;;One of this poet's works sourly concludes that even at their best, women are "but mummy possessed."  Another of his works concludes more optimistically that as princes get new taxes in times of action and don't remit them in peace, no winter shall abate the spring's increase of his love.  Then again, in a more pessimistic mood he concluded that a woman who is true when you write a letter will be false before the reader comes "to two, or three"; that poem begins by inviting anyone who searches for a "true" and "fair" woman to "get with child a mandrake root" or "go and catch a falling star."  FTP, name this author who expressed various opinions about women in his Songs and Sonnets, which also includes "The Good-Morrow" and "A Valediction Forbidding Mourning.".;;(John) Donne
;;In the second part of one of his books, this author considered distributions occasioned by the "division of landed property," by "commerce," and by "personal services and unproductive consumers" as three means of "increasing the exchangeable value of the whole produce."  The first part of that book by this author discussed the "nature, causes, and measures of value" in the course of a consideration of the "principles of political economy."  In his best-known book, this man offered a "short review" of the "savage or hunter state" before noting that the "sorrows of life" are "necessary to soften and humanize the heart," which follows several chapters discussing conjectures of Condorcet and Godwin.  FTP, name this thinker whose 1798 Essay on the Principle of Population argues that the increase in population will exceed the increase in food supply, which just can't be good.;;(Thomas) Malthus
;;His brother was a furniture designer who also worked as his model, as seen in works like Bust of Diego.  He created what appears to be a rib cage with feelers attached in his Woman With Her Throat Cut, while a woman holds her hands over her breasts and has her ankles obscured by a rhombus of some sort in his Hands Holding the Void.  He worked with the Surrealists in Paris during the 1920s, when he produced works like Observing Head, before breaking with them and establishing his own distinctive style in works like The Forest.   FTP, name this Swiss sculptor best known for works like Chariot and Tall Figures which depict elongated people.;;(Alberto) Giacometti
;;His play A Lost Child's Fireflies caused controversy when it was produced with an all-black cast.  A character in one of this man's novels ties Hubert Ackley III in a race which he almost misses after being subjected to a lecture by Miss Hicks.  Another character in this man's work goes for a car ride with Diana Steed, only to discover on his return that William Grogan has died.  That novel features a boy named Homer Macaulay, but this author of The Adventures of Wesley Jackson and My Name Is Aram had more success with plays like My Heart's in the Highlands and the Pulitzer-winning The Time of Your Life.  FTP, name this Armenian-born author of The Human Comedy.;;(William) Saroyan
;;This term denotes a directed lower subset of a poset.  One approximation of this name sets the resistivity to zero, while another approximation of this name sets the thermal conductivity and viscosity to zero, so that the Navier-Stokes equation reduces to the Euler equation.  In the ring of integers, all of these sets generated by primes are maximal.  A field has no proper ones, and each one can be made the kernel of a ring homomorphism.  This term is also used to denote a solution that obeys Raoult's law, or a diffuse collection of elastically-colliding particles with no interaction forces and no volume.  FTP, give the term used to denote gases for which PV = nRT.;;ideal
;;It was carried out by a group which had been stationed at Fort Lyon, and the leader was following orders given by the man who founded Northwestern University before becoming a territorial governor, John Evans.  It was the major episode in a war which was sparked by a dispute over the terms of the Treaty of Fort Laramie.  As many as 200 people were killed, even though a white flag was raised at the outset by the Cheyenne leader, Black Kettle. FTP, name this event which took place on November 28, 1864, a massacre of Native Americans by soldiers led by John Chivington which took place on a tributary of the Arkansas River.;;(the) Sand Creek (Massacre)
;;Following the 2002 season, he was traded along with Ratko Varda and Brian Cardinal for a group of players which included Bobby Simmons and Hubert Davis.  In 2004, he was traded to his current team in a deal which also involved Christian Laettner and the draft rights to Devin Harris.  He was drafted after Antonio McDyess in 1995, one spot ahead of a college teammate who was taken fourth by the Bullets.  He started his career alongside Allen Iverson in Philadelphia, and played with Detroit before being traded for Rip Hamilton and with Washington before being traded to Dallas.  FTP, name this guard who played at North Carolina with Rasheed Wallace, a man who claims to have started the trend among NBA players of wearing tights.;;(Jerry) Stackhouse
;;Its final section begins with an anecdote about a "solitary English gentleman" wandering Jerusalem to elucidate such questions as the "line of division between the tribes of Benjamin and Judah."  Its first section notes that a man who was offered the post of sub-almoner to the Queen drew up an elaborate table for and against accepting the post, and after finding ten "negative reasons" decided to decline the offer.  The third of its four sections deals with a man who in 1828 accepted the headmastership of Rugby school, Thomas Arnold.  Also depicting Cardinal Manning, General Gordon, and Florence Nightingale, this is, FTP, what 1918 work of biography by Lytton Strachey?.;;Eminent Victorians
;;Vafthruthnir refers to this character as "Vingnir" in the Vafthruthnismol, and Grimnir claims that his home has 540 rooms in the Grimnismol.  He boasts of having thrown the eyes of the son of Alvaldi into the heavens, and of killing the stone-headed owner of Gullfaxi, in the Harbarthsljoth.  Grimnir states that the greatest home he has ever seen is this character's hall Bilskirnir, and Vafthruthnir mentions that both his sons will survive Ragnarok, and will share ownership of his most prized possession.  His chariot is drawn by Gap-Tooth and Tooth-Gnasher, a pair of magical goats.  FTP, name this husband of Sif, a son of Odin who wields the hammer Mjolnir.;;Thor
;;In bacteria, it modifies O2 of cytidine in the wobble position of isoleucine tRNA.  The first step in its degradation in the liver involves the formation of an adduct with alpha-ketoglutarate known as saccharopine.  In collagen, crosslinks can be formed by this amino acid and its hydroxylated derivative.  It is the substrate for ubiquitin ligase and for histone acetyltransferases.  In class I aldolases, this amino acid's side chain reacts with the enzyme substrate to make a Schiff base.  With a side chain consisting of an episilon-amino group, FTP identify this amino acid that, like histidine and arginine, has a basic side chain.;;lysine|Lys|K
;;In the opening scene, one character gets up after being unable to sleep and begins figuring his debts to such people as Pasias and Ameinias.  In the next scene, we learn that one character was studying the moon when a lizard shitted on his face, after which that character served ash to his comrades for dinner.  Characters in this work include Chaerephon, who complains of being "prematurely cremated" in the final scene, and a creditor who threatens to take another character to court.  It centers on a farmer named Strepsiades who sends his son Pheidippides to The Thinkery, a school run by Socrates.  FTP, name this comic play by Aristophanes.;;(The) Clouds|Nephelai
;;This man won an important victory at the battle of Andernach, where his rival Eberhard of Franconia was killed.  That battle was part of one of the revolts led by this man's younger brother Henry, who was eventually made duke of Bavaria.  This man assumed the title "king of the Lombards" after he invaded Italy to take his future wife Adelaide from Berengar of Ivrea, and went on to depose Pope John XII in 963, a year after he had been crowned in Rome.  FTP, name this duke of Saxony who defeated the Magyars at Lechfeld and ruled as Holy Roman Emperor until 973.;;Otto I|Otto the Great|Otto II of Saxony
;;For a system coupled to a heat bath, its expectation value is related to the Helmholtz free energy in the Gibbs-Bogoliubov inequality.  Its mean value is stationary in neighborhoods of its discrete eigenvalues, according to the Ritz theorem.  In classical mechanics, the Routhian is defined so that it behaves like this function on all cyclic coordinates.  The Rayleigh-Ritz theorem forms the basis for the variational method, in which its expectation value for a trial wave function gives an upper bound on the ground state energy.  Defined in classical mechanics as a function of generalized coordinates and conjugate momenta, FTP name this quantum mechanical operator which corresponds to total energy.;;Hamiltonian
;;He wrote about a young woman named Dreetta who wants to marry an Englishman but instead jumps to her death in his story "Puberty."  His better known stories include "The Man with the Flower in his Mouth" and "The Black Kid."  His second volume of poems, Pasqua di Gea, was dedicated to Jenny Schulz-Lander, whom he met while studying philology at Bonn.  He also wrote novels, such as 1904's The Late Mattia Pascal, but is better known for plays, such as Liola and Henry IV.  FTP, name this Italian author best known for Six Characters in Search of an Author.;;(Luigi) Pirandello
;;The first defense of this work was a pamphlet called Afterphilologie by the author's friend Ernst Rohde, which was a response to an attack on this work entitled Philology of the Future by Ulrich Wilamowitz-Moellendorff.  The foreword notes that this work's inspiration came as the "thunder of the battle of Worth was rolling over Europe," and asks such questions as "Is there a pessimism of strength?" and "Was Epicurus an optimist precisely because he was afflicted?"  After that "attempt at a self-criticism," this work features 25 chapters, the last ten of which consider the work of a contemporary composer to whom the work's preface is addressed.  Positing a dialectic between the "Apollinian" and "Dionysian," FTP, name this work whose original subtitle referred to the "spirit of music" from which the titular artistic genre arose, the first book by Friedrich Nietzsche.;;(The) Birth of Tragedy|(Die) Geburt der Tragodie
;;This man's brother captured the city of Calleva, and one of this man's sons completed the conquest of the Atrebates, prompting their leader Bericus to flee to a foreign court.  This man's son Adminius had earlier fled to that same court, but the army he was hoping would reinstate him devolved into a seashell-gathering expedition.  A battle with a force under Aulus Plautius saw the death of his son Togodumnus, after which another son, Caractacus, continued the fight against the invasion ordered by Claudius.  In Geoffrey of Monmouth's History of the Kings of Britain and Holinshed's Chronicles, Togodumnus and Caractacus are replaced by Guiderius and Arviragus.  FTP, name this king of the Catuvellauni, the title character of a Shakespeare play featuring Cloten and Imogen.;;Cymbeline|Cunobelinus
;;The "aesthetic dignity" of this work is the subject of the final essay in Erich Auerbach's Scenes from the Drama of European Literature.  That essay refers to the "gray misery" of a poem in which the author speaks of his soul as a "hateful cloister" in which he paces for all eternity like a "miserable monk."  Its first edition ended with a poem that mentions accursed sculptors who only hope that death will make their creations blossom; that edition was divided into five sections, including "Wine," "Revolt," and "Spleen and Ideal."  First appearing in 1857, FTP, name this collection whose preface addresses a "hypocrite reader," the best-known work of Charles Baudelaire.;;(The) Flowers of Evil|(Les) Fleurs du Mal
;;One dissenter in this decision quoted his own argument in Fitzgerald v. Porter Memorial Hospital, which dealt with certain "basic values" deemed "fundamental."  The chief justice wrote a concurring opinion which cited a text by one D. Bailey on the "western Christian tradition" and noted that the state had passed the statute in question in 1816.  The opinion by Justice White noted that the courts would be "very busy indeed" if a certain group of laws were to be invalidated under the Due Process Clause, and concluded that the appeal to the decision in Stanley was invalid.  The statute in question was finally overturned in 1998's Powell decision, and this case's result was reversed in Lawrence v. Texas.  FTP, name this 1986 Supreme Court decision which upheld a Georgia sodomy law.;;Bowers (v(.)) (Hardwick)
;;One of these devices was suspended from a torsion fiber in an attempt to measure the effects of motion through the ether in an experiment conducted by Trouton and Noble.  Hartley oscillators use one of these devices for tuning, while a Colpitt oscillator uses two of these devices to split the voltage.  The first recorded example, which utilized a bottle filled with water, was invented by von Kleist in 1745; today, these components are used to store bits of data in DRAM.  In these devices, the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees, and the reactance goes as one over the frequency.  The displacement current is needed to explain the charging of, FTP, what circuit elements whose namesake property is measured in farads?.;;capacitors|condensers
;;One of this author's stories features a man who calls himself Obadiah Elihue, who is accused of idolatry by his wife Sarah Ruth after showing her a picture of God.  Another story by this author feature a girl who calls herself Star Drake, though her name is Sarah Ham, and ends with Farebrother's discovery of a shooting.  In addition to "Parker's Back" and "The Comforts of Home," this author included "Judgment Day" and "Greenleaf" in a collection whose title story features Julian and his mother, who go downtown on the bus every Wednesday.  That story, "Everything That Rises Must Converge," titles one collection of stories by this author of The Violent Bear It Away.  FTP, name this Southern writer of Wise Blood and "A Good Man Is Hard to Find.".;;(Flannery) O'Connor
;;The man who created it would later agree to dissolve his Ostend Company in order to have it recognized.  The system which was founded upon it was maintained by the efforts of the Baron of Bartenstein, who negotiated a marriage between a person affected by it and Francis Stephen of Lorraine.  It went uncontested for 27 years until a death led such men as Charles Albert of Bavaria to contest it, resulting in a war that cost a certain nation control of Piacenza, Parma, and Silesia.  FTP, name this decree of 1713 which transferred the Hapsburg domains of Charles VI to his daughters, which led to the War of the Austrian Succession.;;(the) Pragmatic Sanction (of) (1713)|(the) Pragmatic Sanction (of) (Charles) (VI)
;;This work's epigraph is a Digger proverb which says that God gave every people a cup of clay from which they drank their life.  The author credits Reo Fortune's study The Sorcerers of Dobu with supplying information about one of the three peoples this book considers.  The third chapter considers the concepts of Faustian and Apollonian man from Spengler's Decline of the West in the course of discussing "The Integration of Culture," while the book notes that we confuse local custom with "human nature" in the opening chapter, which also notes "our blindness to other cultures."  Also considering the Kwakiutl and the Zuni peoples, FTP, name this 1934 anthropological work by Ruth Benedict.;;Patterns of Culture
;;The type III secretory system has similar components to this structure in bacteria.  It has been found to be essential for cytokinesis in trypanosomes, examples of the protist phylum Mastigophora, which is characterized by the presence of these structures.  In bacteria, it includes the Fli [read:  flee] and Mot [read:  moat] proteins.  The eukaryotic version contains nexin, dynein, and tubulin, which forms microtubules in a (9+2) arrangement in the axoneme.  Consisting of a hook, filament, and basal body in prokaryotes, FTP identify this structure involved in cell motility and possessed by sperm.;;flagella|flagellum
;;In the author's preface to this work, he notes that the inspiration for one of the female characters came from Virgil, who had written that a male character in this work had a child by her after being restored to life by Asclepius.  In the first act, that male character tells his tutor Theramenes that he wants to look for his father rather than stay in Troezen.  Later, Oenone comes to tell that character that the queen is dying of an unknown illness.  In Act Two, Aricia learns from Ismene that the title character's stepson is in love with her, but he is later killed in a chariot accident caused by a sea monster.  FTP, name this play in which Hippolytus is loved by the titular wife of Theseus, a work by Jean Racine.;;Phaedra|Phedre
;;He once saved a son of Vayu by placing an iron statue in front of the blind husband of Gandhari.  He was accused of murdering Prasena over the magic jewel Syamantaka, and his search for the jewel resulted in three weeks of single combat which ended with him killing the king of the bears, Jambhavan.  Agni gave him a magic quoit weapon which he used to kill Sisupala, the original betrothed of this character's wife Rukmini.  His older brother was born from a white hair plucked from the serpent Sesha, and he was born from a black hair plucked from Vishnu.  FTP, name this avatar of Vishnu who lectures Arjuna in the Bhagavad Gita.;;Krishna
;;He painted a woman standing by the shore with a wicker basket on her back and three kids to her side in his Mussel Collectors at Berneval.  He painted several portraits of the actress Jeanne Samary, and other subjects of portraits by this artist include Georges Riviere, Richard Wagner, and the daughters of Catulle Mendes.  In one of his best-known paintings, there are two men wearing sleeveless white shirts and yellow hats in the foreground, while a woman sitting at a table appears to be about to kiss a small dog.  Another of his well-known works is an 1876 painting showing a bunch of people dancing at the Moulin de la Galette.  FTP, name this Impressionist painter of the Luncheon of the Boating Party.;;(Pierre(-)Auguste) Renoir
;;It is effectively unique, according to Lerch's Theorem.  It can be inverted numerically using Talbot's method or Weeks' method or analytically using a vertical contour in a Bromwich integral, and in some cases the inverse can be obtained using Duhamel's Convolution Principle.  In Hodge theory, the anticommutator of the exterior derivative and its adjoint operator gives the operator named for this method's namesake; functions in the null space of that operator are said to be harmonic.  This method has largely replaced Heaviside's operational calculus as a technique for turning differential equations into algebraic equations.  FTP, name this integral transform which reduces to the Fourier transform when s equals i omega.;;Laplace transform
;;In his Memoirs this author writes about his acquaintance with Dietrich Grabbe, who is said to be a "drunken Shakespeare," and reveals that his great-uncle wrote an oratorio in French verse called Moses on Mount Horeb.  He has a dialogue with an ironic lizard and chats with Signora Francesca in another prose work, The Town of Lucca, and wrote about his friendship with a drummer in the Napoleonic army in Ideas: The Book of Le Grand.  He wrote about a walking tour that took him to the Brocken in The Harz Journey, but he is better known for his poems, which were collected in books like Romanzero and the Book of Songs.  FTP, name this Jewish German poet of the early 19th century who also wrote Atta Troll and a ballad about the Lorelei.;;(Heinrich) Heine
;;Josef Hauer claimed to have beaten this man in developing his best-known innovation, which was expounded independently by Jef Golyscheff.  One of his early choral works was based on a poem by the Danish author Jens Peter Jacobsen, and called for three male choruses, five soloists, and an eight-part mixed chorus.  Another of his works was a setting of poetry by Albert Giraud and consisted of a cycle of 21 musical melodramas.  His Suite for Piano was the first piece composed in his distinctive style, while earlier works include the Gurre-Lieder and Pierrot Lunaire.  FTP, name this Austrian composer of the opera Moses and Aron and Transfigured Night, who is best known for developing the twelve-tone system.;;(Arnold) Schoenberg
;;His last novel is a dialogue between two women in their 80s, while a conversation about the deflowering of the teenaged Ana is at the heart of his Blood of Requited Love.  This writer finished his first novel, whose title refers to events from the movie Blood and Sand, while working as a ticket agent for Air France at Idlewild Airport.  He died in Mexico City in 1990, two years after The Tropical Night Falls was published.  His first books are set in the town of General Vallejos, while Mexico, Brazil, and Buenos Aires are the settings for the rest.  FTP, name this Argentine author of Betrayed by Rita Hayworth and Kiss of the Spider Woman.;;(Manuel) Puig
