy divided while Count Pappenheim was off with a large portion of the cavalry. Unfortunately, the remaining infantry was still more than a match for the attackers, which caused their king to personally lead a counterattack and get himself get killed. In fact, this inspired the Swedes to turn the tide and win, but Wallenstein did get clean away from, for 10 points, what 1632 battle in which Gustavus Adolphus bought it?.;;Lutzen
;;The earliest of these was made for the court of Louis XV, but the word used to refer to them today was coined in 1909. The B. Jahn company in 1905 manufactured a rear-end loading one that was the most popular of its day, but that required you to hit it with a mallet. It wouldn't be until the 1930s that Swingline would offer a top-loading model. FTP, name this device, coveted by Milton in Office Space.  Answer: Stapler    19. His famous report on his victory was actually the last words of his friend James Lawrence. He himself won that victory over R.H. Barclay's smaller flotilla by retreating from a ship called the Lawrence to the less damaged Niagara. For 10 points, name this commodore who met the enemy and made them his at the Battle of Lake Erie.;;(Oliver) (Hazard) Perry
;;His grandfather considers him selfish and throws him out without a penny. He meets up with Mark Tapley, and the two sail to America where he tries with no success to become an interior architect.  His return to England, however, is happier, as his grandfather has ousted the villainous Pecksniff during his absence and he is reinstated as the heir to his grandfather's estate and weds Mary.  FTP, name this Dickens title character.;;Martin Chuzzlewit
;;The members at the core of this movement had only one show together, in 1908, but the characteristic style of such paintings as Sunday, Women Drying Their Hair by John Sloan or Hammerstein's Roof Garden by William Glackens led to their alternate name of the New York Realists. FTP, name this art movement, at the core of which was a group known as "the eight", led by Robert Henri.;;(The) Ashcan (School)
;;In Pickwick Papers, Sam Weller observes to a man of this name, whose last name is Trotter, that his first name has no known nicknames. In the Bible, he is the addressee of the rather embarrassing question "where was thou when I laid the foundations of the Earth" His answer to God is "I know that thou canst do every thing, and that no thought can be withholden from thee." For 10 points, name this man whom Bildad, Zophar and Eliphaz comfort after his family are all killed by Satan in an attempt to win a bet with God.;;Job
;;The titular item is an expensive marble piece bought by Jason for his wife. The protagonist's life is defined by her arrogance: on her deathbed she defies her nurse, snatching a glass of water into her own hands, and she chooses to marry Brampton despite her father's objections. Like The Diviners, it takes place in the village of Manawaka. FTP, name this novel by Canadian author Margaret Laurence that examines the pride of Hagar Currie Shipley.;;(The) Stone Angel
;;This country was the destination of "Getting Gay With Kids" in South Park. It has the highest percentage of ethnic Europeans of any country in Latin America. The state of Puntarenas snakes along its Pacific coast, reaching from the Peninsula de Osa to Cabo Blanco. FTP, name this notably unwarlike Central American country, bordered on the north by Lake Nicaragua and with capital at San Jose.;;Costa Rica
;;In the tenth century, this wool town was home to a fortress and monastery. It is in a province named for Saladin, who was born there in 1137 to a Kurdish family. The area immediately to the south is known for large burrowing arachnids. For 10 points, name this town in the "Sunni Triangle" where Saddam Hussein was born and near which he was captured.;;Tikrit
;;It was adopted in 1973 and named to honor a prominent Swedish scientist in the field.  A derived SI unit expressed in terms of joules per kilogram, it can be calculated from a quantity measured in grays by multiplying by a quality factor Q dependent on the type of radiation in question.  FTP, name this unit, intended to measure the radioactive dose effect, or the biological effect of a given amount of radiation, and equal to 100 rems.;;sievert|Sv
;;One legend tells that in an attempt to achieve immortality, this person crawled through the goddess of death's body and was crushed by her vagina when she awoke, making him the first man to die. Another tells of how he used an ancestor's jaw and his own blood to raise the north island of New Zealand. FTP, name this god who captured the sun and forced it to slow down on his namesake Hawaiian island.;;Maui
;;Goethe's estimation of this younger contemporary was that if Goethe was Saul, this composer of The First Walpurgisnacht was David. A female chorus gets to sing the lines of Jesus in his oratorio Paul. He died in 1847 shortly after returning from a trip to England where he was Queen Victoria's favorite composer and premiered his Elijah. For 10 points, name this composer of a series of Songs Without Words as well as the "Scottish" and "Italian" Symphonies.;;(Felix) Mendelssohn ((-)) (Bartholdy)
;;In this play, an invitation to a sermon on the beheading of John the Baptist precedes the beheading of the canary Serena, whose injury symbolizes that of the title character's.  The dog Diana has sex with a mongrel, breaking the class barrier that Christine, the cook, believes in wholeheartedly.  The title character herself has sex with the valet Jean, who eventually hypnotizes her and tells her to kill herself.  FTP, name this Strindberg masterpiece.;;Miss Julie
;;The largest island in it, Valaam, is the site of a monastery dating back to the tenth century.  It is fed principally by the the Vuoska, the Volkhov, and the Svir , which descends from Lake Onega, and it is drained by the Neva, which eventually empties into the Gulf of Finland.  While on the border between Russia and Finland, it has been entirely within Russian borders since World War Two.  FTP, this is what 7,000 sq-mi lake north of St. Petersburg that is the largest in Europe?.;;(Lake) Ladoga
;;While he wandered around from feudal court to another trying to find a ruler to follow his teachings, he also defended those teachings against Mohism and the egoism of Yang Zhu. He also introced the concept of righteousness, or i to Confucianism as well as the right of the people to revolt if a ruler loses the Mandate of Heaven. His interpretation of Confucianism was long regarded as orthodox. For 10 points, name this Chinese philosopher and namesake of one of the Four Books of Confucian thought.;;Mencius
;;The Grand Theft Auto III mission "Blow Fish" requires one to drive a truck of this type, while this type of island names both an independent comic by Mel Horan and the destination of a barge landed upon by Homer Simpson's car. The band of this name failed to issue its 2001 Mushroom release in the United States.  FTP, give the common name of all these things, a synonym for the kind of questions we'll be hearing tomorrow at the Ann B. Davis.;;garbage
;;His autobiography Dichtung und Wahrheit, describes his early exploits as a researcher in biological morphology. A trip he took between 1786 and 1788 resulted in his Iphigenia at Aulis, Torquato Tasso and Roman Elegies. Later, his drama Gotz von Berlichingen gained him immense popularity, resulting in his appointment as the chief minister of Weimar for a decade. For 10 points, name this leader of the Sturm und Drang movement and author of Faust.;;(Johann) (Wolfgang) (von) Goethe (GUUHH(-)tuh)
;;Every year during the sixth prytany [PRIT-uh-nee] it was decided whether one of these would occur. In the fourth century it was largely replaced by the graphe paranomon [GRAH-fay pa-ruh-NOH-mahn]. The first use was twenty years after the practice was supposedly instituted by Cleisthenes. About ten thousand pieces of pottery from the Athenian Agora, some of them with names on them like Xanthippus, Aristides and Themistocles are evidence for, for 10 points, what Athenian system of temporary exile of one citizen by popular vote?.;;ostracism
;;It was stated originally by Johann von Herder and Wilhelm von Humboldt and was developed at Yale University and arose mainly from the study of the Hopi.  Evidence of it includes the fact that Eskimos have separate words for snow and ice, while Aztecs use only one term for both, leading to the idea that a language's structure conditions the way a user thinks.  FTP, identify this linguistic theory named for the two men that formulated it.;;Sapir(-)Whorf (hypothesis)
;;Two disjoint trees may be concatenated in two steps using this procedure, assuming knowledge of an extreme key value. This important operation on binary trees may be implemented most simply as an ordinary search followed by a recursive series of AVL rotations and, consequently, most basic operations on AVL-type trees may be implemented via this instruction in ["big oh of log enn"] time in an amortized average. FTP, name the operation that moves the node returned by a search for a given key to the root of a binary tree.;;Splay
;;A pair of barely visible legs and a faded woman's head suggest that the canvas was most likely used to begin another portrait before the artist decided on this subject, a theory which also accounts in part for the subject's unusual posture. His shirt is torn at the left shoulder, and his eyes are closed as his head hangs down to his right, the spindly fingers of his left hand on the frets. For 10 points, name this title character of a Pablo Picasso painting, an elderly musician leaning against a wall.;;(The) Old Guitar Player
;;He was the first executive director of the A. Philip Randolph Institute, and his article "Twenty-Two Days on a Chain Gang" was published in the New York Post after he served a 30-day sentence for violating segregation laws during the 1947 Freedom Rides.  With Ella Baker and Stanley Levinson, he founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and was involved in the creation of the Congress of Racial Equality.  This is, for 10 points, what advisor to Martin Luther King, Jr., who organized the 1963 March on Washington.;;(Bayard) Rustin
;;More than three decades of ethnic harmony and prosperity where shattered here in 1999 when a military coup toppled the government of president Henri Bedie.  Antipathy toward Muslim immigrants and Liberian refugees led to rebel movements forming in the nation's east and north in 2002, with French mediation efforts being only partly successful.  FTP name this country, tentatively governed by Laurent Gbagbo, with capital at Yamoussoukro.;;Ivory Coast|Cote d'Ivoire
;;It takes its name from wool garments worn by 8th century ascetics, but practitioners use the letters composing the word to express hidden meanings, and so the word could also be understood as "enlightenment."  Central to this sect are the concepts of tawakkul (tah-VAH-kuhl), total reliance on God, dhikr, the perpetual remembrance of God, and qawwali (kah-VAH-lee), achievement of religious ecstasy through music. For 10 points, name this Islamic movement that has roots in Christian monasticism and Indian mysticism.;;Sufism
;;According to the liner notes for this album, several million people confused the collaborator on its fourth track with a certain "St. Lunatic." That track, "Sacrifice," is labeled ninety per the practice of the issuing band of labeling each officially released track in a single series. Other collaborations on this 2004 Grammy nominee include "Something in the Way of Things (in Town)" with Amiri Baraka and "The Seed (2.0)" with Cody ChesnuTT, though this album's centerpiece is the sound collage "Water." FTP, name this long-awaited new release from The Roots.;;Phrenology
;;He died tragically when he accidentally set his suitcase down in such a way that it made his gun go off, but not before he had made two field research trips to Yugoslavia between 1933 and 1935, amassing a large quantity of field recordings of the epic poetry of local rhapsodes.  This led to his answer to "The Homeric Question," namely his Theory of Oral Composition  For 10 points, identify this classical scholar whose assistant, Albert Lord, continued his work after his death, ultimately publishing The Singer of Tales.;;(Milman) Parry
;;The theoretical distribution of this statistic, given a normal population, is a special case of the gamma distribution with alpha and beta respectively equal to half the number of degrees of freedom and two. It may be difficult to perform a two-sided significance test via this statistic, as its distribution is asymmetric due to the inherent non-negativity of the variance. FTP, name the statistic that may be defined symbolically as ["quantity enn minus one, close quantity, times little ess squared divided by quantity little sigma squared, close quantity"] and provides the experimental sampling distribution of the variance.;;Chi(-)Squared
;;This granddaughter of economist Henry George attended UCLA before landing the job in New York that led to her success with the famous Fall River Legend, one of two pieces based on the life of Lizzie Borden.  Her work with musicals includes Paint Your Wagon and Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, but she may be best known for a ballet based on a Copland work, which was the first to include tap-dancing.  FTP, name this dance choreographer of Rodeo.;;(Agnes) (George) de Mille
;;Mommy is a sadistic disciplinarian, emasculating Daddy, and mutilating their "bumble" of joy. Grandma is dismissed by Mommy and Daddy, and describes The Young Man as "almost insultingly good-looking in a typically American way." The conclusion results in Mommy and Daddy's final satisfaction, and Grandma being taken away by the Van People. For ten points - name this work of American absurdism, written by Edward Albee.;;(The) American Dream
;;Named for the daughter-in-law of the namesake of the state in which it is located, it contains the second-widest street in the U.S. and was the National Training Center for sculling from 1995 to 2000.  Home to the National Science Center and the Medical College of Georgia, Jessye Norman, Ty Cobb, Hulk Hogan, and James Brown have all called it home.  For 10 points, identify this second largest city in Georgia.;;Augusta
;;The cause of sex expression in dioecious flowers, there have been 126 of them isolated to date.  Found in angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns, mosses, algae and even some fungal and bacterial species, these diterpenes synthesized from acetyl CoA are thought to be produced in shoots and developing seeds, though their effects are most obviously seen in stems.  This is, for ten points, what class of plant hormones, which stimulate the cell division and elongation that results in stem elongation.;;Gibberellins
