;;Morava et al. discussed defects in this process in kids suffering from Cutis Laxa, and tunicamycin is used to inhibit one form of this process in laboratory tests. The Walker-Warburg syndrome and Jaeken syndrome are both caused by defects in enzymes which are important to this process. This process' variation between species is responsible for the specificity of interactions between the sperm and zona pellucida. The addition of GlcNAc at serine and threonine in the nucleus and the cytoplasm is one example of this process, while in another, dolichol  oligosaccharide precursor is added at aspargine residues. Those are the O-linked and N-linked types of this process. FTP, identify this post-translational modification which results in a sugar being bound to a protein.;;glycosylation
;;This piece was commissioned by Sergei Koussevitsky, and is the second work of a trilogy including Harawi and Cinq rechants. Its first movement begins with seven continuous thirds played fortissimo by trombones, while its third movement features a theme played by clarinets and an ondes martenot. Its fifth movement, a scherzo titled "Joy of the Blood of the Stars," is followed by a peaceful movement portraying the repose of two lovers, "Garden of Love's Sleep." This piece features a "statue" theme and a "flower" theme, as well as a "love" theme that dominates its tenth and final movement. Inspired by Hindu rhythms and the legend of Tristan and Isolde, it premiered in 1949, and is named for the  Sanskrit words meaning "time" and "love." FTP, name this musical work, the only symphony of Olivier Messiaen.;;Turangalila(-)symphonie
;;This author wrote about the artistic growth of Joana in her first novel, Near to the Wild Heart. In one of her novels, a woman identified only by her initials meditates about the body of a cockroach after crushing it, while in another, Martim becomes involved with Vitoria and Ermelinda after attempting to murder his wife. Her early intensely introspective works include The Chandelier and The Besieged City, and after moving to Washington, DC, she wrote existential novels like Apple in the Dark and The Passion According to G.H. An author named Rodrigo S.M. writes about a poor typist named Macabea in her final novel, The Hour of the Star. Her collections of short stories include Family Ties, The Foreign Legion, and Agua viva. FTP, name this 20th century female  Brazilian author.;;(Clarice) Lispector
;;The minutes to this event were later discovered in the files of one of its attendees, Under State Secretary Martin Luther. Its leader stated that Europe "will be combed from west to east" and discussed the possible use of Theresienstadt. This event was chaired by the first leader of the RHSA, and discussed the differences between persons of mixed blood of the first degree and second degree. At this meeting, Dr. Stuckart proposed dissolving mixed marriages and using forced sterilization, and its leader disseminated two lists of the numbers of a certain  ethnic group in each European country. Chaired by Reinhard Heydrich, FTP, name this meeting held on January 20th, 1942 that discussed the final solution.;;Wannsee (Conference)
;;According to these people, their creator originally intended their genitalia to be placed on their foreheads, but they were placed lower due to an otter's mistake. A Yaunkur warrior kills Dangling Nose and marries Shipish-un-mat in their epic Kotan Utunnai. Their original moon goddess was so unable to stand all the adultery she saw that she asked to become their sun goddess; her name is Chup-Kamui. They performed a ceremony called Keo-mante to send the spirit of Chira-Mante-Kumui back to his mountain heaven during Kumamatsuri, their Bear Ritual. FTP, identify these  hairy people, the original inhabitants of Japan.;;(the) Ainu
;;After defeating the Akim-Akwapim alliance, this empire defeated the Fante people. In 1748, the Nsafohene revolted against the leader of this empire, Opoku Ware. A notable female member of this empire, Queen Yaa of the Edweso tribe, led its resistance against European troops in 1900. This empire won the Battle of Feyiase to culminate its victory over Denkiyra, and signed the Treaty of Fomena after its capital was burned in 1874. Founded by King Osei Tutu, this empire was again attacked when Prempeh I refused to give Frederick Hodgson an object traditionally thought to have been called from the  heavens by Okomfo Anokye. Centered at Kumasi, this empire lasted from 1670 to 1902, and ruled much of modern-day Ghana. FTP, name this African Empire whose leaders sat on the throne of the Golden Stool.;;Ashanti (Empire)|Asante (Empire)
;;A Czech journalist with this first name wrote Notes From the Gallows before being beheaded by the Nazis. D. H. Lawrence caricatured Philip Hestletine as Halliday, an effeminate man with this first name, in Women in Love. Another character with this first name tells stories about Jeems McLean, who stops abusing his slaves after being turned into a slave himself, a man turned into a tree by his wife Tenie, and a haunted vineyard. Those stories narrated by a man with this name are collected in The Conjure Woman, and include "The  Goophered Grapevine." FTP, identify this first name shared by an old slave created by Charles Chesnutt and a character given a funeral oration by Mark Antony in a Shakespeare play.;;Julius
;;While working on this series of paintings, its artist wrote the influential textbook The Interaction of Color. This series shares thematic elements with its artist's other series Variants, which was inspired by adobe houses in Mexico. Its artist called the panels of this series "platters for color," and used a palette knife to spread paint squeezed directly from the tube evenly onto each canvas. This series was begun in 1949, after its artist left the faculty of Black Mountain College, and each painting in this series depicts three or four of the title shapes nested inside one another. FTP, name this series of paintings by  Josef Albers about a shape with four equal sides.;;Homage to the Square
;;This work notes that the statement "I call you offside" is the same as an official saying "You were offside." The author argues that the categories "true" and "false" really mean that a statement was either proper or improper considering a speaker's "knowledge of the facts" and his purposes for speaking. It ends by describing five types of performatives, including verdictives and behabitives, and argues that there is no difference between performatives and constantives. Compiled from its author's William James lectures at Harvard, this work presents a distinction between locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts, and concludes that every utterance is really a  speech act. FTP, name this linguistic analysis of speech by John Austin.;;How to Do Things With Words
;;One man targeted by this event, John Tutchin, later denounced it in The Western Martyrology. This event targeted Christopher Battiscomb and William Dewling, and another of its victims, William Jenkins, was hanged despite the intercession of the Earl of Sunderland. The man responsible for this event was wracked by excruciating kidney stones, and had earlier presided over the trial of Titus Oates. This event resulted in 800 victims being sent to the West Indies, and mainly took place in Taunton Castle after the Battle of Sedgemoor. Beginning at Winchester on August 25, 1685, this event resulted in the hanging of over 300 victims. FTP, name these trials conducted by Judge  Jeffrys to punish the members of the Duke of Monmouth's Rebellion.;;(the) Bloody Assizes
;;It was restated by R.P. Bauman to include a term for the logarithm of the mass, while Saul Dushman demonstrated that it implied a universal thermionic emission constant which was later calculated by Bridgemann using this equation. It is only valid if the volume divided by the number of particles in the gas times the thermal wavelength cubed is greater than one because it obeys Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics. This equation's namesake constant is equal to this equation's value at  one degree Kelvin. Deriving it requires the resolution of the Gibbs paradox and it allows for the expression of energy solely in terms of entropy and volume. For ten points, name this doubly eponymous equation used to calculate the entropy of a monatomic ideal gas.;;Sackur(-)Tetrode (equation)
;;Among the notable artists of this city's namesake school include the sculptor Manuel Chili or "Capiscara," Manuel Samaniego, and Miguel de Santiago. According to legend, the leader Ruminahui destroyed this city rather than let it fall to its eventual captors, and it is dominated by a small hill called the Panecillo. Its districts include the Mariscal, and much of this city's life is clustered around Avenida Amazonas, while its notable churches include the Cantunya Chapel, La Companyia, San Agustin, and San Francisco, who is the city's official patron. Its Plaza de la Independencia contains the tomb of  Antonio Jose de Sucre, who won a notable battle near this city, the second highest capital in the world. Second only to Guayaquil in terms of population, FTP, name this capital of Ecuador.;;Quito
;;This author's plays include The Amorous Bigot and The history of Timon of Athens the Man-hater. In another of his plays, Bisket and Fribble are cuckolded by Kick and Cuff, and Clodpate marries Mrs. Jilt. Besides writing Epsom Wells, this author attacked another poet in The Medal of John Bayes, and was satirized as Og in Absalom and Achitophel. Another poem calls this author the "last great prophet of tautology," and asserts that he "stands confirmed in full stupidity" and "never deviates into sense." FTP, identify this English playwright attacked by  John Dryden's poem "MacFlecknoe.".;;(Thomas) Shadwell
;;A 1958 article by Jack Hirshleifer revived the study of the work of this economist, who called the business cycle a "dance of the dollar" in a 1923 paper. His major theory concerning investment and capital was presented in Nature of Capital and Income and Rate of Interest, and a separation theorem named for this economist states that a firm's financial decisions can be separated from its investment decisions. His namesake equation states that the real interest rate is the difference of the  nominal interest rate and the expected rate of inflation, which is the basis for his namesake hypothesis. FTP, name this mathematical economist who proposed that the real interest rate is independent of monetary actions.;;(Irving) Fisher
;;This organization was revived by Carmine de Sapio in the 1950s. This organization was investigated by the Lexow Committee because of pressure from Reverend Charles Henry Parkhurst. Heads of this organization included Richard Connolly, John Kelly, and Charles Murphy, while another of its leaders, George Washington Plunkitt, distinguished between "honest graft" and "dishonest graft." This organization met at the Wigwam, and its most notable sachem was arrested in Spain after being convicted of embezzlement by  Samuel Tilden. Named for a chief of the Delaware Indians, FTP, name this New York City machine led by Boss Tweed.;;Tammany (Hall)
;;T.G. Cowling suggests that no axisymmetric, or even two-dimensional version of this theory can exist. Hide offers that its asymmetry could be accounted for by the Taylor-Proudman theory, while the Rikitake model exhibits irregular reversing behavior. Qualitatively, Elsasser and Parker claim that a combination of differential rotation and convective helical motion could explain this and is known as the alpha-omega mechanism. Mathematically, the presence of Coriolis acceleration and the Lorentz force complicate the  Magnetohydrodynamic equations that are used to describe plasma equilibria and plasma waves and instabilities. FTP, name this theory which claims that the convection of conducting fluids in the core is the primary mechanism for the generation of Earth's magnetic field.;;Geodynamo (theory)
;;Near the beginning of this opera's first act, the lead soprano sings the joyous aria "Di piacer mi balza cor." With a libretto by Giovanni Gherardini, this opera ends with the disappointment of the lecherous mayor Gottardo. In the first act, Fernando sings "Vieni Fra Queste Braccia" upon seeing his daughter, who he later defends before a court in the aria "Accusata di furtivo." Isacco's confusion of two men with the initials FV leads him to accuse Giannetto Vingradito's lover, who sings the aria "Deh, tu reggi in tal memento" after her name is cleared. Its overture begins with a snare drum solo leading into a military march, and this opera focuses on Ninetta, who is erroneously arrested for  stealing a silver spoon, which was actually taken by the title animal. FTP, identify this opera by Rossini about a pilfering bird.;;(The) Thieving Magpie|(La) Gazza Ladra
;;One type of these found in frog oocytes has an NES between residues 108 and 117 which localizes it to the cytoplasm, and type T of these facilitates interactions between Tat and human TAR. Meriolins are a class of compounds that inhibit the growth of enzymes with which they associate, and a double knockout of type E of these inhibits the endoreplication of trophoblasts and prevents polyploidy. The MPF is a complex containing type B of these, which is degraded after a cell begins  mitosis, and phosphorylating PRb results in translation of one type of these proteins which results in the initiation of the S phase. For 10 points, identify these compounds that form a complex with certain kinases that "depend" on them and regulate the cell cycle.;;cyclins
;;This artist's early works include "splash" sculptures created by throwing ladles of molten lead at a warehouse wall and a series of "prop" sculptures featuring unattached parts balanced by the forces of gravity. Two congruent rectangles and squares make up his sculpture Equal-Parallel: Guernica-Bengasi, and this sculptor's more recent creations include Band and Torqued Torus Inversion. He helped Robert Smithson create Spiral Jetty, and sculpted a series of "torqued ellipses" for the Bilbao Guggenheim. Another of his sculptures, a twelve-foot high, 120-foot long piece of curving steel, was  destroyed after a 1985 hearing chaired by William Diamond ordered it to be removed from New York City's Federal Plaza. FTP, name this contemporary American sculptor of Tilted Arc.;;(Richard) Serra
;;This work argues that every ready-made phrase "anaesthetizes a portion of one's brain," and posits the necessity of letting "the meaning choose the word, and not the other way around." This essay uses the image of a speaker whose glasses turn into "blank disks which seem to have no eyes behind them" to illustrate that "orthodoxy...seems to demand a lifeless, imitative, style." It updates a clear passage from Ecclesiastes into "modern English of the worst sort" to explain the perils of dying metaphors, pretentious diction, and meaningless words, and explains that in modern times, "political speech and writing are largely the defense of the indefensible." Connecting the decline of the second title entity with political conformity, FTP, name this essay by  George Orwell.;;Politics and the English Language
;;While this painting was on display in the "Egyptian Hall" in Piccadilly, its artist painted proto-Realist lithographs such as Pity the Sorrows of a Poor Old Man for his collection, Various Subjects Drawn from Life and on Stone. Savigny and Correard provided the primary source material for this painting. Its artist had originally planned to use the traditional abolitionist image of a shackled man praying, and women were also present in early versions depicting a mutiny. Eugene Delacroix posed for this painting, whose artist allegedly made preliminary sketches such as Study of Arm and Two Feet for it at a  morgue. It includes a gray haired father who mourns his dead son, as well as a hollow torso on the left and a bloody hatchet implying cannibalism. FTP, name this painting where an African man waves a shirt at the top of a human pyramid to attract the attention of a ship in the distance, a work by Theodore Gericault.;;(The) Raft of the Medusa
;;A group led by deHeer observed the fractal nature of resistance vs. magnetic field plots in this material, and a paper by Ostrovsky et al. proposed a model for the anomalous quantum hall effect observed in it based on Anderson localization instead of Landau level structures. Depositing it epitaxially on substrates such as silicon carbide can induce a band gap which it lacks because its conduction and valence bands meet at vertices of its Brillouin zones. Electrons moving through this material obey the Dirac equation for relativistic fermions, which allows one to test the Klein paradox, and it is also known for its ballistic transport of electrons, which makes it a valuable material for field-effect transistors. First isolated by Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov in 2004, for twenty points, identify these sheets of sp2 hybridized carbons, which can be stacked to form graphite.;;graphene