;;Reaction of it with an aromatic nitro compound results in formation of a carboxylic acid via the von Richter rearrangement.  The silver salt of it promotes reactions at the more electronegative center in this molecule; that more electronegative center coordinates with high-spin iron-III in Prussian blue.  It serves as a nucleophile in the Kiliani-Fischer synthesis that produces a sugar with one additional carbon, and in the Strecker synthesis for amino acid formation.  In the cell, it binds to cytochrome c oxidase and disrupts the electron transport chain, as does the isoelectronic carbon monoxide.  FTP name this anion that reacts with alkyl halides to give nitriles and that can be released by almonds.;;cyanide|CN(-) (read) (C(-)N(-)minus)
;;They sang about a man who is "crystallized" and whose "eyes of glass stare directly at death" in the topical "Trapped Under Ice," which appeared on their second album along with a song whose chorus features the lines "So let it be written / So let it be done / To kill the first born pharoah son / I'm creeping death."  That album ended with the instrumental "The Call of Ktulu" and also featured "Fade to Black."  "Leper Messiah" appeared on their next album, 1986's Master of Puppets, which was followed by an album featuring their first music video, "One."  In addition to And Justice for All, they released an eponymous 1991 album which featured "The Unforgiven" and "Enter Sandman" and which is colloquially known as the "Black Album."  FTP, name this heavy metal group featuring Lars Ulrich and James Hetfield.;;Metallica
;;Much of it is said to have been created by a "King of the West" who produced it in prison before being ransomed for four chariots and a pretty girl.  It is composed of portions whose discovery is attributed to a legendary figure known as "The Great Bright One," who is often depicted with his wife Nu Kua and who is said to have had the body of a serpent.  To use it, one joins eight figures known as bagua into one of 64 symbolic figures.  Attributed to Wenwang, it is one of the Five Classics.  FTP, name this Chinese text which is used for divination with hexagrams.;;(the) I Ching|Book of Changes|Classic of Changes|Zhou Yi
;;Its preface notes that the author would rather be "damned with Plato and Lord Bacon" than "go to Heaven with Paley and Malthus."  That preface also notes that Milton was both a "republican" and a "bold inquirer into morals and religion," and comments on the "pernicious casuistry" engendered in the mind by the Satan of Paradise Lost.  This work opens in the Indian Caucasus, where Ione and Panthea are seated at the feet of the title character.  It also features the Spirit of the Earth, the protagonist's love Asia, and the mysterious Demogorgon, as well as the tyrannical Jupiter.  FTP, name this "lyrical drama" based on a work by Aeschylus and written by Percy Bysshe Shelley.;;Prometheus Unbound
;;After Quintus Catulus argued in his defense, this man was acquitted in a trial of adultery involving a woman named Fabia.  He was later put on trial again on charges relating to his service as governor of Africa, and after being acquitted again he used a platform calling for debt cancellation to gain support of the plebians in a run for the consulship.  That election failed, and after being tried yet again for murdering Marcus Marius Gratidianus he was defeated in the consular election of 62 BC, which led to a series of actions in which he was aided by Lentulus and Gaius Manlius. FTP, name this Roman politician who was opposed by Cicero and who fomented a conspiracy against the Senate.;;(Lucius) (Sergius) Catiline|Catilina
;;This equation can be derived by truncating the BBGKY hierarchy at the second equation. Using an expansion based on the Knudsen number, the Navier-Stokes equation can be derived from this equation in the Chapman-Enskog procedure.  A related equation known as the Vlasov equation is appropriate for collisionless plasmas, while this equation gives the time evolution of a distribution function in the presence of short-range forces and particle collisions.  FTP, name this transport equation whose namesake shares credit for the equation for the distribution of gas velocities with Maxwell, and for the T to the fourth radiation law with Stefan.;;Boltzmann (transport) (equation)
;;In the opening scene, a young woman sitting at a table makes a list which includes such items as "six yards of stuff for to make a yellow gown" and "a pair of lace boots with lengthy heels on them and brassy eyes."  When the title character enters the public house later in that act, he chews on a turnip after being invited to sit by the fire by Michael, who assures him that the police rarely come there.  Other characters include the Widow Quin, her cousin Shawn Keogh, and Pegeen Mike.   It caused riots at the premiere in 1907, when people objected to the image of Irish morality presented by the indifference of various characters to the death of the father of Christy Mahon.  FTP, name this play by John Millington Synge whose title might lead you to believe that it's about Paul Litvak.;;(The) Playboy of the Western World
;;He was released from prison in 1993 by a man who himself was replaced in office later that year by Ange Patasse.   This man lost international support after a number of children were killed following a riot over school uniforms, and was ousted in a coup by a man who was himself overthrown two years later by Andre Kolingba.  This man was serving as leader of the MESAN party when he took power in a coup which overthrew his cousin, David Dacko.  He named himself president for life in 1972, five years before he had himself crowned emperor.  FTP, name this dictator of the Central African Republic, renowned for torturing and perhaps eating his subjects.;;(Jean(-)Bedel) Bokassa
;;In the postscript to this book, the author compares the controversy it caused to that associated with Rolf Hochhuth's The Deputy and discusses a comparison to the massacre at Kfar Kassem.  The influence of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason on the title figure is discussed in Chapter 8, "Duties of a Law-Abiding Citizen," which notes that the title figure had many opportunities for feeling like Pontius Pilate.  The title figure wanted to join the Freemasons, but his friend Ernst Kaltenbrunner invited him to join a less free-spirited organization; his activities with that organization were what brought him to the "House of Justice" described in the opening chapter of this work, which also includes four chapters on deportations and one on "the killing centers in the East."  FTP, name this book which first appeared in the New Yorker in 1963, a "report on the banality of evil" written by Hannah Arendt after observing a Nazi's trial.;;Eichmann in Jerusalem
;;One of them appears grabbing a woman's crotch and giving her a kiss in a 1517 work by Niklaus Manuel, while another of them blows a gold horn in the foreground of Benjamin Cuyp's Allegory of War.  Another of them stands on the left, above the feet of a reclining nude, in Paul Delvaux's Venus Asleep.  In one painting, a number of them stand around a stove "warming themselves," while in another painting two of them fight for the body of a hanged man.  In an 1895 work, Edvard Munch painted a "self-portrait" with this kind of arm, while another Munch work shows a naked woman kissing one of them whose leg is thrust between her legs.  FTP, name this figure which appears in numerous paintings by James Ensor, and which in theory is composed of 206 sub-units.;;skeletons
;;The final chapter of this work features a convict who escapes from San Quentin, and ends with the title character getting a new name after surviving injuries that should have proved fatal.  That new name is bestowed by a judge, who is grateful after the title character prevents Jim Hall from committing a murder.  The title character trains with Beauty Smith and lives with Gray Beaver before meeting his friend, Weedon Scott.  That title character is the son of Kiche and One Eye.  FTP, name this 1910 novel about a tough animal who is 75% wolf and 100% adorable, a work by Jack London.;;White Fang
;;A Pourbaix diagram can be used to determine the pH at which species with different values of it are stable.  A Frost diagram plots a quantity proportional to Gibbs free energy on the y-axis against this on the x-axis.  The prediction of kinetics for reactions that change this quantity is considered in Marcus theory.  The slope of the Frost diagram, which is equal to the standard potential, is used to determine the spontaneity of reactions that change it.  Such reactions include disproportionation and half-reactions.  Considered a quantity that exaggerates the ionic character of a chemical bond in contrast to formal charge, FTP identify this parameter that becomes less positive as an atom is reduced.;;oxidation number
;;In a novel by this man, a columnist named Ashley Van Buren is romanced by both detective Tommy O'Malley and serial murderer Shannon Michaels.  Michaels loses his job at the Global News Network as a result of his coverage of the Falklands War, a situation which was drawn from the life of this author of Those Who Trespass.  After leaving CBS News, he got a job with Inside Edition, but he's better known for a program which premiered in 1996.  The author of such books as Who's Looking Out for You? and The No Spin Zone, he attracted national derision when Andrea Mackris accused him of sexual harassment, partly for his threatened use of a loofah on her.  FTP, name this Fox News personality who has a namesake "factor.".;;(Bill) O'Reilly
;;At the premiere of this work, the orchestra was conducted by the composer of Variations of Druid Tunes, Matthew Dubourg. The libretto for this work was compiled by Charles Jennens, who also produced the texts for the composer's works Belshazzar and Saul.  The standard version of it is divided into three acts, the first of which includes such numbers as "Every valley shall be exalted" and "The people that walked in darkness."  It was composed in less than a month in 1741, and it was first performed the next year at a charity concert in Dublin.  FTP, name this "sacred oratorio" which features the famous "Hallelujah" chorus, a work by George Frideric Handel.;;Messiah
;;With Lyman Spitzer, he proposed that anisotropic photoionization of gas clouds could produce a "rocket effect."  One of his students predicted the 21 centimeter hydrogen line, which this man confirmed shortly after the detection by Ewen and Purcell.  A paper by Lindblad overthrowing Kapteyn's system inspired a paper in which this man presented two formulae for the local effects of galactic rotation using his namesake constants.  The distribution of the inverses of the major axes of certain objects led him to hypothesize the existence of a roughly spherical reservoir of debris located about one light year from the Sun.  FTP, name this Dutch astronomer who thus hypothesized the supposed source of most comets, known as his namesake cloud.;;(Jan) (Hendrik) Oort
;;This figure tore out a mange-like bald patch on the chest of the Cyclops Brontes, and used some white mud to confound Alpheius.  She was tricked into killing a man nicknamed Candaon, whom she met while he was trying to avenge himself on Oenopion.  One of her sacred creatures, which had brazen hooves and golden stag-like horns, ran all the way to Istria and the land of the Hyperboreans during a labor of Heracles.  Her devotees included Iphigenia and Hippolytus, who vowed to remain chaste like her.  Immediately after being born at Ortygia, she helped her mother cross the straits to Delos, where her twin brother was born.  FTP, name this twin sister of Apollo, the Greek goddess of the hunt.;;Artemis
;;He wrote about a crazy kid named Hans Giebenrath who is expelled from a seminary at Maulbronn in his second novel.  One of his novellas features a mysterious league which is presided over by a man named Leo, who leaves the protagonist at Morbio Inferiore.  In addition to Beneath the Wheel and Journey to the East, he wrote such novels as Narcissus and Goldmund and a 1943 work about Joseph Knecht.  He also wrote about Emil Sinclair in a book which features the devilish Abraxas, Demian.  FTP, name this author of Steppenwolf and Siddhartha.;;(Hermann) Hesse
;;While under Roman control it was divided into three parts, one of which was known as "Novempopulana" for the nine peoples included in it.  In the 9th century, Bernard Plantevelue claimed to be "duke" of this region, a title he passed to his son, William the Pious.  One of its greatest rulers was a leader of the First Crusade whose writings in Occitan led to his nickname, "the Troubador."  That ruler, William IX, was the grandfather of its best-known ruler, who was married to Louis VII of France and Henry II of England.  FTP, name this region of southwestern France which was ruled by Eleanor.;;Aquitaine
;;Dependencies to this substance have been noted in patients with defective transketolase or pyruvate dehydrogenase, two enzymes that require a cofactor derived from it for their activity.  One of its deficiency syndromes manifests as damage to the mammillary bodies and is frequently found in chronic alcoholics, while another deficiency syndrome, known as Shoshin's disease, manifests as heart failure and sudden death.  It is required as its pyrophosphate for decarboxylation reactions.  First crystallized by Donath and Jansen from rice polishings, FTP identify this vitamin whose deficiency can manifest as wet or dry forms of beriberi.;;thiamine|(vitamin) B1
;;This man was portrayed in a 1936 film by Domingo Soler.  That film was an epic directed by Fernando de Fuentes, whose title referred to the decision of six young men to "go" with this man.  In a horrible 1972 movie which also featured Chuck Connors this man was portrayed by Telly Savalas, and the "treasure" of this man was the subject of a 1955 Rory Calhoun film.  Anthony Stewart Head appeared as William Benton in a recent film about this man, in which so-called "Fighting Jew" Sam Drebben was played by Alan Arkin.  That film centers on a movie made by D. W. Griffith, and features Antonio Banderas as the title character.  FTP, name this man who was assassinated in 1923, seven years after his attack on Columbus, New Mexico led to a punitive raid commanded by General Pershing.;;(Pancho) Villa
;;One of the most important 19th century plays in this language is Etinger's Johannisburg.  One of its major Symbolist authors wrote such works as Under a Fence and the story collection Imagined and went by a pseudonym meaning "the hidden one."  American authors using this language include the leader of the Introspectivist movement who wrote Labyrinth under the pseudonym Leyeles.  Another of its notable authors wrote From the Fair, Railway Stories, and a tale about a milkman that was made into a famous musical.  FTP, name this language whose major writers include Mendele Sforim and Sholem Aleichem, a German tongue written in Hebrew letters.;;Yiddish
;;The Uehling effect, a small energy shift due to vacuum polarization, goes as one over the cube of this quantity.  It arises due to the termination requirement on the series expansion in associated Laguerre polynomials for the radial portion of the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom.  In general, matrix elements have nonvanishing radial integrals, so it is not subject to any selection rule.  The labels L and K correspond to values of 2 and 1 for this quantity, which uniquely identifies the electron shell.  Hydrogen energy levels go as one over the square of, FTP, what quantum number which can take on any positive integer value?.;;n|principal (quantum) (number)
;;Its second book opens with a discussion of pride and humility, and features chapters on "our esteem for the rich and powerful" and "the mixture of benevolence and anger with compassion and malice."  Its third book begins by arguing that moral distinctions are not derived from reason but from a "moral sense," and proceeds to consider "justice and injustice" as well as "other virtues and vices."  The ideas of space and time, the nature of causation, and skepticism are treated in its first book, "Of the Understanding."  It first appearead in 1739, before the author had turned thirty, though he lamented that it "fell dead-born from the press."  FTP, name this philosophical work by David Hume.;;(A) Treatise of Human Nature
;;This empire's second ruler was known as Amitrochates to the Greeks.  Its founder was advised by the author of a manual discussing government as "the science of punishment" and advocating the establishment of spy networks.  Its namesake polish can be seen on many sandstone sculptures, including the lion capital at Sarnath.  It fell apart with the rise to power of the Sunga dynasty about 500 years after supplanting the Nanda dynasty of Maghada.  Following the death of the second ruler, Bindusara, the third ruler conquered Kalinga before converting to Buddhism and ordering the carving of the Rock Edicts.  FTP name this Indian empire whose third ruler was Ashoka.;;Mauryan (Empire)|(dynasty)
;;In one of his sonnets, this man alluded to the "hinds that were transformed to frogs" which "railed at Latona's twin-born progeny" and complained of being surrounded by a "barbarous noise" of "owls and cuckoos, asses, apes, and dogs."  In another sonnet, he invited Cyriack Skinner to join him in spending a day without studying Euclid and Archimedes, while a sonnet written after the death of his second wife called her his "late espoused saint" whom he thought he saw in a dream.  Other sonnets by this poet commemorate a massacre in Piedmont and reflect on how his light is spent.  FTP, name this English poet who also wrote Comus and "Lycidas.".;;(John) Milton
;;The speech in which it was announced made frequent reference to an article published on December 17 in the Washington Union; the speaker noted that his response to that article was rebuked by Mr. Toombs.  That speech also referred to a letter written by the speaker to Charles Lanphier of the State Register, in which he tried to ascertain the truth about a claim made by Major Thomas Harris.  It was an attempt to compromise between an act of legislation passed four years earlier and a Supreme Court decision of the previous year, and proved to be a Pyrrhic victory, inasmuch as its creator won the election for which he was campaigning at the time but lost a more important election two years later.  FTP, name this statement made on August 27, 1858 at the second of the Lincoln-Douglas debates, in which Stephen Douglas suggested that slavery could be outlawed by a territory.;;(the) Freeport (Doctrine)
;;He assumed a one-fluid model for a binary solution, and proposed a theory for capillarity that explained how surface tension varied as a particular temperature and pressure was approached.  A graph of his equation has a portion that is modified by Maxwell's equal area rule to correct for the impossibility of negative compressibility, and gives a critical ratio of three-eighths.  The space between planes of graphite is known as his gap, while his radius is calculated from interatomic distances in crystals and can be a term in the calculation of the Boyle temperature.  Another term named for him includes Keesom and London varieties.  FTP identify this man who developed the law of corresponding states and introduced excluded volume and attraction terms to the ideal gas law.;;(Johannes) (Diderik) van der Waals
;;The antipenultimate one notes that the gods have heard the author's prayers, inasmuch as Lyce has become an old woman who is disdained by Cupid.  The second one of the second book deals with the uses and abuses of money, and is dedicated to Sallustius Crispus.  The famous fifth one ends with an image of dripping robes hung on a votive wall, and wonders what youth is currently embracing a woman named Pyrrha.  The 22nd begins "Integer vitae," while one beginning "Diffugere nives" was thought by A. E. Housman to be the most beautiful Latin poem.  FTP, name this collection of poems by Horace, whose title names a verse form used in a number of major poems by John Keats.;;(the) Odes|Carmina
;;In one story, a king asks the magician Djedi to state the number of rooms in this god's mansion.  At his main cult center he was worshipped as the self-generating Lord of the Ogdoad, who produced the cosmic egg on the Island of Flame.  He was responsible for the epagomenal days, and won the goddess Nehemtawy as his consort after pacifying the Distant Goddess in the form of a dog-faced baboon.  When the heart of a deceased person was weighed, he was said to note the verdict in his capacity as record keeper of the gods.  FTP name this god who served as a messenger between heaven and earth in his form as an ibis.;;Thoth|Djehuti|Zehuti