;;He opened a jazz coffee shop in 1974, but closed it to devote his time to writing.  His first novel Hear the Wind met with little critical acclaim, but later works like Dance, Dance, Dance and The Sputnik Sweetheart had high-volume sales.  His only collection of short stories in English is The Elephant Vanishes, and he won the Tanizaki Prize for The Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World.  FTP, name this Japanese author of The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle.;;Murakami (Haruki)
;;Two answers required.  Played by Matt Crocco and Liam Lynch, they were once nearly given the key to the city of Transylvania, and had the privilege of interviewing hip-hop superstars Orgasm & G-Spot.  Regularly lending their names to endorsements for products sold to infomercial host Precious Roy, and introduced at the beginning of every half hour by their sidekick Chester, these are, for 10 points, which two oft-singing sock-puppets who somehow got their own show on MTV.;;Sifl (&) Olly
;;This supporter of Alfred Dreyfus founded the socialist daily paper L'Humanite prior to his founding the Ethnology Institute at the University of Paris.  He became editor of The Sociological Year after the appearance of his first major work, Sacrifice, its Nature and Function. In that position he succeeded his uncle, mile Durkheim. Exchange relationships in Melanesia were the most famous thing studied by, for 10 points, what French sociologist and author of The Gift?.;;(Marcel) Mauss
;;This man's father is sometimes given as Poseidon, but is more conventionally Cycleus; his place of birth also varies by myth between Corinth and Methymna. After receiving a golden lyre for his twentieth birthday, this musician decides to ignore a prophecy of doom, which he unwittingly circumvents with the aid of his friend Periander. For ten points name the mythical musician of Greek legend and supposed inventor of the dithyramb, whose music is so heavenly that it charms some dolphins who save him from drowning.;;Arion
;;It employs the catalyst of one of its namesakes, a mixture of titanium tetrachloride and an alkylaluminum compound.  The transition state of this reaction is believed to involve formation of a complex formed when empty orbitals of titanium are filled by pi-electrons from a carbon-carbon double bond.  Unlike free-radical reactions, it can produce linear unbranched polyethylene and isotactic polypropylene.  FTP, name this polymerization reaction which earned its two namesakes the 1963 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.;;Ziegler(-)Natta (polymerization)
;;After a brief trial, one of its leaders was released, while the other served just eight months of a five-year imprisonment sentence.  Nineteen people, including three policemen were killed in gunfire after the insurgents had forced the leaders of a right-wing political meeting at the title location to join what was supposed to be a March on Berlin, backed by war hero Erich Ludendorff. We could have saved a lot of trouble if the Germans had just shot Hitler after, for 10 points, what abortive 1923 uprising in Munich?.;;Beer Hall (Putsch)|Munich (Putsch)|Bierkeller (Putsch)|Munchener Putsch
;;(do not accept answers containing only "Munich" after the word "Munich" is mentioned.  1. His ideas were heavily criticized in Alvin Gouldner's The Coming Crisis of American Sociology and C. Wright Mills' The Sociological Imagination. Orientation toward service was one of the factors he cited as contributing to the "common value integration" that draws societies together more than any "rational" economic incentive. Towards a Theory of Social Action and The Social System are later works of, for 10 points, what author of The Structure of Social Action?.;;(Talcott) Parsons
;;In 1897 this man resigned his senate seat to make room for Marcus Hanna, thus ending his second stint as a senator from Ohio.  He had been considered for the Republican presidential nomination in 1880, '84, and '88, but never rose higher than Secretary of State, a post he held under McKinley.  FTP, name this man, who also served as Secretary of the Treasury under Hayes, but is most famous for two eponymous acts, one buying precious metal and the other limiting monopolies.;;(John) Sherman
;;His most recent work describes how Ron and Dan Lafferty killed their brother Allen's wife and child under the influence of a fundamentalisst Mormon belief that they had hear the voice of God. In addition to Under the Banner of Heaven,  this author has written an award-winning article in Outside magazine about how four members of  his team died on a trip up Everest. People dying under unpleasant circumstances in God-forsaken places is the running theme through the work of, for 10 points, what author of Into Thin Air and Into the Wild?.;;(Jon) Krakauer
;;His preoccupation with the "Bright Young Things" of his generation comes out both in his After the Dance. The suicide of a young actor who had been his lover inspired The Deep Blue Sea, and he to some degree portrayed himself in the part of Alan Howard in French Without Tears. He used the case of George Archer-Shee, a cadet who was expelled from a naval academy for theft, as the basis for a play that was made into a 1999 movie with Nigel Hawthorne and Jeremy Northam. For 10 points, name this author of The Browning Version and The Winslow Boy.;;(Terence) Rattigan
;;The 1990 death of a CIA agent is represented by a star, which catches the eye of James Clayton, whose father happened to have disappeared in 1990. The plot follows Clayton's attempts to get a hold of a computer virus called "Ice 9," and his attempts at discovering the truth. FTP, name this 2003 flick starring Colin Farrell and Bridget Moynahan as CIA agent wannabes and Al Pacino as Walter Burke.;;(The) Recruit
;;At the age of 18 he took over from the regent Bairam Khan and took power himself. His final conquests were bordered to the south by the Godavari River and included much of Afghanistan. He got tired of orthodox Islam and insteadin 1582 cooked up the Din-I-Ilahi or Divine Faith, a mix of Islam, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, and Christianity, all of which faiths were found in the Mughal empire of his day. For 10 points, name this son of Humayan and grandson of Babur.;;Akbar (the) (Great)
;;This is a general result from Fourier analysis that was given particular significance in the 20th century.  It is closely related to the sampling theorem and relates the minimum dispersion of a function in physical and Fourier spaces.  What arises is the statement that a function cannot be both band-limited and time-limited. FTP, this relation takes on its common meaning when applied to wave functions in quantum mechanics and is often stated as that it is impossible to know the position and momentum of a particle absolutely.;;Heisenberg Uncertainty (Principle)|Heisenberg's Inequality
;;This man's most famous work resulted from a request of Cardinal Farnese made during a 1546 dinner party.  Farnese also commissioned his first works of art, a series of paintings for the Vatican Chancellery.  Under the patronage of the Medici, this man built an eponymous corridor connecting the Palazzo Vecchio with the Pitti Palace, as well as building the Uffizi. The modern concept of mannerism, and much else about Florentine art history, was first defined by, for 10 points, what artist in his Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects?.;;(Giorgio) Vasari
;;He wrote two string quartets, one in A and one in D. The latter's third movement, a "notturno" is often played by itself. His one opera takes place partly in Poutivl, the seat of the Prince of Seversk. Its characters include Khan Gzak and Khan Konchak, the leaders of the Polovtsians. In the Steppes of Central Asia joins Prince Igor as major works of, for 10 points, what Russian composer whose day job was being a chemist?.;;(Igor) Borodin
;;The lesser known family of these animals is Indriidae. Varieties of them include gentle, sportive, mouse and dwarf. An extinct variety, Notharctus, used to be all over North America and Europe, but climage changes and competition from more advanced primates caused them to be restricted to their present narrow habitat. The aye-aye and the loris are part of the same family and the ring-tailed is the best-known variety of, for 10 points, what family of primates found only in Comoros and Madagascar?.;;Lemurs
;;He was the first World War I veteran and the first resident of Saskatchewan to rise as high as he did, which is why the airport in Saskatoon is named for him. He took office in 1957 and turned a minority government into an overwhelming majority in 1958 elections, but in 1962 his Progressive Conservatives lost steam, and in 1963 he was replaced as PM by Lester Pearson.  FTP, identify this 13th Canadian prime minister, who was responsible for the Canadian Bill of Rights.;;(John) Diefenbaker
;;One after-effect of this incident was Eriphyle's [uh-RIFF-uh-lee] being murdered by her son Alcmaeon because she had been bribed into making her husband Amphiaraus [am-fee-uh-RAY-uss] go along. The Epigoni eventually avenged the defeat, led by the son of King Adrastus of Argos, who had agreed to restore Polynices to the throne of his father Oedipus. The number of the heroes reflects the number of the gates of the city attacked by, for 10 points, what expedition that gives its name to a play of Aeschylus?.;;(The) Seven Against Thebes
;;This city's King William District features the beautiful Victorian houses of German immigrants. In the 20th Century it came to be called "The Mother-in-Law of the Army" because of military facilities including Fort Sam Houston. St. Mary's University and Trinity University are both located in, for 10 points, what city in Bexar [BAY-hahr] County, Texas where William Barrett Travis' Texans were all killed by Santa Ana at the Alamo.;;San Antonio
;;According to his website, this man first felt the call to service after reading a Readers' Digest article about Soviet oppression in Hungary.  There are many other such moving stories about this one time star swimmer at Hall High School in Little Rock, including the story of his meeting his wife, Gertrude, at a navy dance, even though he was a student at West Point, where he would later graduate first in his class.  FTP, who is this democratic presidential candidate?.;;(General) (Wesley) Clark
;;The play was originally slated to go to Barry Pearson, who hadn't played in a game all year but found himself on the field with the season on the line.  However, the quarterback saw Frenchy Fuqua first, and with 22 seconds left fired it in his direction.  Fuqua collided with Raiders linebacker Jack Tatum at the 35 yard line - the ball bounced off of Tatum and flew seven yards to the 42, where, FTP, Franco Harris made what touchdown reception which is still one of the greatest plays of all time?.;;(The) Immaculate Reception
;;The Gardener Seth and Hazel and Peter Niles, cousins of the main characters, appear in this work that is divided into Homecoming, The Hunted and The Haunted. After his sister take him on a long sea voyage, Orin Mannon comes back completely under her control, and eventually she gets him to commit suicide out of guilt for murdering his mother. Captain Adam Brant is Aegisthus and Lavinia Mannon is the title character of, for 10 points, what re-telling of the Orestes myth in an 1860s American setting, as written by Eugene O'Neill?.;;Mourning Becomes Electra
;;Their capital, Gumarcaj, was called "place of old reeds" in Nahuatl, and its ruins are a short distance from Santa Cruz. According to legend, the quetzal bird ceased singing and, from the splattered blood, gained a red spot on its belly when this people's last ruler, Tecun Uman, was killed by the conquering Spanish. FTP, name this Maya people conquered in 1524 by Pedro de Alvarado, whose name is spelled like an egg-and-cheese flan.;;(the) Quiche (people)
;;He was affiliated with the University of Chicago and later California Tech, and his First Course in Physics, written with Henry Gale in 1906, was the standard textbook on the subject for many years.  He was the first to determine the value of the charge on an electron, and he demonstrated that the charge was a constant rather than a statistical average.  FTP, name this American physicist, whose namesake oil drop experiment helped him win the Nobel Prize for physics in 1923.;;(Robert) (Andrews) Millikan
;;His minor works include treatises on horsemanship and hunting as well as an encomium of King Agesilaus [agg-ess-ill-AY-uss] of Sparta. His history of Greece in his own times begins with words that translate "and after that," with "that" being the last events narrated by Thucydides. He laid the groundwork for the Greek novel with his Education of Cyrus, but it was another Cyrus that he and 10,000 other Greek mercenaries accompanied on a failed try at the Persian throne. For 10 points, name this Greek whose Anabasis is the story of getting that army from the heart of Asia back to Greece?.;;Xenophon
;;Nisus was turned into one of these in Greek mythology. King Suro was turned into one in Korean mythology. Along with human, lion, and bull, the face of one of these graces the second highest order of angels in the Bible. Odin changed himself into one in order to fly back to Asgard after drinking the remains of Kvasir. FTP, name this animal, also the material plane's incarnation of the great bird Tabaldak in Native American mythology and the constant inhabitant of Zeus' shoulder.;;(an) eagle
;;The men's positions include Progressive, Twinkle, Box, and Right and Left Walks. It follows the Two-Step pattern but has a broken instead of a steady beat. Oscar Duryea was chosen to introduce it to the dancing public. Since 1914, it has been a classic with has gained many variations, including an Oriental one, a Reuben one, and a Castillian one. FTP, name this vulpine dance which has 6 beats with pattern "slow, slow, quick, quick.".;;foxtrot
;;While at university, he studied French literature, particularly Rabelais, as well as publishing The Catch and his first novel, Bud-Nipping, Lamb Shooting.  A Personal Matter told of his feelings on raising a mentally disabled child, while Hiroshima Notes was a long essay describing the aftermath of the atomic bomb.  FTP, identify this author of The Silent Cry and winner of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Literature.;;(Kenzaburo) Oe
;;This tourist attraction saw the death of sky-diver David Weston last October.  The daredevil had planned to freefall past the suspension bridge that crosses more than 1,000 feet above the Arkansas [ar-KAN-zas] River, but instead he hit the hand rail and died instantly.  Failed stunts aside, this canyon has been a prime tourist attraction since being discovered by Zebulon Pike in 1806. FTP, name this canyon, also known as the Grand Canyon of the Arkansas, that is located in southern Colorado.;;Royal Gorge