;;Brazil's Robert Scheidt took the gold medal in an event racing these in Athens in 2004.  A recently developed variation of it, created by Jo Richards, adds a trapeze and spinnaker and is known as a Vortex.  Performance Sailing manufactures a four person variation with a keel known as the SB3, while another two person variation of it makes use of variable sized hulls and lead weights to equalize weight differences between crews and is called the 4000.  The smallest incarnation of this craft is contains some 0.7 squared meters less sail than the similar Byte.  That version's pre-best lower mast on the smallest version of this reduces the sail area by 35% and is known as the  4.7.  A medium sized version of it will become a women's event at the 2008 Olympics, a boat known as a Radial.  FTP, identify this popular type of dinghy that shares its name with a part of a device used to ruin George's "that's gotta hurt" line at a screening of Blimp on the Puerto Rican Day episode of Seinfeld.;;Laser (Standard)
;;This man died after drinking from a poisoned spring at Verulamium after defeating a Saxon force led by Octa. He killed King Pasgen at the Battle of Mynyw, and according to Geoffrey of Monmouth, this man transported the Giant's Ring to Britain as a memorial to the chieftains killed at the Night of the Long Knives. Along with his brother, Aurelius Ambrosius, this man led a rebellion against Vortigern. He infiltrated Tintagel Castle while enchanted to look like Gorlois in order to impregnate  Igraine, and received his nickname when he saw a comet shaped like a fire-breathing monster. FTP, identify this British king, the father of King Arthur.;;Uther (Pendragon)
;;Like Ryan Westbrook, one character in this novel has a scraggly beard, and tells the narrator he wants to rape her after being discovered hiding in a closet. The unfinished memoirs of that antagonist, a former disciple of Ludloe, are sometimes appended to this novel. In its second chapter, the narrator's father goes to a temple at midnight and spontaneously combusts. The title character murders his wife Catharine and his children after hearing commands he thinks come from God, which were instead spoken by Carwin the Biloquist. Subtitled The Transformation, and set in Mettingen, Pennsylvania, FTP, identify this Gothic novel about the siblings Clara and Theodore, a work published in 1798 by Charles  Brockden Brown.;;Wieland(,)|(The) (Transformation(:)) (An) (American) (Tale)
;;The stereochemistry of this group is inverted in a reaction where Hydrazoic acid can be used as a nucleophile to  protonate the DEAD reagent in the Mitsunobu reaction. A silyl group migrates via a pentavalent intermediate to form an oxygen bond in these compounds in the Brook rearrangement, while an intermediate organo-chromium halide adds onto an aldehyde and yields one of these after workup in the Nozaki Hiyama reaction. Ethers can be converted to these in the presence of an organolithium reagent and THF via the Wittig rearrangement and the Fischer esterification proceeds with the dehydration of one of these and carboxylic acids. For 10 points, identify these compounds which consist of a hydroxyl group and are exemplified by ethanol and methanol.;;alcohols
;;This politician wrote about his experiences as the last non-Puerto Rican Governor of Puerto Rico in The Stricken Land. This student of Scott Nearing proposed replacing the 50 states with 20 regional republics as part of his proposal for a new US constitution. He served under Henry Wallace as undersecretary of the Department of Agriculture, and developed planned communities called "greenbelts" as the head of the Resettlement Administration during the New Deal. Along with Adolph A. Berle, Jr. and Raymond Moley, he was the third member of FDR's "Brain Trust." FTP, identify this man, easily the most notable American politician named  Rexford.;;(Rexford) (Guy) Tugwell
;;In this work, a priest wearing a white turban with a red cross describes King Altabin's defeat of a fleet sent by Coya, which was followed by a deluge destroying the civilizations of America. Several characters in this work use the expression "twice paid" to refuse money offered by inhabitants of the Strangers' House. The narrator observes the Feast of the Family, and learns of the chastity practiced by the central society by Joabin. The narrator is also invited to a scientific research facility devoted to discovering the "knowledge of causes, and secret motions of things; and the enlarging of the bounds of human empire, to the effecting of all things possible," Salomon's House. While sailing from Peru to the South Sea, the narrator discovers the title location, the island of  Bensalem. FTP, name this 1626 book about a utopian society, a work by Francis Bacon.;;(The) New Atlantis
;;An economist with this surname developed a pioneering model of urban resource allocation along with Alonso and Muth. A social psychologist with this surname found that children who declined to cheat in a game which rewarded deceit became more severe in their attitudes towards cheating in his experiment on temptation. In addition to Edwin and Judson, a sociologist with this surname coauthured Character and Social Structure along with Hans Gerth, and argued that the labor movement needed to form a political bloc to fight corporations in The New Men of Power. That sociologist also wrote a work ending with an appendix called "Of Intellectual Craftsmanship" which attacks the "Abstracted Empiricism" of Talcott Parsons, The  Sociological Imagination. FTP, identify this surname shared by an author who described interlocking "higher circles" of business, government, and the military in The Power Elite.;;Mills
;;It is implemented by a superposition of all possible values produced from a column of Hadamard operators. This algorithm contains a namesake iteration which rotates a single state by some 2 times theta or 120 degrees, effectively converting the s state into the w state. This optimal algorithm solves the problem of efficient collision detection. While working at Bell Labs, its formulator suggested an application where this algorithm beats the traditional N / 2 operations required to find a name in a random phone book with 50% probability. Unlike Shor's Algorithm, which runs in Big O of log of n cubed time, it runs in Big O of square root of n time. For fifteen points, identify this quantum sorting algorithm.;;Grover's (Algorithm)
;;One of this author's works depicts Poseidon sitting at a desk, administering the world's waters. In one of this author's short works, a mouse laments "the world is growing smaller every day" before being eaten by a cat, while another states that all parables really mean "the incomprehensible is incomprehensible." A man killed by falling off a precipice in the Black Forest tells a burgomaster "my ship has no rudder, and it is driven by the wind that blows in the uttermost region of death" in this author's short story "The Hunter Gracchus." He also wrote short stories about an elderly bachelor followed by two mysterious bouncing balls, and an ape who describes his choice of the Music Hall over the Zoological Garden in the title  "report to an academy." Additionally, he wrote a story about a torture device consisting of parts called "the Bed," "the Harrow," and "the Inscriber," as well as a novel about Karl Rossman. FTP, name this author of "The Burrow," "In the Penal Colony," and Amerika.;;(Franz) Kafka
;;This work contains a "Pantomime" in 7/8 time after a movement titled "Song of the Will-o'-the-Wisp." It ends with the chiming of bells after one character subdues the antagonist in the movement "Dance of the Game of Love." Another movement depicts the protagonist drawing a magic circle on the ground, and its second movement, "In the Cave," is followed by an oboe melody that transitions into a folk jundo. More notably, it features the movements "Dance of Terror" and "Ritual Fire Dance." This ballet concludes with Lucia beguiling a jealous ghost who prevents Carmelo from kissing the gypsy Candelas. FTP, name this one-act ballet by  Manuel de Falla.;;El Amor Brujo|Love(,) the Magician|Spellbound Love
;;A 1025 expedition by this kingdom ended in the sack of Palembang, and led to the dissolution of the Srivijaya empire. Krsna III of the Rastrakutas fought a great war with this kingdom after this kingdom captured the capital city of the Pandyas. The son of Rajaraja I of this dynasty captured Ceylon and established a capital supplied with water from the Ganges. Kulottunga I of this dynasty became the last member of any great significance to rule, as afterwards Calukya, Hoysala, and Pandya intrigues brought it to an end. Rulers of the Coromandel Coast and legendarily founded by Karikalan, FTP, name this Tamil speaking dynasty with capital at Uraiyur, prominent from the 9th to 12th centuries, which shares its name with a type of  drink whose Mecca and ZamZam varieties are popular in Great Satan-hating countries.;;Chola (dynasty)
;;His doctoral thesis questioned whether non-human organisms contained material properties and analyzed a "Statement of Belief" in a survey distributed to members of the National Academy of Sciences. In addition to that thesis, "Evolution, Monism, Atheism and the Naturalist World-View," this UCLA professor co-authored a book with Preston Jones called Is Belief in God Good, Bad or Irrelevant. He followed in the footsteps of Salman Rushdie to become the second winner of the Outstanding Lifetime Achievement in Cultural Humanism award from Harvard University. In a different medium, he has addressed the "Markovian Process," "Index Fossils," and "Atheist Peace" in addition to co-writing "Suffer" and "American Jesus." For fifteen points, identify this evolutionary biologist, the frontman for Bad Religion.;;(Gregory) (Walter) (Greg) Graffin
;;The third section of this work cites the Viennese scholars Riegl and Wickhoff to argue that during "long periods of history, the mode of human sense perception changes with humanity's entire mode of existence." Its sixth section notes that the works of Atget demonstrated the growing superiority of exhibition value over cult value, and it later argues that works by the Dadaists "hit the spectator like a bullet." This essay contrasts the contemplative man with the distracted mass, compares painters to magicians and cameramen to surgeons, and ends by asserting that "Fascism renders politics aesthetic; Communism responds by politicizing art." It opens by describing the progression from woodcuts to lithography to photography to film, and argues that those media destroy the auras of the title entities by  copying them. FTP, name this essay about the aesthetics of duplication by Walter Benjamin.;;(The) Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
;;One character in this novel causes Tiberius Gracchus Leonard to fall through a trapdoor into a pool of water after giving a speech on "The Contribution of the Anglo-Saxon Race to the Cause of Human Liberty." That character is later nearly dissected by Dr. Zackland, and leads a student rebellion with the slogan "Equality or Death" as an undergraduate at Stowe University. Another character's loyalty is tested by having soldiers fire blank cartridges at him, being led to a gallows, and being dropped from an enormous height, after which he becomes the president of the title government, which plans to seize Texas and destroy the US Navy. Bernard Belgrave and Belton Piedmont lead a secret all-black government within the United States in, FTP, what novel by  Sutton Griggs, whose title is Latin for "an empire within an empire"?.;;Imperium in Imperio
;;Consoli et al. discussed data from recent high-precision ether-drift experiments which does not fit predictions made from CMB dipole data for the existence of this object. The GLIMPSE survey showed evidence for the existence of two galaxies in a Bautz-Morgan type I cluster located in it, the ACO3627, which was once known as the Norma supercluster. The Norma, Pavo-Indus and Virgo-Coma superclusters from a "great wall" like structure within this object which has no observed backside  infall. Some studies indicate that mass estimates for it may be too high because infall in Shapely cluster was not accounted for, and the Zone of Avoidance has hindered the mapping of this object. It lies in the direction of hydra and centaurus, and is causing the Hubble flow of the Milky Way at 600 kilometers per second. FTP, identify this object that gets its name from pulling a lot of stuff towards it.;;Great Attractor
;;In one of his works, a king asks his six sons what they most desire and reveals their worldly vanities, while another follows a "pilgrim of thought" on his path to religious enlightenment. In addition to those poems, the Divine Book and the Book of Adversity, he wrote the prose history Memorials of the Saints. The Book of Khusraw is falsely attributed to this poet, whom Rumi praised as "my very soul." The title characters of another of his works journey through Seven Valleys, including allegories of understanding, unity, and deprivation, in search of the Simurgh, until they realize that the Simurgh is actually themselves. FTP, identify this mystic Sufi poet of The  Conference of the Birds.;;(Farid) (ud(-)din) Attar
;;In one story, this god turned into a tiny salamander and hid in water after his refusal to sacrifice himself prevented the sun from moving. In another story, this god kidnapped Xochiquetzal, made her eat forbidden fruit, and ravished her. Represented as either a skeleton or a man with a dog's head, this god of lightning guides the sun through the underworld every night, and takes the dead to  Mictlan. The sibling of this god created a new race of humans by dropping his blood on the fragments of the bone of life. FTP, identify this psychopomp, the twin brother of Quetzalcoatl.;;Xolotl
;;Though one ruler of this house defeated the Visconti leader Gian Galeazzo on the Po, that man refused the offer of title of Marquess from the greedy Emperor Wenceslas the Drunkard. Another ruler of this house used stradiots, or Dalmatian victories, to help beat the French at Fornovo, which was commemorated in a certain artist's The Madonna of Victory. The scholar Vittorino da Feltre was brought by Gianfrancesco of this house, who became marquis by the power of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund. As a duchy, this house's famous rulers included Guglielmo I, Duke Francesco, and Federigo II, and under their rule the Palazzo de Te was built, featuring the Sala degli Sposi decorated by this house's most famous artist, who was patronized by  Isabella d'Este and Ludovico III of this house. FTP, name this house, famous for its horses and employing Andrea Mantegna, which shares its name with a Spokane University.;;Gonzaga
;;One of them was led by Tagarab, who criticized his followers for their belief in Anus, and argued that Kilibob was the real father of Jesus. Another of one them was led by Yali, who appointed ambassadors to Japan, China, and the United States. Another of them saved seventy five thousand dollars to buy Lyndon Johnson and make him King of New Hanover. In Cows, Pigs, Wars, and Witches, Marvin Harris analyzed the evolution of them in Madang. Members of the one on Tanna Island paint "USA" on their chests and raise the flag of Georgia on February 15th, a day devoted to their savior, John Frum. These groups often build  bamboo airstrips and wait for the arrival of airplanes bringing food and technology. FTP, name these groups mostly found in isolated Pacific Ocean islands, who believe that their ancestors will return to dispense manufactured goods.;;cargo cults
;;This man collected works such as "The Ideological Antecedent of the Rolls-Royce Radiator" in his late Three Essays on Style and collaborated with his wife Dora on Pandora's Box. In one work, this man used the example of Scholastics reconciling the sayings of Augustine and Ambrose to explain the methods used to build a cathedral. He also compared building a cathedral to making a film in his Bulletin of the Department of Art and Archaeology. This author of an analysis of Corregio's Camera di San Paolo and Meaning in the Visual Arts wrote about "Humanistic Themes in the Art of the Renaissance" in his collection Studies of Iconology. More famously, in his Charles Eliot Norton lectures on Early Netherlandish Painting, he argued that The Arnolfini Wedding was used as a wedding certificate. For fifteen points, name this German art historian.;;(Erwin) Panofsky
;;This artist taught the painter of Death of Du Guesclin, Nicolas-Guy Brenet. He depicted a man draped in red presenting a sword to the other title figures in one of his final paintings, Vulcan Presenting Venus with Arms for Aeneas. This artist's other mythological paintings include paintings of Diana "After the Hunt" and "Resting after her Bath." A young woman feeds her suitor in a pastoral scene in his painting Are They Thinking About Grape?, and he was fond of painting the bare behinds of women, such as Louise O'Murphy, in a number of Odalisque portraits. A cherub adjusts the hair of a woman holding a white dove in his painting The  Toilet of Venus, and a woman in green holds a book and while lying next to an open desk with a fountain pen in one of his three depictions of Madame de Pompadour. FTP, name this Rococo artist, a contemporary of Fragonard.;;(Francois) Boucher