;;A 2005 book by Susan Greenwood which was subtitled "an anthropology of consciousness" dealt with the "nature" of this concept.  A 1950 book which offered a "theory" of this concept was written by Marcel Mauss.  A 1971 study of "popular beliefs in 16th and 17th century England" dealt with the "decline" of this concept, and was written by Keith Thomas.  The word denoting this concept derives from the title of Zoroastrian priests.  The "sympathetic" version of this was discussed in the third chapter of a lengthy work which was itself subtitled "a study in" this concept and religion.  That work, of course, was James Frazer's The Golden Bough.  FTP, name this concept which also identifies an NBA team based in Orlando.;;magic
;;This site features an observatory whose interior features a spiral stone staircase which led to the observatory being nicknamed "The Snail."  Following this city's decline, a nearby city was ruled by the Cocom family until they were overthrown in the mid-15th century.  Other buildings at this site include a complex in the Puuc architectural style, known as "Las Monjas," and the Temple of the Warriors, which resembles Structure B at Tula.  US consul Edward Thompson bought this site, and began dredging up treasures from a natural sinkhole known as the Cenote of Sacrifice, which was sacred to Chac.  FTP, name this Mayan city in the Yucatan whose ruins feature the largest ballgame court in Mesoamerica.;;Chichen Itza
;;This particle was hypothesized as part of the GIM mechanism.  The bound state of this particle with its anti-particle undergoes OZI-suppressed three pion decay in n = 1 and n = 2 states; for n greater than 2, it and its anti-particle form a quasi-bound state which decays into two D mesons.  In the GIM mechanism, its neutral flavor-changing reactions cancel those of its second generation partner, explaining the observed suppression of certain modes of kaon decay.  The first observations of its bound state with its antiparticle were made independently by teams led by Ting and Richter, who named that bound state the J/psi particle.  FTP, name this fourth quark to be discovered, the partner of the strange, often symbolized c and named for a quality often identified with Mike Sorice.;;charm (quark)
;;One of this artist's paintings depicts an event that took place at 6 in the morning on October 21, 1938, and shows a woman falling to her death from a window in New York's Hampshire House.  In addition to The Suicide of Dorothy Hale, this artist created a painting in which a white and black bird hold up a banner over a scene in which a man in a black hat gives a mostly naked woman a few more of the so-called "small pricks" that have killed her.  A building emerges out of a volcano which floats over the artist's feet in a bathtub in What the Water Gave Me, which was painted in 1938.  This artist also painted a Self Portrait with Monkey and a self-portrait "on the borderline between Mexico and the United States."  FTP, name this Mexican painter who was crippled in a bus accident but still proved attractive to Diego Rivera.;;(Frida) Kahlo
;;In the first chapter of this book, the title figure notes that Henry James's The Awkward Age would make a remarkable play and notes that her grandmother was a pupil of Clara Schumann's father.  The chapter on "The War" begins with a visit to John Lane's house, and ends with a procession under the Arc de Triomphe which is observed with Auntie.  The last section, "After the War 1919-1932," ends with mentions of Paul Bowles and Aaron Copland and features such suggested titles for the book as "Wives of Geniuses I Have Sat With" and "My Life with the Great."  FTP, name this 1933 work which also features a chapter on "Gertrude Stein Before She Came to Paris," which was ostensibly written by Stein's female companion.;;(The) Autobiography of Alice B(.) Toklas
;;Eugene Tallmadge died before he could begin serving his fourth term as governor of this state, leading to  the "Three Governors" controversy which resulted in Tallmadge's son Herman filling the position.  A Democrat was elected governor of this state in 1999 by defeating Guy Millner, but he would only serve one term before being defeated by a Republican who had worked as a veterinarian before being elected to the Houston County Zoning Board.  Noted racist and fried-chicken entrepreneur Lester Maddox was its governor in the early 1970s before being succeeded by a man who would later be elected president.  More recently, its governors have included Roy Barnes and Sonny Perdue.  FTP, name this state which has also been governed by Zell Miller and Jimmy Carter.;;Georgia
;;In this work, a prostitute discusses Henri Bergson's Matter and Memory with a client after giving him a blow job.  That client is a truck driver who discovers a passion for Beethoven's Archduke trio at a coffee bar, and who later reads a biography of Beethoven at the library where several of the characters work.  Among those who work at the library is a woman who dresses like a man and likes to have anal sex with men, while the library is run by Miss Saeki, who owns the titular painting and once had a recording hit with the titular song.  Miss Saeki is probably the protagonist's mother, though that doesn't stop him from having sex with her after he runs away from home.  After running away, the protagonist assumes the title name, which he thinks means "crow" in an Eastern European language.  FTP, name this recent novel in which an adolescent named Temura finds himself by going to Shikoku, a work by Haruki Murakami.;;Kafka on the Shore
;;He was presented as the impotent artist Guermann Regnier in the roman-a-clef Nelida, which was written by one of his lovers.  While living in Rome, he wrote two oratorios on Saint Elizabeth and the life of Christ, while his later works include the atonal Grey Clouds and the mysterious Bagatelle Without Tonality.  This man's music is sometimes catalogued with the "R" numbers created by Peter Raabe, though Humphrey Searle's "S" numbers are more often used.  His works for piano include three sets of pieces called Years of Pilgrimage, as well as the Transcendental Etudes and the Mephisto Waltz.  FTP, name this virtuoso pianist who composed the Hungarian Rhapsodies.;;(Franz) Liszt
;;The conchocelis is the sporophyte in the Bangiophyceae, one subgroup of it.  Female reproductive cells, known as carpogonia, are fertilized by male ones, called spermatia, via water currents since the spermatia are amotile.  Carbohydrates are stored as floridean starch, and chloroplasts are dotted with phycobilisomes.  The coralline type contains calcium carbonate in its cell wall; additionally, all of them possess two unique mucilaginous polymers in their cell walls.  Notable for their production of carageenan and agar, FTP identify these organisms whose characteristic color results from the presence of the accessory pigment phycoerythrin.;;Rhodophyta|red algae
;;One of this dynasty's more hapless members ruled for about four months before being deposed, blinded, and castrated; he was known as "the Caulker" in reference to his father's profession.  One of its earlier rulers married the daughter of his advisor Zautzes, for whom he created the position of "father of the emperor" or basilopator.  Another of them died after possibly being poisoned by his wife Theophano; his reign saw the capture of Crete by the general who succeeded him to the throne, Nicephorus Phocas.  Its first ruler came to the throne after murdering Michael the Drunkard, which ended the Amorian Dynasty.  Including Romanus I and Basil the Bulgar-Slayer, FTP, name this Byzantine dynasty whose name indicates that they came from northern Greece, as did Alexander the Great.;;(the) Macedonian (dynasty)
;;In one of this author's novels, Hugh de Cressi follows Sir Edmund Acour to Venice, where he see the arrival of Murgh's boat which carries the Black Death to Europe.  In addition to Red Eve, he wrote about the importance of vaccination in Dr. Therne and about the early Tudor period in Fair Margaret.  In one of his better-known works, a priest named Kallikrates is seduecd by the witch Amenartas, while in another Leo Vincey is killed by the kiss of the title priestess, Ayesha.  After working as an ostrich farmer, he wrote 1885's King Solomon's Mines.  FTP, name this British author of Allan Quatermain and She.;;(Henry) (Rider) Haggard
;;It begins when a man from Phaleron asks for a better account of the titular event than the one he received from Philip's son Phoenix.  He hears the account that Apollodorus heard from Aristodemus, who was brought along even though he wasn't invited.  Eryximachus offers a medical point of view, while Pausanias draws a distinction between Urania and Pandemos.  The last opinion expressed is that authors should be able to write both tragedy and comedy.  Before that, the words of a woman from Mantinea named Diotima are reported by the main character.  Also featuring speeches by Agathon and Aristophanes, FTP, identify this Platonic dialogue about love whose title refers to a drinking party.;;Symposium
;;In the traditional picture of the 660-kilometer mantle discontinuity, the discontinuity is due to this mineral group's post-spinel phase transitions from ringwoodite to perovskite and magnesiowustite.  Dunite is primarily composed of this mineral group, which has endmembers fayalite and forsterite.  It crystallizes as isolated silicate tetrahedra, making it especially susceptible to chemical weathering, and it crystallizes first in the discontinuous branch of Bowen's reaction series before pyroxene.  Known in its gem form as peridot, FTP name this common mineral group of ultramafic rocks named for its green color.;;olivine
;;Near the end of one season of this show, the rehearsal dinner for a wedding was disrupted when the groom's future brother-in-law, Marco, tricked him into passing off a speech from When Harry Met Sally as his own wedding vows.  The end of that season saw one character leave her boyfriend, a trainer at Sea World, while the next season saw the addition of Molly Clock, an absent-minded but attractive psychiatrist.  Minor characters include a maintenance man who sometimes calls himself Jan Itor, a balding lawyer named Ted who is part of an a capella group, and the sinister Bob Kelso.  More prominently, it features the married Carla and Turk, Elliot Reid, and a central male character known as J. D.  FTP, name this NBC sitcom which stars Donald Faison and Zach Braff, a show about doctors.;;Scrubs
;;At the beginning of Act Four, some people joke about Skipper Evensen's big horn while standing in a room in Captain Horster's house.  At the beginning of the next act, the title character gathers stones in his study and discusses emigrating to the New World with his wife Katherine.  The title character quarrels with the editor of the People's Courier about whether some tanneries are culpable, having earlier quarreled with his brother Peter, the town's mayor, about the pollution affecting the town's mineral baths.  FTP, name this 1882 play about Thomas Stockmann, a work by Henrik Ibsen.;;(An) Enemy of the People
;;One character in this novel tries to read The Fountainhead while taking a bus to Boston, where he meets up with Mrs. Jared and his mother and learns that his parents are getting divorced.  Another character is obsessed with a man named Victor who doesn't think of her while he's traveling through Europe, while the third main character has a French roommate named Bertrand.  A minor character in the book is Clay, the protagonist of the author's first novel.  This novel is set at a small school in New Hampshire in the fall of 1985, where Paul Denton, Lauren Hynde, and Sean Bateman are all students.  FTP, name this novel, the follow-up to Less than Zero by Bret Easton Ellis which was made into a movie starring Jessica Biel.;;(The) Rules of Attraction
;;One phase of this conflict ended at the battle of Fort Stephenson, where George Croghan proved victorious.  Another battle in this conflict was fought at Queenston Heights, where Isaac Brock was killed by a sharpshooter.   General Winchester's militia was massacred after surrendering to Henry Procter, an event known as the River Raisin Massacre, while other engagements included Stoney Creek and Chippewa.  One of its bloodiest battles was a victory for Jacob Brown and Winfield Scott at Lundy's Lane.  FTP, name this conflict which was ended by the Treaty of Ghent, a war between the U.S. and Great Britain.;;(the) (War) (of) 1812
;;A reaction named for this man is implicated in the enzyme-catalyzed formation of a phenylalanine precursor from chorismate in plants.  A variant of that reaction produces a gamma,delta-unsaturated ketone from an allylic acid, and is named for this man and Ireland.  Another reaction named for this man is driven to completion by deprotonation of the product, and has an intramolecular variant named for Dieckmann.  The first reaction is essentially irreversible due to the formation of a carbonyl double bond in contrast to a similar pericyclic [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement named for Cope.  FTP identify this chemist who gives his name to a rearrangement reaction and the production of a beta-keto ester from the condensation of two equivalents of an ester.;;(Rainer) (Ludwig) Claisen
;;Heracles rescued one of this figure's gardeners from a hole covered by a heavy stone, after which the gardener was transformed into a short-eared owl.  His servants included the herdsman Menoetius and the aforementioned gardener Ascalaphus, as well as a miser who was punished for a year for giving free passage to Heracles.  A son of Dia tried to kidnap his wife after helping Theseus kidnap Helen, but Pirithous ended up stuck to a chair in his palace.  His wife, who carried on a part-time affair with Adonis, was a daughter of Demeter who was forced to marry him after eating some pomegranate seeds.  FTP, name this Greek god of the dead.;;Hades
;;The author of this work wrote a comic allegorical interpretation of it under the pseudonym of Esdras Barnivelt, which argued that the title object stood for the Barrier Treaty.  The prefatory note to this work refers to a French book called Le Comte de Gabalis, which offers an explanation of the Rosicrucian Doctrine of Spirits.  In the fifth and final section, Thalestris kills Dapperwit and Sir Fopling, while the central female figure pulls a "deadly bodkin" on the Baron.  It was based on an incident in which Lord Petre took something from Arabella Fermor.  FTP, name this mock-heroic poem about Belinda, a work by Alexander Pope.;;(The) Rape of the Lock
;;In the appendix to this book, "Character and the Social Process," the author rejects the psychologistic, economistic, and idealistic trends of interpretation, instead claiming that culture is "rooted in the social character."  Earlier chapters argue that the collapse of medieval society was threatening to the middle class, which resulted in a feeling of isolation and doubt that made Protestantism attractive.  The book also considers the "psychology of Nazism" and authoritarianism, destructiveness, and "automaton conformity" as three "mechanisms" of the titular activity.  FTP, name this 1941 book which attempts to understand the appeal of totalitarianism, a work by Erich Fromm.;;Escape from Freedom
;;This dynasty's founder supposedly adopted this dynasty's name, signifying "usurper," to ridicule the daughters of the last ruler of the previous dynasty after he was defeated at Anfao.  Nine years after the death of this dynasty's antepenultimate ruler, Dawud, this dynasty's reign came to an end after enemy forces captured the salt mines at Teghaza, then routed the forces of this dynasty's last ruler, Issihak II.  That rout took place at the 1591 battle of Tondibi, after which the victorious Judar Pasha led his Moroccan troops on to sack the capital city of Gao.  FTP, name this dynasty which ruled Songhai following the overthrow of Sonni Ali by its founder, Muhammed I Ture.;;Askia
;;A relation named for this man can be derived by expressing the gradient of the chemical potential in terms of the quasi-Fermi energy and plugging in Fick's first law.  That relation gives a value of Boltzmann's constant times temperature over electric charge for the ratio of diffusivity and charge mobility, and is sometimes credited to this man and Smoluchowski.  That relation appeared in his paper utilizing osmotic pressure to generate expressions for root mean square displacement of small particles suspended in a fluid.  FTP, name this man who wrote a classic 1905 paper analyzing Brownian motion.;;(Albert) Einstein
;;In his first World Series game he allowed only two hits in nine innings, and though he took a loss in game 5 his team came back to win the Series in six.  He broke Jack Morris's record for putouts in 2000, while one of his finest seasons saw him tie Ken Hill with a league-leading 16 wins even as he set a team record for ERA.  In 1986 he defeated his brother in the first game ever to feature siblings as opposing rookie pitchers, and in 2005 he struck out Omar Vizquel to join the elite 3,000 strikeout and 300 win club.  FTP, name this pitcher known as "Mad Dog" who won four straight Cy Young Awards starting in 1992 and who has played for the Braves and Cubs.;;(Greg) Maddux
;;Prediction of species that may be observed in this process can be made using a Mathieu stability diagram.  Reactions that can occur include the McLafferty rearrangement and a retro-Diels-Alder reaction, resulting in the formation of characteristic fragments.  These fragments and the base peak can be analyzed using the rule of thirteen.  Orthogonal acceleration and MALDI both produce results that are analyzed by time-of-flight; other components that may be used instead are quadrupole analyzers and electron spray processes.  FTP identify this technique that requires the ionization of a species and analysis of the ionized species to determine a ratio of a certain value and charge, and that can detect different elemental isotopes.;;mass spectrometry|MS
;;A meeting held here featured such luminaries as Juvenal of Jerusalem and Count Candidian, the imperial commander, while the Pope was represented by Arcadius and Projectus.   That meeting condemned a heretic named Celestius and was presided over by Cyril of Alexandria; it decreed that the Virgin Mary should be known as "theotokos" and that Jesus was a single person.  Thus, it condemned as heretical a movement which emphasized the humanity of Jesus, Nestorianism.  In addition to that third ecumenical council, this Greek city was once the residence of Saint Paul, who wrote an epistle to its residents.  FTP, name this city which was once home to one of the Seven Wonders of the World, the Temple of Artemis.;;Ephesus
;;This man wrote about Maura's trip to New York to see Ethel for the first time in 20 years in the title story of his collection The Knife of the Times.  A stocky Finnish girl named Elsa visits the zoo in the final story of his Beer and Cold Cuts, while "The Girl with a Pimply Face" and "The Dawn of Another Day" appear in another collection of his stories.  He wrote about Margaret and Helen in his long story "The Farmers' Daughters," though he is better known for poems collected in volumes like The Desert Music and Pictures from Brueghel.  FTP, name this American author of Spring and All and Paterson, who once wrote that so much depends upon a red wheelbarrow.;;(William) (Carlos) Williams
;;The first of them features an Earl bearing a scroll which claims that his ancestry goes back to "William, Duke of Normandye," as well as a lawyer named Silvertongue and two dogs chained together in the corner.  The second features a clock which marks the time as 12:20, even though it is called "Early in the Morning," while a two-headed hermaphrodite and a skull on a table appear in "The Scene with the Quack."  The sixth and last features a syphilitic infant kissing the corpse of his mother, a countess who committed suicide.  Created in the 1740s, they picture the unhappy Squanderfield family.  FTP, name this collection of paintings by William Hogarth that trace the progress of an unfortunate couple and share their name with a play by John Dryden.;;Marriage A(-)la(-)Mode
;;For an unbiased estimator, a lower bound on this quantity is given by the reciprocal of the Fisher information, according to the Cramer-Rao inequality.  A one-sided probability calculated using the F-test can be used to determine whether this value is the same for two data sets.  Powers of this quantity are used to normalize the third and fourth central moments in calculating the skewness and kurtosis, respectively.  This quantity is preserved under sums if the summand random variables are all pairwise uncorrelated.  FTP, name this quantity, equivalent to the second cumulant and the second central moment, a measure of statistical dispersion whose square root is the standard deviation.;;variance