;;Recently, a Cornell University study announced that this contains nearly twice the antioxidants of red wine, and has more potential health benefits than any type of tea. The drink comes from the Aztecs, although heating it was the idea of the Spaniards.  FTP, name this hot drink, which is good when served with marshmallows or whipped cream.;;hot chocolate|cocoa
;;He always claimed that England won the finals of the 1966 World Cup because Bobby Charlton was just a little bit better than him. At that point he was captain of Bayern Munich, where he stayed until a brief stint in the late 70s with the New York Cosmos. The defensive position of sweeper was largely re-defined by, for 10 points, what "Kaiser," the only man to win a World Cup as a player, in 1974 and as a manager, with Germany in 1990.;;(Franz) Beckenbauer
;;It was first constructed in 1924, and its namesake characteristic is produced by measuring the current with respect to the bias.  Analysis of the characteristic allows for the calculation for such properties as electron density and temperature, ion density, and the electron distribution function.  For 10 points - name this instrument, whose relatively simple design, two insulated wires inserted in a plasma, makes it the most versatile plasma diagnostic.;;Langmuir (Probe)
;;Its name could come from the Arabic words for "soft earth" or "grief and affliction". Constructed in 684, it contains the bodies of all 72 killed there including Hazrat Ali Akbar and Hazrat Ali Asghar.  Pilgrimages here occur on the 10th of Muharram and then 40 days later during Safar.  For ten points, name this site, the place of the battle where Hussein was martyred in 680 and which is one of the holiest sites in Shi'ite Islam.;;Karbala
;;The original was a sixteenth-century philologist who was royal librarian to Henri IV of France. The fictional version beats out Sir James Chettam and marries the heroine of the novel, but much of his scholarly work has already been done by Germans, a fact we learn from his cousin Will Ladislaw. The "key to all mythologies" never gets written anyway, thanks to the death of, for 10 points, what husband of Dorothea Brooke in George Eliot's Middlemarch?.;;(Isaac)|(Edward) Casaubon
;;pinal is the located on this river just as it comes down from the Vosges [VOHZH]. By the time it reaches Nancy [nahn-SEE] and Metz, it is roughly halfway between the Meuse and the Saar, the latter of which joins it further up. It briefly forms the border between Germany and Luxembourg before flowing through Trier. The Rhine is joined at Coblenz by, for 10 points, what river known for gallons of sweet white wine.;;(The) Moselle
;;An urban legend says that the maximum length of commerical CDs reflects the length of this piece. In Japan, it is often played for New Year's, and Leonard Bernstein recorded it in Berlin after the Wall fell, and changed the last word of the title to "freiheit." (FRYE-height). When it premiered in 1824, people liked the scherzo, but the finale went down less well, perhaps because the singers refused to sing the high notes. The alto turned the conductor around to see the applause for, for 10 points, what orchestral work that ends with a setting of Schiller's Ode to Joy?.;;Beethoven's Ninth (Symphony)|Ode to Joy|Ode an die Freude
;;Fort Barrancas outside of this city was given to the Confederates at the start of the Civil War, but the Union kept Fort Pickens and captured the whole city in 1862. The British had got control of it in 1763 and made it capital of all territory west of the Apalachicola. Bernardo de Galvez recaptured it for Spain in 1781. When the United States annexed Florida in 1821, the ceremony took place in, for 10 points, what former capital of West Florida which Andrew Jackson illegally occupied in 1818?.;;Pensacola
;;Simon Newcomb first addressed this economic term in 1885. It was more famously elaborated upon by Irving Fisher in 1911. It is based on his namesake equation, MV = PT, where T is number of transactions, P is price level, V is velocity of transactions and M is the money supply. As long as one accepts that V and T are stable and predictable, the theory amounts to saying that the amount of money that is use equals the amount that is spent, which is rather obvious, but Milton Friedman and friends are still enamored of, for 10 points, what theory of how the money supply works?.;;(The) Quantity Theory (of) (Money)
;;Side episodes include King Sweno of Denmark getting killed and his sword being delivered to one of the main characters, and an episode in which Olindo and Sophronia are about to be burned by King Aladine but are rescued by the female warrior Clorinda. Argantes is killed by Tancred and the enchantress Armida surrenders to Rinaldo during the climactic battle outside the Holy City in, for 10 points, what loose epic re-telling of the First Crusade as written by Torquato Tasso?.;;Jerusalem Delivered|Gerusalemme Liberata
;;The title character of The Shoes of the Fisherman takes the name of this man. In 862, King Louis the German was close to getting King Boris of Bulgaria to become a Catholic. The Byzantine emperor didn't like this idea, so in order to bring about an Orthodox Bulgaria, he sent out this man, who preached to the Moravians in a form of Slavonic they didn't understand, but for which he supposedly invented an alphabet. For 10 points, name this man who, with his brother Methodius, was the apostle to the Slavs and supposed inventor of the Russian alphabet.;;(St(.)) Cyril|(St(.)) Constantine
;;The villain at the end refers to the Sullivan Laws as the reason why instead of shooting the hero, he will take him on in the movie's climactic fistfight. He had previously gotten Kayo Dugan crushed in an "accident," an act which is called a "crucifixion" in a speech delivered from a cargo crane by Father Barrie, played by Karl Malden. Barrie and Edie Doyle, played by Eva Marie Saint, together convince Terry Malloy to spill the beans on a corrupt union in, for 10 points, what 1954 film directed by Elia Kazan and starring Marlon Brando?.;;On the Waterfront
;;She got outspent 20 to 1 but still beat ambulance-chaser Al Hofeld, Republican Richard Williamson and Senator Alan Dixon to become her state's first female senator. At the time in she was Recorder of Deeds for Cook County. Six years later Peter Fitzgerald was able to beat her out, in part due to some embarrassing photo-ops with Sani Abacha. New Zealand seemed like a safer place to send, for 10 points, what former Illinois senator who, as of last week, thinks Howard Dean would make a swell president.;;(Carol) (Mosely) Braun
;;After failing to graduate from the University of Bonn, he became a secondary school teacher, but received an honorary doctorate after publishing works on Abelian functions in Crelle's Journal.  The M-test for uniform convergence is named after him, he developed the epsilon, delta definition of the limit, and he is considered to be the father of mathematical analysis.  For 10 points - name this rigorous German mathematician, who shares the name of a well-known theorem of sequences with Bernard Bolzano.;;(Karl) Weierstrass
;;BigWig Enterprises released their first full-length album, Origin, which included earlier versions of "Whisper" and Imaginary."  Their next album, their debut with Wind-Up, included contributions from Paul McCoy, and songs such as "My Immortal" were available before the album's release.  In October of 2003, cofounder and co-songwriter Ben Moody left the band, leaving most creative control with Amy Lee.  For 10 points - name this band, whose album, Fallen, was supported by the appearance of "Bring Me to Life" on the soundtrack to Daredevil.;;Evanescence
;;This country can be divided into five distinct regions including the Tsaratanana Massif.   Its highest point is 2,876 meters at Maromokotro.  For much of the nineteenth century it was an independent kingdom with rulers including two King Radamas and three Queen Ranavalonas. Its natives are more closely related to people from 3,000 miles to the east than those living on the continent across the Mozambique Channel. Antantanrivo is the capital and French and Malagasy are the official languages of, for 10 points, what nation that occupies the world's fourth largest island.;;Madagascar
;;Charles Goodnight appears as a minor character at the end, but the book is in fact based on his real-life exploits. He finds one of the main characters bringing the other's body back to Texas. Deets is killed by starving Indians and Blue Duck kills himself to avoid hanging. Dead Man's Walk and Comanche Moon tell the earlier adventures of Gus McRae and Woodrow Call before they decide to take a herd of cattle up to Montana in, for 10 points, what novel by Larry McMurtry?.;;Lonesome Dove
;;It was named after John George Lambton, who only spent five months as governor in chief and lord high commissioner, and died soon after this document's filing.  It infuriated the French because of its claims that "they lacked a history and a literature."  He expected the French Canadians to be assimilated with the English that resided in modern-day southern Ontario.  For 10 points - name this 1838 document, which recommended the unification of Upper and Lower Canada.;;Durham (Report)
;;It first came to world attention in the early 1990s, with activity there being "frozen" due to a 1994 international agreement.  Its international monitors were expelled in December, 2003, leading to fears its fuel rods would be enriched and sent to more secure locations.  FTP identify this weapons research center, hub of the North Korean nuclear program, recently inspected by an American delegation.;;Yongbyon
;;He never did finish the west doors for Siena Cathedral, for which he had made his first narrative relief of Herod's Feast. Baldassare Coscia ended up being declared an anti-pope instead of being John XXIII, but he still got a gilded-bronze tomb by this man, who used the same medium for his statue of St. Louis of Tolouse. Giotto's Campanile in Florence now has copies of his Prophets, including Jeremiah and the bald figure known as the "pumpkin," or Il Zuccone. For 10 points, name this founder of Renaissance sculpture and artist of Gattamelata.;;Donatello
;;His early travels produced the historical sketch Revolutions in the Kingdoms of Fez and Morocco, as well as an important acquaintance with Boileau [bwah-LOH]. His play the Drummer got nowhere, but in 1713 his pro-Whig tragedy Cato had a record run. "The Play" in No. 335 and Vauxhall in No. 383 are places to which he sent Roger de Coverly in the pages of the Specator. For 10 points, name this great English essayist and friend of Richard Steele.;;(Joseph) Addison
;;One possible etymology of his name is that it means "white king" in some proto-Slavic language. He accepted Vitiges' offer to become emperor but, as soon as he had gotten into Ravenna, reneged and turned Vitiges and most of Italy over to his master. His last victory came when he kept the Kotrigurs out of Constantinople in 559, but by then he had already defeated Gelimer and the Vandals, plus the Ostrogoths, thus reconquering portions of the western Empire for Byzantium. For 10 points, name this chief general of the Emperor Justinian.;;Belisarius
;;Its namesake river crosses Westchester and Tremont Avenues and runs through its namesake Botanical Garden. Van Cortlandt is its largest park, and neighborhoods include Marble Hill, Morrisania and Riverdale. It is named for a Scandinavian farmer named Jonas who let religious dissenters escape from the Dutch by crossing the Harlem river. The Willis Avenue and Whitestone bridges get you from Manhattan and Queens into, for 10 points, what outpost of New York City on the U.S. Mainland, a territory infested by Yankees?.;;(The) Bronx
;;Like Marie Curie, her work is what killed her; she died of ovarian cancer before the age of 40.  While working at King's College, she was a research associate for John Randall, as well as Maurice Wilkins.  The April 25, 1953 issue of Nature also contained an article featuring her work in x-ray crystallography, supporting the findings in the earlier, and much more prominent, article.  For 10 points - name this chemist, whose X-ray photographs of a circular cross-section helped determine the structure of DNA.;;(Rosalind) Franklin
;;Rebels and the government of this nation signed an agreement to share oil revenues equally for the next six years, at which point a referendum might allow the Christian and animist south to secede from the Muslim-dominated north.  Peace may be derailed, however, as the status of the Nuba Mountains and Blue Nile region have yet to be determined.  FTP identify this war-torn nation, with capital at Khartoum.;;Sudan
;;When translated, her name means "the House of Horus."  At Thebes, she was the goddess of the dead. She was worshiped at Dendera as the consort of Horus. In the late stages of the Egyptian religion, she was almost entirely incorporated into Isis, including her sistrum and her trademark horns. For 10 points - name the Egyptian goddess of love, dance, and alcohol that was depicted as a cow.;;Hathor
;;Her grandfather George wrote Peter Ibbetson, which got turned into a Gary Cooper movie. She wrote a memoir of her father, an actor named Gerald. In 1936, she wrote about Mary and her uncle Joss Merlyn, who turned out to be a pirate, in Jamaica Inn. She really did have a hang-up about her husband's former fiancee, which is where the plot of her most famous novel comes from. Cornwall is the setting for all the famous works of, for 10 points, what writer of Frenchman's Creek and Rebecca?.;;(Daphne) DuMaurier
;;Its chemical formula is the title of a song by Anthrax on the album, 'Sound of White Noise.'  As a barbiturate, it is an effective and ultra-fast acting anesthetic for surgery.  Used in lethal injections, it is the first chemical passed through the prisoner's veins to make them unconscious.  For 10 points - name this chemical, often referred to as "truth serum," as it lowers a person's inhibition against talking, but usually makes them spew nonsense.;;Sodium Pentothal
;;Its first major in-house production was 1989's Scandal about a British defense minister's affair with a teenager.  It was founded in 1979 in Buffalo and quickly became a distributor of independent films.  It was purchased by Disney in 1993 and since has added its own subsidiary Dimension Films.  Its successes include Pulp Fiction and Chicago and in 2003 it put out The Human Stain, Kill Bill, and Cold Mountain.  FTP identify this production company headed by Harvey Weinstein.;;Miramax (Films) (Corp(.))|Miramax (Studios(.))