;;One participant in this activity requests that a bucket of ice-cold water be dumped on his head before warning another character about the "pernicious poem place." The namesake of this activity asks another participant to harmonize on the "rumma tum tums" while singing its official song, which begins "other kids' games are all such a bore!" Entities encountered while playing this game include the bonus box, the "perimeter of wisdom," and the "invisible sector," and every player must wear a  mask. This game's legal scores include BW-109 to YU-34 and Q to 12, and it usually includes flags, wickets, water balloons, and a soccer ball, although its only permanent rule is that it can't be played the same way twice. FTP, name this game created by Bill Watterson, whose arbitrary rules inspire both Wikipedia and Chip Beall.;;Calvinball
;;In one chapter of this book, a dog saves her four puppies from being turned into a broth by a milkwoman. Its twenty-second chapter describes Don Jose, a priest who throws stones at children in his orchard, and in its fourteenth chapter, Darbon neuters a black horse. Minor characters in this book include the fox terrier Lord and the goat Diana, and in its first chapter, the narrator describes the title character as being made of steel and quicksilver, but as soft as cotton to the touch. Set in the town of Moguer, FTP, name this book of impressions of rural Spanish life by  Juan Ramon Jimenez, which is named for a donkey.;;Platero y Yo|Platero and I
;;This character describes objects delivered from Amaleki to King Benjamin which were then handed down across generations in a single-chapter, eighteen-verse book named for his "words." The book named for this character mentions his southward journey to the land of Zarahemla, as well as an infestation of Gadianton robbers. In the land of Desolation, he refuses to command his people due to their wickedness, and he also recounts the destruction of his people by the Lamanites at the Battle of Cumorah. At the age of ten, Ammaron tells this prophet where to find sacred engravings, which this leader of the Nephites later passes down to his son  Moroni. FTP, identify this prophet, whose namesake book is subtitled "another testament of Jesus Christ," and who names a religion founded when a bunch of golden plates were discovered by Joseph Smith.;;Mormon
;;One revolt against this state was led by a patriarch named Joseph and resulted in the Battle of Avarair. The tolerance of one ruler is shown by his marrying a daughter of a resh galutha and that ruler convened a notable Christian council in his capital. With the captive Ma'dikarib, they conquered Sana'a and added Arabia to their kingdom. One ruler of this state captured Theodosiopolis to pay off his former captors, and was advantaged by the defeat of King Gurgenes and the defeat of the Lakhmid ruler Mundhir III, before winning a noted victory at Callinicum. Another noted king of this dynasty captured Antioch and then built a city named "Better than Antioch" and attempted to spread the state religion to  Armenia with constructions at Dvin. Mahoe captured the last ruler of this dynasty in a mill, who had requested help from the Chinese but nonetheless was defeated at Qadisiya and Nehavend, Yazdagird III. Established by Ardashir I, FTP, name this Iranian dynasty which ruled from 226-651 AD.;;Sassanids|Sassanian|Sasanidoj
;;Near this city are the Kuang Si Waterfalls and the villages of Ban Phanom and Ban Xang Hai. The caves of Tham Ting and Tham Phun, collectively known as the Pak Ou caves, feature several statues of the Buddha, and Mount Phou Si allegedly houses a footprint of the Buddha. Located at the site where the Khan river meets this city's main river, its most prominent temple is the Wat Xieng Thong, built of gold and glass. Once known as Muong Swa while it was capital of the Lan Xang kingdom from 1353-1563, it received its current name from a Sri Lankan Buddha statue and became capital of a namesake kingdom in 1707 until its nation's capital was officially moved to Vientiane in 1947. For twenty points, name this city in Laos, a port on the Mekong river and former royal residence.;;Louangprabang
;;The YopJ factor from Yersina pestis inhibits the protein responsible for inhibiting this factor in the cytosol, and some members of this family mature after degradation of their C-terminal ankyrin repeats. The Relish protein in drosophila is one member of this family. It is phosphorylated via the ZAP70-Protein Kinase C cascade, and the activation of Akt by Toll-like receptors has the same effect. Usually bound to Ik-beta-A in the cytoplasm, all proteins in this family are homologous to the Rel oncogene.  Initially discovered as an enhancer-binding protein in B cells, its phosphorylation allows it to be taking up by nuclear pores. For fifteen points, name this "master regulator," a transcription factor and oncogene responsible for cellular responses to stress, disease, and a million other things.;;Nuclear factor kappa B
;;According to legend, stones turned into soldiers to help this ruler achieve his first major victory, which he celebrated by drinking beer from the enemy leader's skull. Forces under this leader killed Urcon in a skirmish at Calca, and with the support of his generals Vicaquirao and Apo Mayta, he conquered the Chancas. The husband of Anahuarque, his rule saw the construction of the fortress of Sacsayhuaman and the temple of Coricancha, and he reorganized his empire into four apos. With a name meaning "earth shaker," this son of Viracocha ascended to power around 1438, and was succeeded by his son Tupac after his death in 1471. FTP, name this ninth Incan Emperor, who began the expansion of the Incan Empire from Cuzco, and built  Machu Picchu.;;Pachacuti|Pachacutec
;;The result of neglecting the ionization term in the fluid plasma-wall equations results in a criterion named for this man, which has been shown to forbid the existence of a patching point and which does not specify a sheath edge. That principle named for this man gives the minimum velocity for a particle entering the Debye sheath. He also gives his name to a phenomenon that scales with the reciprocal of the strength of the magnetic field, his namesake diffusion, and he lends his name to an effect wherein a magnetic vector potential affects a charged particle in the absence of a magnetic field along with Yakir  Aharonov. For 10 points, identify this American physicist who developed  a non-local hidden variables quantum mechanical interpretation wherein the wavefunction of an electron determines its motion by acting as a pilot wave.;;(David) Bohm
;;This measurement was first proposed in 1972 as a yardstick for the Middle Path of Development. The Tala project, which generates hydroelectric power via run-of-the-river methods, exemplifies its conservation and environmental concerns. The promotion of Buddhism and traditional dress are among cultural preservation efforts made to further this initiative. Voters chose the "Thunder Dragon" party in a recent mock election designed to educate the populace about democracy, which is meant to contribute toward its equitable socio-economic development pillar. King Jigme Singye Wangchuck voluntarily released certain controls in order to further, FTP, what wacky  Bhutanese development statistic introduced to critique GNP?.;;Gross National Happiness
;;This character states "in times of trouble, it behooves us to come together...and bury the hatchet in the head of a common enemy" at the beginning of the second play he appears in. In that play, this character replaces a photograph of a Head of State with one of himself, and becomes a General who leads the Church of the Apostolic Salvation Army. In another play, this character entrances a Minister of Parliament after giving his follower Chume permission to beat his wife Amope. Modeled upon the trickster god Eshu, this character makes his first appearance preaching on a beach in Nigeria. FTP, name this religious charlatan whose  "metamorphosis" and "trials" are detailed in two plays by Wole Soyinka.;;(Brother) Jero|Jeroboam
;;Marius Petipa's revival of the first version of this work features a variation composed by Riccardo Drigo for Vavara Nikitina. The libretto for the first version of this ballet was inspired by Charles Nodier's short story, "Trilby ou le Lutin d'Argail"; that version was designed for its choreographer's daughter Marie Taglioni. This ballet's title character brings her lover berries and water before summoning her sisters for an airy dance in a glade. The title character dies when given a magic scarf by her lover, and Gurn marries Effie in accordance with a witch's prophecies. Eventually, Old Madge's machinations ensure that James Ruben's love for the title character leads to her death. FTP, name this staple of the Royal Danish ballet, a work by August Bournonville named for a  forest sprite.;;(La) Sylphide
;;This deity's temple was the site of refuge for Apollonius, a general of the Seleucid Demetrius II, after he lost to the armies of Jonathan Maccabaeus. Shamsi-edad I of Assyria built a temple to him at Tirga, where he was part of a trinity with Shamash and Idurmer. Along with Nergal and Misharu, he was one of the Assyrian judges of the dead. Naram-Sin claimed to have conquered the West with weapons from this deity, and the Hebrew word for "corn" has led some to associate him as a god of that domain. In I Chronicles it is said that the head of Saul was fastened to this god's temple, and after the Ark of the Covenant was captured and placed in a temple to this god, a statue of this god fell to the ground. Sometimes misinterpreted as a  fish-god, he was worshiped in Ashkelon and Gaza. FTP, name this god who received praise when the Philistines finally captured Samson.;;Dagon|Dagan|Dagun
;;These constructs are similar to Orgel diagrams except for their ability to take electron-electron repulsion into account, and these diagrams obey the "non crossing rule" for states of the same degeneracy. Those that map out complexes with both low and high-spin states have a sharp vertical line marking the transition due to the Jahn-Teller effect, and both axes of them are normalized by the Racah parameter B. Used to find allowed transitions between various Russell-Saunders states, for fifteen points, name these diagrams that plot normalized energy differences in electronic transitions against the ligand field splitting energy of transition metal complexes, named for two Japanese chemists.;;Tanabe(-)Sugano (Diagrams)
;;James Joyce's parody of this poem mentions a "winepress of the Lord" which "thundered / over that grape of Burgundy." An early version of this poem was named for a line spoken by Betty in Our Mutual Friend, "He Do the Police in Different Voices." This poem alters a quote from John Day's play The Parliament of Bees to describe "the sound of horns and motors, which shall bring" one character "to Mrs. Porter in the spring." Its first section ends with the speaker asking Stetson if the corpse he planted last year in his garden has sprouted, before the poet quotes "O keep the Dog far hence, that's friend to men / Or with his nails he'll dig it up again!" from The White Devil. Its author described his extensive debt to Jessie L. Weston's From Ritual to Romance in the extensive  footnotes to this poem, which translate its final words as "the peace that passeth understanding." FTP, name this poem that incorporates the words Datta, dayadhvam, and damyata in its final section, "What the Thunder Said," a poem beginning "April is the cruelest month" by T. S. Eliot.;;(The) Waste Land
;;John D'Emilio described this man's life in the first chapter of The World Turned, and wrote a biography about him titled Lost Prophet. This man argued for a "coalition of progressive forces" to combat economic injustice in his essay about "the future of the civil rights movement," "From Protest to Politics." He helped organize the "Journey of Reconciliation" in 1947 through his association with the Congress of Racial Equality, which he founded along with James Farmer and George Houser. This man was fired from the Fellowship of Reconciliation after being jailed for violating a Pasadena lewdness law, and helped plan a proposed 1941 march along with A. Philip Randolph. For fifteen points, identify this gay Civil Rights leader, who organized the 1963 March on Washington.;;(Bayard) Rustin
;;The historical city of Valabhipura in this state was an important center of Jainism, and the Rani-Ki Vav stepwell is located in a city formerly known as Anhilpur which was the capital of the Solanki kingdom, a branch of the Chaulukya dynasty. Natural reserves in this state include Gir National Park and the Nal Salovar Bird Sanctuary, where one can see saras cranes and Brahmini ducks. The former capital of this state is reached through the Tin Darwaza and is home to the Rani Rupmati Mosque and the Sidi Said Mosque. This state is dominated by the Narmada River and is geographically notable for the Kathiawar Peninsula, and was the site of the Portuguese colony of Diu. Bordered by the Gulf of Khambat, it features the vast marshlands of the Rann of Kachchh and its capital is  Gandhinagar. FTP, name this western Indian state whose largest cities are Surat and Ahmadabad.;;Gujarat
;;Extremely minor characters in this novel include Mrs. Suetonius X. Meistersinger and the Grand Duke Salamander Salamandrovich. In the eleventh chapter of this novel, the narrator describes how Zeus granted him the powers of invisibility, inevitability, and psychic penetration out of love for Clio. At a dinner for the Junta, Abimelech V. Oover is attacked by the ghost of Humphrey Greddon, and Sir John Marraby and The MacQuern resolve to die for the title character, after learning that the Duke of Dorset intends to commit suicide. Set in Judas College, this novel relates how all the undergraduates of Oxford drown themselves out of love for the title  woman. FTP, identify this novel by Max Beerbohm.;;Zuleika Dobson
;;She produced a split for the International Pop Undegeround series with her sometimes backup band Matty Pop Chart which contains their songs "Thailand Song" and "Child of the Sea." Vanessa Carlton was featured on her track, "Moving On" from an album that also contains "Singing Machine," a song that says "they can't all be ballads, Julian."  Besides Hidden Vagenda, she talked about the death of a relative in "My Mom" and she wished to get paid for being herself and desired to be on the road again in "My Rollercoaster." She is probably best known for songs like one that mentions, "Joey never met a bike that he didn't wanna ride," "Tire Swing", and a cover of a song she did while still in Moldy Peaches, "Anyone Else but You," by Michael Cera  and Ellen Page. FTP, identify this musician featured prominently on the Juno soundtrack.;;(Kimya) Dawson
;;A mock conference celebrating the revival of this included speeches on "refuctoring" and one titled "Eliminating Collaboration: Get More Done Alone," while an improvement on it popular in Japan is known as the "Sashimi" Model. It is often associated with the Big Design Up Front approach, and its formulator, Winston Royce, later improved it by outlining the more iterative Spiral Model. Testing is done in the validation step, and ideally each step in it should be finished before another step proceeds. Broken into steps beginning with specifying requirements and sequentially preceding to installation and maintenance, FTP, name this traditional software development model, named for the way  development should proceed down a cliff to the end.;;Waterfall (Model)
;;In Six Memos For the New Millenium, Italo Calvino begins his analysis of "multiplicity" with a quote from a novel by this author. This author psychoanalyzed Fascism in his essay "Eros and Priapo," and his shorter works include a recipe for "Risotto alla Milanese." He wrote an invective against the pronoun "I" and caricatured himself as Gonzalo in his unfinished novel set in the imaginary country of Maradagal, Acquainted With Grief. In another of his novels, Police Commissioner Francesco Ingravallo attempts to solve a theft of jewelry and the murder of Liliana Balducci, which both occur on the title street. For twenty points, identify this 20th century Italian author of That Awful Mess on the Via Merulana.;;(Carlo) (Emilio) Gadda
;;The title concept of this work was coined by Ignace Gelb and developed by thinkers such as Walter J. Ong. The author argues that the metaphysics of presence has dominated European philosophy from Plato to the present in its first section, Exurge. Part two of this book, Nature, Culture and Writing, analyzes Rousseau's Essay on the Origin of Languages, a work that the author situates between Plato's Phaedrus, which discusses the invention of writing, and Hegel's Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences, where alphabetical writing is established as necessarily superior to hieroglyphic writing. Introducing the concepts of  logocentrism and differance to a wider audience, FTP, name this seminal work of deconstructionism by Jacques Derrida.;;Of Grammatology
;;This artist painted a self-portrait with a palette and a straw hat after seeing Rubens' Chapeau de Paille in Flanders. The Louvre houses this artist's picture of a woman in a billowing dark blue robe carrying a woman holding a cornucopia and sheaves of wheat, Peace Bringing Back Abundance. This painter was exiled from France during the French Revolution for being too closely associated with Marie Antoinette, who posed for many portraits by this artist. In another self-portrait, this artist depicted herself wearing a white headscarf and a black dress with a red ribbon while painting a faint canvas. FTP, identify this prominent female French painter of the late  18th century, who shares part of her last name with a 17th century painter who decorated the Hall of Mirrors in Versailles.;;(lisabeth) (Louise) Vigee(-)Lebrun
