;;In this country, placed named for people include the city of Doctor Pedro P. Pena and the department of Presidente Hayes. Capiata and San Lorenzo are two of its three largest cities. Its capital is where the Pilcomayo joins this country's (*) namesake river, which bisects the country north to south. Its southeastern border is formed by the Parana, separating it from Argentina and Brazil along with the Itaipu Reservoir. For 10 points, name this landlocked country whose capital is Asuncion.;;Paraguay
;;When commit-or-rollback semantics are present, the strong Abrahams guarantee for their safety is met. When they are detected sequentially, they can either be handled serially or a (*) double-fault can be invoked. Functions will not produce them under any circumstances in the no-throw guarantee. When they are continuable, the system can correct the condition through a handler subroutine and resume operation from their point of occurrence. For 10 points, name these error conditions that arise when a program executes.;;exceptions
;;One of this man's works expresses his belief that, in the future, there will be "a weekly festival made up of music and dance from every country." He was arrested when his partner Charlotte Moorman toplessly performed his Cello Sonata No. 1 for Adults Only, and he created The More the Better for the 1988 Summer (*) Olympics. For 10 points, name this artist of Global Groove and TV Buddha, whose 1963 "Exposition of Music/Electronic Television" was the first piece of video art.;;(Nam) (June) Paik
;;One depiction of this event claimed that its participants were enticed by "molasses and codfish." Lampooned in William Charles's cartoon "Leap or No Leap," it resolved that slaves should no longer be (*) counted in the census, and that no President should come from the same state as his predecessor. Defended in a series of letters by Harrison Gray Otis, many of its participants were members of the Essex Junto. For 10 points, name this 1814 meeting of Federalists opposed to the War of 1812.;;(the) Hartford Convention
;;In this work, a "toothless old man" saying "never mind the tulips" and the narrator fantasizes about "firing a huge load of Mace into the governor's box." Before rescuing an artist from the offended caricature victims, the narrator tells a man that Black Panthers and white supremacists will go to war. Written for (*) Scanlan's Monthly, it follows two journalists "swilling mint juleps" while covering the title event. For 10 points, name this Hunter S. Thompson article about a Louisville race.;;(The) Kentucky Derby is Decadent and Depraved
;;During Dewar isomerization, anthracene proceeds toward a nonradiative funnel by this type of folding motion. The Prilezhaev reaction proceeds through this type of mechanism. A two point Fast Fourier (*) Transform can be illustrated as one of these. The spatio-temporal mapping of the toroidal magnetic field component of the Sun can generate these types of diagrams for sunspots. For 10 points, aposematic coloration results in Mullerian mimicry between the monarch and viceroy type of what animals found in Lepidoptera?.;;butterfly (mechanism)
;;One poet from this country wrote "Schubertiana" in the volume Truth Barriers and the poem "Brief Pause in the Organ Recital." The novelist of The Emigrants was from here, as was the author of the Tobias trilogy who described a man that drives Angelica to suicide, (*) Piccolino. Another of its authors wrote of a man who wants to run off with his employer to Italy and kills a finch. For 10 points, name this homeland of the author of The Dwarf, Par Lagerkvist, and Miss Julie, August Strindberg.;;Sweden
;;This figure sent eight thunder gods in pursuit of another after being pursued herself by a hag. The eighth woman to be born, she once threatened to kill 1000 mortals every day after being viewed by torchlight on a (*) comb. She had spoken first in greeting to the other deities, causing her to birth the leech child Hiruko, and her birthing of two fire deities killed her and sent her to Yomi. User of Ame-no-nuhoko along with her brother, for 10 points, name this goddess and consort of Izanagi.;;Izanami
;;One side of this event was led by the triply-eponymous Arthur Garfield Hays, and it included a man proclaming "I do not think about things I do not think about." The former Undersecretary of State Dudley Malone squared off against his old (*) boss during this event, which was planned by George Rappalyea. H.L. Mencken reported on this consequence of violating the Butler Act. For 10 points, what was this 1925 case involving William Jennings Bryan and Clarence Darrow in Tennessee?.;;Scopes trial|monkey trial (etc)
;;The second section of this work discusses hungry ghosts with throats the size of pinholes which appear when light shines from Lokas. On the sixth day of that period, stupidity can lead to transformation into an animal by the Brute-Loka. One of the major examples of (*) Nyingma literature, this work's third section, the Sidpa Bardo, explains how its subjects will face a "mirror of karma" in the final stages of their journey. For 10 points, name this text compiled by Padma Sambhava, which is read by lamas over the deceased.;;(Tibetan) Book of the Dead|Bardo Thodol|Bardo Thodrol|Liberation Through Hearing (During) (the) (Intermediate) (State)