;;One of this man's operas features the "Shadow Song" and the "Hymn of the Pardon," and ends with the marriage of a goat-herder named Hoel and the title character, Dinorah.  Another of his operas features the aria "Ah, my son," which is sung by Fides, the mother of the title "prophet," John of Leyden.  In another of his operas, Bertram summons a group of unfaithful nuns from their graves and tempts his son, the title character, to evil.  More famous than Robert the Devil is an opera set in France in 1572 which features Marguerite de Valois as a character.  FTP, name this composer of The Huguenots who also wrote an opera about a slave named Selika which is beloved by R. Hentzel and Sudheer Potru, L'Africaine.;;(Giacomo) Meyerbeer
;;Two of them form the floor of the anatomical snuff box; tubercles on the same two also form the proximal attachment of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle.  One of these two bones, the trapezium, is connected to the "hook" of another, the hamate, via the flexor retinaculum, which forms the roof of a passageway through which the median nerve runs.  The floor of that passageway is partially formed by the capitate and trapezoid, two more members of it.  Numbering eight in total, FTP identify this collection of bones in the hand and wrist, four of which form a namesake "tunnel.".;;carpals|carpus
;;In Act 3, scene 4 an annoying lady claims to have read every Italian poet, and remarks that all the English writers deign to steal from Pastor Fido.  The title character condemns "turdy-facy-nasty-paty-fartical rogues" in Act 2, scene 2, in which he poses as Scoto of Mantua and plays at being a mounteback.  The first song in the play is performed by a dwarf named Nano and a eunuch named Castrone, after which the title character feigns sickness to receive the lawyer Voltore.  Also featuring a hermaphrodite named Androgyno and Sir Politick Would-Be, it was first performed in 1606.  FTP, name this play about a wealthy magnifico, a work by Ben Jonson subtitled "the fox.".;;Volpone
;;He was suspended from college for a time after he refused to rat out some other students who had broken a table.  Because he was thought to favor France, he was elected President of a certain body, replacing Henry Laurens.  He was succeeded by Samuel Huntingdon in that position, and in addition to succeeding Robert Livingston as Secretary for Foreign Affairs this man was succeeded by John Rutledge in a more important position.  He worked with Diego de Gardoqui to reach his most significant diplomatic achievement, a treaty which controversially surrendered navigation rights on the Mississippi.  FTP, name this governor of New York who wrote five of the Federalist Papers and was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.;;(John) Jay
;;At one point in this work, one character reads a story from a newspaper about an 87-year-old man who was run over while crawling under a lorry.  Later, an envelope slides under a door and turns out to contain twelve matches, after which a discussion of the phrase "light the kettle" ensues.  In the end, one character receives instructions from a tube and agrees that the "normal method will be employed," having earlier holstered his revolver.  Written in 1957, it features two men named Ben and Gus.  FTP, name this play about a pair of gunmen waiting to be ordered to commit murder, a work by Harold Pinter whose title refers to a small elevator which delivers notes to the room.;;(The) Dumb Waiter
;;The third book in this author's major trilogy opens with an epigraph from Hume's Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, and that work's opening chapter, "Dilemma," begins by alluding to what Hume regarded as the "central questions" of how the mind works and why it works in the way it does.  That book by this author also includes chapters on sex, religion, and hope, while the first book in his trilogy suggested that it would someday be possible to treat rhesus monkeys and insect societies with the same quantitative theory.  The second book was a 1975 "new synthesis" that sought to extend scientific principles to the social sciences.  FTP, name this author of On Human Nature and Sociobiology.;;(Edward) (O(.)) Wilson
;;Rulers in this country's history include one nicknamed Kalagya, whose death resulted in a nine-year interregnum ended by the accession of Narapatisithu, and Tabinshwehti, who founded a dynasty centered at Toungoo.  Anawrhatra defeated the Mon city of Thaton in 1057, establishing the supremacy of the Pagan kingdom in this country.  In the 18th century, Alaungpaya of the Konbaung dynasty conquered Pegu and founded a city whose name means "the end of strife" on the east bank of the Hlaing River.  After a series of wars with the British, this country was made a province of India with capital at Rangoon.  FTP identify this country whose more recent citizens include Aung San and U Thant.;;(Union) (of) Myanmar|Burma |(Pyidaungzu) Myanma (Naingngandaw)
;;The mean square value of this quantity is known as the enstrophy.  It can be generated by the entropy gradient associated with a curved shock, and like entropy, disturbances in this quantity travel through fluids at the flow speed, rather than the speed of sound.  When this quantity is zero throughout a flow, the flow is said to be a potential flow.  The surface integral of this quantity over a surface bounded by a closed curve equals the circulation about that curve.  Equal to twice the local angular velocity, FTP name this quantity given by the curl of the velocity in a fluid.;;vorticity
;;The title character's grandfather invents his own cosmogony which claims that God lives in the sun.  The only literary work that ever helps the title character is a biography of Tchaikovsky, which he picks up after meeting Risley at a concert.  The protagonist agrees to be hypnotized by Mr. Lasker Jones to overcome his condition after he breaks off with Clive Durham, whom he met while they were students at Cambridge.  FTP, name this work about an Englishman who falls in love with Alec Scudder, a novel which was written in 1914 but not published until after the death of its author, E. M. Forster.;;Maurice
;;One of this man's films was based on George Perry's novel Hold Autumn in Your Hand, and was boycotted by the Ku Klux Klan because of its depiction of the Tucker family.  An earlier film by this man was shot in the Okefenokee Swamp and featured Walter Brennan as Tom Keefer.  In addition to The Southerner and Swamp Water, his so-called American films include The Diary of a Chambermaid, though he is better known for European films like A Day in the Country and a 1937 film which features such characters as Captain Boeldieu, Lieutenant Marechal, and Captain von Rauffenstein.  FTP, name this French director of The Grand Illusion and Rules of the Game.;;(Jean) Renoir
;;A recent version of this work by Charles Mee is entitled Big Love, though it isn't about polygamy per se.  One character in this work tells the story of a child named Epaphus, who was the grandfather of Belus, who was himself the grandfather of the title characters.  Those characters ask Pelasgus to assist them, which he does by turning away a messenger who comes to claim them.  The title characters are descended from Io, which gives them a claim on the king of Argos.  FTP, name this drama about an Egyptian named Danaus and his fifty daughters who don't want to get married, a work by Aeschylus.;;(The) Suppliant Women|(The) Suppliants|Hiketides
;;The existence of it in the South American red vizcacha rat has recently been disproved.  This term was introduced by Winkler, who worked on calluses developing on cut plant stems.  One advantage of it results from heterosis, but it may induce a p53-mediated cell cycle checkpoint in animal cells.  The salivary glands of Drosophila, mammalian liver cells, and plant endosperm all exhibit this phenomenon that can result from endoreplication, nonreduction in meiosis, or somatic doubling.  Most commonly exhibited by angiosperms, FTP identify this condition in which cells possess more than two sets of chromosomes.;;polyploidy
;;He wrote about a cello teacher named Dworkin and about the life of Alma Mahler in two of his last stories, "Zora's Noise" and "Alma Redeemed."  He wrote about an old man named Mendel who tries to get $35 so that the foolish Isaac can travel to California and live with a man named Leo in one of his most famous stories.  He never finished his novel The People, but he wrote six others, including a 1979 work about a biographer who falls in love with a young woman named Fanny.  In addition to Dubin's Lives, he wrote The Tenants and The Magic Barrel.  FTP, name this author of The Fixer and The Natural.;;(Bernard) Malamud
;;In the second single from this album, the speaker notes that if he played guitar he'd be Jimmy Page, while the girls he likes are underage.  That song also claims that the speaker has more juice than Picasso has paint, and notes that he chills at White Castle because it's the best.  Another song from this album features a girl whose name is Lucy, though everyone calls her Loose, and ends with the speaker lying naked on the floor after having his bed and chest of drawers stolen.  In another song, the speaker puts some Spanish Fly in with the title drink.  In addition to "Brass Monkey" and "She's Crafty," it featured "Paul Revere" and "No Sleep Till Brooklyn."  FTP, name this 1986 album produced by Rick Rubin which also features "Girls" and "(You Gotta) Fight For Your Right (To Party)," the first hip hop record by the Beastie Boys.;;Licensed to Ill
;;When the plasma parameter is small compared to unity, this man's namesake logarithm is large compared to unity.  The off-diagonal terms of the Hamiltonian in the secular determinant are known as resonance or exchange integrals, while the diagonal terms are this man's namesake integrals.  Free photons are transversely polarized when the divergence of the vector potential is set to zero in this man's namesake gauge.  The Yukawa potential introduces an exponential screening term into this man's namesake one over r potential.  Gauss's law relating electric flux to enclosed charge is equivalent to this man's namesake force law.  FTP, identify this man whose name is also given to the SI unit of electric charge.;;(Charles(-)Augustin) (de) Coulomb
;;In the collection in which it originally appeared, it preceded a story about a six-year-old deaf mute who wanders out and upon returning home discovers that his house has been destroyed.  It followed a story about Carter Druse, who shoots his own father in "A Horseman in the Sky."  The protagonist of the story is tricked by a man in gray who tells him about a quantity of driftwood which had been seen near the title object.  The second story in a collection of "tales of soldiers and civilians," In the Midst of Life, it is set in northern Alabama.  FTP, name this story about the death of Peyton Farquhar, a work by Ambrose Bierce.;;(An) Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
;;In one of this man's works a woman named Flora promises to protect a man named Carlos who killed Licio in a duel, which poses a problem because Licio was engaged to marry Flora.  In another of his works, the governor of Gaeta is horrified to learn that the daughter of Alonso Colona has run away with a murderer named Cesar Ursino.  In addition to the paired It Is Better Than It Was and It Is Worse Than It Was, he wrote about the death of Prince Ferdinand in The Constant Prince, while his morality plays include The Faithful Shepherd.  However, he's best known today for secular works like The Mayor of Zalamea.  FTP, name this dramatist of the Spanish Golden Age who wrote Life Is a Dream.;;(Pedro) Calderon (de) (la) (Barca)
;;They are characterized by the presence of tegument between the envelope and their icosahedral capsid.  The state that gives them their name features a circular genome, while their genome typically exists as double-stranded DNA.  The thymidine kinase encoded by that genome is the target of gancyclovir and acyclovir.  One member of this group causes "sixth disease," while type 8 is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and another type is associated with Burkitt's lymphoma.  Varicella zoster and Epstein-Barr are both members of, FTP, this family of viruses capable of latent infection, the causative agents of shingles, infectious mononucleosis, cold sores, and sporadic anxiety for Paul Litvak.;;herpes (viruses)|Herpesviridae
;;He depicted his sister, Mrs. Violet Ormond, in such paintings as A Gust of Wind and A Morning Walk.  His early works include an 1879 portrait of Carolus-Duran, with whom he studied.  After striking out in Paris he moved to London, where his study of three seated young women, The Misses Vickers, was widely panned.  He gained more praise for his painting of two little girls lighting Japanese lanterns, Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose, though he is best known today for a painting shown at the Salon of 1884.  FTP, name this American artist who depicted the wife of Pierre Gautreau in a slinky black dress in his Madame X.;;(John) (Singer) Sargent
;;As a youth the title character wrote a play called Let Freedom Ring! whose main characters are named Prejudice and Tolerance.  The protagonist's former girlfriend was once married to a man who would pay black women to shit on a glass table while he masturbated beneath it.  That girlfriend is abandoned by him in Greece after he has a threesome with her and a prostitute named Lina in Rome.  The protagonist has had affairs with women he calls "The Pumpkin" and "The Pilgrim" in addition to "The Monkey," but is impotent with two women when he visits Israel at the end of the novel.  FTP, name this book about a man who tells his life story to Dr. Spielvogel, written by Philip Roth.;;Portnoy's Complaint
;;This book concludes with two chapters on the "three rules of inheritance" that show the growth of the idea of property.  A previous part considers the Punaluan, Syndyasmian, and Monogamian as some of the "successive forms of the family," while the Ganowanians, Aztecs, and Romans are among the groups considered in the longest part, which considers the idea of government.  The author uses the word "gentes" to describe groups which he called "tribes" in such books as League of the Iroquois and Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family.  FTP, name this 1877 book about the "lines of human progress from savagery through barbarism to civilization," the magnum opus of American anthropologist Lewis Henry Morgan.;;Ancient Society
;;This country suffered from a 4-year civil war known as the Revolution of the Lances which ended with a peace agreement establishing the political principle of coparticipation.  Its indigenous population of Charrua Indians was nearly wiped out in an 1831 massacre led by its first president, General Fructuosa Rivera.  Its struggle for independence saw an early success at Las Piedras by troops under its national hero, Jose Artigas.  A Brazilian intervention replaced Atanasio Aguirre with Venancio Flores, the leader of the Colorado party, a power shift that led to the War of the Triple Alliance, in which this country allied with Brazil and Argentina to beat up on Paraguay.  FTP, name this country whose capital, located on the Rio de la Plata across from Buenos Aires, is Montevideo.;;Uruguay
;;One version of Schur's lemma states that, for a module of this type, the endomorphism ring is a division ring.  For a given significance level, the Neyman-Pearson lemma states that the likelihood ratio is the most powerful test between two hypotheses of this type; such hypotheses fully specify the probability distribution.  This term is applied to any function with a finite range, and to groups which have no nontrivial proper normal subgroups.  This term also denotes poles of order one, and graphs with no multiple edges or loops.  FTP, name this adjective applied to such machines as the inclined plane and lever, as well as a type of harmonic motion.;;simple
;;One character in this work refuses to make a purchase because he doesn't want to "be on the Discovery Channel."  It features a brief appearance from Daniel Dae Kim of Lost, who apparently is involved in slave trafficking.  One character is killed while attempting to show an icon of Saint Christopher to another character, while someone else fails to commit a murder because his daughter bought him blanks for his gun.  A policeman we thought was a jerk turns out to have an elderly father suffering from prostate cancer, while a policeman we thought was nice kills a hitchhiker.  Featuring Brendan Fraser as a district attorney, Matt Dillon as a cop, and Don Cheadle as another cop, this is, FTP, what recent film set in Los Angeles which won a Best Picture Oscar?.;;Crash
;;In his Refutation of All Heresies, Hippolytus argued that the followers of Noetus were not disciples of Christ but of this man.  Diogenes Laertius noted that this man claimed that both Archilochus and Homer deserved to be thrown out of the games and flogged, and claimed that after this man's friend Hermodorus was thrown out of their city he retired to a temple and played dice with children.  This man claimed that a "dry soul is wisest," and argued that for souls it is death to become water.  More famously, he claimed that "eternity is a child at play," that "war is father of all," and that the world will be destroyed by fire.  FTP, name this pre-Socratic thinker who was nicknamed "the Obscure," who also said that you can never step into the same river twice.;;Heraclitus
;;Early d-block metals tend to interact with ligands that donate electrons from these orbitals, while late d-block metals interact with ligands that can accept electrons into the antibonding type of these orbitals in a phenomenon known as backbonding. It interacts with alkali metals in an interaction that works because of a molecular quadrupole.  The complex given this name, also known as the encounter complex, forms before the Wheland intermediate in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions; in another reaction intermediate, it interacts with boron in a hydroboration reaction.  Electrons in an aromatic system are considered to exist in a delocalized type of this orbital that possesses a nodal plane along the axis containing the bonded nuclei.  FTP identify this type of orbital often formed between two parallel p orbitals.;;pi orbital
;;A naive treatment of the gravitational version of this effect can be used with the normal formula for gravitational redshift to derive the factor of one-third in the Sachs-Wolfe effect.  This effect also results in Thomas precession.  One experiment verified it with tunable dye lasers using a two photon transition in neon to eliminate the first-order Doppler shift, and measured the beat frequency.  This effect can also be used by an Earth-based observer to explain the flux of muons.  The twin paradox involves, FTP, what relativistic phenomenon tested in the Hafele-Keating experiment, in which commercial airplanes flew around with cesium clocks?.;;time dilation
;;In the foreword to this work, the author claims to have enjoyed an excellent zabaione from the Caffe Pedrocchi with the Canon's nephew, who gave him a journal which inspired the story.  In the final pages of this work, we learn that Ernesto V was adored by his subjects, while the death of the young Sandrino led to the death of his mother Clelia, which led to the protagonist's retirement to the title location.  That protagonist is imprisoned for nine months in the Farnese Tower, and associates with Count Mosca and the Duchess Sanseverina.  FTP, name this novel about Fabrizio del Dongo, a work by Stendhal named for an Italian building.;;(The) Charterhouse of Parma|Chartreuse de Parme
;;At the beginning of this work the people sing "Feste e pane" while a spy looks on scornfully, after which the title character's mother sings "Figlia, che reggi il tremulo pie."  That spy later persuades Zuane that the title character's mother is a witch, after which the title character's beloved gets his sailors to help in saving the blind La Cieca.  The third act is called "The House of Gold," and is set in the house of Alvise Badoero, who holds a party at which the chorus sings "D'un vampiro fatal l'ala fredda passo" following this opera's most famous episode, a ballet which represents several times of day.  FTP, name this opera set in Venice in the 17th century, a work featuring "The Dance of the Hours" which was written by Amilcare Ponchielli.;;(La) Gioconda
;;In one branch of the Mabinogion, one of these items smeared with poison is used to kill a character sometimes known as "Pierced-Thighs."  In Greek myth, scrapings from one of these items were used to heal Telephus, and in Japanese myth, Izanagi and Izanami created the first island using a jeweled one known as Amenonuhoko.  Other mythical examples include Rhongomiant, one whose name meant "swaying one," and the Gae Bolga of Cuchulainn.  One of these was thrown overhead to signal the start of the war of the Aesir and Vanir, and Achilles used one of these weapons to kill Hector.  FTP, name this type of weapon, exemplified by Odin's Gungnir.;;spears