;;In 1570, a supposed former Gabonese prince named Gaspar Yanga led a slave revolt in this place assisted by an Angolan general, Francisco de la Matosa. For several days in 1638, this city was ravaged by the pirate Laurent de Gaff. Crewmen of the ship Jesus of Lubeck had to walk all the way to New Brunswick on orders of John Hawkins after it was sunk in this city's harbor. More recently, the belief that the German ship Ypiranga was carrying arms to this city led to its capture. This city's main fort, San Juan de Ulua, was shelled in a siege from Point Hornos, and this city was blockaded by France during the  Pastry War. After the USS Dolphin incident, Victoriano Huerta's refusal to apologize led Woodrow Wilson to order this city's capture. FTP, name this Mexican port city, captured by Winfield Scott in 1847, and named by Cortes for the true cross.;;Veracruz
;;Each chapter of this book begins with a quote from Rabindranath Tagore. The author of this book noted that she was able to obtain information easily from very young medical students and older people who had fewer defense mechanisms in a chapter which deals with the reactions to her seminar. One chapter in this book notes the extreme importance of the family's interactions with the individual in question, and insists that they must "recharge their batteries." A chapter entitled "Hope" follows a section outlining a model in which individuals proceed through stages of  denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. FTP, identify this work of thanatology written by Elizabeth Kubler-Ross.;;On Death and Dying
;;It is available in two recensions, the Saunaka, which consists of 730 mostly metrical hymns, and the Paippalada. Because it contains both wholesome, auspicious "white magic" and the terrible "black magic" of the Angirgas, it is sometimes known as its eponymous avangirasah. It contains charms to counteract diseases and possession by evil spirits; prayers for health and longevity and happiness and prosperity, and spells pertaining to various kinds of relationships with women. Also known as the Veda of the Pancakalpins, because of its unique content it was the last of the Vedas to be recognized as authoritative. Less restricted and grammatically pure than the Rig Veda, for fifteen points, name this work, which along with the Sama and Yajur composes the four major Vedic samhitas.;;Atharvaveda
;;A theorem which states an infinite set of points all at an integral distance from each other are collinear is named for Anning and this man. Along with Straus, he is the namesake of a conjecture which states that the sum of three distinct unit fractions is equal to four times another unit fraction always holds true. The generalization of Turan's theorem to non-complete graphs is a theorem named for him and Stone, and the sum of the inverses of the Mersenne primes is a constant named for Bordwein and this man. An inequality relating the distances of a point inside a triangle to the vertices and sides is named for this man and Mordell. Known to refer to a set of elegant proofs comprising  "the book," he is better known for his solutions of Chebyshev's theorem and the Prime Number theorem. The subject of Paul Hoffman's The Man Who Loved Only Numbers, for 10 points, identify this prolific Hungarian mathematician, whose namesake metric describes the distance of collaboration between himself and another scientist.;;(Paul) Erdos
;;This author satirized the Yazoo River land speculation in his lost play The Georgia Speculator, or Land in the Moon. This one-time Chief Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court was the model for Jaffrey Pyncheon in The House of the Seven Gables. Doctor Updike Underhill loses a debate with Mollah over the relative merits of Christianity and Islam after being seized by Algerians in his picaresque novel The Algerine Captive. In another of his plays, Van Rough allows his daughter Maria to marry Captain Manly after  learning about the schemes of the foppish Billy Dimple. FTP, name this author of the first comedy performed in the United States of America, The  Contrast.;;(Royall) Tyler
;;Early in his career he collected relics of St. Philip and stamped out mnogoglasie (silent "m") in a city in which Harold Hardraade had taken refuge. He once resigned after a mass at the Cathedral of Dormition and he was an important member of a group led by Stefan Vonifatiev. His actions led to the future establishment of groups such as the Chapellers and Pomorians, and his most famous action led to the exile of Login, Ivan Neronov, and Paul of Kolomna. An important member of the Zealots of Piety, he was opposed by Daniil and Avvakum, the latter of whom was exiled to  Tobolsk, which became a center for dissidents against this man. Exiled to the Ferapontov monastery after causing a schism with the Patriarchs of Alexandria and Antioch, he succeded Patriarch Joasaf and during the rule of Tsar Alexei, he attempted to update the Russian church with contemporary Greek practice. FTP, name this Metropolitan of Moscow who caused the schism with Old Believers, a man who shares his name with a camera company.;;Nikon
;;This mine worker rose to become the Secretary General of his country's Congress of Trade Unions, and coordinated the "stay-aways" of 1997 and 1998. In 1999, he founded a political party which has opposed the incumbent's land seizures, but cooperated in passing the controversial Constitutional Amendment 18. After the 2002 election, he was arrested and charged with treason, while his 2007 arrest and beating caused international outcry, though he claimed that "the scars have re-energized me." He declared that "democracy is an orphan" in The Guardian, in an article which promised amnesty to his opponent. FTP, name this politician, the leader of the Movement for Democratic Change, who faces a run-off against  Robert Mugabe for the presidency of Zimbabwe.;;(Morgan) Tsvangirai
;;One of these creatures has "a fulgent cloak stark as a warlock's cape" and "roosts alone on a Scots pine" in a Geoffrey Hill poem about one at Alderton. They "flew from the boughs of the hemlocks down to the ground" in a poem whose speaker declares "I felt afraid. And I remembered the cry of" these animals, "Domination of Black." The speaker meets Berserk "In the moonlight / On the bushy plain"  in Wallace Stevens' "Anecdote of the Prince of" these birds, and an author with this surname caricatured Lord Byron as Mr. Cypress, Coleridge as Mr. Losky, and Percy Shelley as Scythorp in Nightmare Abbey. FTP, identify this bird, which is identified with the  strutting Jack Boyle in a Sean O'Casey play whose title pairs it with Juno.;;peacocks
;;The artist of this work later incorporated it into a mosaic on Huntington Beard Crouse Hall at Syracuse University. That artist wrote that this painting attempted to reveal "the acts and the persons involved with as rigorous a simplicity as [he] could command" in The Shape of Content. A single ornate gold column appears in the upper left corner of this painting, whose background features a set of steps leading up to two closed wooden doors flanked by large columns. In the foreground, two men wearing black suits and top hats hold white flowers next to a man dressed in a cap and gown, A. Lawrence Lowell. Those three men stand below Judge Webster Thayer, while the two title figures are depicted at the bottom in coffins. FTP, name this painting by  Ben Shahn about the execution of two Italian anarchists.;;(The) Passion of Sacco and Vanzetti
;;In this modern-day state, troops under Lieutenants W. C. Brown and Edward Farrow defeated the Turakina in the Sheepeater Indian War. A warning by Zachias Van Ornum led troops under Colonel Patrick Connor to perpetuate the Bear River Massacre in this modern-day state. In 1915, this state elected America's first Jewish governor, Moses Alexander. In 1907, Big Bill Haywood was acquitted of assassinating the governor of this state, Frank Steunenberg. Senators from this state include the leader of the Irreconcilables, William Borah. In 1992, U.S. Marshals opened fire on Vicki and Randy Weaver in an incident in this state known as  Ruby Ridge. FTP, name this Northwest state recently represented by Larry Craig, whose largest cities include America's Neo-Nazi capital of Coeur d'Alene, Pocatello, and Boise.;;Idaho
;;The tide of this battle turned when forces under the command of Lieutenant Colonel John Mackintosh surprised a squadron led by Colonel Valdez. Before this battle, the winning commander tried to provoke attacks at Turubamba and Chillogallo. It began with a surprise attack on the Cazadores del Paya Battalion, and went poorly for the defenders when the Yaguachi Battalion of Colonel Morales and the Alto Magdalena Battalion of Colonel Cordova failed to outflank the attackers. However, the reserve Albion Battalion caused heavy casualties for the Aragon Battalion of Melchor Aymerich. Fought on a namesake volcano, this May 24, 1822 battle enabled a country later led by Gabriel Garcia Moreno to join Gran Colombia. FTP, name this victory for Antonio Jose de Sucre which led to  Ecuador's independence from Spain.;;(Battle) (of) Pichincha
;;This composer included a barcarolette with an 18/8 time signature and a piece titled "Odi profanum vulgus et arceo" in his suite beginning with "La vision," Esquisses. He composed "grand etudes" for the left hand, the right hand, and both hands reunited, as well as a massive Concerto for Solo Piano. Another of his works, a sonata containing movements subtitled "Prometheus Bound" and "Quasi-Faust," is titled The Four Ages. His piano works include "Funeral March on the Death of a Parrot," the programmatic etude The Railway, and Scherzo diabolique. This composer allegedly died by being crushed by a bookshelf after reaching for a volume of the Talmud. For twenty points, name this virtuosic 19th century French composer of etudes in every major and minor key.;;(Charles(-)Valentin) Alkan
;;Confirming Frank's Prediction it was discovered that this was statistically proportional to the diameters of micropipes in Silicon Carbide crystals for the super-screw type of a certain process. Experimental methods for determining them include defocus convergent-beam electron diffraction techniques, though they can often be computed using the gb criterion in hexagonal close-packed lattices. Graphically determined by constructing its namesake circuit and finding the difference between the path around a dislocation and the corresponding path in the perfect part of the lattice, for fifteen points, name this vector that describes the magnitude and direction of the distortion for a dislocation within a crystal lattice usually denoted by a lowercase b.;;Burgers (Vector)
;;Anita Brenner refers to the origins of this song as a "jiggling nonsense ballad," and the title character of this song names a type of "people" in an Oscar Zeta Acosta work about Buffalo Zeta Brown. In this song, a baker attends Mass and asks the Virgin Mary for an illegal substance, and Panfilo Natero is declared the pride of Durango. Maria Felix starred in a 1958 film with the same name, which is linked to soldadera culture. Its title possibly refers to Pancho Villa's car or the nickname of Venustiano Carranza, and is slang for "dried-up old maid." Advising one to go to Jalisco for women and  Saltillo for sarapes, it talks about how the title character does not want to walk because it doesn't have any marijuana to smoke. FTP, name this Mexican song about an insect.;;(La) Cucaracha|(The) Cockroach
;;The probably fictitious poisoning of Rammius helped inflame public opinion against this king, and he won two early victories at an encampment near Sycurium and Oreus. During his most notable conflict, he fought campaigns against the Dolopians and Dardanians. His final battle was forced after Scipio Nasica forced this king to fall back on a certain town, and Posidonius was the most noted biographer of this king. After his final defeat, he escaped to Samothrace, and he formed marriage alliances with Seleucus IV Philopator and Prusias of Bithynia. Detested by Eumenes of Pergamum, he was defeated by Lucius Aemillus Paulus and eventually was sent into exile with his brother Philip after losing the Battle of Pydna. FTP, name this last Antigonid Macedonian king,  who shares his name with a hero thrown out to sea by King Acrisius.;;Perseus (of) (Macedon)
;;One of this deity's sons brought Etain to Midir out of gratitude, and fell in love with a woman in the form of a swan, Caer Ibormeith. This god killed Cridenbel by giving him food containing three gold coins, and assured his side's victory over the Fomorians in the Second Battle of Magh Turedh by sleeping with the Morrigan. This son of Danu and father of Angus mac Og owned a club which could kill nine men on one side and revive them with the other, a harp he used to control the seasons, and a magical cauldron that never ran out of food. FTP, identify this Celtic god of the earth, the leader of the  Tuatha de Danann, whose name means "the good god.".;;(the) Dagda
;;In this work, a discussion of vanity concludes that had Cleopatra's nose been shorter, "the whole aspect of the world would have been altered." Other sections of this work deal with prophecies and proofs, and its author defines reason, custom, and inspiration as the three sources of faith in his treatment of the means of belief. The author "cannot forgive Descartes" for being "useless and uncertain" in his philosophical works, and also muses that "I look on all sides, and I see only darkness everywhere." The author states that he is frightened by "The eternal silence of these infinite spaces," before arguing that "The heart has its reasons, which reason does not know." Its defense of  God's existence includes a section describing a choice between infinite happiness and infinite misery, known as it's author's namesake wager. FTP, name this unfinished collection of ideas by Blaise Pascal.;;Pensees
;;Much like many noted quizbowl hobos, a lawyer in this work starts emitting body odors after agreeing to represent the protagonist as a defense attorney. Other characters include Konrad Beiters, whose pistol is used at this work's climax, and Alois Straubleder, who is known to be a "gentleman visitor." The protagonist hooks up with a character at Else Woltersheim's party, and allows him to escape from her Elegant Riverside apartment. Towards this novel's end, Werner Totges asks the title character for a "bang," and she responds by shooting him, possibly in revenge for the scandalous articles published about her involvement in  Ludwig Gotten's case. FTP, name this novel whose title character is disgraced by the German tabloid Zeitung, a work by Heinrich Boll.;;(The) Lost Honor of Katharina Blum|How Violence Can Develop and Where it Can Lead|(Die) verlorene Ehre der Katharina Blum (oder) Wie Gewalt entstehen und wohin sie fuhren kann
;;The benevolent divine being of these people, Ndjambi Karunga, is described in Part III of Gravity's Rainbow. In 1880, these people warred against their neighbors, the Khoi-khoi, and their important leaders included Salatiel Kambazembi, Kahimemua, and Nikodemus Nguvauva. These people fled through the "Trail of Bones" to the Omaheke desert after losing the Battle of Waterberg. Their surviving members were then targeted by an "extermination order" issued by Luthar von Trotha. For fifteen points, name this Bantu tribe of Namibia, the target of German genocide from 1904 to 1907, who were once led by Samuel Maharero.;;(the) Herero
;;The sixth set of these works contains a piece in memory of Niels Gade and the melancholy "Vanished Days." Another set of these works opens with a berceuse, and includes a folk "Fling Dance" and "Spring Dance." Its final volume, its composer's Opus 71, was published thirty-four years after its first volume, which includes a "watchman's song" inspired by Macbeth, and begins with an "Arietta." It includes its composer's Opus 12, Opus 38, Opus 54, and Opus 65, and contains pieces such as "Erotik," "Butterfly," "Wedding Day at  Troldhaugen," and "March of the Trolls." FTP, identify this collection of 66 short works for solo piano by Edvard Grieg.;;Lyric Pieces|Lyriske stykker
;;Silicates of this element are found in rocks such as kaolinite and andalusite, and along with manganese, its silicate is found in spessartine. Studies on freshwater snails show that orthosilicic acid aids in the removal of this element in vivo, while several plants resistant to it release organic acids to prevent its uptake. This metal's hydroxide is used as a binder for phosphate in hemodialysis, and absorption of this element's cation under acidic conditions causes  hydrangeas to change from pink to blue. Organometallic compounds of titanium and this element make up Ziegler Natta catalysts, and this element is the central atom of a hydride is used to reduce esters and carboxylic acids, and is stronger than Sodium borohydride. For 10 points, identify this element which is extracted from bauxite via the Hall Heroult process.;;aluminum|aluminium