;;The "middleness" of this deity was the subject of Julian the Apostate's Fourth Oration.  The Homeric Hymn to him gives Euryphaessa [YOO-ree-fye-ESS-uh] as his mother although that title is usually given to Thea.  He gives Heracles the Golden Cup in which he sails to Geryon's land, tells Hephaistos of Aphrodite's affair with Ares and relates to Demeter the kidnapping of Persephone.  Phaethon was killed by Zeus after losing control of the chariot of, for 10 points, what father of his and Greek sun god?.;;Helios|Helius
;;This man's "Hotel Attraction," which features a number of parabolic towers that resemble a rocket ship, was recently submitted to the World Trade Center memorial search. His works, which include the Casa Mila, a building that resembles a lava flow because of its soft and nonlinear appearance, are noted for their intricate Art Nouveau flavor and influences from his home region. For 10 points, name this Spanish architect whose masterpiece is the four-towered Church of the Holy Family in Barcelona.;;(Antoni) Gaudi(.)
;;She starred in the T.V. movie Holiday in Your Heart and co-wrote the book on which it was based.  She also made a cameo appearance in Coyote Ugly where she sang "Can't Fight the Moonlight."  Her recent album Twisted Angel featured the single "Life Goes On."  Other hits include "How do I Live" and "One Way Ticket."  FTP identify this country artist who scored her first hit with "Blue" when she was thirteen.;;(LeAnn) Rimes(.)
;;The final speech of this play contains a line in Latin from Matthew 25:41 and ends with an appeal to "saint Charity" characteristic of its genre.  It is now the centerpiece of the Salzburg Festival in an adaptation into German by Hofmannsthal, and was probably originally an English translation of the Dutch Elkerlijk [ELL-kuhr-lik].  Fellowship, Cousin, and Goods abandon the title character after God orders Death to take him and eventually he is left only with Good Deeds.  FTP identify this most famous morality play.;;Everyman|(The) Summoning of Everyman
;;This family consists of roughly 26 languages which are generally characterized by a distinction between dental, alveolar, and retroflex articulations.  A notable exception is Brahui, a language which is spoken as far away as Iran.  A few linguists claim similarities between this family and Indo-European, Finno-Ugric, and Etruscan languages. FTP, identify this family which includes languages including Kannada, Telugu, and Tamil, most of which are from southern India.;;Dravidian
;;He played Nigel Small-Fawcett in Never Say Never Again and voiced Zazu in The Lion King.  His other movie credits include Father Gerald in Four Weddings and a Funeral and Emile Mondavarious in 2002's Scooby Doo.  He was named the 1980 "BBC Personality of the Year" for his work on "Not the Nine O'Clock News," and followed up that success with a starring role in the Blackadder series.  FTP identify this Brit known for playing Mr. Bean.;;(Rowan) Atkinson(.)
;;It is the only compound in which two carboxyl groups are joined directly together, making it one of the strongest organic acids. Unlike most other carboxylic acids, with the exception of formic acid, it is readily oxidized, making it useful as a reducing agent for photography and ink removal. When consumed, it reacts with minerals like calcium and potassium to produce insoluble salts that can cause kidney problems. FTP, identify this acid, also known as ethanedioic dehydrate acid, which has a chemical formula of (COOH)2.;;oxalic (acid(.))
;;He spent much of his early career criticizing Eubulus' policy of using revenues for free theatrical performances rather than defense. He killed himself before letting Antipater capture him after the failure of the Lamian War in 322. When his ally Ctesiphon was prosecuted for support of him, this man delivered his speech On the Crown, in which he defended himself and lambasted the prosecutor Aeschines. For 10 points, name this Athenian orator who delivered his Philippics against the King of Macedon.;;Demosthenes(.)
;;Most of the verse sections including "A Song from the Highest Tower" are in the section "The Second Delirium." The final section, "Farewell," claims" "One must be absolutely modern." The work begins "Once, if my memory serves me well, my life was a banquet" It was written from April to August of 1873 when the author was only eighteen and describes his emotions in the wake of his affair with Paul Verlaine.  FTP identify this prose poem by Arthur Rimbaud.;;(Une) Saison en Enfer|(A) Season in Hell(.)
;;Constant volume is assumed in this formulation; it can only be used for closed containers.  Physically, it represents the maximum amount of P-V work which can be extracted from a system, and mathematically it equals internal energy minus the product of temperature and final entropy.  A different form, derived using enthalpy and assuming constant pressure and open containers, is named after Josiah Gibbs.  FTP, name this formulation of energy available to do work.;;Helmholtz (Free) (Energy(.))
;;Located on Rakata in the Sundra strait between Java and Sumatra in Indonesia, it lies 840 km south of Singapore and 160 km northwest of Jakarta.  Since 416 CE it has consisted of three small islands and a 7 km-wide caldera. On August 27, 1883, it exploded with a Volcano Eruption Index rating of 6, one of the largest in recorded history.  FTP, name this volcano eruption changed the global climate for several years afterwards.;;Krakatoa|Krakatau(.)
;;His reforms included a division of his country into 13 administrative departments and the passing of the Carta Fundamental in 1980.  He worked to implement his Alcazar Plan as Commander in Chief after passing the presidency to Patricio Aylwin in 1990.  Supporters point to the economic miracle created by his "Chicago Boys" while detractors cite the numerous "disappearances" attributed to his secret police group DINA.  FTP Identify this man who led the overthrow of Salvador Allende and became dictator of Chile.;;(Augusto) Pinochet (Ugarte(.))
;;In early 2003 it announced it had reached 60,000 active Premium subscribers and later in the year introduced "The Daypass Model" to entice more.  In 1999 it signed a ten-year contract with Rainbow Media creating an alliance with the Bravo network. Its columnists include Scott Rosenberg, Sidney Blumenthal, and Arianna Huffington and it supports two online communities: Table Talk and The WELL.  FTP identify this internet news media company whose name suggests a gathering hosted by Madame de Stael.;;Salon(.)com(.)
;;His early novels The Fortunate Pilgrim and The Dark Arena got virtually no public attention, which cannot be said for his screenplays including Earthquake and two Superman movies. The hero of the gambling expose Fools Die is often thought to be a self-portrait of, for 10 points, what creator of Luca Brasi, Tessio, Clemenza and other henchmen and relatives of Don Vito Corleone in The Godfather?.;;(Mario) Puzo
;;Ernst Gambrich suggested this painting was based on Apuleius's Golden Ass, while others suggest a Neo-Platonic interpretation.  On the far left Mercury parts clouds with his caduceus.  It is set in a grove of orange trees, and on the far right a ghastly blue-green figure, usually interpreted as Zephyr, pursues Chloris.  The figure to their right spreading flowers is probably Flora. The three graces are also present to the left of their mistress Venus.  FTP identify this Botticelli work depicting a season.;;(La) Primavera|Allegory of Spring
;;These enzymes catalyze the creation of a covalent bond between two substrates, resulting in a larger product which is a combination of the two starting materials. One of the most common versions is produced by the T4 bacteriophage, and creates a phosphate bond between the 5 prime and 3 prime ends of a DNA chain, resulting in a longer chain of DNA. FTP, identify these enzymes which are the opposite of restriction enzymes.;;ligase
;;The later stages of this campaign were highlighted by the Battle of Arsuf and the capture of Jaffa.  Earlier one invader had conquered Cyprus while another had captured Iconium, the capital of the Seljuks.  It had its roots in the raiding of Raynald of Chatillon and the 1187 Battle of Hattin.  Gregory VIII called for, FTP, what conflict which saw Philip Augustus, Frederick Barbarossa, and Richard I go to the Holy Land to fight Saladin?.;;Third Crusade(.)
;;In his early career he co-founded the Neo-Sensualist journal "The Artistic Age." "The Grasshopper and the Bell Cricket" is one of his very short "Palm of the Hand Stories." His later novels include The Lake and The Old Capital. One of his most famous novels centers on Shingo and his family's marital crises and another on Komako, an aging geisha. FTP identify this 1968 Literature Nobel Laureate and author of The Sound of the Mountain and Snow Country.;;Kawabata (Yasunari(.))
;;It apparently gets its name from the god whose priests used to prepare it by cooking animal hooves. Modern uses include its effect of temporarily turning wood plastic. It is used in the Solvay Process for producing soda ash, and the Ostwald Process converts it into nitric acid. By-products from coke furnaces and the Haber-Bosch Process are the main commercial sources of, for 10 points, what compound important in fertilizers whose formula is NH3?.;;ammonia (no(,)) (not) (ammonium(,)) (ammonia)
;;Don Quixote asserts that King Arthur was turned into this creature instead of dying.  It symbolized the first rank of initiation in the cult of Mithras and one supposedly signaled the death of Domitian by crying "All will be well."  In Celtic myth it was associated with Babd and Morrigan.  It was the dominant trickster and creator deity in the American Pacific Northwest.  FTP identify this avian described as "an ominous bird of yore" in an Edgar Allen Poe poem.;;Raven
;;also accept Corvus or Corax (accept "crow" until "Pacific Northwest").     24. This law stated that its constitutionality could not be judged by the Supreme Court and that all state employees, excepting legislators, had to swear an oath to uphold it. Governor Robert Hayne presided over the convention which passed it while the then Vice President of the U.S. resigned to defend this action in the Senate. The "Tariff of Abominations" was the target of, for 10 points, what 1832 South Carolina law that put forth John C. Calhoun's view that states could void federal laws?.;;Ordinance of Nullification|Nullification (Act(.))