;;They may be processed or degraded in P bodies.  In eukaryotes, their synthesis is inhibited by amanitin, and their sequence may include SECIS [se-sis] or IRES [i-res] elements.  Synthesis may terminate by formation of a hairpin structure or with the aid of rho factor.  Their modifications may be directed by guide RNA's, and includes the addition of two methyl groups to a specific nucleotide.  In prokaryotes, they contain the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and are often polycistronic.  FTP identify this molecule that is modified in eukaryotes with a cap of 7-methylguanosine and a poly(A) tail, the type of RNA that serves as the template for protein synthesis.;;messenger RNAs
;;It is parodied in a poem by L. E. Sissman in which he speaks of being in Foyles bookstore and finding a copy of his book Dying: An Introduction on the remainders table.  It is alluded to in the final stanza of Anthony Hecht's poem "The Mysteries of Caesar," in which a Latin teacher is said to be fond of boys who are "as Antinous to that inward eye / Which is the pitiless bliss of solitude."  In the fourth and final stanza of this poem, the speaker's "heart with pleasure fills" as he lies on his couch in "vacant or in pensive mood" and thinks of a scene described in the opening three stanzas.  FTP, name this poem which features a "jocund company" of at least "ten thousand" daffodils, a work by William Wordsworth in which the poet compares himself to something that floats in the sky.;;I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
;;Its first significant deed was the capture of the town of Eion, located at the mouth of the Strymon River.  After an offer it made to Carystus was rebuffed, that city was burned to the ground.  It failed in its backing of a revolt led by Inarus, which led to its treasury being relocated.  One of its greatest victories was at the Eurymedon River, which was fought roughly 60 years before its first incarnation was forcibly dissolved following the battle of Aegospotomi.  Founded in 478 BC, FTP, name this association which was originally centered on a namesake island in the Cyclades, a league which was dominated by Athens.;;(the) Delian (League)
;;One of its leading commanders became outraged after his mother was taken as a hostage and shot, which led to his being known as the Tiger of the Maestrazgo.  After winning a victory at Maella, that commander was named Count of Morella.  In addition to Ramon Cabrera, this war's generals included Tomas de Zumalacarregui, who was killed after being shot in the leg while besieging Bilbao.  It ended with the Convention of Vergara, which was reached by Rafael Maroto and Bartolomeo Espartero and concluded a conflict fought over the Salic Law.  FTP, name this war which ended in 1839, and which was fought between supporters of Maria Cristina and Don Carlos V, after whom it is named.;;(the) (First) Carlist (War)
;;He wrote about an officer who shoots a woman after reading her diary and discovering that she loathes him in his story "Gentle Breathing."  He wrote about a young man who pines for his former love, Katya, before sleeping with a peasant girl and shooting himself in the head in his story "Mitya's Love."  He moved to France in 1920, where he settled in Grasse and wrote works like his autobiographical novel The Life of Arseniev.  However, he's best known for his stories, which include "Dry Valley," "The Elaghin Affair," and one about a titular millionaire who dies at a hotel on Capri.  FTP, name this Russian winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature who wrote "The Gentleman from San Francisco.".;;(Ivan) Bunin
;;Xanthate esters react to form a thiol, carbonyl sulfide, and one other compound in the Chugaev type of this reaction.  One type involves reaction of an N-oxide, while another follows exhaustive methylation of an amine.  A carbanion [carb-AN-ion] intermediate is implicated in the conjugate base variation of one type of it that is favored in protic solvents.  When it occurs in bicyclic compounds, reactivity can be determined by Bredt's rule; in general, product formation from this reaction can follow rules of either Hofmann or Zaitsev.  Often resulting in the formation of a double bond, FTP identify this class of reactions that has unimolecular and bimolecular types and results in the loss of part of a molecule.;;elimination (reactions)
;;A woman of this name is poorly treated by her husband Probus but gets baptized anyway by Saint Paul in an apocryphal text describing the "acts" of this woman, Polyxena, and Rebecca.   One person of this name is the subject of a poem written on March 16, 1925 by H. P. Lovecraft, while Edgar Allan Poe spelled this woman's name with a "Z" to fit an acrostic poem he wrote for a woman named Elizabeth.  The second of Cynthia Ozick's "Puttermesser Papers" features a golem of this name.  The best-known woman of this name had three sons, Menexenos, Lamprokles, and Sophroniskos, and is said to have emptied a chamber pot on her husband's head.  FTP, identify this woman whose name has come to typify the shrewish wife, thanks to her shabby treatment of her husband Socrates.;;Xanthippe|Xantippe
;;It was announced two years after the Drago Doctrine was set forth, and three years after it was announced the U.S. adopted the Drago modification of the Calvo Doctrine through a convention authored by Horace Porter.  24 years after it was announced, it was abrogated by a memorandum written by J. Reuben Clark.  It was put into practice after the government of Carlos Morales was overthrown by Morales's vice president, Ramon Caceres, and also led to the signing of a treaty with Philippe Bunau-Varilla.  It was announced in an address to Congress on December 6, 1904.  FTP, name this statement which defined American interest in Latin America, a modification of the Monroe Doctrine by a president who like to say "Bully.".;;(the) Roosevelt Corollary
;;The total momentum of these particles is changed in Umklapp scattering processes, in which the incoming pair have wave vectors whose sum lies outside the first Brillouin zone.  The dependence of the critical temperature for superconductivity on the isotopic mass showed that they mediate the formation of Cooper pairs.  They can be created or destroyed in inelastic scattering of light via Brillouin or Raman scattering, which involve the acoustic and optical subtypes, respectively.  The T cubed law for heat capacities was derived by Debye using a model based on these quasiparticles, incorporating the finite number of elastic modes in a finite solid.  FTP, name these quanta of lattice vibrations.;;phonons
;;It deals with "The Friendship of Amis and Amile" and Aucassin and Nicolette in the chapter on "two early French stories."  The second chapter discusses the author of the Heptaplus, while a later chapter discusses a collection of sonnets thought to have been written to Vittoria Colonna.  The last two chapters are devoted to Joachim du Bellay and Wincklemann, prior to a "Conclusion" omitted from the second edition which claims that success in life is to burn with a "hard, gemlike flame."  Also including chapters on Botticelli and Leonardo da Vinci, FTP, name this collection of "studies in art and poetry" by Walter Pater whose title refers to an artistic period.;;(The) Renaissance
;;Performances of the fifth of these works sometimes use a group of extra brass instruments known as the "eleven apostles," who come in to supply extra energy for the conclusion of the piece.  The seventh of them includes an Adagio movement in C sharp minor which features a notable cymbal clash.  The first of them to be in a major key was the fourth, which is in E flat major, while the first two and the eighth are in C minor and the third and ninth are in D minor.  The ninth was meant to be dedicated to God, but the composer died before he could finish it.  FTP, name this group of works, one of which is nicknamed the "Romantic" and one of which is dedicated to Richard Wagner, a set of orchestral works by an Austrian composer.;;(the) symphonies (of) (Anton) Bruckner
;;This ruler of the Brigians was entertained for five days by fantastic stories of an immense continent lying beyond the Ocean's stream told by a notorious drunkard found sleeping in this man's celebrated rose gardens.  He was adopted by a former peasant who was proclaimed king in Telmissus after a royal eagle perched on the pole of his ox-cart.  This man wound up drinking bull's blood some time after his disagreement with a ruling made by the River-god Tmolus earned him disgrace.  The wealth of the sands of the river Pactolus was produced when this man succeeded in ridding himself of a gift which was causing him to starve, as his food became hard and inedible.  FTP, name this king who was punished with ass's ears and rewarded with the golden touch.;;Midas
;;This man wrote about the death of Dr. Estep in his story "Zigzags of Treachery," while the protagonist is forced to attend a wedding on an island in San Pablo Bay after Dick Foley is incapacitated in his story "The Gutting of Couffignal."  His first published story, "The Parthian Shot," appeared in The Smart Set, while some of his other stories were published under the pen name Peter Collinson.  His first novel, originally entitled Poisonville, began appearing in 1927, and the next year he finished his novel The Dain Curse.  Those books appeared serially in Black Mask, as did The Glass Key and a number of his stories about the Continental Op.  FTP, name this author of The Thin Man and The Maltese Falcon.;;(Dashiell) Hammett
;;The first ruler of this name set up a boundary stone at Kanisa Kurgus and sacked the kingdom of Kermah.  The last ruler of this name married a daughter of Artatama I to cement an alliance with Mitanni.  The last ruler of this name supposedly came to power after receiving instructions in a dream to clear the sand piled up around the Sphinx.  Another ruler of this name was responsible for erecting Cleopatra's Needles, and for defeating a coalition led by the Prince of Kadesh at Megiddo shortly after the death of his aunt Hatshepsut.  FTP, give the name shared by 4 pharaohs of the 18th dynasty, a name which honors the god Thoth.;;Thutmose|Thutmosis
;;The epilogue to this work describes the history of a female character who after getting married "quits her Nancy Dawson for Che Faro" and becomes the "Heinel of Cheapside."  One scene opens with a character singing a song about the Three Pigeons, which begins "Let school-masters puzzle their brain / With grammar, and nonsense, and learning."  That character, Tony, plays a trick on two other characters in this play by directing them to an ersatz inn.  Once there, Hastings and Charles Marlow are waited on by Tony's sister Kate Hardcastle, who pretends to be a servant to win Charles over.  FTP, name this play subtitled "The Mistakes of a Night," a work by Oliver Goldsmith.;;She Stoops to Conquer
;;Its most recent champion was a University of Houston dropout who is the owner of Lot 8.  In its first incarnation, Vanessa was unable to meet the challenge of working for Sarah Hudson, while other installments featured Nancy O'Dell of Access Hollywood and Parker Posey.  It features an older mentor figure who likes to say "Make it work" and who was imitated with surprising accuracy by Santino Rice in its latest version.  That version was won by Chloe Dao, whose work was judged by Nina Garcia and Michael Kors.  FTP, name this TV show on the Bravo network, which is hosted by Heidi Klum and is a competition between aspiring fashion designers.;;Project Runway
;;Two of his works are epitaphs for Timokritos and Agathias, who died fighting the Thracians, and his writings were compiled in six books by Aristarchos.  He was born in Teos, but fled to Abdera when the Persians invaded, though he did much of his work at Samos after the tyrant Polycrates invited him to the court there.  Leigh Hunt's "Portrait of His Mistress" is an imitation of a poem by this man, while poems by this man about the grasshopper and drinking were paraphrased by Abraham Cowley.  FTP, name this ancient Greek poet known for songs about alcohol and debauchery, whose putative experiences "in heaven" were the subject of a song composed around 1776 which later provided the tune for "The Star-Spangled Banner.".;;Anacreon
;;He defended Communism in The Communists and Peace, while The Spectre of Stalin was written in response to the Soviet invasion of Hungary.  His late works include a massive study of Gustave Flaubert entitled The Idiot of the Family, as well as the more theoretical Critique of Dialectical Reason.  He discussed the "situation of the writer in 1947" in his seminal essay "What Is Literature?" while his earliest philosophical writings dealt with such subjects as the imagination and the transcendence of the ego.  His major work of 1943 was subtitled "a phenomenological essay in ontology."  FTP, name this French author of Being and Nothingness as well as the novel Nausea and the play No Exit.;;(Jean(-)Paul) Sartre
;;This city's second archbishop wrote a notable "Sermon on Law and Grace" which extolled its first Christian ruler.  In addition to Hilarion, its illustrious citizens included Daniel the Pilgrim, the first known travel writer in his language.  Its other citizens include the author of a text describing the fall of Constantinople, the Epistula lugubris, which was written by a patriarch named Isidore.  Its Monastery of the Caves was founded by Anthony, who originated Russian monasticism.  It was known as the Hero City under the Soviet Union, while its northern portion is home to a notorious ravine, Babi Yar.  FTP, name this city on the Dnieper River which is now the capital of Ukraine.;;Kiev
;;One of the men who proposed this theory in a 1948 paper developed coordinates for null hypersurfaces named for himself and Sachs.  Another of its proposers predicted a resonance in carbon-12 which allows the triple-alpha mechanism to work.  An unrelated approximation of the same name applied to the concentration of the enzyme-substrate complex gives the Michaelis-Menten equation.  That approximation sets time derivatives of intermediate concentrations to zero.  The theory of this name allowed spontaneous matter creation to uphold the perfect cosmological principle.  FTP name this rival of Big Bang theory which held that the global properties of the Universe are unchanging.;;steady state
;;One work of this name was published by Pietro Summonte in 1504 two years after a pirated edition appeared, and featured an unhappy lover named Sincero.  This word also names a play written in 1640 by James Shirley, while a better known work of this name features a joust between Anaxius and Pyrocles, the latter of whom disguises himself as an Amazon named Zelmane to serve the lady Philoclea.  Musidorus and Pamela also appear in that work, which was written for the Countess of Pembroke by Sir Philip Sidney.  FTP, give the name shared by a 1993 play about Septimus Hodge and Thomasina Coverley written by Tom Stoppard.;;Arcadia
;;The equation of this name, sometimes known as the second Friedmann equation, can be derived by substituting the fluid equation into the time derivative of the first Friedmann equation.  For an incompressible Newtonian fluid, the viscous term in the Lagrangian form of this quantity is given by the kinematic viscosity times the Laplacian of the velocity.  A moving charged particle radiates power proportional to the square of the charge times the square of this quantity, according to Larmor's formula.  Its cgs unit is the Galileo, and like Matt Weiner, its time derivative is known as the jerk.  FTP, name this quantity, the second time derivative of the position vector, which appears in Newton's second law with force and mass.;;acceleration
;;He showed the title woman looking away as she stands at the door of a tent and drops the head of the title man into a bag in his Judith and Holofernes.  Three figures in a cloud on the upper right observe the action as a number of creatures flee from a goddess in his Minerva Chases the Vices from the Garden of Virtue.  He depicted six saints and Gianfrancesco Gonzaga surrounding the seated title figure in his Madonna of Victory.  His other biblical scenes include The Presentation in the Temple and The Agony in the Garden, painted in 1455.  FTP, name this artist who emphasized the pierced feet of Jesus in his Dead Christ.;;(Andrea) Mantegna
;;Two characters in this work go to Europe for a year, instead of the six months they originally intended to travel, and have a dispute at the end of August in a valley in the Alps.  The protagonist had a brother who died at the age of three, while her mother died a week after she was born.  That protagonist also has a sensible aunt named Mrs. Almond and a silly aunt named Mrs. Penniman, the latter of whom schemes with the man who wants to marry her.  That man lives off his widowed sister, Mrs. Montgomery, which is one of the reasons why Morris Townsend isn't allowed to marry the protagonist.  Written in 1880 and set during the 1840s, FTP, identify this novel about Catherine Sloper, a work by Henry James which is named for a place in New York.;;Washington Square
;;He published numerous poems in Poetry magazine, starting with 1919's "Mary, Mary My Love," and many of his lyrics appeared in the volume Dreams and Gibes.  He discussed the work of Gerard Manley Hopkins in his essay "The Heuristic Value of Rhyme," but he is better known for ethnographic works like "Song Recitative in Paiute Mythology" and "The Life of a Nootka Indian."  His longest ethnological work is a "study in method" which considers "time perspective in aboriginal American culture," though this student of the Athabascan languages and head of Yale's anthropology department in the 1930s is best known for positing a link between a person's language and his worldview.  FTP, name this thinker who along with Benjamin Whorf lends his name to a notable linguistic hypothesis.;;(Edward) Sapir
;;One man of this surname served as speaker of Maine's House of Representatives in the 1830s before helping to arrange the Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo as Polk's envoy to Mexico; he later replaced Benjamin Curtis on the Supreme Court before presiding over the Electoral Commission which decided the 1876 presidential election.  Another man of this surname was indicted along with his partner Robert Altman as a result of Robert Morgenthau's investigation of BCCI.  That man was chair of the Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board under Kennedy, and in 1968 succeeded Robert McNamara as secretary of defense.  FTP, give the surname common to Nathan and Clark which was shared by an animal adopted by Emily Elizabeth Howard, the latter of whom was a big red dog.;;Clifford
;;It gives its name to a solvent polarity scale based on the spectrum of N-ethyl-4-methylcarboxypyridinium iodide.  A structure given this designation has bases that alternate between C2-prime-endo and C3-prime-endo conformations.  In the lac operon, it designates the gene whose product is beta-galactosidase.  This letter also designates a structure that contains alpha-actinin and demarcates the boundaries of a sarcomere.  The compressibility factor P-V divided by R-T is known by this letter, as is a designation for structural isomers about a double bond.  Giving its name to a left-handed DNA helix and an isomer with higher-ranking groups on the same side, FTP identify this letter that also designates electrical impedance and atomic number.;;Z
;;A recent book about this concept by Martin Jay offered "modern American and European variations on a universal theme."  A 1933 book on this concept treated "historical," "scientific," and "practical" varieties of it.  That book, which dealt with this concept "and its modes," was written by Michael Oakeshott.  Another book on this concept included chapters titled "existence as precarious and as stable" and "nature, life, and body-mind," and comprised the first Paul Carus lectures.  That book, which dealt with this concept "and nature," was written by John Dewey.  FTP, name this philosophical concept, which was paired with "innocence" in a group of "songs" by William Blake.;;experience
;;The title character claims to have 94% recall, as he discovered from testing himself.  Later he travels to Costa Brava, Spain after his lover insists on going there to write.  The title character bonds with Laura Kinney by sympathizing with Danny Burke, and later insinuates himself into the family of Alvin Dewey, who is played by Chris Cooper. The title character's lover, Jack Dunphy, is played by Bruce Greenwood, while Bob Balaban plays William Shawn and Catherine Keener appears as the title character's friend and assistant, Harper Lee.  FTP, name this film which showcases the mendacity and general bitchiness of the author of In Cold Blood, a recent movie starring Philip Seymour Hoffman.;;Capote
;;One section features the "allegory of the sisters," in which it is said that Oholah and Oholibah played the whore and were stoned to death for their adultery.  The 24th chapter features the oracle at the death of the title figure's wife, in which the title figure is told not to  practice the usual rituals of mourning.  It ends in the 48th chapter with a discussion of the allotment of the lands and a description of the gates of the New Jerusalem, while the book opens in the 5th year of the exile of King Jehoiachin, when the titular son of Buzi has a vision of a chariot and is instructed to eat a scroll.  FTP, name this book of the Old Testament which includes a vision of a valley of dry bones and follows the book of Jeremiah.;;(the) (Book) (of) Ezekiel