;;Along with Augustus John and George Bernard Shaw, this man was the subject of one of three lauded biographies by Michael Holroyd. He was The inspiration for Matthew Plunkett in for St. John Hirst in Woolf's The Voyage Out, his late works included Elizabeth and Essex and (*) Portraits in Miniature. His major volume analyzes Rugby headmaster Thomas Arnold, Florence Nightingale, Cardinal Manning, and Chinese Gordon. For 10 points, name this Bloomsbury Group author of Eminent Victorians.;;(Lytton) Strachey
;;A type of this phenomenon named after Johnson is frequency bandwidth dependent and occurs due to charge inhomogeneities created by thermal agitation of charge carriers. Its shot variety occurs when electrons cross junctions and its (*) flicker variety is ubiquitous and significant at low frequencies. Its frequency-independent form is referred to as white and it can be minimized by low-pass filters and modulation. For 10 points, name this extraneous information that decreases the accuracy and precision of a signal.;;noise
;;One member of this dynasty successfully acquired Delagoa Bay from Austria, and another wrote the Defense of Mondern Music. During the rule of this dynasty, the Treaty of Methuen was signed with England, and Jesuits were expelled by the (*) Marquis de Pombal after the Tavora Affair. The Battle of Montijo put this house on the throne, and they later paid a dowry of Tangier and Bombay to marry a female member to Charles II of England. For 10 points, name this house which ruled Portugal from 1640 to the 1910s.;;Braganza
;;A Texas Senator said that this policy would last until a hummingbird towed the Washington Monument to Mars. This policy was moderated by the Cullen-Harrison Act after George Wickersham led a commission to study it. Advocated by the (*) WCTU, Silas Swallow and Kansas governor John St. John were some Presidential nominees of this policy's namesake party. For 10 points, name this 1920 to 1933 period during which the Vollstead Act and Eighteenth Amendment applied to the U.S.;;(national) (alcohol) Prohibition
;;Linking these proteins with a calmodulin binding domain spacer creates an indicator for calcium ions. It is a companion protein to aequorin and can be employed as a fusion tag for protein detection. Its utility is the result of a modified (*) imidazolidin and antioxidants such as vitamin E derivatives can protect against photo-bleaching of this protein's chromophore. For 10 points, name this protein obtained from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria that posses an internal fluorophore, which emits light at a characteristic wavelength.;;green fluorescent protein|GFP
;;Members of this religion publish The Clarion from what was originally Thompson's Pond. It prescribes that homes should include two elders and two eldresses and at one settlement named hosues for the points on a compass. Its credo is "Beauty rests on utility," and leaders like Joseph Meachem and Lucy Wright established their practice of (*) celibacy. Its practitioners announce "turn, turn will be our delight" in their hymn "Simple Gifts". For 10 points, name this denomination founded by Mother Ann Lee.;;Shakers|(United) Society of Believers (in) (Christ's) (Second) (Appearing/Coming)
;;The presence of interhemispheric particle fluxes prevents the extension of the Pannekoek-Rosseland field to this region. The reflection of far-ultraviolet light off clouds of hydrogen within this region produces the (*) geocorona. Its lower limit is known as the critical level where hydrogen molecules have sufficient velocity to escape earth's gravitational field and it contains the Van Allen belts. For 10 points, name this region of the atmosphere that is above the thermosphere and contiguous with outer space.;;exosphere
;;One ruler by this name was plagued by invasions of Libyans, leading to the loss of several important artisans. Another ruler by this name had problems with Queen Tey and her son, who attempted a conspiracy. The last ruler by this name was also the last ruler of the New Kingdom (*), while the third fought against the Sea People. For ten points, identify this common name of eleven rulers of Egypt, the second of which won the Battle of Kadesh against the Hittites and was called "the Great.".;;Ramses
;;One central figure is compared to a gator, after which a minor character tells another to "gimme that shovel."  At its conclusion, one central figure retains a wooden splinter from a door that is shredded, and becomes the CEO of the title entity.  The central conflict centers on a (*) "scream extractor" that leads to Randall Boggs' kidnapping of Boo.  FTP, identify this work starring John Goodman and Billy Crystal as James Sullivan and Mike Wazowski, an animated film set in Monstropolis.;;Monsters(,) Inc(.)