;;This thinker wondered "In Times like these, Who Needs Psychoanalysis," in New Maladies of the Soul. This author schematized two modalities of language, the semiotic and the symbolic, and this philosopher's concept of the chora, derived from Plato's Timaeus, drives the understanding of the semiotic in works such as the Revolution in Poetic Language. This critic wrote a trilogy about female genius which analyzed Hannah Arendt, Melanie Klein, and Colette, and analyzed the concept of the "foreigner" in Strangers to Ourselves. In About Chinese Women, she put forth her controversial feminist views, and she discussed depression in Black Sun. FTP, name this author of Desire in Language, a French post-structuralist thinker often associated with  Helene Cixous and Luce Irigaray.;;(Julia) Kristeva
;;Early rulers of this polity included King Uran the Last and Queen Yaruga. A later king, Alfin, was killed in a plane crash, resulting in the ascension of Queen Blenda. Another of its rulers, Thurgis the Third, facilitated his trysts with Iris Acht by constructing a secret passage to this country's Royal Theater. A more recent ruler of this country married Disa, Duchess of Payn, and escaped through the Rippleson Caves after learning of a plot devised by the Shadows. Its seat of power is Onhava Palace, and notable people from this country include Sudarg of Bokay and Conmal, who translated the works of Shakespeare into its native language. Its final king fled to New Wye to teach at Wordsmith College, only to be tracked down by the assassin  Jakob Gradus. FTP, name this "distant northern land," the fictional country of which Charles Kinbote believes himself to be the exiled king in Pale Fire.;;Zembla
;;The thromboxane A2 synthase is the only member of type 5 of this family of proteins, though it lacks their most distinctive function, where as isoform 24A1 these proteins aids in the degradation of vitamin D3. The nuclear pregnane X receptor is known to regulate it, while drosophila strains resistant to DDT overexpress type 6g of these proteins. Some members of this family of proteins catalyze the rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of steroids and prostaglandins, while some others help rid the body of toxins by hydroxylating them at the heme cofactor found at their active sites and are the sites of drug metabolism. For fifteen points, identify this large family of monooxygenase proteins so named for their characteristic absorbance peak, and are found in large quantities in the smooth ER of the liver.;;cytochrome p450 (monooxygenase)|CYP450|(just) CYP
;;The background of this work's first scene features a cat tied to two bladders being thrown out a window. The second scene depicts four fat barristers trapped in a fallen carriage, whose driver is in the midst of beating a horse. The central figure of this work is pictured inserting an arrow into a dog's rectum in the first scene, and is grabbed by men carrying pitchforks after murdering his pregnant lover Ann Gill in its third scene. Its final scene depicts "the reward of" the title trait, and portrays the central figure's dead body being dissected by surgeons. Focusing on Tom Nero, who progresses from brutality to animals to outright murder, for fifteen points, identify this series of engravings by William Hogarth.;;(The) Four Stages of Cruelty
;;This author asked "when he hath the kernel eat, / Who doth not fling away the shell?" in his poem "Community." In another poem, this author lamented bringing "The spider Love, which transubstantiates all, / And can convert manna to gall" to "Twickenham Garden." He wrote "when thou from this world wilt go, / The whole world vapours with thy breath" in a poem comparing his lover's fever to the fire that will destroy the world, and asserted "Since thou and I sigh one another's breath, / Whoe'er sighs most is cruellest, and hastes the other's death" in a poem comparing his tears to coins minted by his lover's face. His elegies include "The Bracelet" and "To His Mistress Going to Bed," and he wondered "by my troth, what thou and I Did, till we loved? were we not wean'd till then?" in "The  Good-Morrow." FTP, name this author whose collected Songs and Sonnets include "The Bait," "The Relic," "The Flea," and "A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning.".;;(John) Donne
;;According to hagiographic traditions, his prodigious intellect was made known to the nagas, who passed to him the radical Perfection of Wisdom texts. In his analysis of the water-jug, he separated reality into the concepts of svabhava or ultimate essence, and samvrtisat or conventional, in order to explain the realization of anatman or "no-self" in attaining nirvana. His presentation of philosophical argument took the form of stotras or hymns to the Buddha adopting a highly paradoxical form, a style that would be adopted by his successors. The founder of the Madhyamaka School, his systematization of sunyata or emptiness is found in his attributed work The Fundamental Verses on the Middle Way. Sometimes known as "the second Buddha," FTP, name this first  Mahayana philosopher in India.;;Nagarjuna
;;In one painting by this name, the central figure is naked except for a billowing, S-shaped red cloth, and stares at a figure sleeping with her left elbow resting on her right thigh. That painting by Luca Giordano was inspired by an earlier work with this name, which was commissioned for the Alabaster Room by Alfonso d'Este. In the lower left corner of this painting, the artist's name is inscribed on a gold urn, while its upper right features eight stars shaped like a crown. The foreground features a man with snakes wound around his body and a satyr, as well as two  cheetahs pulling a chariot, which the first title character is leaping from. Set on the island of Naxos, FTP, name this painting by Titian of the first meeting between the daughter of Minos and the Roman god of wine.;;Bacchus and Ariadne
;;The father of one of the main characters of this show lost one of his eyes when it was fired as the Shot Heard Round the World at the Battle of Lexington. The female lead on this show attracts the attention of Glurge after getting braces, while in another episode a main character is "flashed" and has to remove his picture from all of the newspapers. The viewfinder is used to investigate the efficacy of the assignments performed by the students on this show, while Jim Belushi plays Simon, a human intent on capturing another character capable of greatly increasing his size. The headmaster of the academy on this show, who is assisted by Snorch and Zimbo,  wears bright red high heels on each of his four feet and is named The Gromble. One of the main characters holds his eyes in his hands, while another sort of looks like a candy cane with big lips. Starring Krumm, Oblina and Ickis, FTP, name this Nicktoon where those characters usually have to scare people.;;Aaahh!!! Real Monsters
;;An intermediate step in this reaction sees the formation of a carbene group from an alkyl halide. One of its namesakes also created a mechanism for synthesizing ketones and aldehydes with Choung Un Kim and an olefin synthesis with Ronald Winter. Although it does not involve an aryl ketone, it does produce the same result as the Fritsch-Buttenberg-Wiechell rearrangement and the Seyferth-Gilbert homologation. Like in the Wittig reaction, a dibromoalkene is formed via a  ylide intermediate in one step, and its penultimate step sees the formation of an alkynyl-lithium from a dibromoalkene .FTP, this method of creating terminal alkynes from aldehydes, named for an American and a German.;;Corey(-)Fuchs (Reaction)
;;Landmarks in this county include the Pelisor Palace, constructed by Karel Liman, and the Pelesh Castle, built in the style of Ludwig II by Wilhelm von Doderer. The Hunedoara Castle is a popular destination, and the Sarbi Susani is a wooden church named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in this country. The Horezu Monastery in this country is considered a masterpiece of the Brancovenesque style, and the towns of Rasnov and Bran are also famous for their castles. The Andesite sundial is a noted feature of the fortifications at  Sarmizegetusa, and cities like Sighisoara and Brashov feature Gothic monuments from prominent Saxon communities in Transylvania. FTP, name this country whose Palace of Parliament built by Ceaucescu in Bucharest was an attempt to build the world's largest building.;;Romania
;;This document condemned the subordination of the legislative and judicial powers to the executive, and argued that a certain nation had been offered peace full of shame in exchange for tyranny. After this document was published, police killed Carmen and Aquiles Serdan. Originally drafted by Federico Gonzalez Garza, Roque Estrada, Juan Sanchez Azcona, and Enrique Bordas Mangel, it attacked the choice of Ramon Corral as a successor, and was partially inspired by a raid on its author's newspaper El Anti-Reelectionista. First issued during its author's exile in San Antonio, it called for an uprising on November 20th, and proclaimed the nullification of a fraudulent election won by Porfirio Diaz. FTP, name this 1910 plan issued by  Francisco Madero, which marked the beginning of the Mexican Revolution.;;Plan of San Luis Potosi
;;This society was socially dominated by figures known as machtierns. (mack-tearns) Early leaders of this polity included Salomon, Nominoe, and Erispoe, who defeated King Charles the Bald. The marriage of Conan IV's daughter allowed one king to rule over it until the ascension of Geoffroi. One notable event in this region, the Arret de Conflans, saw Jeanne de Penthievre displaced in favor of direct rule from Philip VI. The death of Charles of Blois caused a period of difficulties in this region, and this state flourished under Dreux leaders such as Jean  IV and Jean V. Arthur, Geoffroi's son, was famously killed by King John, and Anne of this region married Charles VIII and Louis XI, which led to the 1532 incorporation of this duchy into France. FTP, name this region which included such cities as Vannes, Brest, and Quimper, a peninsular region of northwestern France.;;Brittany|Bretagne
;;This figure's main antagonist was the subject of a lost play by Sophocles, and Chaucer wrote about this character in between the stories of Arachne and Phyllis in The Legend of Good Women. In book six of Metamorphoses, Ovid states that this character's antagonist called up viperous sisters from the Stygian pit after learning of his son's death. According to Apollodorus, this sister of Butes and Erechtheus was the daughter of Pandion and Zeuxippe. This woman's sister killed Itys, cooked him into a pie, and fed him to his father after this woman wove a tapestry depicting the crime against her. After Tereus raped this sister of Procne and cut out her tongue, she was turned into a  bird whose song Milton used to represent melancholy in "Il Penseroso." FTP, name this woman from Greek myth who was turned into a nightingale.;;Philomela
;;This author's late works include a monograph about male domination and Pascalian Meditations, and he argued that life is composed of overlapping but autonomous "fields." He redefined Husserl's concept of "doxa" as the beliefs a society takes for granted, and posited that individuals are shaped by a set of dispositions he termed a "habitus" in Outline of a Theory of Practice. This author of On Television theorized that social status is determined by the axes of economic capital, social capital, and cultural capital, and argued that differences in taste are used to legitimize social differences in his major work, which is subtitled "a social critique of the judgment of taste." For twenty points, name this contemporary French sociologist, the author of Distinction.;;(Pierre) Bourdieu
;;This effect was experimentally verified by Carver and Schlicter using electron-saturated samples of lithium, and one recently developed protocol that uses it is the DPFGSE experiment. The steady-state enhancement of this effect is derived by setting the ratio of bulk magnetization equal to the ratio of two gyromagnetic ratios, and for a short peptide, it must be measured in the rotational frame rather than the laboratory frame. Commonly used for protein domain structure determination, it is the basis of the ROESY and NOESY  variations of NMR. FTP, name this effect, the transfer of spin polarization from one population to another via relaxation, named for an American physicist.;;(Nuclear) Overhauser (Effect)
;;This author condemned nihilism in his novels No Way Out and At Daggers Drawn. In one of his short stories, Tsar Alexander I attempts to outdo England by ordering the title character to create a mechanical flea. In another, the monk Ivan Sever'ianovich Fliagin tells passengers on a boat about being captured and crippled by Tartars on his pilgrimage. In addition to "Levsha" and "The Enchanted Wanderer," this author wrote a novella about a woman whose passionate affair with Sergei causes her to kill her nephew Fedia and her husband Zinovii, which was adapted into an opera by Shostakovich. FTP, name this 19th century Russian author of  "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District.".;;(Nikolai) Leskov
;;This work notes that the central figure "is more interesting when he is not noticing what he is about than when he is" after discussing the improbability of a scene where three bullets are fired into the same hole. Beginning with laudatory quotes from Wilkie Collins and Brander Matthews, it describes eighteen violations of "rules governing literary art in romantic fiction" and argues that the central figure "saw nearly all things as through a glass eye, darkly." It attacks as nonsensical a scene where five Indians jump for and miss a boat, and calls the central series of novels "the Broken Twig series." Concluding by calling The  Deerslayer "a literary delirium tremens," FTP, name this 1885 essay lampooning errors made by the author of the Leatherstocking Tales, written by Mark Twain.;;Fenimore Cooper's Literary Offenses
;;One member of this group painted a portrait of another holding a crook and reading from an illuminated manuscript with a red halo around his head. Another member, nicknamed the Zouave, depicted a red mirror above a faceless man in black in The Green Interior. Paintings by members of this movement were often featured in La revue blanche, which was published by Misia and Thadee Natanson. Its founder was called "the one with beautiful icons," while another of its members' fascination with ukiyo-e and kakemono inspired paintings like Les Femmes au Jardin and earned him the nickname "le Japonard." Its members were inspired by a multicolored painting on a cigar box titled The Talisman, and included Paul Ranson, Edouard Vuillard, Pierre Bonnard, Paul Serusier, and Maruice Denis. FTP, identify this post-impressionist French artistic movement named for the  Hebrew word for prophets.;;(Les) Nabis
;;During this period, one figure consulted a piece of quartz crystal, seeking to attack a neighboring tribe which had killed his father, but after being forbidden three times by the crystal's divining arrows, he shouted at it "Go bite your father's penis!" The Fitan records that "the buttocks of the women of Daws wiggled before Dhu al-Khalasah" during this period. Samiri brought the golden calf to Moses during this period. At its end, a general was sent to Nakhlah to destroy a sanctuary, and eventually saw a naked woman with wild black hair and slew her, thus destroying Al-Uzzah. This period included important fairs at Ukaz and Mina', and an prominent deity of this period was turned into in a doorstep. Famous for figures such as Imru' al-Qays and for the establishment of ka'abas at Sindad, Najran, and Makkah, for twenty points, name this period before Islam where deities like Al-Lat, Manat, and Hudal were worshiped.;;jahiliyyah|Age of Ignorance
;;In one section of this work, the oboe and clarinet alternate similar three note-phrases prior to the entrance of the bassoon and the rest of the orchestra. Each pair of instruments is assigned a different interval throughout that section, which precedes its slow third section, "Elegia." Sir George Solti found a mistake in the tempo marking in one of this work's sections, which originally contained "Presentando" in its title. Its composer parodied a section of Shostakovich's Leningrad Symphony in its fourth movement, "Intermezzo interrotto." Sections like the "Introduzione" and "Giuoco delle coppie" or "Game of the pairs" precede its finale, the last and longest, by far, of its five movements. For fifteen points, name this contradictorily-titled work by Bela Bartok.;;Concerto for Orchestra
;;While acting as Guyomar in Dryden's The Indian Emperor, this author forgot to exchange a real sword for a fake one, and nearly killed another actor during a fencing scene. This playwright gained success with Love and a Bottle and The Constant Couple, and wrote the first play performed in Australia. In that play, Captain Plume falls in love with Sylvia, and Sergeant Kite tricks men into enlisting to fight in the War of the Spanish Succession. In another of his plays, the bandits Gibbet, Hounslow, and Bagshot are subdued by Archer and Aimwell, who pursue Mrs. Sullen and Dorinda. FTP, name this Irish playwright of The Recruiting Officer and The  Beaux' Stratagem, who shares his surname with the protagonist of "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge.".;;(George) Farquhar