;;This folk-pop band, formed outside of Toronto in 1988, was the first to reach the top 20 and go platinum in Canada with an independent release.  The band has survived one of its member's successful battle with leukemia and their fans throwing Kraft Mac and Cheese at them during concerts.  They have become a success in both the US and Canada with such hits as One Week and Brian Wilson.  FTP name this band composed of five fully dressed men.;;(The) Barenaked Ladies
;;For incompressible flow, the continuity equation of fluids simplifies to this equation being set to zero.  In meteorology, this condition in the upper troposphere leads to upward motion.  This scalar field can be integrated over a volume to yield the Theorem of Gauss.  A source-free field, one with no sources or sinks, also by definition has this scalar field set to zero.  FTP, give the term for the loss of mass per unit of time and volume.;;divergence
;;The majority of the population of this country is Christian although indigenous belief and Islam are also prevalent.  Its lingua franca is Sangho but French is the official language.  Its main industry is forestry but it is still heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture. Its current president is Francois Bozize who came to power after a March 2003 coup which ousted Ange Felix Patasse.  FTP identify this nation that has a capital at Bangui and an extremely generic name.;;Central African Republic|Republique Centrafricaine(.)
;;In the 19th century Pascal Beverly Randolph founded a revival of it in America, which accounts for the name of an Egyptian museum in San Jose, while R.W. Little directly associated it with Freemasonry.  It was popularized in the 17th century by Robert Fludd and its manifesto, the Fama Fraternitatis, is usually attributed to Johann Andreae.  FTP identify this occult theosophy which gets its name either from its bipartite symbol or its legendary founder Christian Rosenkreutz.;;Rosicrucianism|Order of the Rose and the Cross|Fraternitas Rosae Crucis
;;He wrote his only dissenting opinion in the case Ogden v. Saunders, while his landmark decisions include Willson v. Blackbird Creek Marsh Company and Worcester v. Georgia, [WUH-stuhr]. He served as secretary of state from 1800 to 1801, and with Elbridge Gerry and Charles Pinckney he was a delegate in the XYZ affair, but he is best known for establishing such principles as federal supremacy and judicial review. FTP, who was this chief justice who presided over Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland?.;;(John) Marshall
;;Several parts of this work are no longer performed today, including the procession of the vinegatherers. It sees the village gamekeeper Hilarion fall in love with the title figure, who in turn falls for Prince Albrecht, disguised as a villager named Loys. When Hilarion reveals Albrecht is engaged, the title figure dies and becomes one of the Wilis, jilted maidens who return from the dead at night and force men to dance to their deaths. Theophile Gautier contributed a plot to, FTP, what most famous ballet by Adolphe Adam.;;Giselle
;;At several points in this novel, the protagonist recalls conversations with a person known only as the "Mobius man". His discovery of a method for collecting water provides him with a purpose by the end of the novel, in which his trip to the coast to collect beetles and his subsequent acceptance of an offer of lodging in a strange desert village leads to his imprisonment in a house found in a hole in the sand. FTP, what is this novel about the life Niki Jumpei experiences with the title figure, perhaps the best-known novel by Abe Kobo?.;;(The) Woman in the Dunes|Suna no onna
;;This city's mediaeval monuments include the leaning Asinelli and Garisenda towers. It grew from the Etruscan town of Felsina, still has traces of its Roman wall and was a free mediaeval city until taken over by Pope Julius II in 1506. Its museum in the Palazzo Galvani features works by native artists including the Caracci and Guercino. Locals claim that Europe's oldest university is in, FTP, what city of Emilia-Romagna in Italy where the food is delicious, even the lunch meat?.;;Bologna
;;This thinker produced 1913's "Notes on Logic" after traveling to study with Bertrand Russell, but spent the rest of his life attacking many of Russell's fundamental assumptions as part of his assault on the underpinnings of philosophy, which he claimed suffered from mistakes of grammar, as discussed in posthumously published works like the Blue and Brown Books and Philosophical Investigations. FTP, who was this Austrian philosopher, author of Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus?.;;(Ludwig) Wittgenstein
;;It is accurate only for ideal gases but approximately true for real gases at low pressures and high temperatures and was ignored for over 50 years, until Cannizzaro built a logical theory of chemistry using it. When divided into the universal gas constant it gives Boltzmann's constant. It is symbolized either as capital L or N sub A and is approximately equal to 6.022 times 10 to the 23rd. FTP, what is this number, the amount of atoms or molecules in one mole of substance?.;;Avogadro's number|Avogadro's constant
;;Especially entertaining parts of this show are highlighted by "impact replays", while sideline interviews are conducted by Guy Le Douche. It is narrated by Vic Romano and Kenny Blankenship and always ends with the top 10 "Painful Eliminations of the Day", drawn from insane physical challenges like swinging over moats onto floating platforms and running across spinning foam logs. Footage taken from the Japanese game show Takeshi's Castle is the basis for, FTP, what program on Spike TV?.;;Most Extreme Elimination Challenge|MXC
;;Its second part, "Growth of the Idea of Government," includes analyses of the Greek genos and the Aztec Confederacy. The third contains a chapter called "The Consanguine [kahn-SANN-gwin] Family" that extends McLennan's ideas about incest. The first part, "Growth of Intelligence Through Inventions and Discoveries," begins with a chapter on "Ethnical Periods," which explains how communities develop through stages of savagery, barbarism and civilization. FTP, name this work of 1877 by Lewis Henry Morgan.;;Ancient Society
;;An elegy to Du Bartas is found among the works of this poet whose development of an individual voice is seen in poems like "Of the Vanity of All Worldly Creatures" and "David's Lamentation for Saul and Jonathon". The unfinished "Four Monarchies" was an attempt at a universal history, but better known today are poems like "The Author to Her Book" and "To My Dear and Loving Husband". FTP, name this poet whose early work was published as The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America.;;(Anne) Bradstreet
;;The foreshortening of the upper half of this painting is intended to exploit its position on an entire wall of the church of Santo Tome. In the bottom left, a tiny woman in black points to an event in progress, above which the title figure is seen as a small cloudlike figure amongst a celestial assembly. St. Stephen and St. Augustine are found at the bottom, having miraculously appeared to take part in the title event. FTP, what is this painting by El Greco depicting the funeral of a pious nobleman?.;;(The) Burial of Count Orgaz|Burial of the Conde de Orgaz
;;A distinctive form of charity among practitioners of this religion is building asylums for diseased animals. Its sacred texts are called either "Agama" or "Siddhanta", and were written around the time that its Digambara and Svetambara sects split over the question of nudity. It calls for asceticism and solitude to achieve moksha, as preached by its founder, Mahavira. FTP, what is this Indian religion whose adherence to ahimsa leads its members to sweep the ground before them as they walk?.;;Jainism
;;The site, in Acarnania at the entrance to the Ambracian Gulf, was sacred to Apollo, with whom the winning leader liked to associate himself. The eventual losers found that their heavy quinqueremes [KWIN-kwuh-reems] were outmaneuvered by lighter ships and one of their leaders caused general panic by attempting to retreat to Egypt. In Virgil, the Shield of Aeneas describes, FTP, what battle of 31 BC in which Marcus Agrippa did most of the work of defeating Antony and Cleopatra?.;;Actium|Action
;;Since November 2003 it has had several novelists in key positions, including Minister of Culture Yehiyeh Yakhlof and Interior Minister Hakam Balawi, a close confidant of its leader. Formed in 1964, it modified its goals in the late 1980s, accepting UN resolutions 242 and 338. It has been dominated by factions like the DFLP and Fatah and their associated terrorist groups, the General Command and Black September. FTP, what is this organization headed by Yasir Arafat?.;;PLO|Palestine Liberation Organization|Munazzamat at(-)Tahrir Filastiniyah
;;This poem ends with the protagonist railing against the modern world of steamships and railways, the latter of which are described as running in grooves rather than on rails. It is a monologue in which a man returns to the desolate home by the sea where he had been brought up by an unsympathetic uncle, and where his love for his cousin Amy was frustrated when his family made her marry another. FTP, name this poem by Tennyson whose title suggests something to do with Robin Hood.;;Locksley Hall
;;Originating from a company run by Walter Varney, it recently unveiled "Project Starfish", its second attempt to establish a stand-alone, low-cost operation. The 2001 replacement of chairman and CEO Jim Goodwin with Jack Creighton followed its failed merger with US Airways, while late in 2002 it filed for Chapter 11, eight years after it became the largest employee majority-owned corporation in the world. FTP, what is this Chicago-based airline?.;;United (Airlines)
;;Some of this scientist's major ideas are found in books like Evolution and Adaptation, Experimental Zoology, and The Mechanism of Mendelian Heredity. He developed the concept of "crossing over" to explain his discovery of sex-linked characteristics found during his studies of the fruit fly, which also led to his invention of genetic mapping. FTP, name this scientist who, for establishing that genes are located on chromosomes, won a Nobel Prize in 1933.;;(Thomas) (Hunt) Morgan
;;The southern bend of the Loa River is often defined as the northern boundary of this region, in which a raised depression extending from north to south forms the Tamarugal Plain. Copper is now mined there, while before WWI it was the world's primary source of nitrates. It lies to the east of the Cordillera [core-dee-YEAH-ruh] de la Costa and the Humboldt Current contributes to its most famous climatic feature. FTP, what is this desert in Chile where it pretty much doesn't rain, period?.;;Atacama (Desert)
;;Their developer introduced them in two essays, "A Psychological Approach to the Trinity" and "Mind and Earth", and claimed that they were the same as what Levy-Bruhl had called "collective representations." Examples include the syzygy, the child, and the self., and they are most often manifested in myths, dreams, and art. The shadow and anima are among, FTP, what universal elements of the collective unconsciousness as theorized by Carl Jung?.;;archetypes
;;He signed a secret treaty with France that in exchange for help to fight the Dutch, he would publicly convert Catholic. His brother and successor had already secretly done so, and stepped down as Lord High Admiral when a new Test Act required public officials to conform to the Church of England. Clarendon and the five minsters of the Cabal served, FTP, what Merry Monarch who died in 1685, 36 years after his father of the same name was beheaded by Oliver Cromwell?.;;Charles II
;;He spearheaded the introduction of innovative three-sided shot clocks in NBA games. In 1983, he co-founded MicroSolutions, while his most recent project is HDNet, an all-high-definition-television network. In 1999, Yahoo bought his venture Broadcast.com, giving him the time for his most famous hobby, in which he has gained fame for antics like serving as manager for a day at Dairy Queen. FTP, who is this owner of the Dallas Mavericks?.;;(Marc) Cuban
;;One of this novel's main characters is a man known as "the Russian" who aids the central character despite knowledge of his failings. As it opens, a discussion by five sailors aboard the Nellie prompts one to recount the story, which ends with his visit to the main character's fiancee, known only as the "Intended". After gaining a job for a Belgian trading company, Charlie Marlow travels deep into the Belgian Congo to retrieve the agent of a remote trading post who has gained god-like status among the natives. Kurtz is at the center of, FTP, what short novel by Joseph Conrad?.;;Heart of Darkness
;;Usually, the first evidence of this disease is the onset of meconium ileus in newborns. It is associated with the gene Delta 508 and sufferers can now expect to reach young adulthood using treatments directed at preventing lung diseases. It is diagnosed by testing for high levels of sodium and chloride in the sweat. FTP, what is this inherited exocrine disease marked by thick releases of mucus from the glands?.;;cystic fibrosis
;;As the character Sid in the film Sleep With Me, he delivered a speech about the homosexual theme hidden in Top Gun. A 2005 release is planned for his next effort, the WWII action film Inglorious Bastards. He got his start with the 1987 film My Best Friend's Birthday, but he is better known for later directorial efforts like Jackie Brown. FTP, who is this director of Reservoir Dogs, Pulp Fiction and Kill Bill?.;;(Quentin) Tarantino