;;After being captured by his rival, this member of the Hanan faction escaped death by tunneling out of his prison using a copper rod.  This man's forces later executed his rival's family under the leadership of his general Quizquiz [kizkiz].  He was imprisoned a second time after throwing down a Bible proffered by Valverde.  His accession to the throne was complicated by omission of the traditional search for divine portents on the lungs of a sacrificial llama following the death of his father Huayna Capac.  He was captured at Cajamarca after his army was victorious at a battle near Cuzco, and offered a room full of gold as ransom to Pizarro.  FTP, name this unfortunate Incan emperor.;;Atahualpa
;;According to the Hahn-Banach theorem, a linear function of this type on a subspace of a normed linear space has an extension with the same property.  For suitable domain and range, a differentiable function is Lipschitz continuous if and only if its derivative has this property.  Liouville showed that any entire function with this property must be constant.  In Euclidean space, any infinite subset with this property has an accumulation point, and compactness is equivalent to being closed and having this property.  FTP, name this property which implies that a set is of finite size.;;boundedness
;;A 1913 piano piece by Maurice Ravel was written "in the manner of" this composer.  This man wrote a string sextet in D minor while living in Germany, though his greatest work written away from his home country is a piano quintet in C minor.  His other chamber works include string quartets in A and D, while his orchestral works include symphonies in E flat major and B minor, as well as an unfinished symphony in A minor.  He wrote parts of operas entitled Mlada and The Heroic Warriors, but is better known for the unfinished Prince Igor.  FTP, name this member of the Russian "mighty five" who also wrote In the Steppes of Central Asia.;;(Alexander) Borodin
;;In the final chapters of this work, a "beautiful invalid has her fortune told in a bawdy house" and "four new characters are introduced to link the past to the present."  Earlier chapters feature a battle at Wild Goat Pool, a contest held at Carefree Lake, and a feast held by some of the title figures at Oriole-Throat Lake.  In its opening chapter, a painter named Wang Mien becomes a hermit to avoid taking a position offered him by Chu Yuan-ching, the first emperor of a new dynasty.  Other members of the title group include Mei Chiu and Fan Chin, who in the third chapter passes an examination.  FTP, name this novel written during the Ming dynasty by Wu Ching-tzu, a satire on the civil service system and the titular learned figures.;;(The) Scholars|Ru Lin Wai Shi
;;This deity, whose aspects include Chandi and Bhairavi, managed to defeat a demon who had been granted a boon from Brahma whereby every drop of blood that fell from his body could produce thousands of copies of him.  The current yuga is named for this deity, who was sometimes said to have sprung from the brow of the ten-armed, tiger-riding goddess Durga.  Her husband allowed her to trample him in her victory dance in order to save the world, explaining depictions of her standing over Shiva.  FTP, name this black earth-mother worshipped by the Thuggee.;;Kali
;;This process terminates with the proteolysis of S-c-c-one, a subunit of cohesin.  The ubiquitinating activity of APC is required to proceed to the next step, while nocodazole and colchicine prevent cells from progressing beyond this stage due to their microtubule depolymerizing activity.  Cytostatic factor is involved in the characteristic arrest of unfertilized oocytes in this stage of meiosis II.  Karyotyping is done on cells arrested in this stage of mitosis, when chromosomes are aligned along the namesake plate.  FTP, identify this mitotic stage that is followed by the separation of sister chromatids in anaphase.;;metaphase
;;During World War II this nation saw the so-called "War of the Pins," in which the citizens registered their opposition to a government headed by Gustav Simon.  For most of the last 30 years its politics has been dominated by the Christian Social People's Party, which has produced prime ministers like Jacques Santer and Jean-Claude Junker.  The Congress of Vienna made it an autonomous state under the control of the king of the Netherlands, though on the death of William III in 1890 it came under the control of the House of Nassau-Weilburg, which produced such rulers as Marie-Adelaide, Charlotte, and the current head of state, Henri.  FTP, name this landlocked European nation bordered by Germany, France, and Belgium, the world's foremost grand duchy.;;Luxembourg
;;It is the subject of the fifth essay in the book Must We Mean What We Say? by Stanley Cavell, who compares it to Dr. Strangelove and suggests that it takes place in the ark following the Biblical flood.  One character in it reminisces about an April afternoon on Lake Como in the so-called "story of the tailor."  At the opening, one character walks around with a step-ladder while another sits with a blood-stained handkerchief over his face and a whistle hanging from his neck.  The characters include two "accursed progenitors" in ashbins, Nagg and Nell.  FTP, name this one-act play which also features Clov and Hamm, a work by Samuel Beckett.;;Endgame|Fin de Partie
;;This event is described in a poem by Timotheus of Miletus of which only fragments survive.  It was precipitated by a slave named Sicinnus, who misled one of the commanders about a putative retreat.  In its aftermath, the island of Psyttaleia was recaptured, leading to the massacre of the elite guard of the losing side.  The commanders on the winning side included Adeimantus and Eurybiades, while the losing side featured Artemisia of Halicarnassus.  Named for an island in the Saronic Gulf, FTP, name this battle of 480 BC, a victory for the Greeks and Themistocles over Xerxes and his Persian forces.;;(the) (Battle) (of) Salamis
;;The ratio between two material-dependent quantities named for this man is given by the Weiss coefficient.  This man and his older brother discovered a phenomenon exhibited by 20 of the 21 point groups which lack a center of inversion.  That linear phenomenon is similar to a universal quadratic phenomenon representing the failure of Hooke's law in describing the changes in interionic distances with applied field, an effect known as electrostriction.  His law gives an inverse relationship between temperature and magnetization for paramagnetic materials.  Ferromagnetic materials become paramagnetic above a temperature known as his point.  FTP, name this man who discovered radium and polonium with his wife.;;(Pierre) Curie
;;This man's poems include an ode which asserts that the "spacious firmament on high" and the "blue ethereal sky" proclaim that they were created by an "Almighty Hand."  He wishes that he could "Raphael's godlike art rehearse" in a poem which notes that the Boin was an "inglorious" stream until "Nassau's sword" and the verse of Lord Halifax made its "billows through the world resound."  In addition to "A Letter from Italy," he wrote a play about a man whose sons Porcius and Marcus are in love with Lucia, while his daughter Marcia is loved by Juba.  In addition to that play about a man who killed himself at Utica, Cato, he wrote The Campaign and a number of essays with his chief collaborator.  FTP, name this co-founder of The Spectator who liked to hang out with Richard Steele.;;(Joseph) Addison
;;The 15th chapter of this book considers the income, business, precautionary, and speculative motives, which appear in a discussion of the "psychological and business incentives to liquidity."  That chapter appears in Book Four, "The Inducement to Invest," which follows a book that looks at the objective and subjective factors behind the "propensity to consume."  The first book discusses two postulates which define the "wage" and the "utility of the wage" which the author regards as fundamental to the "classical" school of thought, and which the author things are applicable only to a special case and not to his own economic society.  FTP, name this 1936 book which follows up on the Treatise on Money, the major work of John Maynard Keynes.;;(The) General Theory of (Employment) (Interest) (and) (Money)
;;This work notes that a character created by Henri Monnier, Monsieur Prudhomme, was "born with Christ," after which philosophers are informed that the "world has no age" and that while they are "in the Occident" they are "free to live" in their Orient.  Its final section, "Farewell," begins by noting that it is autumn already and includes the notorious claim that "one must be absolutely modern."  It also includes sections on "the foolish virgin" and the "alchemy of the word," which appear in "Delirium."  At the end of the opening section, the author offers a few "hideous pages" to Satan from his "notebook of one of the damned."  FTP, name this work in prose and verse finished after the author was shot by Paul Verlaine, a book by Arthur Rimbaud.;;(A) Season in Hell|(Une) Saison en Enfer
;;He showed two figures looking on behind the titular female figure while a man reaches down to the head of the sleeping titular male figure in his Samson and Delilah.  He showed a fat old man being supported by a man and a woman in his Silenus Drunk, while a bearded man in red has his hand on a woman's head in his snake-stuffed canvas Moses and the Serpent.  More famously, Raphael Racius, Nicholas Lanier, George Digby, and Henrietta Maria are among those whose portraits he painted.  FTP, name this artist who in the 1630s painted numerous portraits of King Charles I.;;(Sir) (Anthony) van Dyck
;;His albums include 1990's Perspective and the children's record SynthAnimals.  He collaborated with his wife on the allegedly humorous The Bald Book and 187 Men to Avoid, but is better known for fictional works.  In one of his novels, the titular virus is created by Ensei Tankado and has to be stopped by Susan Fletcher, while another of his novels features a mysterious meteorite found in a glacier.  He wrote about an attempt to use antimatter to destroy the Vatican in a novel which introduced Robert Langdon.  FTP, name this author of Digital Fortress, Deception Point, Angels and Demons, and of course The Da Vinci Code.;;(Dan) Brown
;;In the second act, the title character's husband sings the aria "Bannis la crainte et les alarmes" to soothe her, and after she is left alone with her people she sings that in spite of herself, her feeble heart shares their tender tears.  The first act features several "Pantomime" tunes which are heard in a temple, after which the title character sings "No, it is not a sacrifice."  The most famous aria, "Divinites du Styx," is sung in defiance of the gods of the underworld at the end of the first act, after which Evander congratulates the king on his recovery.  Featuring a scene at the gates of hell, it ends with Hercules retrieving the title character.  FTP, name this opera, a 1767 work about the husband of Admetus which was based on a Euripides play and composed by Christoph Gluck.;;Alceste|Alcestis
;;One of this author's last novels centers on a man who goes to a cemetery with an interior designer he has always loved to help her disinter her dead husband.  Another of his novels focuses on a journalist turned academic who goes to Eastern Europe when his mother-in-law is dying.  A novel this man published in 1959 centers on a man who leaves the country after his family's cook dies in their kitchen, after which he goes to Africa and falls in with the Wariri tribe.  In addition to The Actual, The Dean's December, and Henderson the Rain King, he has written  Seize the Day and Humboldt's Gift.  FTP, name this Nobel Prize winning American novelist of Herzog.;;(Saul) Bellow
;;It was divided into two branches centered at Iwakura and Kiyosu.  One member of this family fought two battles at Azukizaka against the Imagawa and Matsudaira clans. That man's son renamed one of the family's castles Gifu and built a grander castle at Azuchi.  Another was married to the daughter of Akechi Mitsuhide, who would betray the man who won the battle of Nagashino by using guns.  That victor also united the province of Owari, and destroyed the monastery at Hiei after deposing the shogun Yoshiaki in 1573.  FTP identify this family, which featured a member who deposed the last Ashikaga shogun, whose death was revenged by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and who was known as Nobunaga.;;Oda (clan)|(family)
;;This book concludes with a section of "notes and drafts" which includes discussions of "the theory of ghosts" and "the genesis of stupidity."  The previous section discusses "elements of anti-Semitism" as "limits" of the title concept, while the opening chapter which is devoted to that concept is followed by two excurses, which consider the figures of Odysseus and Juliette.  This book, which was dedicated to Friedrich Pollock, also includes a famous discussion of the title concept as "mass deception" in a chapter on the "culture industry."  FTP, name this book published in 1944 by two members of the Frankfurt School, Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno.;;Dialectic of Enlightenment|Dialektik der Aufklarung
;;This name identifies the title story of a collection of tales about Mark Berman which is the first book by David Bezmozgis.  It is also the name of a girl who falls in love with Vaska in Maxim Gorky's The Lower Depths.  A woman of this name marries Andrey Prozorov in The Three Sisters, while a "dance" of a better-known character by this name inspired the title of a book on Russian culture by Orlando Figes.  That character has a dalliance with Anatole Kuragin which ruins her relationship with Andrey Bolkonski, though she ends up marrying Pierre Bezukhov.  FTP, give this name of a character surnamed Rostova in War and Peace, which is also the name of a spy often seen with Boris Badenov in Rocky and Bullwinkle.;;Natasha
;;One branch of Taoism uses ensigillation to accomplish it, while Vietnamese Taoists often invoke Chen Xingdao when practicing it.  In Shintoism, it is often performed at a place known as a haraijo.  It is in violation of the rehat maryada, so Sikhs are forbidden to perform it, while the zar is an Islamic ceremony for it.  In Catholicism, a form of it is performed prior to baptism, while in Judaism it involves getting rid of a dybbuk.  FTP, name this ritual of casting out a demon which has possessed a person.;;exorcism
;;In the Bouveault reaction, two moles of it are added to disubstituted formamides to produce an aldehyde and a tertiary amine.  In solution, it exists in a Schlenk equilibrium with a complex whose formation is favored by the addition of dioxane.  With the addition of a copper catalyst, it can add to alpha-beta unsaturated aldehydes in a 1,4-fashion, though it generally adds in a 1,2- fashion, in agreement with its hardness.  In an alternative to the Barbier reaction, this type of molecule can produce tertiary alcohols from ketones in a nucleophilic reaction.  It also reacts with oxygen to produce an alcohol and with water to give the corresponding alkane.  FTP identify this group of compounds that is stabilized in ether and that is formed by the reaction of an alkyl halide and magnesium.;;Grignard (reagents)
;;William Cowper ["cooper"] wrote a poem about a "retired" one of these whose moral is "Beware of too sublime a sense / Of your own worth and consequence."  One of these is described as a "timid pensioner of us Powers" in a poem which concludes that in the autumn shade it moulders where it played, Thomas Hardy's "Last Words to a Dumb Friend."   Another of these is said to be "a mixture of gravity and waggery" and to worship God by "wreathing his body seven times round with elegant quickness" in some lines about Jeoffrey, which appear in Jubilate Agno by Christopher Smart.  One named Selima learns that all that glisters is not gold in a poem in which it drowns in a tub of goldfishes.  FTP, name the kind of animal which figures in that poem by Thomas Grey, other poetic examples of which include Bustopher Jones, Rum Tum Tugger, and Macavity.;;cats
;;After the death of Rabbel II, this man annexed the kingdom of Nabatea.  After he captured the city of Sarmizegethusa, his longtime opponent Decebalus was forced to commit suicide. He gave Parthamaspates a kingdom after deposing Osroes I, but the puppet ruler was himself deposed soon after this man died.  Upon his death, he was succeeded by a former governor of Syria who had married his niece.  He himself had been appointed to a consulship by Vespasian before being adopted by his predecessor, Nerva.  FTP, name this bellicose Roman emperor who was succeeded in 117 AD by Hadrian.;;Trajan
;;This school produced such NBA players as Don Adams, Billy McKinney, and Willie Jones.  In 2005, Luis Castillo became the eighth player from this school to be taken in the first round of the NFL draft, and in recent years it has sent such players as D'Wayne Bates and Noah Herron to the league.  One of the greatest NFL players to attend this school was quarterback Otto Graham, and it is also the alma mater of baseball great Joe Girardi.  Even though it had only fielded a team in the sport for four years, it shocked the world by winning the 2005 NCAA women's lacrosse championship.  FTP, name this Big Ten school whose football team is coached by Randy Walker, a university located in Evanston, Illinois.;;Northwestern (University)
;;He decried the killing of elephants for ivory in his novel The Aerial Village, while the oppression of the Quebecois was the subject of his Family Without a Name.  He prophesied that whales would soon be extinct in The Sphinx of the Ice, while after his death in 1905 his son Michel partially wrote a number of novels published under this man's name, including The Survivors of the Jonathan and The Golden Volcano.  He started his writing career as a playwright with works like Mister Chimpanzee, but is better known for the series of novels Pierre-Jules Hetzel began publishing in 1863, which included Five Weeks in a Balloon and The Mysterious Island.  FTP, name this prolific French author who also wrote Journey to the Center of the Earth and Around the World in Eighty Days.;;(Jules) Verne
;;A sultan of Delhi named Muhammad Tughlak and the case of Daniel Paul Schreber are discussed in the "rulers and paranoiacs" section of this book.  "The Escape of Josephus" and "The Resentment of the Dead" are discussed in "The Survivor," while the Muharram Festival of the Shiites and the War Booty of the Jivaros are among the topics considered in "The Pack and Religion."  The first section deals with the first of the two title subjects, and considers "the fear of being touched" and "panic."  The book argues that the second of its title subjects is created from the desire to get other men out of the way so as to be the only one.  FTP, name this 1960 study of collective behavior, the major work of Elias Canetti.;;Crowds and Power|Masse und Macht
;;Near the end of it, the Count of Chavigny died after trying to switch sides.  One part of it ended at the Peace of Rueil, after which Paul de Gondi and the Duke of Beaufort conspired to renew it.  One side's army was weakened by the battle of Rethel, but Archduke Leopold Wilhelm kicked in to keep it going.  Its lengthier second phase was led by some princes, while its first phase was led by the Parlement.  It began as a response to the policies of the regent, Anne of Austria, and her Italian-born minister.  FTP, name this series of civil wars fought in France starting in 1648.;;(the) Fronde
;;Drosophila lacks this enzyme that associates with the Ku [read:  coo] heterodimer and p23, a component of the foldosome.  It associates with a structure that itself interacts with Rap1 and Sir proteins and that has a G/T-rich sequence.  Its protein has a C-terminal domain involved in processivity as well as several reverse transcriptase motifs, while its RNA component acts as a template.  First discovered in Tetrahymena by Blackburn and Greider, FTP identify this enzyme that deals with the problem of lagging-strand shortening during DNA replication by extending the sequences at the ends of linear chromosomes.;;telomerase|telomere terminal transferase
;;He vowed to visit the shrine of the Virgin Mary at Loretto after having three dreams on the same night, the last of which involved a line from the seventh ode of Ausonius.  He responded to Henricus Regius's attack on his work in Comments on a Certain Broadsheet, while his first work was an unfinished collection of Rules for the Direction of the Mind.  An important guide to his thought is contained in the record of his 1648 conversation with Frans Berman, which took place a year before his The Passions of the Soul was published.  He abandoned The World after Galileo was condemned, but did publish Principles of Philosophy and a work with sections on optics, meteorology, and geometry.  FTP, name this French philosopher, who also wrote Meditations on First Philosophy and Discourse on the Method.;;(Rene) Descartes