;;Zombie Studios didn't end up releasing a PS2 version of this game in 2002, while its sequel has a password of "zorro" for one version of level nine as a sort of in-joke. That sequel also provided greater control by letting the player press select to unlock the aiming cursor, and the Bam Entertainment original featured a plot that involves a woman who used to be in the NSA being hunted down by an agent under FBI chief Mills. The sequel's story ties in more closely to the film this portable game is based on, probably involving some bullshit about DIA director Robert Gant being kidnapped and the use of what Wikipedia calls a "nanobot assassin".  FTP, identify this astonishingly good GBA first person shooter released a year before a ridiculously bad 2002 spy film  pitting Antonio Banderas against Lucy Liu.;;(Ballistic(:)) Ecks vs(.) Sever
;;This man's minister of defense was Pal Maleter, and he was supported by a group of intellectuals called the Petofi Circle. He instituted land reforms as his country's minister of agriculture after World War II, and first gained power with the support of Malenkov. He ordered the release of Cardinal Joseph Mindszenty from prison and allowed the reconstitution of the Social Democratic Party and the Smallholders Party in his second term as Prime Minister. In his first term, he announced the New Course and was succeeded by Matyas  Rakosi, while in his brief second term, he abolished the one-party system and announced his country's withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact. Two years after Soviet forces overthrew his government, he was imprisoned and executed by Janos Kadar. FTP, name this leader of Hungary during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.;;(Imre) Nagy
;;This philosopher distinguished between "Qualitative thought" and "Affective Thought" in Philosophy and Civilization, and Sydney Hook was known as this thinker's "bulldog." He suggested that works of art actually hinder our ability to understand aesthetics in Art as Experience, and attacked the prevailing stimulus-response theory on the grounds that it creates a false metaphysical and epistemological distinction between sensory stimulation and motor response in "The Reflex-Arc Concept in Psychology." Richard Rorty sought to integrate this philosopher's thinking with Hegel and Darwin in the Consequences of Pragmatism. For 10 points, name this American philosopher, the author of  Experience and Nature, and Democracy and Education.;;(John) Dewey
;;In one of this author's dialogues, Socrates claims the body of Athikte leaps "like flame replacing flame" and asks "is not great Dancing, my friends, the liberation of our bodies?" Besides "Dance and the Soul," this author wrote two plays with music by Arthur Honegger, Amphion and Semiramis. His prose works include The Outlook for Intelligence and "The Crisis of the Mind," and Degas refused the dedication of this author's "An Evening with Monsieur Teste." After abstaining from writing poetry for nineteen years, he gained fame for his poem "The Youngest of the Fates" as well as a work set where "dove sails saunter by" which claims "The wind is rising!... We must try to live!" Inspired by the notebooks of da Vinci to write his Cahiers, for fifteen points, name this French poet of "The Graveyard by the Sea.".;;(Ambroise(-)Paul(-)Toussaint(-)Jules) Valery
;;Ongoing research by Jagannathan and Wang follows up on Mayer's work on this model, assuming human capital in their measure of wealth, while Banz used a method similar to that of Black and Scholes to test whether firm size explained any residual variation. Fama and French developed a three factor model in place of it, and Richard Roll's critique of it noted that "the market portfolio is unobservable." Stephen Ross developed Arbitrage Pricing Theory in place of this model, while Jensen's alpha is often used to measure the excess return a security provides as predicted using this model. All portfolios satisfying this model can be found on the Markowitz efficient frontier. Introduced by Lintner and Sharpe, for fifteen points, name this financial model which relies on the market risk premium and a financial instrument's beta to determine the appropriate rate of return.;;Capital Asset Pricing Model
;;This scientist solved the terramycin problem as well as suggested beta-lactam rather than Robert Robinson's suggested solution of thiazolidine-oxazolone concerning penicillin. He worked with Geoffrey Wilkinson on ferrocene, while he discussed the synthesis of cephalosporin in his 1965 Nobel Prize lecture. The Prevost reaction produces anti-diols, the opposite of the outcome of a reaction between iodine, acetate, and alkenes in a  cis-hydroxylation named after this man. Kenichi Fukui and a colleague of this man were both awarded the 1981 Nobel Prize for work similar to that of his most famous result. FTP, name this American chemist, one of the namesakes of a doubly-eponymous set of rules predicting the stereochemistry of pericyclic reactions, along with Hoffman.;;(Robert) (Burns) Woodward
;;Two objects in this painting were created by Hirabayashi, and one critic scornfully called this painting "four corners and a void." Two blue jars appear beneath a window in the hazy brown background of this painting, which depicts an oddly-angled red screen on the right. One figure in this painting stands in front of a light brown wall with her hands behind her back, while another figure looks to her right and leans on the leftmost of two large Japanese vases. The youngest of the title figures sits on a carpet and plays with a doll, and the two oldest figures stand in the darker background. Painted in 1882, it depicts the four title figures wearing white dresses, and was finished two years before its artist's painting  Madame X. FTP, name this painting of the children of an American artist by John Singer Sargent.;;(The) Daughters of Edward Darley Boit
;;Causes of this rebellion included a policy of killing peasants unable to pay their taxes by making them wear a straw coat and lighting them on fire, a punishment known as "raincoat dancing." Members of this revolt were put to death if they refused to step on images of Christ or the Virgin Mary called fumies [foo-me-ays]. Its flag depicted two angels worshiping the Eucharist, and it was based out of Hara Castle. After this revolt was suppressed, the victorious general issued an edict prohibiting ships from Portugal. It defeated forces under Terazawa Katakata before its leader, the sixteen-year old Masuda Shiro, was captured and beheaded. For fifteen points, name this 1637 to 1638 rebellion of Japanese Roman Catholics.;;Shimabara (Rebellion)
;;He fought a war with Euneus and received thereafter a portion of land he called Akesa. He died after allying with Rhodians, having established the cities of Petelia and Crimissa. Pylius, Podalirius, and Machaon are among men believed to have helped this man, who may have been beset during a sacrifice to Apollo Sminthius. This son of Demonassa and Poeas is sometimes said to have performed a task alternately attributed to Hyllus or Morsimus, receiving a gift after setting fire to a pile on Mount Oeta. Possibly punished for not returning the love of the nymph Chryse,   Odysseus and Diomedes came to him and he was eventually cured of a wound possibly by Asclepius himself. Exiled on Lemnos, he killed Paris with his most notable possessions, the arrows of Heracles. FTP, name this figure from the Iliad.;;Philoctetes
;;Its final section includes sonnets about J.J. Palma, Walt Whitman, and Liconte de Lisle. Suzette destroys a porcelain doll out of jealousy in one story in this collection, "The Death of the Empress of China." Another story in this collection describes a poet who dies of starvation while cranking a music box for a wealthy man. In addition to "El Rey Burgues," this work includes a section about Ricardo, a lyric poet who leaves Valparaiso in search of art, titled "En Chile." It was heavily promoted by Juan Valera, and it includes the poems "Primaveral," "Estival," and "Pensamiento de Otono" in its section "El Ano Lyrical." Its title refers to the "intense space of the sky" evoked by the title adjective. FTP, name this 1888 collection that ushered in  Modernismo, a work by Ruben Dario named for a color.;;Azul(.)(.)(.)|Blue(.)(.)(.)
;;One naval battle fought in this river was known as the Battle of Palarm and was fought on the steamboat Hallie during the Baxter-Brooks War. It enters one river 25 miles east-northeast of McGeher, and among its forks are Lake and East, which flows past Landville. At Muskayes, it passes through Webber Falls, and the John Martin Dam is one of the largest on this river. Flowing past Canon City, La Junta, and Lamar, it flows in another state through Great Bend, Hutchinson, and Dodge City. Going west from Turquoise Lake, one would arrive at Leadville, and the major tributaries of this river include the Cimarron and the Canadian. Flowing through  Pueblo, Colorado, Wichita, Kansas, and Fort Smith and Pine Bluff in its namesake state, FTP, name this tributary of the Mississippi which flows through Little Rock, capital of its namesake state.;;Arkansas (River)
;;This artist's wife Jesse Macauley Olsson was the model for Mary in his painting of the annunciation, which depicts Gabriel as a column of light. His move to Palestine from 1897 to 1899 inspired his paintings Daniel in the Lion's Den and Nicodemus Visiting Jesus. Alain Locke attacked his painting of an old man sitting at a table saying grace for its lack of "racial realism," and his painting of a man sitting in a chair teaching a young boy to play a stringed instrument was inspired by Paul Laurence Dunbar's poem "A Banjo Song." A student of Thomas Eakins, for fifteen points, identify this artist of The Thankful Poor and The Banjo Lesson, the foremost African-American painter of the late 19th century.;;(Henry) (Ossawa) Tanner
;;One branch of their government is currently lead by Arcadius, and another member of this race is the leader of the Crimson Cadre, General Ator. Their capital is currently located in the Blue Area of the moon, and had previously been taken over by Ronan the Accuser. The giant bulldog Lockjaw is the official transport of this groups' royal family, which includes the philosopher Karnak and his brother Triton. Another member of this group is the mother of Luna and former husband of Pietro Maximoff. In accordance with the dictates of their Genetics Council, these people gain their power from a substance that was recently stolen by Quicksilver, the  Terrigen Mists, and Gorgo recently commanded a force of them that attacked New York. Currently lead by Medusa, FTP, name this Marvel Comics subspecies of genetically advanced humans created by the Kree, whose most famous members are Crystal and Black Bolt.;;(The) Inhumans
;;The group responsible for this plan was infiltrated by government spies like George Edwards and George Ruthven on the urging of John Stafford. It was incited when the four leaders of the Society of Spencean Philanthropists were arrested at Spa Fields, and its leaders included Richard Tidd, James Ings, and William Davidson. Richard Birnie arrested the people behind this plot, which was masterminded by Arthur Thistlewood. The members of this plot planned to break into Lord Harrowby's house, kill all the government ministers there, and mount the heads of  Sidmouth and Castlereagh on pikes. FTP, identify this 1820 plot named for the arrest of its members in a house on the title road.;;(the) Cato Street Conspiracy
;;Oscar Wilde's poem "Quantum Mutata" laments "Luxury with barren merchandise piles up the gate / Where noble thoughts and deeds should enter by: / Else might we still be" this man's inheritors. An essay by William Hazlitt asserts that "the fervor of" this man's "imagination melts down and renders malleable, as in a furnace, the most contradictory materials." Another poem calls this man "Pure as the naked heavens, majestic, free," and asks him to "raise us up, return to us again" because "England hath need of thee: she is a fen." In an epic poem, a young girl named Ololon reveals that she is searching for this man, after he enters the author's foot in a comet. That epic poem named for this author features a poem asking "And did those feet in ancient time / Walk upon England's mountains green?" and was written by William  Blake. FTP, name this author whose tracts include The Reason of Church Government and The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce, who also wrote Comus and Paradise Regained.;;(John) Milton
;;A related mechanism, the dominant one for semiconductors, named for D'yakonov and Perel, and unlike this mechanism is independent of the mean free path. This mechanism occurs because in real crystals momentum eigenstates named Bloch States are not spin-eigenstates anymore. If this mechanism is the primary spin scattering mechanism, then the spin-flip length lambda-sf will be linearly proportional to the mean free path. Yielding a spin relaxation rate of 1/T, for twenty points, name this main spin-flip mechanism for metals.;;Elliot(-)Yafet (mechanism)
;;Jeffrey Quilter explored a "revolt of the objects" in the later works of this culture, divided into five distinct phases. This culture's owl god usually is shown holding a war club, although he is rarely depicted in actual battle scenes, and their pantheon was very similar to their contemporaries, the Cupisnique. Ai Apaec is probably the most important of one class of gods in this culture, gods who usually hold a knife in one hand and a severed head in another and are appropriately known as the decapitator gods. Their religion likely centered around sun and moon gods, as evidenced by the massive Temples of the Sun and Moon at Trujillo, and the so-called Lord of  Sipan has provided a rich set of gold and turquoise artifacts from this culture. Also known for pottery depicting exaggerated sexual acts, FTP, identify this pre-Columbian civilization lasting from roughly 100 AD to 800 AD in modern-day Peru.;;Moche|Mochica|Proto(-)Chimu|Early Chimu
;;One author from this country wrote a play ending with Eddie performing the title dance over the corpse of the idealistic Arthur. Another author from this country wrote about a 30-year-old man who fights with his cousin under a pair of giant buttocks after being abducted by Dr. Pimko and transforming into a schoolboy. The authors of Tango and Ferdydurke are from this country, whose national epic tells of the feud between the Soplica and Horeszko families, which is resolved when the title character marries Zosia. In addition to that epic poem, Pan Tadeusz, another author from this country wrote The Teutonic Knights and  With Fire and Sword. FTP, name this country home to Slawomir Mrozek, Witold Gombrowicz, Adam Mickiewicz, and Henryk Sienkiewicz, which was partitioned a lot.;;Poland
;;Recent missions to discover more information about these objects include the high altitude flights conducted by the Southwest Research Institute, necessary to reduce twilight effects. The MESSENGER probe will potentially provide more information about these bodies, which may be difficult because the Yarkovsky Effect might have resulted in the destruction of all of these objects greater than 1 kilometer in diameter. They are hypothesized to exist in regions between 0.06 and 0.21  Astronomical Units away from the Sun, and would provide for why a certain planet has craters and a high precession in its perihelion. FTP, identify these asteroids theorized to exist between Mercury and the Sun, named for hypothetical missing planet and for a Roman god who sired Caeculus and works at Mount Etna.;;Vulcanoid (Asteroids)|Vulcanoids
;;The peace of La Mabilais during this period proved to be a failure, and the displaying of the head of the guard Feraud upon a pike to Boissy d'Anglas led to his resignation. Billaud, Collot, and Vadier were among those sentenced to deportation during this period, and the death of a figure guarded, kicked, and beaten by a cobbler named Simon on 20 Prairial led to a crisis in succession. Pusaiye and d'Hervilly disputed command at an invasion of Quiberon Bay, and a conflict ended at La Jaunaie during this period with the acceptance of peace of with the Chouans. Important documents signed during it included the Third of Ventose law, which separated church and state, and one phenomenon of this period was helped by cebets or onion eaters, and was reflected in events like J. Fernex being tossed in the Rhone River, a period known as the  White Terror. Beginning with the arrests of Couthon, Hanriot, Saint-Just and the brothers Robespierre, FTP, name this "reaction" against the Committee of Public safety which began on July 27, 1794.;;Thermidorian (Reaction)