;;For constant NVT simulations, the Widom test particle method can be used to calculate this value for a system. According to the Thomas-Fermi approximation, this value equals the sum of the local (*) Fermi energy and potential energy for a cloud of trapped fermions. It appears in the Euler equation for internal energy, and the Gibbs-Duhem equation relates the change in this quantity for components of a system. For 10 points, name this quantity that is equal for components in equilibrium and represents the molar Gibbs free energy, mu.;;chemical potential
;;The Banded Eye god from this people's mythology is sometimes given as an aspect of their Maize god. This civilization expanded as far from their capital as Chalcatzingo, and while many of their monuments were found at Tres Zapotes, this civilization sometimes created stelae. (*) A more nearby major city was this civilization's site at modern day San Lorenzo. For ten points, identify this Mesoamerican civilization with a capital at La Venta, who may be better known for constructing large stone heads.;;Olmec
;;This man's former second in command was named Imad Mugniyah and was recently assassinated. This man negotiated a prisoner trade with Israel in 2004. In an interview with Al-Manar, which this leader's organization owns (*), he denied an assassination attempt. Along with his predecessor, this leader led military campaigns that drove Israel out of southern Lebanon, and he took power after Abbas al-Musawi was assassinated. For ten points, identify this holocaust denier and current leader of Hezbollah.;;(Hassan) Nasrallah
;;An early work of this person attacks the idea that competition exists in industrial organization in discussing The Concept of Countervailing Power; it's entitled American Capitalism. A later work posits tension between "managerialism" and (*) socialism; that work corrects a previous work that argues against over-production of consumer goods and coined the term "conventional wisdom". For 10 points- name this economist, the author of The New Industrial State and The Affluent Society.;;(John) (Kenneth) Galbraith
;;Johann Joseph Wilhelm Lux developed an adaptation of this method which is sometimes used as a vaccine. Sucussing is an important step in treatment by this method, which was studied by Samuel Hahneman. The cures in this method are used against "miasms", (*) which underlie disease, rather than the disease itself, and they operate according to the "Law of Similars." For ten points, identify this pseudo-medicine in which substances that loosely correspond to body parts are used to treat disease.;;homeopathy
;;A goddess in armor with a spear chases several winged creatures away in his The Triumph of the Virtues. This man painted the Trivulzio Madonna and The Madonna of the Cherubim. (*) The title figure in one of this painter's works is tied to a column and pierced by many arrows while onlookers underneath his feet watch, while another of his works features the title character laying on his back on a marble slab wept over by Mary. For ten points, identify this artist of St. Sebastian and The Dead Christ.;;(Andrea) Mantegna
;;This organization created the Home Defender program to combat foreclosures by having people perpetrate sit-ins. Currently run by Maude Hurd, this organization was founded in 1970 by Gary Delgado and Wade Rathke. (*) Barack Obama served as legal counsel for this organization, which donated money to his Presidential campaign. For ten points, identify this organization which was accused by John McCain of committing electoral fraud by submitting invalid voter registrations.;;ACORN|Association (of) Community Organizations (for) Reform Now
;;One character inscribes a portrait with the dedication "To my chocolate-cream soldier," and the recipient of that portrait also receives an inheritance of Swiss hotels. One character refuses to carry cartridges, (*) instead preferring to carry chocolates, and the servant girl Louka is the object of his attentions, although most characters think she's engaged to Nicola. That character is Bluntschi. For ten points, identify this play about Raina and Sergius Petkoff, a work by George Bernard Shaw.;;Arms and the Man
;;Henry Every and Thomas Tew made this place their headquarters. Queen Rasoherina of this country prohibited markets on Sunday, and it was ruled by two women named Ranavalona in succesion. Paul Ramadier administered this nation on behalf of France (*). The Merina kingdom controlled most of this nation at one point, and that dynasty contained the rulers Radama I and Andrianampoinimerina. For ten points, identify this island nation off the coast of Africa, which is now ruled by the Malagasy republic.;;Madagascar
;;It can occur in crystals lacking a center of symmetry via the Pockels effect. Nicol and Wollaston prisms utilize this property through the application of (*) calcite. When an electric field is applied to an anisotropic transparent substance, it occurs through the Kerr effect and it arises in materials possessing two different indices of refraction. For 10 points, identify this optical phenomenon that divides unpolarized light into an ordinary and an extraordinary ray traveling in different directions.;;birefringence|double refraction
;;One section in this book is divided into articles entitled "The Oversteered Child" and "The Whip of the Word", and this book discusses watching The Lone Ranger in Winner Take All? (*) This book notes that people shifted from wanting to be esteemed to wanting to be loved, especially in modern tiems. For ten points, identify this book which divides people into inner, outer, and other directed types and was written by Reuel Denney, Nathan Glazer, and David Riesman.;;(The) Lonely Crowd