;;This former lieutenant governor of Ohio lost the governor's race in 1910, but six years later was the keynote speaker at the Republican convention. He was nominated for president as a dark horse after a deadlock between Frank Lowden and Leonard Wood. Later, events like the Alien Property Custodian scandal and the Teapot Dome scandal revealed the corruption of his administration. FTP, who was this man who promised a "return to normalcy" while winning the 1920 election?.;;(Warren) (Gamaliel) Harding
;;In order for it to be meaningful physically, it usually must satisfy boundary conditions, including that it be finite and that the integral over all space of the square of its amplitude must equal one. The idea of atomic and molecular orbitals arises from Born's assertion that the probability of finding a particle in a specified position is proportional to the square of the amplitude. Often symbolized psi, FTP, what are these solutions to the Schrodinger equation?.;;wave functions
;;Its title character is always referred to by his last name, even as a child. He fulfills a prophecy that he will be the downfall of his parents, as he commits a careless action that results in his father's death.  At different points in this novel, the main character works as a pundit's apprentice, sign painter, and rum shop employee.  He eventually enters the Tulsi family via marriage and his attempts to escape, aided by an unsuccessful carpenter, fail to work.  FTP, identify this novel by V.S. Naipaul whose titular image symbolizes independence.;;(A) House for Mr(.) Biswas
;;This country's landmarks include the Erg du Tenere, and much of its eastern region is occupied by the Tenere Desert.  The Air Mountains are located in the center of this nation, and the Sahel cuts through its southern border.  Major cities include Maradi and Zinder in the south, and Arlit, Agadaz, and Tahoua in the northwest.  It is bordered in the southeast by Lake Chad and in the north by Algeria and Libya. Niamey is the capital of, for 10 points, what country whose southwestern tip is intersected by its namesake river.;;Niger
;;This CD is filled with Beatles references, including "Sing a song for me/One from Let It Be" in the title track, "Get on the Helter Skelter" in Fade In-Out, and the song title Magic Pie.  The disc ends with the upbeat All Around the World and It's Getting Better (Man!), a change from the introspective and slightly irritated My Big Mouth and D'You Know What I Mean.  FTP, identify this follow-up to (What's the Story) Morning Glory, the third CD made by Oasis.;;Be Here Now
;;Union generals Wadsworth and Hays and Confederate general Stafford were killed at this battle. It began with the meeting of the Union V corps and Ewell's corps on the Orange Turnpike, and ended when Longstreet was injured by his own men in Hamilton's Thicket. It began the Overland Campaign that would continue across Virginia through Spotsylvania and Cold Harbor. The site of the Battle of Chancellorsville gave the two armies a rematch in, for 10 points, what battle of May 5-7, 1864 that is named for the thick forest in which it was fought?.;;(Battle) (of) (the) Wilderness
;;Mr. Beebe watches the main character play the piano in the place that contains the title location.  Later, a search for the chaplain Mr. Eager results in a chance romantic encounter that is rebuked by the main character's cousin Charlotte.  After a game of tennis in Surrey, a book from Miss Lavish is read by the annoying Cecil Vyse, thereby revealing the account of a secret kiss between George Emerson and Lucy Honeychurch.  FTP, identify this novel by E.M. Forester that whose title refers to something one ought to have on one's first trip to Florence.;;(A) Room with a View
;;In astronomy, this results in electron and neutron degeneracy, causing stars to collapse into white dwarfs and ultimately into neutron stars.  For the band theory of solids, this concept results in the idea of the Fermi level.  It does not hold for bosons, but the wave function would go to zero if it were not true for fermions.  Linked to the idea that all paired electrons must have opposite spin, FTP, name this law, which says that no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers.;;Pauli exclusion principle
;;After this man's retirement from the NBA, he became the manager of the Piston Packing Company.  He finished his career in the mid-90s with the Spurs and came into the league with the Supersonics, but he is far better known for serving as a sparkplug off the bench during the late 80s.  FTP, identify this man who wore number 15 for the Pistons, a streak shooter whose ability to heat up quickly led to his nickname, "The Microwave.".;;(Vinnie) Johnson
;;Numbers five and ten are saints: the former had previously been head of the Roman Inquisition, and the latter fought the "modernist" movement in the church and gave his name to a current sect of ultra-conservative Catholic schismatics. The Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception, the First Vatican Council and the Syllabus of Errors were all products of the record 32-year reign of number nine. The book Hitler's Pope says a lot of mean things about the wartime activities of the twelfth pope to choose, for 10 points, what name that one would hope applied to all popes?.;;Pius
;;In Plutarch's Parallel Lives he was compared to Coriolanus. His father Cleinias was killed at the Battle of Coronaea. He was eventually killed by Pharnabazus with the connivance of Lysander after winning at Cyzicus. A bizzare incident of blasphemous vandalism resulted in his being exiled from Athens immediately before the start of the Sicilian Expedition, which he had supported. Thucydides claimed Athens could have won the Peloponnesian War if they had still had the services of, for 10 points, what general who is portrayed as a friend of Socrates in Plato's Symposium as well as the dialogue that bears his name?.;;Alcibiades
;;Fossilized tracks from this dinosaur were purportedly found in Sucre, Bolivia in 1996.  Named by Barnum Brown, its fossils have also been found in Montana and Alberta.  It was the largest member of the superfamily that included Acanthopholis, Hylaeosaurus, and Sauropelta.  Living at the end of the Cretaceous Period, it ate low-lying plants and fought off attacks with a club-like tail.  FTP, identify this dinosaur whose top side was armored with bony plates.;;Ankylosaurus
;;In 1970 he published Inside the Third Reich, in which he exposed many of the personal rivalries within Hitler's government. By 1945, he was trying to interfere with Hitler's orders to destroy German industry before defeat, but for 1943 and 1944 he had increased production levels in the face of Allied bombing as virtual head of the whole German economy. Lots of ugly monumental architecture and the choreography of the Nuremberg rallies were all products of, for 10 points, what favorite architect of Hitler's, who got twenty years at the Nuremberg trials.;;(Albert) Speer
;;Her more forgettable roles include a part in 1981's Charlie Chan and the Curse of the Dragon Queen the female lead in Grease 2. She appeared to be doing more coke than anyone except Tony Montana himself when she played opposite Al Pacino in Scarface. She also starred with him in Frankie and Johnny. Titania in A Midsummer Night's Dream and Madame de Tourvel in Dangerous Liaisons are the more literary roles of, for 10 points, what actress who also appeared in One Fine Day, Dangerous Minds and The Age of Innocence.;;(Michelle) Pfeiffer
;;The first federal project to build locks and a dam on this body of water took place at Davis Island in 1885.  The last of the now-antiquated dams was replaced with Hannibal Lock and Dam in 1975.  Called "La Belle Riviere" by the French, its current name comes from the Iroquois, who used the same name for the Allegheny. Fort Defiance, just outside of Cairo, Ill. marks the confluence with the Mississippi of, for 10 points, what river that is formed from the Allegheny and Monongahela in Pittsburgh and marks the southern boundary of its namesake state.;;Ohio (River)
;;In the Odyssey, Homer states that the horses that pull her chariot are Lampos and Phaethon.  She was cursed with nymphomania after she slept in the same bed with Ares, and she kidnapped Clitus, Tithonus, and Ganymede to be her lovers, and gave birth to Emathion and Memnon.  The mother of the winds and all the stars by her husband, Aeolus, this daughter of Hyperion and Theia used her "rosy fingers" to allow her brother, Helios, to ride across the sky.  FTP, name this Greek goddess of the dawn.;;Eos
;;The standard set in Memoirs v. Massachusetts was replaced by a less stringent one in this case.  Justice Douglas's dissenting opinion argued that the appellant was not given "fair warning" of arrest.  Burger's majority opinion set forth a three-pronged test which includes applying "contemporary community standards" to materials and questioning whether said materials have "serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value."  FTP, name this 1973 Supreme Court case which set current standards for defining when First Amendment protection should not apply to "obscene" materials.;;Miller (v(.)) (California)
;;He never bothers to think about his wife, Mary Burton, and is eventually given twenty pounds, a new outfit, and passage to Lisbon.  Earlier, he met Lord Munodi and was taken on a tour of Lagado, whose inhabitants attempt to procure sunbeams from cucumbers.  His trials included almost being eaten by a giant rat, being shot with poison arrows, and being kidnapped by pirates.  He is more famous, however, for his journeys to Brobdingnag and Liliput.  FTP, identify this main character of a novel by Jonathan Swift.;;(Lemuel) Gulliver
;;The opening movement, titled "Dreams, Passions" is a largo in C minor. This is followed by the waltz "A Ball" and the adagio "Scene in the Fields," where an oboe and English horn play the antiphonal Shepherd's Duet. Written from the point of view of a suicidal man who attempts to overdose on opiates, its most famous sections are the hallucinatory "March to the Scaffold" and "Dream of the Witches' Sabbath". FTP, name this work inspired by Harriet Smithson and written by Hector Berlioz.;;Symphonie Fantastique(:) (Episode) (de) (la) (vie) (d'un) (Artiste(.)(.)(.)en) (cinq) (parties(,)) (H(.)) (48) (Op(.)) (14)
;;Graphite comes close to achieving the properties of this type of object, but no real-world material of this kind has been discovered.  The radiation curve of one can be approximated by the Rayleigh-Jeans law for large wavelengths and by Wien's law for short wavelengths.  Hypothetically, one would emit an infinite amount of radiation consisting of every possible wavelength of light.  Accurate representations of their behavior include a star or a furnace with a small open door.  FTP, identify this type of ultra-effective absorber whose investigation by Max Planck paved the way to quantum theory.;;Black Body
;;They belonged to a legal category of pronouncements of the crown that have the force of law unless superseded by Act of Parliament. They were issued on Jan. 7 and Nov. 11, 1807 as an answer to Napoleon's Berlin Decrees. They were replaced in 1812 by decrees directed specifically at Holland, France and Italy, but by then it was too late to prevent war. A major cause of the War of 1812 was, for 10 points, what set of English decrees designed to prevent neutral nations from trading with Napoleon's Europe.;;(The) Orders in Council
;;One of the main characters sends a letter to Mrs. Podtochina blaming her for the behavior of the title character, who had encountered him in a church but claimed not to recognize him and had claimed to be involved in science, whereas he was a civil servant. Collegiate Inspector Kovalev does in fact at the end recover the title character, who had turned up suddenly inside a breakfast roll at the face of his barber Yakovlev. For 10 points, name this short story by Gogol that deals with a facial feature of unusually independent disposition.;;(The) Nose
;;One of its parks contains a monument to Dr. James Curtis Hepburn, who came up with a system of Romanizing the language spoken there. Its old foreign quarter is known as the Bund, although this city's formal trading advantages were abolished in 1899. Isezaki-cho is a main street of this place that was a village in 1859 but grew to a major trading city after Matthew Perry forced the central government to accept foreign trade. The capital of the Kanagawa prefecture is, for 10 points, what largest port and second largest city in Japan.;;Yokohama
;;This intracellular second messenger is kept at very low concentrations in the cytosol and is stored in the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotes.  It's the positive ion that binds to the protein Calmodulin which activates various protein kinases.  Osteoclasts release it from the bones when it's running low in the body. FTP, identify this element which is abundant in Tums and in milk, and whose atomic number is 20.;;Calcium
;;His background as a Catholic priest did not prevent his nation's leading bishop from calling for him to step down, while his former American benefactors have condemned his use of militias to stay in power.  Chosen to be his nation's first democratically elected leader in 1990, he is now seeking to run the country without a sitting parliament.  FTP name this Haitian leader.;;(Jean(-)Bertrand) Aristide
;;He is the son of Jewish shopkeepers, and he was born with the surname Hecht, which he changed in the 1960s. His first try for leadership was scuttled by Ann Widdecombe's much-ridiculed comment that "there is something of the night about him." He became shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer after William Hague assumed leadership.  He was the beneficiary of a no-confidence vote held by the Council of 1922.  For ten points, name this new leader of Britain's Conservative Party.;;(Michael) Howard