;;This region's capital features monuments such as the tombs of Abu Muzaffar Bahdur Khan and the Mausoleum of Momine Khatun. Arakel of Tabriz wrote about the deportation of residents from one city in this region to Esfahan, where that group established the town of Julfa, named after a city in this region. Samara Airlines is the only international airline which serves this region, whose main international road connections are to Igdir (uh-dur) across the Aras river in one of the three nations this region borders. The home of politicians such as Abulfaz Elchibay and Heydar Aliyev, one must fly to Ganja for onward travel since its border with  Armenia is closed. Surrounded by Turkey, Iran, and Armenia, FTP, name this Azerbaijani exclave.;;Naxchivan (x) (is) (pronounced) (like) (a) (kh)
;;A 2000 study discussed the possibility of an exchange factor involving the plasma membrane and this molecule in chromaffin cells. A version of this molecule with four attached phosphate groups is an alarmone that regulates the stringent response in E. Coli.  Hoogsteen bonding stabilizes the square arrangement of these molecules in a namesake quadruplex than can be found in vitro in telomeres, and its deamination results in the production of  xanthine. Attached to a ribose, its phosphorylation results in a molecule that acts as a substrate for synthesizing RNA, and proteins involving them act as regulators involved in second messenger cascade reactions; an example of the latter is stimulating the use of ATP in producing cyclic AMP. First extracted from sea bird excretions, this is, FTP, which purine, one of the five nucleotide bases which base pairs with cytosine?.;;guanine|guanosine|G
;;This author parodied the "hammering" theme from Das Rheingold to depict the construction of the Hindenberg in his Three Tales. One of this composer's operas is set at Machpelah, the burial site of Ishmael, Isaac, and Abraham. This composer set Ludwig Wittgenstein's statement "How small a thought it takes to fill a whole life" to music in Proverb, and his first work looped a recording of Brother William saying "It's gonna rain." He set four Jewish Psalms to music in Tehillim, and the Kronos Quartet commissioned his piece contrasting railway noises with sirens, Different Trains. A metallophone signals the changes between pulses in his work based on eleven simple chords,  Music for 18 Musicians, and in another of his works, a percussion phrase of eight beats and four rests goes in and out of phase. FTP, name this minimalist composer of Drumming.;;(Steve) Reich
;;One character in this novel is jailed for nearly killing Dusty-butt Jones. Later on, Bo creates watch fobs out of the remains of Smothers, who dies in an explosion that blinds a character with a gold tooth. One character in this novel kills a riding-boss for insulting his mother, and becomes unfaithful to his wife Hattie after breaking up a dogfight. This novel features a love triangle involving the Mexican prostitute Anna, and depicts the migration of three brothers from Kentucky to Pennsylvania. It ends with Melody and Chinatown leaving for Pittsburgh after their brother Big Mat is killed breaking a strike. For fifteen points, name this novel about the Moss brothers, who move North to work in a steel mill, a work by William Attaway.;;Blood on the Forge
;;The Hays Committee censored this film because of a scene where a child is interrupted while urinating on a wall. The protagonist is deserted by his friend Baiocco during a rainstorm, and later chases the title character into a brothel, only to be threatened by a mob. The first poll ever conducted by Sight and Sound ranked this neo-realist movie the best of all time. Maria sells her bedsheets so her husband can retrieve the title object from a pawnshop, allowing him to get a job putting up posters of Rita Hayworth, until the protagonist is victimized by the title character. In this movie, Enzo Staiola plays Bruno, the young son of the protagonist, Ricci, who is eventually driven to  steal the title object during a soccer game. Set in postwar Italy, FTP, name this 1948 movie by Vittorio de Sica.;;(The) Bicycle Thief|Bicycle Thieves|Ladri di Biciclette
;;This economist's namesake condition, which similar to one developed by Keynes, applies when the budget constraint in his namesake auctions holds constant. The Cowles Commission is associated with developing the "neo" school of this economist.  A model involving households, firms, primary factors and produced commodities was named for him and the author of The Theory of Social Economy, Gustav Cassel. In a revision to his major work, he got pissed off at Phillip Wicksteed for stealing his Marginal Productivity Theory of Distribution. He helped inspire the work of Vilfredo  Pareto, who is typically grouped into the Lausanne School with this economist. The author of Elements of Pure Economics, FTP, name this French economist, a major developer of general equilibrium theory along with Menger and Jevons.;;(Marie(-)Esprit(-)Leon) Walras
;;This work is divided into two volumes which critique the supposed "infallibility" of two primary modern institutions. In chapter five of this work, "Blind Leaders of the Blind," the author attacks Darwinism and Mr. Huxley's derivation from the Orohippus. The author presents the work of Emmanuel Swedenborg, and offers a distinction between Spiritualism and spiritualist phenomena, such as astral plane crossing. This work begins by highlighting the esoteric wisdom which existed "Before the Veil" of modern institutions. Written by the author of The Secret Doctrine, and subtitled "A Master Key to the Mysteries," for fifteen points, name this book by Helena Blavatsky, a major work of Theosophy whose title refers to an Egyptian Goddess.;;Isis Unveiled
;;A book by Eric Walther describes nine members of this group, which included the author of The Partisan Leader, a futuristic novel about a dictatorship led by Martin Van Buren. Members of this group included an expert on soil chemistry famed for his "Essay on Calcareous Manures" and the editor of their mouthpiece, DeBow's Review, and their ranks included Leonidas Spratt, William Porcher Miles, and Nathaniel Beverly Tucker. Another member of this group wrote the Alabama Platform, while yet another member, Edmund Ruffin, established the League of United Southerners. Led by William Yancey and Robert Rhett, they split the 1860 Democratic convention in Charleston because they believed that a Republican presidential victory would cause their states to  secede. FTP, name this group of extreme pro-slavery Southerners named for their incendiary rhetoric.;;Fire(-)Eaters
;;In one work by this writer, the Turk Durfedzhibasov comically can't figure out the word for "sheep" and the German Baron von Donnershlag tries to impress his way into an audience with the title character Khrisanf by claiming "sixteen grandfathers and grandmothers." That play, A Prominent Nobleman's Entrance Hall, is the most notable literary work by this ruler. Among those who led revolts against this ruler was the German Ohotyn-Leuchtenfeld, who came across another former rebel against this ruler, Maurice Benovsky, future Emperor of Madagascar, in the former's Aleutian colony. This ruler used the advice of Baron Igelstrom and made the Tatar leader Muhammad Djan-Hussein a paid state official. The Scottish admiral Samuel Greig won the Battle of Cheshme for this ruler, which eventually led to the Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji. More famous for installing  Stanislaw Poniatowski as king of Poland and deposing Shahin Girai, last khan of Crimea, FTP, name this lover of Orlov and Potyomkin, a Russian empress who succeeded Peter III.;;Catherine the Great|Catherine II
;;The love theme of this opera, introduced by two solo celli in act II, scene 2, is sung to text originally introduced as a trio for countertenor, contralto, and trumpet. The title character first sings at the "Window of Appearances," after which tubular bells reprise the coronation theme. In act III, scene 3 of this opera, the Scribe reprises the Prelude on lyrics from Frommer's travel guide, marking the shift from Year 17 to the present day. Just before that scene, Horemhab and Aye sing "Let the king care for his land" to convince the crowd to rise up and kill the title character and his family. The title character's "Hymn," which is always sung in the native language of the audience, is paired with Psalm 104 to emphasize his monotheism. Written in  Biblical Hebrew, Akkadian and Ancient Egyptian, FTP, name this "portrait" opera by Philip Glass named for a pharaoh.;;Akhnaten
;;Extremely low concentrations of Iron-Magnesium HMPA catalysts can add indole to these compounds, and a class of these compounds with boronic acid moieties was found to have anti-tumor properties and may work by inhibiting MDM2-p53 interactions. These compounds have a biosynthetic pathway very similar to that of stilbene, and in plants these compounds are generally isomerized into flavanones. These compounds can be synthesized via an aldol condensation of benzaldehyde and acetophenone derivatives by griding the reactants with a mortar and pestle. For twenty points, identify this class of aromatic ketones, whose solvent free synthesis is a hallmark of green chemistry.;;chalcones
;;In this novel, a personality cult that forms around mathematics professor Weed Atman causes College of the Surf to secede from the United States and form the People's Republic of Rock and Roll. At the Bodhi Dharma Pizza Temple, Hector Zuniga tells one character about forces threatening his ex-wife before being returned to an asylum for people obsessed with television by Dr. Dennis Deeply. This novel begins with a man dressing up in a brightly colored dress and jumping through a window made of candy. Another character in this novel accidentally uses the Vibrating Palm on Takeshi Fumimota instead of federal prosecutor Brock Vond. That female ninja, DL Chastain, goes on a quest to help the daughter of Zoyd Wheeler, Prairie, find her mother Frenesi Gates. FTP, name this 1990 novel named for a fictional town in California, written by  Thomas Pynchon.;;Vineland
;;The website for this company notes that it can "bring [its] own laptop" to avoid one's "internal IT morass" in its section about "Highly Technical Writing." Its website also links to Mark Judd Mitchell's invention of an "inboard/outboard motor protector with underwater hydrofoil" in its illuminating section about "Patents." Its motto is "it's your move," and its website's header depicts a man standing on a rook looking across an ocean towards a king. This company may be best known for supplying customers like the American Association of Schools in South America, Kansas AEC, and Galludet Academic Bowl with questions asking for "the 19th century author of a novel whose setting today has its own website at 7Gables.org." FTP, name this  Colorado-based company whose founder once accused Missouri high schoolers of being unable to "find their rear ends with both hands and a map.".;;Avery Enterprises
;;This work states that "stupidity is the same the world over," and argues that if its principles are adopted, the brain trust of humanity could be doubled. In its first chapter, the author asserts that all laws begin by converting "a mere physical fact into a legal right," and argues that it is unnecessary to pass laws to prevent the central group from doing what it cannot. Its second chapter states that giving people "almost unlimited power" encourages them to abuse it, while its third chapter argues that there is no evidence that the title group is mentally inferior. The author finds no difference between St. Paul's statements "Slaves, obey your masters" and " Wives, obey your husbands," and equates the marriage contract to "legal bondage." Co-written with Harriet Taylor, it uses the utilitarian principle of self-protection to argue that the title group should be allowed to vote. For ten points, name this feminist work by John Stuart Mill.;;(The) Subjection of Women
;;Animal representations in this painting include rabbits squashed in between the bases and columns of the loggia screen as well as tiny lion's heads that stand over reliefs representing the sins of pride and envy. One figure's red cloak has an inscription in embroidered gold taken from the liturgy of Matins, and a peacock stands to the left of two men wearing chaperones who look out over a river. Another figure has an illuminated manuscript of the Book of Hours in his lap, while the child in this painting holds a crystal globe surmounted with a gold cross. An angel hovers overhead with an ornate crown, and the two title figures are seated directly across from each other. Commissioned for the Notre Dame du Chastel in Autun, FTP, name this painting featuring the advisor to the Duke of Burgundy, a work by  Jan van Eyck.;;Virgin of Chancellor Rolin|Madonna of Chancellor Rolin
;;This man spent his final years planning a "Three Americas" Railway running from Canada to South America, which he hoped would result in the displacement of minorities by whites. He denounced California in his first book, The Land of Gold, and argued that blacks should be expelled from the United States in The Negroes in Negroland. In another book, he argued that slavery prevented the South from industrializing, and kept non-slaveholding whites in a servile position. For fifteen points, name this Southern author who denounced slavery in his 1857 book The Impending Crisis of the South.;;(Hinton) (Rowan) Helper
;;They are formed by the Bjorken mechanism, while another method of producing them is known as [this name]-strahlung. When vacuum expectation value confers a major part of their characteristic property, a quadratic term is introduced to hZZ coupling and a quartic term is introduced into the hhh coupling. In an experiment at the Tevatron it may have decayed into a bottom quark anti-quark pair, and in another experiment, a  160 GeV particle decaying into two tau leptons may have been one of them. They are thought to have arisen due to spontaneous symmetry breaking as the universe cooled. That symmetry breaking occurs with the introduction of a namesake field, which accounts for why a photon is massless compared to the W and Z bosons. For 10 points, identify this particle, the only one from the standard model yet to be observed, which is hypothesized to impart mass to matter.;;Higgs bosons
;;This novel refers to the Reading Room of the British Museum as the "valley of the shadow of books." Near the conclusion of this novel, Mr. Whelpdale proposes a new paper intended for people with short attention spans, Chit-Chat. The protagonist, described as "an alarmingly modern young man," writes an enthusiastic review of Mr. Bailey, Grocer, a realistic novel by Harold Biffen, and eventually replaces Mr. Fadge as the editor of The Current. After inviting his sisters Maud and Dora to live with him in London, the protagonist proposes to Marian Yule, but instead marries Amy, the former wife of struggling novelist Edwin Reardon. Focusing on  Jasper Milvain, an author who sacrifices artistic merit for success, FTP, name this novel by George Gissing.;;New Grub Street
;;In the third movement of this work, a series of unexpected shifts from one key to another represent people drinking vodka, and the main theme is played on a saxophone. In its fourth movement, french horns play a rondo over the rhythmic ringing of sleigh bells. This suite begins with a cornet fanfare leading into a parodic march, and contains movements about the romance, wedding, and death of the title character. Originally composed for a 1933 film, this suite begins with the title character's "birth" after Czar Paul I mishears a  military order. FTP, name this suite about a fictitious military officer composed by Sergei Prokofiev.;;Lieutenant Kije (Suite)
;;In the third act of this play, one character signals to the protagonist by stabbing herself and letting her blood flow into a river. In the first act, the protagonist is rescued when a minister performs an impromptu Caesarean section on his dead mother. Its first act includes a mock battle between plum blossoms and cherry blossoms, and an invasion is signaled when the antagonist slices out his left eye. In its fourth act, forces under Bairoku plummet into a gorge when the cloud bridge they are crossing disappears, and it ends with the title character and his generals Kanki and Go Sankei killing Ri Toten, the leader of the Manchus. First performed in 1715, for fifteen points, name this play about a general who restores the Ming dynasty, a history play by Chikamatsu.;;(The) Battles of Coxinga
;;One mechanism for improving them can be inadvertently rendered ineffective by compiler optimization and is an algorithm named for Kahan. A proposed new standard for them will employ an "FMA" operation which, through the use of Horner's scheme, can improve the efficiency of polynomial evaluation. IBM's S/390 architecture defines a proprietary format for them, an architecture that employs various wrapping techniques like "late" and "long-to-short" in order to improve efficiency of operations on them. Thomas Nicely pointed out an infamous flaw in a certain operation on them in  Intel's first Pentium chip in 1994. The most common implementation of them, IEEE 754, does not use two's complement but instead biases the exponent bits in order to improve the efficiency of comparison. That standard also provides for a mantissa and a sign bit. FTP, identify these ways to represent non-integer numbers on a computer, designated in C by appending an f to the end of a number.;;Floating Point (Numbers)