;;He is the title character of Frederick Busch's novel The Night Inspector, in which a deformed ex-sharpshooter sells him the gun his son uses to commit suicide.  The definitive biography of this man is a two-volume work by Hershel Parker, who helped edit the Northwestern-Newberry edition of his writings, while this man's "world and work" were the subject of a recent book by Andrew Delbanco. This man is said to have seen the "dice of drowned men's bones bequeath an embassy" in a poem written at his "tomb" by Hart Crane, while this man's own poems include "The Berg," "The Maldive Shark," and the epic Clarel.  FTP, name this American author who also wrote about such characters as Pierre Glendenning, Israel Potter, Billy Budd, and Captain Ahab.;;(Herman) Melville
;;On the first Friday in July this city is home to a jazz festival which is its nation's largest music event.  In 1999 the Blue Diamond was added to its Royal Library, which along with a castle first built by Bishop Absalon sits on the island of Slotsholmen.  The Thott Palace lies on the King's New Square, which is also home to the Charlottenborg Palace.  It is connected to Malmo by the Oresund Link, and is also home to the Amalienborg Palace, the Tivoli amusement park, and a statue of the Little Mermaid.  FTP, name this European capital city on the islands of Amager and Zealand, the largest city of Denmark.;;Copenhagen
;;He divided industry into four parties in his Industry and Humanity, written after he accepted a post with the Rockefeller Foundation.  His book The Message of the Carillon is based on a speech he gave during Dominion Day festivities.  His time as leader of his country saw Lord Byng refuse his request to dissolve Parliament, an unprecedented move by a Governor-General.  His namesake, the first mayor of Toronto, led an 1837 rebellion in Upper Canada, and was arrested in the US for his involvement in the Caroline Affair.  FTP, name this man who served as Prime Minister of Canada on three non-consecutive occasions for a total of 21 years, named for his grandfather, William Lyon Mackenzie.;;(William) (Lyon) (Mackenzie) King
;;In one of his plays, Cleander is in love with the title character, but Cleander's father Nicomaco also loves her, and attempts to marry her to one of his servants so he can sleep with her.  In one of his novellas, Gianmatteo hides the title character in return for instruction on how to become rich, and later scares the title character into going back to Hell by telling him that his wife has come to see him.  In addition to Clizia and Belfagor, he wrote a play in which Callimaco returns from Paris to sleep with the married Lucrezia, a feat he accomplishes by telling her husband Nicia about the magical effects of the titular substance.  In addition to Mandragola, he wrote such prose works as The Art of War and Florentine Histories.  FTP, name this Italian author who also wrote The Prince.;;(Niccolo) Machiavelli
;;The fluctuation theorem is one attempt to resolve a paradox posited by the H-theorem about the change of this quantity.  The Sackur-Tetrode expression for it can be derived from the resolution of another paradox by considering particles indistinguishable.  The first term in its virial expansion is the negative of the ideal gas constant multiplied by the natural logarithm of pressure.  It is equal to the partial derivative of the Helmholtz free energy with respect to temperature at constant volume.  Another expression involving this state function is an inequality of Clausius, who gave it its name.  FTP identify this thermodynamic quantity that according to Boltzmann is proportional to the natural log of the number of microstates.;;entropy|S
;;His early works include a play about Remi, who has to decide whether to return to his people after attending university or continue to be the titular figure.  The first novel by this man features two brothers, a carpenter named Kamau and a scholar named Njoroge, who grow up during a rebellion.  In another novel by this man, Wanja, Karega, Abdullah, and Munira are imprisoned after a murder in Ilmarog.  His recent works include the "writer's prison diary" Detained, though he is better known for plays like The Black Hermit and novels like Weep Not, Child.  FTP, name this Kenyan author of Petals of Blood and A Grain of Wheat.;;Ngugi (wa) (Thiong'o)
;;This man's second secretary of the navy was the novelist who wrote Swallow Barn.  His secretary of the treasury was a former governor of Ohio who was nicknamed "Wagon Boy" and who proposed an amendment to the Constitution which would have outlawed other Constitutional amendments from affecting slavery.  In addition to John Pendleton Kennedy and Thomas Corwin, his cabinet featured secretary of war Charles Conrad, while his second secretary of state was Edward Everett.  More notably, his attorney general was John Crittenden.  FTP, name this man who had no vice president, having become president in 1850 upon the death of Zachary Taylor.;;(Millard) Fillmore
;;Its first period ended when the capital was lost to a dynasty founded by Aguda.  The second half of this dynasty was founded by the signer of the Treaty of Shaoxing with Aguda's dynasty, the Jurchen Jin Dynasty, and ended with defeat at the battle of Yamen, where the royal palace had moved from the capital of Hangzhou.  This dynasty saw the bureaucratic reforms of Wang Anshi, who was opposed by officials such as the poet Su Dongpo.  Zhu Xi and other notable neo-Confucians also lived during this dynasty.  Arising out of the Zhou, the last of the Five Dynasties in the preceding period of turmoil, FTP identify this Chinese dynasty that lasted from 960 to 1279 AD and was succeeded by the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.;;Song|Sung (Dynasty)
;;A relativistic treatment of this phenomenon gives startling predictions in the case of an overcritical potential, a fact related to pair production in the Klein paradox.  Wigner used the stationary phase approximation to show that it can occur at superluminal speeds.  Gurney, Condon and Gamow used a simple treatment of this phenomenon to calculate the energy dependence of alpha decay half-life using a decaying exponential to model the associated wave function inside the Coulomb barrier.  FTP, name this phenomenon in which a particle incident on a classically-forbidden potential barrier has a non-zero probability to leak through.;;tunneling
;;In one of this author's poems, the speaker meets the "wind of the hundred days" while spending a half-hour in the cupola of the Ladies' Garden.  He concludes that "the afternoon has become invisible" in a poem which notes that Nirvana is Samsara, but Samsara is not Nirvana.   "Happiness in Herat" and "On reading John Cage" appeared in East Slope, while he wrote about "words that are flowers that are fruits that are acts" at the end of the "Hymn among the Ruins" which appears in The Violent Season.  He used an epigraph from Gerard de Nerval's "Arthemis" at the beginning of a poem about living in Madrid in 1937, while he cited Mallarme and the Havajra Tantra at the beginning of "Blanco."  FTP, name this author of Sun Stone, A Draft of Shadows, and The Labyrinth of Solitude, who is considered the greatest Mexican poet of the 20th century.;;(Octavio) Paz
;;The second chapter of this book discusses Schiller's ideas upon the "problem" of the titular things, while the fifth chapter deals with the problem in poetry and compares the Prometheus of Carl Spitteler with that of Goethe.  Chapter Eight looks at the problem in "modern philosophy" by considering William James's views on such subjects as "rationalism vs. empiricism," and the book's eleventh and final chapter is a series of "definitions" of such terms as "soul-image," "introjection," "libido," and "anima."  In the Introduction, the author claims that his practical medical work with nervous patients has led him to posit a basic distinction between individuals.  FTP, name this book that distinguishes between "extroverted" and "introverted" forms of the titular thing, a work by Carl Jung.;;Psychological Types(,)|(The) (Psychology) (of) (Individuation)
;;After his son and successor was assassinated, another of this man's sons took the throne and instituted persecutions of Buddhists before being overthrown by the Buddhist governor of Khorasan, Arghun.  After capturing Lurestan, this man seized the fortress of Alamut without a struggle and went on to execute al-Musta'sim, who was allegedly rolled up in a rug and trampled to death.  In the course of those exploits, he founded a dynasty whose later rulers would include Mahmud Ghazan, the Il-Khanid dynasty.  His general Kitbuqa was killed following his army's defeat by the Mameluks at Ain Jalut.  FTP, name this brother of Mangu who in 1258 sacked Baghdad, a war-mongering grandson of Genghis Khan.;;Hulagu (Khan)|Hulegu (Khan)
;;Structures that may lie along its central structure include Tiedemann's bodies, believed to produce immune cells known as coelomocytes, and Polian vesicles, which are lacking in crinoids.  That central structure is also linked to the stone canal, which itself is connected to the madreporite, the entry point into this system.  Branching off the central ring canal are usually five ambulacra, which themselves branch into terminal structures containing an ampulla and a muscular podium.  Providing a system for locomotion, circulation, and respiration in a phylum of deuterostomes, FTP identify this system that provides fluid to tube feet and that is unique to echinoderms.;;water vascular (system)
;;He wrote about his time spent in the south of France with Janice Biala in From Minstrels to the Machine, while his years in Paris were the subject of It Was the Nightingale.  Many critics feel that his trilogy of historical novels, The Fifth Queen, is among his finest works.  A more famous sequence of novels by him centers on a character who loves Valentine Wannop and dislikes his wife Sylvia.  Those novels include A Man Could Stand Up and Last Post, which concluded the saga of Christopher Tietjens.  FTP, name this English author of Parade's End, better known for a 1915 novel about Edward Ashburnham, The Good Soldier.;;(Ford) (Madox) Ford
;;According to Festus the people associatd with this event were also known as "crepi," perhaps because they used something known as a "februum."  It began with a sacrifice of goats and a dog, after which two men had their foreheads marked with a bloody knife and then had the blood wiped away with wool which had been soaked in milk.  Later, the priests ran around a hill and hit women with strips of goat-skin, which was said to make the women fertile.  Held annually on February 15, it was associated with Faunus as well as with the legendary creature who nursed Romulus and Remus.  FTP, name this Roman festival whose name comes from the Latin for "wolf.".;;Lupercalia
;;He was succeeded as leader of his party by a man who was known as the "dollar dictator," John Redmond.  After gaining fame through the obstructionist tactics he practiced with his ally Joseph Biggar, he signed the "New Departure" compact with John Devoy and Michael Davitt, which set forth the program for the Land War.  Later he fell from favor after refusing to back the Plan of Campaign, though his career didn't come to a close until 1889, when he was disasterously named as a co-respondent in the O'Shea divorce.  FTP, name this nationalist who worked to obtain Home Rule as chairman of the Irish parliamentary party in the 1880s.;;(Charles) (Stewart) Parnell
;;One of this man's works features the lengthy "Oh my beloved, why are you not here?" which is sung by a sergeant named Araquil who loves Anita, the titular girl from Navarre.  The title character of an earlier opera by this man sings such arias as "When any son returns to his home" and "She'll be another's wife," which follows his discovery that Charlotte will be marrying Albert.  In addition to that opera based on Goethe's Werther, he wrote an 1894 opera set during the 4th century AD in which a monk named Athanael tries to convert the title courtesan.  FTP, name this composer who included a famous "meditation" for solo violin in his Thais and who also wrote Manon.;;(Jules) Massenet
;;It includes a "Crime Journal" in which John Raskolnikov Gilson describes killing an idiot with a knife, after which he goes out and flirts with some sailors.  The title character meets Maloney the Areopagite, who tells him the story of Saint Puce, a flea who spent his entire life in the armpit of Jesus Christ.  At the end of the novel he has sex with Mary McGeeney, a teacher who is writing a biography of Samuel Perkins, the man who wrote the biography of the man who wrote the biography of the man who wrote the biography of the man who wrote the biography of Boswell.  The entire book apparently takes place within the Trojan Horse, which the title character enters via the anus.  FTP, name this surrealistic work of fiction, the first novel by Nathaniel West.;;(The) Dream Life of Balso Snell
;;The seventh man of this name was chosen by Alberic II to replace Alberic's half-brother John XI, and during his three-year rule supported the reforms of Odo of Cluny.  The fourth man of this name succeeded Sergius II and created an alliance that defeated the Saracens in a naval battle outside Ostia in 849.  The ninth man of this name was originally known as Bruno of Egisheim and was taken prisoner when he led a campaign against the Normans, while the most recent man to take this name was born Gioacchino Pecci and during his 25-year rule issued Rerum Novarum.  FTP, give this Papal moniker which was shared by a saint who persuaded Attila the Hun to leave Italy and by a man who in 800 crowned Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor.;;Leo
;;This man's name is given to any locally connected continuum.  Any such continuum is, according to the Hahn-Mazurkiewicz theorem, a Hausdorff space that is the continuous image of the closed unit interval.  This man also gave an example of a mapping based on the ternary system from the unit interval onto the unit square.  That map is continuous and surjective, generating this man's namesake space-filling curve.  He also gives his name to a set of propositions, including such gems as "two numbers are equal if their successors are equal," "zero is a number," and the induction axiom.  FTP, name this Italian mathematician whose axioms define the natural numbers.;;(Giuseppe) Peano
;;The last of them includes a discussion of the Mosaic account of the Creation, which centers on the notion that it is impossible for the creation of inanimate creatures to have preceded the creation of man.  That one advances a distinction between an "ectypal" and an "archetypal" state of things to explain Creation, and ends with an image of water rising from a fountain which is purported to show that the same principles which at first lead to scepticism eventually bring men back to common sense.  They were intended to demonstrate the incorporeal nature of the soul and the "reality and perfection of human knowledge," and extended views first published in the Principles of Human Knowledge published in 1710.  FTP, name this philosophical work in which two characters discuss whether it is the case that "to be is to be perceived," a set of dialogues by George Berkeley.;;Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous
;;In one of this man's stories, a young proof-reader meets a prostitute named Vera outside the "Sympathy" restaurant, and after pretending to be a homosexual whore receives the titular sum after spending the night having sex.  In addition to "My First Fee," he wrote a story about a man who impresses his comrades by stepping on a goose's head and forcing an old woman to cook it, while another of his stories features a scene in a graveyard in which Reb Arie-Leib describes the exploits of Benya Krik, the noted gangster.  This author disappeared after being arrested by the Soviet police in 1939.  FTP, name this Russian Jewish author of Red Cavalry and Odessa Tales.;;(Isaac) Babel
;;Transition metals with zero or ten d electrons tend to favor this geometry with D3h symmetry over another geometry with C4v symmetry.  Ligands can interconvert via Berry pseudorotation, which may result in equivalence of axial and equatorial ligands.  It has been suggested as an intermediate in substitution reactions of square planar platinum-II complexes, and, including lone pairs, is the geometry adopted by sulfur tetrafluoride and the triiodide anion.  It is generally more energetically stable than the edge-bridged tetrahedron and square pyramid geometries.  FTP identify this geometry that according to VSEPR theory is favored for molecules with five ligands.;;trigonal bipyramidal
;;An 1890 case in which one Bernard Hans was the plantiff helped to expand the domain of this piece of legislation, though that decision was qualified 18 years later in Ex parte Young.  In a 1976 case, Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer, the Court determined that Congress could override the protections guaranteed by this if they conflict with the 14th Amendment.  Two years earlier, the Court ruled in Edelman v. Jordan that a federal court couldn't force Illinois to pay funds which had been illegally withheld from applicants for aid.  It was a response to a Supreme Court ruling of 1793 which found that Article III, Section 2 of the Constitution allowed courts to hear disputes between individuals and states.  FTP, name this amendment to the Constitution which was ratified in 1795 and  which found that states were immune from suits from citizens of other states.;;(the) Eleventh (Amendment)|(Amendment) 11
;;In one section of this work, a dog is nearly beaten to death after it makes the mistake of attacking a cat which had been granted the headdress of nobility.  In another section, a comical chamberlain leaves his shoes on a serving-board, which causes much indignation.  The earliest extant version of this work is known as the Maedabon and dates from the 13th century, and is known as one of the bunruiteki versions, in contrast to the zassanteki versions such as the Sankanbon.  It is comprised of a number of short sections with such titles as "things that give a clean feeling" and "things worth seeing."  FTP, name this work probably written around the year 1000 AD by Sei Shonagon.;;(The) Pillow Book|Makura no soshi
;;Its early sections deal with the theft of pigs, goats, and bees, before it considers such vexed topics as a "man who touches the hand or arm or finger of a free woman" and "skinning a dead horse without the consent of its owner."  It was decided upon by four men from such regions as Salchem and Widoheim, among whom were Salcgast and Wisogast.  It mostly consists of penalties attached to a variety of crimes, though one of its provisions in civil law later proved influential.  It was written in the first decade of the 6th century AD, under the reign of Clovis, and more than 800 years later it helped bring about the Hundred Years' War.  FTP, name this legal code of the Franks, which contains a notorious chapter forbidding daughters from inheriting land.;;Salic (Law)|(Lex) Salica
;;In a mean-field treatment with isotropic turbulence, the evolution of this type of system is characterized by a pseudoscalar linearly related to the helicity spectrum.  They are termed "fast" if the real part of the eigenfrequency does not decrease in the limit of zero resistivity.  The pseudoscalar alpha is the namesake of an effect in these systems which can produce a poloidal field in the presence of a toroidal field.  Galactic and stellar magnetic fields are thought to be produced by this type of system operating in rotating bodies of conducting fluid.  FTP, name these systems which can self-excite magnetic fields.;;dynamo
;;One of this artist's early works shows a young man wearing an enormous fur hat and holding a jug of beer with both hands.  He depicted a terrifying woman with an owl sitting on her left shoulder and an even larger stein of beer in her right hand in his Malle Babbe, while one of his outdoor scenes depicts a fisherman standing below a tower on a cliff and playing a fiddle.  Another of his paintings shows a young man wearing a hat with an enormous pink feather dangling down toward the skull held in his left hand, though he may be better known for group portraits, like that of the governors of the hospital of Saint Elizabeth or of the banquet of the officers of the civic guard of Saint Andrew, painted around 1630.  FTP, name this Dutch artist from Haarlem who painted the Jolly Topper and the Laughing Cavalier.;;(Frans) Hals
;;Book Two of this work deals with "causes and conditions" on which the title concept is dependent and begins by considering the "progress" of that concept along with that of happiness.  This book's first chapter begins by discussing the meaning of the word "function" and notes that the function of the title concept is not to produce civilization, while later chapters consider the "organic solidarity" that is due to the title concept.  The third part deals with "abnormal forms" of the title concept, such as the "forced" and "anomic" varieties.  FTP, name this book published in 1893, a study of the organization of superior societies which was written by Emile Durkheim.;;(The) Division of Labor in Society|(De) (la) division du travail social