;;In the original novel, the last chapter shows a group of children who don't believe that the story they have just heard could be true because of its human protagonist.  The 2001 film version holds truer to the novel's ending, but the most famous ending associated with this title involves a caution about possible Cold War escalation.  For ten points, what is this Pierre Boulle novel and 1968 film whose ending features Charlton Heston happening upon a half-buried Statue of Liberty on the beach?.;;Planet of the Apes
;;A cash register adds a splotch of gray to the left side, which is very dimly lit in comparison to the right, where the woman's red dress and hair are the most colorful thing in the whole painting. An ad for Phillies cigars is the only writing, and touches of shiny metal come from salt shakers, napkin holders and two big coffee urns in, for 10 points, what scene of three customers and a counterman in a late-night diner, painted by Edward Hopper?.;;Night Hawks
;;The name's the same.  The first was passed in 1536 and ended the Statute of Rhuddlan.  The final one in 1840 abolished the legislatures of Upper and Lower Canada.  The second one in 1707 was passed both to establish superiority of the Act of Settlement rather than the Act of Security. The most famous one abolished Grattan's Parliament, inspired Emmet's Revolt and caused Pitt the Younger's resignation over Catholic Empancipation. Daniel O'Connell held meetings of hundreds of thousands of Irishmen to demand the repeal of, for 10 points, what legislation of 1801 that changed the constitutional status of Ireland?.;;Act of Union
;;This red main sequence dwarf was discovered in 1916 and can be seen in the constellation Ophiuchus.  It is quite an ordinary star with 16% the mass and 1/2500 the luminosity of the sun.  In fact, it is barely visible from the earth, with an apparent magnitude of 9.56 and an absolute magnitude of 13.4.  However, this star is the second closest to the earth, after the triple star Alpha Centauri.  FTP, identify this star whose proximity to earth is one factor for it having the largest known proper motion of all stars.;;Barnard's Star
;;He was the first rector at the University of Leipsic. His Quaestio Magistri was adapted almost literally from another contemporary work, De Ecclesia. Subsequent followers were known as Utraquists and the more radical Taborites.  The later would be directly involved in the Defenestration of Prague. He was excommunicated for insubordination concerning the Great Schism.  John Wyclif's writings turned the head of, for 10 points, what Bohemian proto-Protestant who was burned at the Council of Constance?.;;(John) Hus
;;The main character is called to serve on a jury, and recognizes the woman on trial for murder as a girl he seduced many years ago, Maslova.  When she is found guilty due to a legal error - the jury does not separate intent to kill from the actual act - the main character blames himself as the cause of her downfall and vows to reform his life.  For ten points, what is this novel of Leo Tolstoy, based on a story Tolstoy read in the newspaper, whose main character is Prince Nekhlyudov, the title of which refers to the change that occurs in his state of life?.;;Resurrection
;;One of the first examples of biography in Greek literature is this man's speech in praise of King Evagoras of Cyprus. He died by self-starvation in 338 after Chaeronea and the subsequent Peace of Demades left him disillusioned about Philip of Macedon. Although he joins Lysias and Demosthenes as one of the greatest Attic orators, he had no speaking ability and never delivered his speeches. The Panegyricus of 380 took ten years of work by, for 10 points, what Athenian who spent his whole long life advocating Greek unity and war against Persia.;;Isocrates
;;The first operational model was built in 1954 at Columbia, although they can be found naturally as well.  They can be used as high precision frequency references in things such as atomic clocks.  The first model used stimulated emission in a stream of energized ammonia molecules to produce amplification of microwaves at a frequency of 24 gigahertz.  FTP, name this device designed by Charles Townes, who won a 1964 Nobel Prize for his work on it and which was the precursor to the LASER.;;Microwave Amplification (by) Stimulated Emission (of) Radiation|MASER
;;It premiered in 1947 with Jessica Tandy as the female lead and Karl Malden as Mitch, the role he would also play in the movie. The male lead is much concerned with the Napoleonic Code, under which he shares his wife's interest in the Belle Reve property that her sister appears to have squandered. The title object goes to Elysian Fields and the home  of Stella and Stanley Kowalski in, for 10 points, what play by Tennessee Williams?.;;(A) Streetcar Named Desire
;;Sick Little Bacchus may be a self-portrait of this native Lombard who, according to biographer Giulio Mancini, moved to Rome at age 20 and stayed there until 1606, four years before his death. His first major public commission was from Matteo Contarelli, who wanted the church of San Luigi dei Francesi decorated with scenes from the life of his own namesake saint. in one of which the saint is disturbed in his work of collecting taxes. For 10 points, name this painter of The Calling of St. Matthew, Supper at Emmaus and Judith Beheading Holofernes.;;Caravaggio|(Michelangelo) Merisi
;;Jeanne Chall promoted it in the 1960s as more consistently successful than alternatives including Horace Mann's "whole-word" approach. It can be taught in the classroom and at home using word games and tapes. It focuses on letter-sound correlations and how they combine into words. Yo' mama  is so dumb that she had to go into rehab because she got hooked on, for 10 points, what method of inflicting reading upon small children?.;;phonics (no(,)) (not) (phonetics(,)) (phonics)
;;A practicing Baptist preacher, his escape from a Massachusetts prison in the 1980s has led to any number of conspiracy theories in his native land.  After returning home to overthrow the government of Samuel Doe, his 1997 election was driven by fears that he'd continue his insurgency if defeated.  FTP name this indicted war criminal and former strongman of Liberia.;;(Charles) Taylor
;;Hazlitt said that "of all the poets, he is the most poetical." Coleridge thought he had an "imaginative fancy" rather than real imagination, although the character of Talus was pretty good. Daphnaida and Complaints earned him an annual pension of 50 pounds. Colin Clout is a main character in his Shepheardes Calendar, while he was chasing Elizabeth Boyle when he wrote Amoretti, which consists of 88 of his trademark sonnets. For 10 points, name this man who turned Queen Elizabeth into Gloriana in his allegorical epic The Faerie Queen.;;(Edmund) Spenser
;;Geoffrey of Monmouth has him seducing his aunt by marriage while his uncle is campaigning in Gaul, and he proceeds to make peace with the forces his uncle had crushed at Badon. In later versions, he plots with Agravain to reveal the adultery of the woman who is now his stepmother, since he his now supposed to be a product of incest between the king and his half-sister Morgause. The final battle of Camlan sees the death of both Arthur and, for 10 points, what villain who plots to destroy the Round Table?.;;Mordred|Modred|(even) Medraut
;;One side moved up to a position on Senlac Ridge from the town that gives the battle its name. The other side's 7,500 men had been camped on Caldbec Hill, perhaps in hope of a surprise attack of the kind that, three weeks earlier and 260 miles to the north, had allowed them to pummel Harald Hadrada's Norwegians. A chance arrow put the defending commander out of action in, for 10 points, what battle of 1066 in which William's Norman's ended Saxon rule of England?.;;(The) (Battle) (of) Hastings
;;The original publisher, John Wiley, pulled out of this 1847 work, even though the author had removed some material after some readers of this book's predecessor complained about his portrayal of missionaries. Captain Bob is a kindly jailer in Papeetee and Doctor Long Ghost is the narrator's companion, in for 10 points, what sequel to Typee, where Herman Melville continues the story of his misadventures in the South Seas?.;;Omoo
;;A Williamson ether synthesis proceeds via this mechanism.  Other reactions that follow this mechanism are the reactions of phosphorus tribromide (PBr3) with alcohols and methoxide ion with methyl bromide.  The incoming molecule or ion does a backside attack on the substrate, which results in an inversion of stereochemistry.  Consequently, primary substrates react faster than tertiary substrates.  FTP, identify this reaction mechanism which has a single transition state involving both reacting molecules and whose name is short for Substitution-Nucleophile-2.;;SN2 (reaction) (mechanism)
;;She correctly deduces that a portrait of Mary Magdalene in the church of Sant'Andrea della Valle is based on the Marchesa Attavanti, which sends her into a jealous rage. She reveals the hiding place of Angelotti after she is made to hear her lover Mario Cavaradossi being tortured on the orders of Baron Scarpia, whom she eventually murders after singing the aria "Vissi d'Arte." A long jump off of the Castel Sant'Angelo is the last act of, for 10 points, what singer who is the title character of a Puccini opera?.;;Tosca
;;Its islands include Ushkany and Olkhon and it is fed by the Chikoy, Selenga and Barguzin rivers. The majority of the species inhabiting it are endemic to it, including the golomyanka fish, which bears live young, and a species of seal called Phoca sibirica. It has relatively mild winters for its location, with average air temperatures of six below zero fahrenheit. The Anagar river carries water into the Yenisey from, for 10 points, what oldest and deepest lake in the world, which is located in the ass end of Siberia.;;(Lake) Baikal
;;Members of this phylum are radially or biradially symmetric and have a gastroventricular cavity, known as the coelenteron [see-LEN-tuhr-ahn] , which has a single opening which serves as a mouth and anus.  Organisms belonging to this phylum can also exist as two basic body forms: free-swimming medusae and sessile polyps.  What distinguishes members of this phylum is that their tentacles have specialized cells which bear stinging structures called nematocytes.  FTP, identify this phylum whose members include hydra, corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish.;;Cnidaria
;;The abstinence theory of it defines it as a reward for not consuming. Time-preference and productivity theories, such as Bohm-Bawerk's, stress the superior value of present goods to future ones, which means that people need a reward if they're going to do things that are productive but take time. Keyes' view was that people will naturally prefer cash to, for example, bonds, which is why they need to receive, for 10 points, what form of return on investment whose charging is still against the law in some Islamic countries?.;;interest
;;He seemed pretty unlikely in the role of a warmongering would-be presidential assassin in Murder at 1600. He works better in Neil Simon roles, including in California Suite and the title role in Jake's Women. It's a fair bet, however, that he'll always be most famous for the role he played opposite first Wayne Rogers and then Mike Farrell as Trapper and B.J. respectively. For 10 points, name this actor who played Hawkeye Pierce on TV's M.A.S.H.;;(Alan) Alda
;;It involved two sieges of Namur, and French victories included Fleurus, Steinkeerke and Neerwinden. The idea was to take advantage the Emperor Leopold's preoccupation with fighting the Turks and increase French influence in Germany. The French suffered a major naval defeat against the English and Dutch at La Hougue and in 1697 the Treaty of Rijswijk (RIZZ-ik) ended, for 10 points, what rather pointless European war that pitted Louis XIV against William of Orange and the title alliance?.;;(The) War of the League of Augsburg|(the) War of the Grand Alliance
;;Its middle phase owed a lot to Diogenes of Babylon, as well as Hecaton, Posidonius and Panaetius, the last of whom wrote a treatise that was the basis of Cicero's De Officiis. Chrysippus is a famous early figure, but most of the writings we have are from centuries later, especially those of Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius and Seneca the Younger. Zeno of Citium founded, for 10 points, what philosophical school largely opposed to the Epicureans and whose name has become synonymous with rigid self-control in the face of both suffering and good fortune.;;Stoicism
;;Its name comes from the Greek word for marble, and one of the island groups in this sea is rich in sources of marble.  Among the cities on its shores are Gebze, Bandirma, and Izmit, and other islands in it include the Princes' Islands, named because they were used as places of exile for inconvenient relatives of Byzantine emperors. The Bosporus and Dardanelles are the end points of, for 10 points, what sea that connects the Mediterranean and Black Seas?.;;Sea of Marmara
;;This graduate of Transylvania University moved to Missouri after his father's mining company went bankrupt. Later he helped suppress the Fredonian rebellion, for which he was created an impresario by Emperor Iturbide. After he failed to negotiate the terms of the San Felipe Convention, the settlers that he attracted began their war of independence. For 10 points, name this man, who after his death in 1836 gave his name to the capital of the state to which he helped attract the first settlers from the U.S.;;(Stephen) (Fuller) Austin