;;This work suggests that one "not be mean with the emerald stones for one's wives or daughters" and suggests giving them "valuable pieces" for their "breast." At one point, the author is identified as the son of his brave father by a random professor and fellow war veteran, and feels as if "a bucket of hot water had been thrown over me." The protagonist's father is killed after a framed cigarette-passing incident, and this work praises such men as Gorogly and Gorkut Ata. In Section Five, the author mentions the importance of the bull, an animal with whom the protagonist is featured in a prominent statue. It reflects about the protagonist being orphaned by an earthquake, and randomly combines  Seljuk history and modern CIS treaty law. FTP, name this book, a core part of the driving test of Turkmenistan, written by Sapurmurat Niyazov.;;Rukhnama
;;One person who negotiated this accord designed the flag of Hejaz. This accord was reaffirmed by the San Remo Conference, and conflicted with Henry McMahon's earlier promises to Husayn ibn Ali. Sometimes also named for Sazonov, this accord established an international "brown zone," and gave one side control of the ports of Acre and Haifa. It gave Russia the Sea of Marmara and the west coast of the Bosphorus, and gave France control of Cilicia and the oil region of Mosul. After the Russian Revolution, the main parties to this agreement annulled Russian claims, causing Lenin to release a copy of it. Partitioning the  Middle East into spheres of influence, FTP, name this secret agreement signed in 1916 by the British and French which divided up the territory of the Ottoman Empire.;;Sykes(-)Picot (Agreement)
;;Steven Jay Gould suggested that this person is at least "gloriously wrong," and a work by Alfredo Garzia subtitled "Scientism vs. Science" documents the intellectual and academic controversy caused by this man's work. In order to justify his celestial mechanics, he detailed a theory of electromagnetism for large bodies in Cosmos without Gravitation, and he analyzed the Ipuwer Papyrus's documentation of the Israelite Exodus in Theses for the Reconstruction of Ancient History. In his most controversial work, he uses a comparative analysis of myths to argue that the Earth has been subjected to a number of cosmological catastrophes and near-catastrophes, which has been in part obscured by a global "cultural amnesia." FTP, name this controversial  Russian thinker, the author of Worlds in Collision.;;(Immanuel) Velikovsky
;;The employer of Jobst, Fridolin, and Dietrich pits them in a footrace to keep their jobs in this author's short story "The Three Righteous Combmakers." This author wrote about a schoolteacher embroiled in politics in his last novel, Martin Salander, and wrote about St. Dorothea, St. Vitalis, and St. Eugenia in Seven Legends. Karl Hediger becomes engaged to Hermine Frymann after carrying a flag emblazoned with "Friendship in Freedom" in his story "The Banner of the Upright Seven," one of many stories by this author set in the town of Seldwyla. He also wrote a bildungsroman about Heinrich Lee, a struggling artist nicknamed for the color of his coats, and a short story about the love between Sali and Vrenchen. FTP, name this Swiss author of  Green Henry and A Village Romeo and Juliet.;;(Gottfried) Keller
;;Their publicly announced purpose was to fight a war against the Pisidians, and their ranks were bolstered by a secret agreement made with the Lacedaemonian government. This group once plundered the city of Lycaonia, and the wife of Prince Syennesis, Epyaxa, helped keep them from disbanding. In their most well known battle, a commander on the opposing side, Tissaphernes, retreated, although modern scholars credit him as being key in defeating them. That defeat saw the death of their commander, Clearchus, and was the 401 BCE Battle of Cunaxa. Organized by Cyrus  the Younger in order depose his brother Artaxerxes II, and known for their retreat from Asia Minor, FTP, identify this group of Greek mercenaries whose exploits were recorded in The Anabasis by one of their leaders, Xenophon.;;(The) (March) (of) (the) Ten Thousand (Mercenaries)
;;Tharp and Gallimore developed a four-stage recursive model of this idea, and its formulator stated that this concept defined functions akin to "buds" instead of "fruits." People in this state can be assisted by MKOs, or more knowledgeable others. Its formulator developed it after examining ways to measure the differences in mental age, and argued that it was "invisibly present" in his work Mind in Society. Defined as the space between a child's level of independent performance and a child's level of maximally assisted performance, it is often used in conjunction with scaffolding. FTP, name this model of learning developed by  Lev Vygotsky.;;(the) Zone (of) Proximal Development
;;This deity sliced open the mouth of the sea slug when it refused to swear loyalty to the gods. This deity was made the head of the Sarume Order after marrying Saruta-Hiko in order to aid the descent of Ninigi. According to the Kojiki, this goddess performed her most notable action next to a sakaki tree decorated with jewels. This goddess stood on an overturned tub and exposed her sacred genitals while performing a lewd, comic dance, which provoked so much laughter that another goddess was enticed to look into a mirror. For fifteen points, identify this Japanese goddess of mirth whose dancing caused Amaterasu to emerge from her cave.;;Ame(-)no(-)Uzume (no) (Mikoto)
;;It was contemporaneous with an organization set up in Harbin, and the groundwork for it was elucidated in an editorial in the Hung-ch'i by Cheng Chih-ssu that addressed the "Great Lessons" of its inspiration. It was established by the "January Storm," although its name was quickly changed to the "revolutionary committee" to avoid associations with the democracy of its inspiration, created 95 years before it. A similarly named organization was established in 1927 after a strike of some 800,000 workers, although it was ended by order of Chiang Kai-shek in the April 12 Incident. This polity was dominated by Yao Wenyuan and Zhang Chunqiao, two members of the Gang of Four, and lasted for only a brief period during the Cultural Revolution in 1967. FTP, identify this polity modeled after an 1871  government dominated by Adolphe Thiers, established in a city on the Yangtze River Delta.;;Shanghai (People's) Commune
;;The second piece in this suite quotes from the song Do, do, l'enfant do to represent an elephant being sung to sleep. The first piece in this suite parodies finger exercises, and is named after a collection of studies by Muzio Clementi. Inspired by Mussorgsky's song cycle The Nursery, this suite includes The Little Shepherd and The Snow is Dancing, and ends with a piece based on ragtime melodies which parodies a chord from Wagner's Tristan and Isolde. Including Jimbo's Lullaby, Doctor Gradus ad Parnassum, and  Golliwog's Cakewalk, FTP, name this suite of six piano pieces by Debussy dedicated to "Chou-Chou," his daughter.;;Children's Corner
;;Van der Corput's theorem concerns sequences whose differences of terms have this property. The Marsaglia polar method is a refinement of the Box-Muller transformation, both of which generate two normally distributed random variables given numbers taken from this distribution. For a Poisson process, the vector of gamma-distributed arrival times has the same distribution as the order statistics of a sample of random variables from this distribution, while the k-th order statistic of n independent and identically-distributed random variables from this distribution is beta-distributed. On the  unit interval, equidistribution deals with sequences, mod 1, that have this distribution. FTP, name this probability distribution for which each value has the same probability of occurrence.;;uniform (distribution)
;;One of this author's title characters murders his wife Lene before sitting on the train tracks where his son Tobias was killed. He wrote about Francesco Vela, a priest who joins a cult devoted to Eros, in "The Heretic of Soana." This author of prose works such as The Fool in Christ, Emanuel Quint and Bahnwarter Thiel is better known for dramas, including a tetralogy about the Atrides and a play about Alfred Loth, Before Dawn. He also wrote a "thieves' comedy" about Mrs. Wolff, who steals the title object from Kruger, and a play about the visions of an abused girl, as well as a play where a song by Moritz Jager inspires a  rebellion against the factory owner Dreissinger. FTP, name this German playwright of The Beaver Coat and Hannele who dramatized a revolt of workers in Silesia in The Weavers.;;(Gerhart) Hauptmann
;;He and Yu proved these relations in a four dimensional one-loop system, and one of their namesakes derived transverse relations between Green's functions that complement these statements by replacing inner products with wedge products. In external non-Abelian gauge vector fields, an anomaly in these relations occurs due to the axial current divergence. Originally used to relate the wavefunction of an electron to its vertex renormalization factor, in general they are relations between correlation functions in a quantum field theory. For fifteen points, name these doubly eponymous quantum analogues of Noether's Theorem, named for British and Japanese scientists.;;Ward(-)Takahashi (Identities)
;;Ivaldi gave this figure the mead reserve Byrgir in order to marry his granddaughter Gunnlod. This father of Suttung created the primordial cow Audhumla to nourish Ymir, and this husband of Sinmore later uses the sword Gambantein to kill a god who fights him with a stag's antler. The land he guards was the source of the planets and stars, and mixed with Niflheim in order to create life. His name means "black," and this guardian of  Muspellheim will kill Freyr at Ragnarok before burning the nine worlds. FTP, identify this fire giant from Norse mythology.;;Surtr
;;This work attacks the corruption and materialism caused by teaching the young how to divide a sum of money into a hundred parts. This work ends by describing a man who urinated on his father's ashes and fastens on unwary readers like a leech, gorging himself in their blood. It begins by describing the absurdity of a painter attaching a horse's neck to a human head, and was first translated into English by Ben Jonson. Its author's third epistle, it is addressed to Lucius Calpurnius Piso and his sons. It states that plays should be five acts, emphasizes the importance of reviewing  Greek models, and notes that "even Homer nods." It also states that epic poems should begin "ab ovo" and "in medias res." FTP, name this treatise on poetry by Horace.;;Ars Poetica|(The) Art of Poetry
;;The lower left corner of this painting depicts a man fallen between two chairs and a man in blue biting a column. In the center, a man holds up a lit candle and prays to a devil, while another man pastes a fake white beard on Christ. A shallow river in this painting contains a man using a fan in an attempt to block out the sun and a man attempting to catch an eel by the tail. More amusing characters in this painting include a man armed to the teeth in order to bell a cat, a woman in a red dress putting a blue cloak over her husband's face, and a man shooting arrows at pies in the upper left. Painted in 1559, its layout is similar to its artist's other painting  Children's Games, and its background alludes to The Blind Leading the Blind, one of the title sayings. FTP, name this painting by Pieter Brueghel the Elder which illustrates over a hundred of the title idioms.;;(The) Netherlandish Proverbs
;;The introduction to this book argues that there is "no contrast" between the theories of elementary ideas, original community, and migration, and asserts that all preceding studies of the same subject projected the human psyche onto the processes of nature. Its third section notes that the title concept is "preceded by difficulties, such as continence, or prolonged barrenness, or secret intercourse of the parents." Its second section compares Jesus Christ with Zoroaster in between discussions of Hercules and Sigfried, and begins by describing Akki the water carrier's rescue of Sargon. This book argues that the essentials of the title concept are descent from noble parents and being exposed to a river in a box, before analyzing the stories of its second section, "The Circle of Myths." FTP, name this book which psychoanalyzes the  origins of legendary figures, a work by Otto Rank.;;(The) Myth of the Birth of the Hero|(Der) Mythus von der Geburt des Helden
;;The "Area X" sends signals to the lateral magnonuclear nucleus of the nidopallum which helps coordinate the repetitive nature of this, while Sturnella neglecta was discovered to belong to a separate species from S. magna because of the difference in this. In most organisms, the posterior descending pathway is essential in acquring it while the anterior forebrain pathway  is involved in learning this  behavior. Those pathways originate at the High Vocal Center, from where signals are directed to the hypoglossal nucleus, and it usually more developed in males. For 10 points, identify this behavior commonly exhibited by Zebra finches and canaries for communication.;;bird song|singing
;;This work was reconstructed and directed by Robert Benedetti in 1981. At one point in this work, Nero and Caligula appear "combined in one person," while the second scene calls for ten thousand soldiers wearing Turkish costumes to appear onstage. Its libretto was written in the language of zaum by Aleksei Kruchenykh. Act two begins with an argument between "the cowards" and "the new ones," while in its final scene, an aviatior sings "Ha-ha-ha I am alive" after his plane crashes onstage. This opera describes the triumph of the "strong men" over the title entity, and features a bizarre geometric set designed by Kasimir Malevich. FTP, name this 1913 Futurist opera in which the title  star is imprisoned in a concrete box.;;Victory Over the Sun
;;This work was originally meant to conclude with an epilogue titled A Hair of the Dog. The end of this cycle focuses on the brothers Ethan, Wolfe Tone, Jonathan, and Honey, and includes The Calms of Capricorn. Another play in this cycle features a poet based on Thoreau, Simon Harford, who becomes a business tycoon on the urging of his wife Sara; that play was the intended sequel to a completed play about Con Melody. Based on the Bible verse "What shall it profit a man if he shall gain the whole world and lose his own soul," this unfinished cycle of plays was burnt by its author in 1953. Including More Stately Mansions and A Touch of the Poet, for fifteen points, name this never-completed cycle of plays by Eugene O'Neill.;;(A) Tale of Possessors Self(-)Dispossessed
;;The first Leonese ruler of this name underwent a massive weight-loss program with the help of Hasdai ibn-Sharput, the Umayyad ruler Abd-ar-Rahman's personal physician, but still did not manage to defeat Ordono IV the Bad. A second king of this name of Castile was assassinated in Zamora after reuniting Leon and Castile after the battle of Golpejera. A fourth king of this name, the son of Queen Violante and Alfonso X, employed the Genoese admiral Benedetto Zaccaria, and betrayed the Granadan emir Muhammed II, with whom he had formed alliance against the Marinids. The most famous king of this name vassalized Ramon Berenguer, count of Barcelona, and took Leon from Vermudo III in 1034, thus gaining for himself Aragon, Castile, Leon, and his namesake kingdom. Known as Garces or "el Mayor" or "the Great," he was responsible for the apogee of  Navarre's rule. FTP, give this common name held by a certain "Panza" in Don Quixote.;;Sancho
;;This work argues that because humans gain an advantage from thinking "pleasing and encouraging" thoughts instead of truthful ones, natural selection might lead to "a fallacious tendency of thought." The author states that "the greatest intellectual benefactors of mankind have never dared, and dare not now, to utter the whole of their thought" because those who hold a tabooed belief are "treated with a cruelty less brutal but more refined than hunting you like a wolf." It argues that inquiry is motivated by the desire to eliminate the irritation caused by doubt, and explains the methods of tenacity, authority, and a priori reasoning, which lead to the title condition. It concludes that the scientific method, which produces objective certainty about the real world, is the best way to produce the title state. FTP, name this essay by Charles Sanders Peirce, the precursor to  "How to Make Our Ideas Clear.".;;(The) Fixation of Belief
;;Early in this novel, an Italian tenor compares life to an opera with a libretto by God and music by Satan. The protagonist debates with Manduca over the outcome of the Crimean War, and decides to write a History of the Suburbs. The title character struggles against his desire for his friend's wife Sancha, and watches a performance of Othello before telling his son Ezekiel that he is not his father. Despite entering a seminary, the title character decides not to become a padre, and he later accuses his wife Capitu of sleeping with his best friend Escobar. FTP, name this 1899 novel about the jealousy of Bentinho Santiago, a work by  Machado de Assis whose title roughly translates as "Lord Taciturn.".;;Dom Casmurro