;;The territory disputed in this conflict saw a settlement destroyed by the US warship Lexington in 1831.  The territory in question was also the site of a victory for Doveton Sturdee over the victor of the earlier Battle of Coronel.  One side was led by a man who had overseen the late phases of the Process of National Reorganization.  That side suffered approximately half of its total casualties with the sinking of the cruiser General Belgrano.  The end of the conflict saw Leopoldo Galtieri resign three days after the surrender of the garrison in Stanley.  FTP, name this 1982 conflict between Argentina and the UK over some islands in the South Atlantic.;;(the) Falklands War|(la) Guerra de las Malvinas
;;This functional group may decompose to a reactive species that can rearrange or dimerize more rapidly than carbenes.  The reaction of nitrous acid with a reagent used in Wolff-Kishner reduction can produce it, as does a reaction involving triphenylphosphine and the production of an iminophosphorane intermediate, known as the Staudinger reaction.  Reactions named for Curtius and Schmidt feature this functional group rearranging to an isocyanate group.  Lithium aluminum hydride reacts with it to produce primary amines via reduction.  Consisting of three atoms of the same element double bonded to each other and with a net minus-one charge, FTP identify this functional group that when heated releases nitrogen gas.;;azides
;;She appeared as Beth in 2005's I Want Someone to Eat Cheese With, while her earlier dramatic oeuvre includes roles as Rain Robinson in a two-part episode of Star Trek: Voyager and as Brenda in There's Something About Mary.  She played Patty, the annoying girlfriend of Ned Schneebly, in the Jack Black vehicle The School of Rock.   She spent a season as a writer on Saturday Night Live in the early '90s, but is better known for claiming  to "love chinks" and for asserting that Joe Franklin raped her.  FTP, name this comedian who in 2005 released the film Jesus Is Magic, the girlfriend of Jimmy Kimmel who also gained acclaim for her work in The Aristocrats.;;(Sarah) Silverman
;;By a coincidence, this woman's son was discovered exposed on a hillside by king Corythus's shepherds at the same time that Corythus's cattle-herders found Auge's son by Heracles.  Her son later defeated the Argonaut Idas, and was one of the Seven Against Thebes.  The centaurs Hylaeus and Rhaecus decided to ravish her, but she killed them and then went to stand by the side of Cleopatra's husband, who had fallen in love with her.  She wound up yoked to the chariot of Cybele in the form of a lion alongside her husband Hippomenes or Melanion, who used three golden apples to distract her during a footrace. FTP, name this huntress to whom the infatuated Meleager gave the pelt of the Calydonian Boar.;;Atalanta
;;Its first part ends with a section offering rebuttals to five arguments offered by "laymen and lewd folk" that God does not allow power to a certain group.  Earlier "questions" in the first part inquire whether the title group can "hebetate the powers of generation" or make the "male organ appear to be entirely removed and separate from the body."  This work was produced in response to the papal bull Summis Desiderantes, which had been promulgated by Innocent VIII.  It was written by a dean of the University of Cologne and the professor at the University of Salzberg, Johann Sprenger and Heinrich Kraemer.  FTP, name this book which appeared around 1486, a standard medieval work on the detection and exposure of witches.;;Malleus Maleficarum|Hammer of Witches
;;The title figure hopes that his son will be able, through "slow prudence," to "make mild" a "rugged people" who need to be subdued to "the useful and the good."  He addresses a group who have always "with a frolic welcome" taken both the "thunder and the sunshine," and hopes that they will assist him in performing  a task "not unbecoming" to "men that strove with Gods."  Earlier images in the poem include the "rainy Hyades," which are said to have "vext the dim sea" through "scudding drifts," and a comparison of experience to an "arch wherethro' / Gleams that untravell'd world."  The speaker hopes to "touch the Happy Isles" and "see the great Achilles" if his voyage is successful, and is determined "to strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield."  FTP, name this dramatic monologue about an "idle king" written by Alfred Tennyson.;;Ulysses
;;After he was overruled by his own government when he tried to launch an inquiry into the Lavon Affair, he decided to retire to his home at Sdi Boker, where he tended sheep.  He returned to politics a few years later, founding the Rafi party which won ten seats in the 1965 elections.  Before his retirement, his Mapai party dominated the country's politics.  One of his first important acts in office was to dissolve the Lehi faction following the assassination of Counrt Bernadotte, the UN mediator in Palestine.  FTP, name this political leader who led Haganah before 1948, the first prime minister of Israel.;;(David) Ben(-)Gurion
;;Matroid theory was introduced to determine when this type of technique is optimal.  One example, which makes use of the floor function, can be used to determine the decomposition, if it exists, of any integer into McNugget numbers.  The Prim-Jarnik and Kruskal approaches to computing minimum spanning trees are both examples of this type of method.  The single-source shortest path problem for a directed graph with non-negative edge weights can be solved using Dijkstra's algorithm, an example of this class of algorithms.  FTP, name this type of algorithm which always takes the best available temporary solution on its way to a final answer.;;greedy (algorithm)
;;The title character is admired by Fauchery, who sees her in The Blonde Venus.  She goes on to receive a very nice gift from a banker named Steiner, after which she has an affair with George, the young son of her new neighbor Madame Hugon.  Later, George stabs himself in her bedroom after she humiliates her lover Muffat de Beuville, who comes upon her sleeping with his old father-in-law, the Marquis de Chouard.  In the end, the title character dies of smallpox during the Franco-Prussian War.  FTP, name this 1880 novel from the Rougon-Macquart series, a work by Emile Zola about a woman who sleeps around a lot.;;Nana
;;One of this man's books includes a chapter on "Mathematics as an element in the history of thought," which is followed by a chapter on "the century of genius."  That book, which consists of his 1925 Lowell Lectures, argues that "organism" should replace "matter" in the philosophy of science, and discusses the impact of science on the modern world.  His major work appeared in the Gifford Lectures he delivered in 1927, which were published as "an essay in cosmology" and which argued that the universe is composed of occasions of experience.  His books include Adventures of Ideas and The Concept of Nature, in addition to Process and Reality.  FTP, name this British philosopher who started out as a mathematician, in which capacity he collaborated on Principia Mathematica with Bertrand Russell.;;(Alfred) (North) Whitehead
;;The one of Virchow can give a positive Troisier's sign when palpated above the clavicle.  Blood enters through high endothelial venules, or HEV's, and exits from its hilum.  Certain cells pass from the HEV's to the paracortex, then from there to the cortex, which contains secondary follicles consisting of a mantle zone surrounding a germinal center.  Entry of pathogens through the skin results in plasma cell differentiation and T cell maturation inside it.  Subcapsular sinuses provide the entry point for a fluid that is filtered by macrophages.  FTP identify this collection of small bean-shaped structures that filter blood plasma, and whose swelling is often indicative of metastatic cancer.;;lymph nodes
;;In this author's second novel, Kitty Ellison turns down a proposal after her suitor is embarrassed to introduce her to some people.  His next novel was set in Italy, and featured a hapless inventor named Don Ippolito and a painter named Ferris, both of whom love a woman named Florida.  In addition to A Chance Acquaintance and A Foregone Conclusion, he wrote about a female physician in Dr. Breen's Practice and about the love of a publisher named Theodore Colville in Indian Summer.  More famously, he wrote about the divorce of Marcia and Bartley Hubbard in A Modern Instance.  FTP, name this American author of The Rise of Silas Lapham.;;(William) (Dean) Howells
;;The Duke of Schomberg was killed at this battle, at which his son Meinhard drew the losing army to the left after crossing the river at Rosnaree. It was less bloody than a battle that was fought a year and 11 days later, Aughrim, at which the army of the marquis de Saint-Ruth was routed.  Both monarchs were present in person at this battle fought on July 1, though the loser was widely mocked after his sudden flight from the battlefield.  The losers garrisoned Drogheda before this battle, which was fought to oppose William III's march to Dublin.  FTP, name this battle of 1690 in Ireland, at which the army of James II was forced to retreat.;;(the) (Battle) (of) (the) Boyne
;;The spheroids named for this man model rotating stars and predict gravity darkening near their equators.  Independently of George Hill, he discovered the Hill sphere, within which stable orbits in a three-body system are possible.  That sphere extends between the L1 and L2 Lagrange points, and another construct named for him has a node at the L1 point.  One of those constructs fills with material during mass transfer in semidetached binary systems.  In addition to introducing his namesake lobes, he proposed that the rings of Saturn were generated by tidal breakup of a large moon.  FTP, name this Frenchman who calculated the distance at which tidal forces from a primary overwhelm the self-gravity of a secondary, known as his limit.;;(douard) Roche
;;In one text, this god's nose begins bleeding when he is forced to bow to a god sometimes referred to as Lord of Blood and Butchery.  He was sometimes equated with Baal, leading to stories in which he defeats the sea-god Yam and rescues Astarte.  He sometimes assumed the form of the bull Bata, and his son Maga was a crocodile.  As the strongest god, he was invaluable in defeating Apophis.  In the form of a black boar he swallowed the moon, which represented the eye of his enemy, who sometimes took the form of a falcon.  FTP, name this husband of Nephthys who fought with his nephew Horus after killing his brother Osiris.;;Seth
;;Along with Richard Sutch, he developed a theory to explain the term structure of interest rates which is known as the "preferred habitat" hypothesis.  His first work on the theory of saving led to a hypothesis named for him and Duesenberry, while his later collaboration with a grad student named Richard Brumberg at the University of Illinois led to his development of the "life cycle" hypothesis of saving.  In the 1960s he began work on a model of the American economy which is known as the "MPS" model, though he may be best known for a 1958 theorem which suggests that a firm's value is independent of the way in which it is financed.  FTP, name this economist who won the Nobel Prize in 1985, largely for that theorem he developed with Merton Miller.;;(Franco) Modigliani
;;He called for the federal government to put out daily weather reports, which led to his being known as the father of the National Weather Service.  While in the House, he also co-sponsored a tariff on wool with John Bingham, and became Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee in 1871.  As a senator, he sponsored legislation to complete the Washington Monument, but is best known for sponsoring an act which would be amended by the Burke Act of 1906.  That namesake act would finally be reversed by the Wheeler-Howard Act of 1934, and provided 160 acres to heads of families who were given land to which the government maintained a trust patent.  FTP, name this Massachusetts Congressman who in 1887 wrote an Indian Emancipation Act which is often given his name.;;(Henry) Dawes
;;His dilemma is based on his proposal of a substitution cost for natural selection, while his rule relates heterozygote inviability and sterility.  He suggested that heterozygosity for the beta-thalassemia gene might confer resistance to malaria, while in more biochemical work, he collaborated with Briggs on a derivation of the Michaelis-Menten equation.  Known also for popularizing science in such works as "On Being the Right Size" and "Daedalus or Science and the Future," FTP, name this British biologist whose speculation on the chemical origin of life on Earth is frequently linked with that of Oparin and was later verified by Miller and Urey.;;(John) (Burdon) (Sanderson) Haldane
;;He painted the dying Queen Christina realizing that her attendant Sentinelli is a murderer, in an illustration of Christine.  He painted the penitent title character walking barefoot through London in an illustration of Nicholas Rowe's Jane Shore, while his Interior of a Dominican Convent in Madrid was inspired by Maturin's Melmoth the Wanderer.  His Murder of the Bishop of Liege was one of the five paintings he based on Scott's Quentin Durward, while he was inspired by Shakespeare to paint Hamlet and Horatio in the Graveyard.  His Byronic works include one with a decapitated doge, the Execution of Marino Faliero, and another which scandalized the Salon of 1827 in its depiction of the last descendant of Semiramis, the Death of Sardanapalus.  FTP, name this French painter of Liberty Leading the People.;;(Eugene) Delacroix
;;In the first chapter, we encounter an old man who prefers his insect collection and his dog Nimrod to the company of his wife, who is anxiously awaiting the return of her son after 15 years abroad.  In the epilogue, we learn that Mr. Christian received his thousand pounds, while a church in Malthouse Yard selected a pastor "whose doctrine was rather higher" than that of the previous incumbent.  Set in a village in North Loamshire, its title character is sentenced to four years in prison for manslaughter after being involved in a drunken riot, but Rufus Lyon's daughter marries him all the same.  That young woman is also desired by Harold Transome, who scandalizes his mother by running for Parliament as a liberal.  FTP, name this 1866 novel about a poor watch-maker who loves Esther Lyon, a work by George Eliot.;;Felix Holt(,) the Radical
;;In one of them, Nansen cuts a cat in two and Joshu puts his sandals on his head after hearing about it.  In another one, two monks roll up a screen and Hogen comments on their states.  In yet another, a man tells of how he turned into a fox after making a claim involving the law of causation.  Those appear in a work by a man named Ekai, though he was also known as Mumon.  That work, The Gateless Gate, is one of the two chief collections of them, along with the Pi-yen lu or Blue Cliff Records.  FTP, identify this kind of statement popular in the Rinzai sect of Zen Buddhism, a paradoxical remark such as "What is the sound of one hand clapping?".;;koans
;;In the context of structure formation, primordial perturbations are divided between this type and isocurvature perturbations.  Under the approximation of this name, a cyclic process results in a net geometric phase known as Berry's phase.  For finite motion, the action variable is an invariant of this type.  By the theorem of this name, a discrete, non-degenerate eigenstate will go to the corresponding final eigenstate if the system evolves between initial and final Hamiltonians sufficiently slowly.  The atmospheric lapse rate of this name uses the assumption that the air is thermally insulated.  In thermodynamics, a reversible process of this type is isentropic.  FTP, give this term used to denote processes in which there is no heat flow.;;adiabatic
;;He noted that Emily Dickinson's poems are more alive than "Mrs F who teaches / farmers' red daughters and their beaux" in his "Your Birthday in Wisconsin You Are 140."  He asserted that the "original fault was whether wickedness / was soluble in art" before quoting Jacques Maritain on history in the opening poem to his sequence "Sonnets to Chris," while he wrote "Hover, utter, still / a sourcing  whom my lost candle like the firefly loves" in the 57th and final poem of a sequence devoted to an author who "crossed in the Arbella" in 1630 under Governor Winthrop.  His volumes include The Dispossessed and Love & Fame, in addition to the long poem Homage to Mistress Bradstreet.  FTP, name this American poet of The Dream Songs.;;(John) Berryman
;;He attempted to reign as Hongxian emperor, but that plan was aborted within six months due to an uprising by the Republic-Protection Campaign in Yunnan province.  Previously, he had earned notice as a subordinate of Li Hongzhang, as commander in a war initiated by the Donghak revolution, and as a general of the New Army.  His leadership was called into question when he considered the provisions of the Twenty-One Demands, and he was responsible for the assassination of Song Jiaoren, a founder of the Kuomintang.  Known for leading Chinese forces in the Sino-Japanese War and ascending to power after the Wuchang uprising, FTP identify this man who helped arrange for Pu Yi's abdication and who became the first president of the republic of China.;;Yuan (Shikai)
;;In the urea cycle, it is produced two steps after the action of argininosuccinase before being transaminated to aspartate.  Most amino acids and lactate need to be converted to it in order to be used as glucose because it acts as a high-energy carboxylated intermediate in the conversion of pyruvate to its phosphorylated enol.  Isocitrate lyase and malate synthase allow for production of it from two molecules of acetyl coA in the glyoxylate cycle.  It is also the product of PEP carboxylase in the C4 pathway.  FTP identify this four-carbon molecule that after being produced from malate, reacts with acetyl coA to initiate the citric acid cycle.;;oxaloacetate|oxaloacetic acid|OAA
;;In its final pages we learn how a man named Cutwolf took revenge on Esdras by shooting him in the throat, after which a torturer broke Cutwolf on the wheel and put "venomous stinging worms" into his ears.  That story prompts the title character to marry his courtesan, leave the "Sodom of Italy," and go to the camp of the King of England between Ardes and Guines.  The title character meets the pornographic writer Pietro Aretino, and describes the massacre of John of Leyden's Anabaptists in Munster.  The work is dedicated to Henry Wriothesley, and describes the adventures of a page named Jack Wilton.  FTP, name this prose romance of 1594, a work by Thomas Nashe.;;(The) Unfortunate Traveller
;;The title figure's poetry includes such lyrics as "I Cut Because I Can," which impressed a member of the Moon Calf Collective.  Its second episode centered on some credit card fraud which was actually perpetrated by Chango to pay for his fling with a girl named Caitlin, a character played by Paris Hilton.  In the previous episode, we saw the title character help a boy who was taped to a flagpole, and learned that she had been drugged at a party and possibly raped.  The central event of the first season actually took place on October 3, 2003, when the title character's friend Lilly Kane was murdered.  FTP, name this show on UPN in which Kristen Bell plays the titular high school student and private investigator.;;Veronica Mars
;;One of its later rulers was Pacorus, who took the throne after overthrowing his nephew.  Its third ruler was Priapatius, who was the father of three of its other kings.  It was ruled from several capitals, including Dara and Hecatompylos, from which monarchs like Sanatruces and Phraates III reigned.  It won a major victory against Rome at Carrhae, where Crasses was defeated, and lasted for three more centuries before being overthrown by Ardashir and his feisty Sassanids.  FTP, name this empire located in modern-day Iran, which was founded by Arsaces and ruled by great men like Vologases and Mithridates.;;Parthia|(the) Parthian (Empire)
;;In some cases, this function can be expressed as the square of a polynomial known as the Pfaffian.  The content of a simplex can be calculated using the one named for a man who showed that every group is isomorphic to a subgroup of a permutation group and a man who developed a 3D generalization of the Sierpinski carpet.  It can be characterized as the alternating, n-linear function which returns 1 for the identity.  For a linear operator, this function acting on the operator minus a variable times the identity gives the characteristic polynomial of the operator.  It can be calculated using the method of cofactor expansion, and it can be used to solve a system of linear equations by Cramer's rule.  FTP, name this function which, for a 2 by 2 matrix a b c d, is equal to a d minus b c.;;determinant