;;It was originally thought to be a kind of Swine Flu, and Gerald Ford started a national immunization program against that disease. However, this possibility was soon excluded, and theories ranged from nickel carbonyl intoxication and viral pneumonia to conspiracies against the American veterans. FTP, name this disease, whose first known outbreak was at a convention at the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia in July 1976.;;Legionnaire's (Disease)
;;His "Lambach" symphony was presented to that abbey, at which he stopped on his way back from an unsuccesful attempt to get his opera La finta semplice (sem-PLEE-chay) performed. His famous flute and harp concerto dates from a period in Paris, for which his Symphony 31 is named. Symphony 38 is named for Prague, where his greatest operas saw their first success. The title location of his 41st, or "Jupiter," symphony was never visited by, for 10 points, what composer of The Marriage of Figaro?.;;(Johann) (Chrysostom) (Wolfgang) (Amadeus) Mozart
;;This poem is broken into five short sections, the third of which begins "This is the dead land. This is the cactus land." The last one begins with a children's song and then alternates a line from the Lord's Prayer with stanzas ending "Falls the Shadow." A traditional Guy Fawkes' day request and a line from Heart of Darkness open, for 10 points, what poem of T.S. Eliot in which the world ends "not with a bang but a whimper.".;;(The) Hollow Men
;;The main symbol of this religion is composed of the letter "S", an upper triangle whose sides represent  knowledge, responsibility and control and a lower triangle which represents affinity, reality and communication. The concept of the soul is replaced by that of the "thetan" for which one's brain and body are simply  means of communication. For 10 points, name this wacky cult-like religion founded by L. Ron Hubbard whose members include Tom Cruise.;;Scientology
;;His later positions included First Sea Lord in the 1950s and Lord Lieutenant of the Isle of Wight. He was in command of the 14th Imperial Army in 1945 when he kicked the Japanese out of Southeast Asia, but he held his most famous position for only five months in 1947, after which he lived for more than thirty years before being assassinated by the IRA. For 10 points, name this cousin of King George VI and last British Viceroy of India.;;(Louis) Mountbatten(,) (1st) (Earl(,)) (Viscount) (Mountbatten) (Of) (Burma(,)) (Baron) (Romsey) (Of) (Romsey)
;;or.;;(Louis) (Francis) (Albert) (Victor) (Nicholas(,)) (Prince) (Of) Battenberg
;;Some of his short pieces are collected in Misreadings, including rejection slips for the Odyssey and Don Quixote as well as "Industry and Sexual Repression in a Po Valley Society," a report by a Melanesian anthropologist on the author's native Milan. His fictional Milanese characters include Colonel Ardenti, who has a very improbably story about Freemasons and Templars that he tells to Diotallevi, Belbo and Casaubon. For 10 points, name this semiotician and author of Foucault's Pendulum and The Name of the Rose.;;(Umberto) Eco
;;It is probably its creator's earliest surviving masterpiece, and may have had something to do with a marriage in the Aurelio and Bagaretto families, whose arms are depicted. It is not entirely clear why Cupid is reaching into the middle of the marble structure on which the title figures are seated. The first title character is the naked one with the crimson cloak in, for 10 points, what allegory that hangs in the Villa Borghese and was painted in 1514 by Titian?.;;Sacred and Profane Love|Amor Sacro e Profano
;;Until 1947 it was divided among the Ningxia [ning-shah], Suiyuan, and Chahar provinces, but at that point it became the first autonomous region created by the Communist government.  Its capital is at Hohhot, and it now contains four times as many Hans as members of its namesake ethnic group, although Chinese settlement was minimal for three centuries after it was annexed by the Manchu dynasty.  FTP what is this region that includes Genghis Khan's tomb and most of China's northern border?.;;Inner Mongolia
;;When he retired his estate was used to create the New York Public Library.  Although a delegate to the 1848 Free-Soil Convention, he did not join the new Republican Party. He was a wealthy railroad lawyer who gained national attention by opposing the Tweed and Canal Rings, enough to get him 184 electoral votes to the other guy's 165 before the south was counted. For 10 points, name this New York Governor who lost the 1876 presidential election to Rutherford B. Hayes by one electoral vote.;;(Samuel) Tilden
;;This recently converted Catholic now teaches at Ave Maria, a Catholic law school started by Domino Pizza founder Tom Monaghan. His latest book Coercing Virtue joins The Tempting of America and Slouching toward Gomorrah. When both Williams Ruckleshaus and Elliot Richardson refused to fire Archibald Cox, Richard Nixon turned to, for 10 points, what then solicitor general whom an unusually intelligent Senate prevented in 1987 from wreaking havoc as a Supreme Court justice.;;(Robert) Bork
;;As a forward he averaged 17.4 points per game in his 11 seasons after graduating from the University of Michigan.  He is in his 33rd year with the same franchise; as a head coach he had a 432-304 record and two NBA championships before resigning in 2003.  After his playing career finished, he suffered from well-publicized bouts of alcoholism and depression.  This man is, FTP, which Houston Rocket who famously had his jaw fractured in a fight with Kermit Washington?.;;(Rudy) Tomjanovich
;;(Note for playtesting: This question appears to be uncertain as to whether Tomjanovich is actually currently coaching the Rockets or not.)     12. It was integrated into a technique of therapy in the 1950s and 60s by Fritz Perls. Its approach focuses on the way people solve problems based on certain mental laws that allow human beings to turn sensory data into discrete wholes. The "principles" of this type of psychology were outlined by Kurt Koffka. Wolfgang Kohler and Max Wertheimer were among other pioneers of, for 10 points, what school of psychology whose name is a German word for "form" or "shape"?.;;Gestalt (psychology)
;;It starts out flowing southwest from Lake Otsego through Oneonta and Binghamton, but immediately after crossing state lines it turns through 90 degrees and is going southeast by the time it hits Wilkes-Barre. It is named for an Indian tribe that dominated the Delawares for most of the 17th Century. Harrisburg is the largest city on, for 10 points, what river whose mouth is the northern tip of the Chesapeake Bay?.;;Susquehanna (River)
;;In 1959, this current professor at Boston University founded a theater group that produced many of his early plays. Poetry collections include his debut 25 Poems, 1962's In a Green Night and 2000's Tiepolo's Hound. He got an Obie in 1971 for Dream on Monkey Mountain. For 10 points, name this native of St. Lucia in the West Indies and recipient of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Literature.;;(Derek) Walcott
;;This holiday is significant to Sikhs who celebrate the release of Hargobind Singh Ji in 1620.  It is also significant to the Jain, who celebrate the establishment of the dharma by Lord Mahavira.  Hindus celebrate the destruction of two evil forces-Ravana, who was slain by Rama, and Narakasura.  This is, FTP, what Hindu festival of lights that is celebrated for five days in October or November?.;;Diwali
;;The heroine's aria "Ritorna vincitor!" [ree-TOHR-nuh vin-chee-TOHR] tells of her conflict over whether to root for her homeland or her lover in a coming war. Her father Amonasro later comes back as a captive and they both escape, but she comes back at the end to be buried alive with Radames. A rousing brassy triumphal march is another highlight of, for 10 points, what opera by Verdi that was commissioned by the Khedive of Egypt and whose title character is a princess of Ethiopia.;;Aida
;;The second half of his rule was notably more liberal than the first, since by 1860 his war with Austria and trade treaty with England both shook the popularity that had allowed him to gain the throne by winning a plebiscite by a 10 to 1 margin in 1851. His power had just been confirmed by another plebiscite in 1870 when he managed to get himself captured after the French defeat at Sedan. For 10 points, name this founder of the Second French Empire.;;Napoleon III|Louis(-)Napoleon
;;During the Forties he starred in films of Shaw's Major Barbara, Noel Coward's Blithe Spirit and his first American picture Anna and the King of Siam. He played Pope Julius II in The Agony and the Ecstasy and Julius Caesar in Cleopatra, but it was by singing about being "an ordinary man" that, for 10 points, what British actor got to star opposite Audrey Hepburn and play Henry Higgins in My Fair Lady?.;;(Rex) Harrison|(Reginald) Carey
;;This molecule has two classes of G-protein-coupled receptors, alpha and beta, and acts through secondary messenger systems.  Produced from the amino acid tyrosine, it is synthesized in the CNS almost entirely within the locus ceruleus, and it is thought that this monoamine plays a crucial role in regulating wakefulness and sleep stages. In the PNS, it is a major part of the autonomic nervous system.  FTP, this is what catecholamine that serves as both a neurotransmitter and short term stress response hormone?.;;norepinephrine|noradrenaline
;;The school he founded in 1901 at Santiniketan still exists as the Visva-Bharati university. His novels include The Wreck and The Home and the World. Ezra Pound gave him a rave review and W.B. Yeats wrote him an adulatory introduction when his poetry was first translated into English from his native Bengali. The words to India's national anthem and the epic poem Gitanjali are among the works of, FTP, what first Asian to win a Nobel Prize in literature?.;;(Rabindranath) Tagore
;;He died at Bethar after a campaign of extermination by Julius Severus. It is not clear whether he ever captured the city the Romans subsequently named Aelia Captiolina. A prophecy in Numbers was supposedly taken by Rabbi Akivah as referring to, for 10 points, what "Son of the Star" who in A.D. 131 led the second major Jewish revolt against Roman rule.;;(Simeon) Bar Kochba|Bar Kozeba
;;Though first conceived during the author's study of Italy, this concept was quickly extended to the United States in a paper titled "Bowling Alone."  Its importance has been downplayed by some, such as Theda Skocpol, who see it as too localized a phenomenon to explain social changes in America.  FTP, what is this two-word term used by Robert Putnam to describe all types of community connections that contribute to economic or political development?.;;Social Capital
;;It is technically defined as a "personal prelature," which means that it reports directly to the Congregation of Bishops rather than local parishes and dioceses. Its slogan in the U.S. is "finding God in work and daily life," and its members have included several of Franco's ministers in Spain as well as noted U.S. spy Robert Hanssen. A record-speed canonization was Josemaria Escrivano's reward for founding, for 10 points, what cult-like lay Catholic movement that features prominently in Dan Brown's The Da Vinci Code?.;;Opus Dei
;;The Australian version was founded in part by Billy Hughes, who split from it during World War I over the issue of conscription. The English version's leaders at various times have included Ernest Bevin, Michael Foot, Kier Hardie and Neil Kinnock. Prime Ministers Jim Callaghan, Harold Wilson, Clement Attlee and Ramsay MacDonald all came from, for 10 points, what party currently in power under Tony Blair?.;;Labor (Party)
;;This favorite poem of Huey Long was written in 1875 after the poet went through a medical crisis. Its author edited a famous edition of Robert Burns and published early works of Kipling and Hardy. This four-stanza poem deals chiefly with the narrator's stoic defiance of everything that "the fell clutch of circumstance" can wreak upon him. Immediately before being executed, Timothy McVeigh quoted, for 10 points, what poem by Ernest Henley that ends "I am the master of my fate. I am the captain of my soul.".;;Invictus
;;This type of radiation is the main source of X-rays produced by medical X-ray tubes and  is often produced as a result of the interaction of beta particles with radiation shielding.  It is produced by the deceleration of a charged particle when passing through a field of atomic nuclei and is characterized by a continuous spectrum.  For 10 points - give this type of secondary radiation whose name in German means "braking radiation.".;;Bremsstrahlung
;;It originated as a movie script presented to Steven Spielberg, but got shelved when the director decided to use another by the same author.  It won the People's Choice Award as Favorite Television Dramatic Series in each of its first 8 years on NBC, starting in 1994 with John Wells, Jack Orman, and Michael Crichton as executive producers and a cast including Sherry Stringfield, Anthony Edwards, Eriq LaSalle, and George Clooney.  FTP what's the name of this medical drama?.;;ER
;;Although it can reach 660 degrees Fahrenheit before degrading, its byproducts include trifluoroacetic acid, and perfluoro-octanoic acid, whose resistance to breakdown led to 3M's phasing out many Scotchguard products.  Primarily used to insulate cables and wires, it is a white, rubbery, extremely unreactive fluorinated version of the world's most common artificial polymer, polyethylene.  FTP name this non-stick coating.;;Teflon|polytetrafluoroethylene