;;One section in this work discusses "the feeble fate of the Ottomans," while another section describes one character's anger with a eunuch. This work contrasts two hospitals, one for the blind and one for the war-wounded (*), and this work contains a section on the influence of climate that would appear in a later work by the same author. For ten points, identify this work which purports to describe the experiences of Uzbek and Rica while they travel through France, a work by the Baron de Montesquieu.;;(The) Persian Letters
;;The fornix passes through this structure before reaching the mammillary bodies. Damage to this structure can trigger diabetes (*) insipidus and the infundibulum connects this structure to the neurohypophysis. Its region located above the optic chiasm contains the suprachiasmatic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus, which secretes vasopressin and oxytocin. For 10 points, name this portion of the diencephalon that maintains homeostasis, circadian rhythms, and body temperature.;;hypothalamus
;;This artist likens an observer's effect on the soul to the effect of a straw on a drink in "Rosary", which like Evening and The White Flock, exhibits Kuzmin's "beautiful clarity". Eikhenbaum originated a description of this poet's persona later used by (*) Zhdanov, "harlot-nun." Her longest work is described as a photographic "double-exposure" of the pre- and post-World War I lives of the bohemia of St. Petersburg and is entitled Poem without a Hero. For 10 points- name this Acmeist poetess.;;(Anna) Akhmatova|(Anna) (Andreyevna) Gorenko
;;The losing side in this conflict was victorious at Catubig and Makahambus, although the other side won at Tirad Pass and Makote Bridge. Frederick Funston captured the victorious side's commander at Palanan. The Schurman commission was created to investigate one side in this conflict (*), which began with a shot fired on San Juan Bridge. For ten points, identify this conflicted between the United States under McKinley and another nation under Aguinaldo.;;Philippine(-)American (War)|Philippine Revolt(,) or Philippine Revolution
;;This man wrote the novels Phantom and Atlantis. This man adapted a Shakespearean drama into his own Hamlet in Wittenberg, while he also wrote Peter Brauer , Magnus Garbe , and Engelmann (*). One of this man's works decried the labor conditions of the titular Silesian workers, who continually have their wages slashed. A survivor of the firebombing of Dresden, for ten points, identify this dramatist awarded the Nobel Prize in 1912, a German who wrote The Weavers.;;(Gerhart) Hauptmann
;;This person served under Stilwell as deputy chief of staff for the CBI Theater during World War II. This opponent of MacArthurian escalation of the Korean War as secretary for Far Eastern Affairs outlined in his autobiography As I Saw It his blame of Israel for the USS Liberty bombing, support of diplomacy during the (*) Cuban Missile Crisis, and initial doubt and later staunch support for the Vietnam War in a later post. For 10 points- name this Lyndon Johnson/Kennedy Secretary of State.;;(David) (Dean) Rusk
;;Lines separated from their parent lines by large spectral distances are known as his spectral ghosts. His namesake clouds generate absorption lines in quasar emission spectra at large redshifts that are known as his alpha (*) forest. The Rydberg equation can be used to calculate his alpha transition and namesake limit. For 10 points, electron transitions involving the first principle quantum number result in the emission of what scientist's namesake ultraviolet spectral series for hydrogen?.;;(Theodore) Lyman
;;This collection contains the poems "Farewell to Barn and Stack and Tree" and "It nods and curtseys and recovers". One poem in this collection ends by saying "I cheer a dead man's sweetheart/never ask me whose." Another poem in this collection says that (*) "The heart of the bosom was never given" while another notes that one should "Train for ill and not for good." For ten points, identify this collection containing "When I was one and Twenty" and "Terence, this is Stupid Stuff," by A.E. Housman.;;(A) Shropshire Lad
;;Feodor Chialpin starred in three versions of the same movie starring this character, while the first movie to start this character was silent and directed by DeWolf Hopper. The band They Might be Giants took their name from one film based on this character (*), and both Orson Welles and Terry Gilliam tried unsuccessfully to create a film based on this character. For ten points, identify this character who was portrayed by Peter O'Toole in a movie featuring the songs "I am I" and "The Impossible Dream.".;;(Don) Quixote
;;One group founded against the wishes of it was routed thirty-two years later at Doffingen. The issuer gained lands by the fights of Stephen, Lewis the Roman, and Otto of Brandenburg, and in the same year as this document was signed, he received the homage of the Dauphin (*) at Metz. Issued by a member of the House of Luxemburg and giving power to ecclesiastical leaders in Cologne and Trier and secular leaders in the Palatinate and Brandenburg, For 10 points, name this document issued by Charles IV.;;Golden Bull (of) (1356)
;;This "tragedy of wit's" prologue sees the author "damn his laborious Trifle of a Play", which drew mostly from a history by Francois Bernier.  Dianet bears bad news to the title figure in it, while it centers on a love triangle involving the "captive queen", Indamora.  Zayra prophesizes that "Morat (*) must fall" if the title figure will rise over a kingdom bounded by "Indus and Ganges".  For 10 points, name this Restoration play by John Dryden set in India and named for the last great Mughal emperor.;;Aureng(-)Zebe(,)|(The) (Great) (Mogul)
;;The DSPSE project, better known by this name, traveled to the moon in 1994 as the first of the "faster, better, cheaper" space projects.  The Homilies and Recognitions are Greek and Latin versions of a genre of Christian romantic literature with this name, written by the successor of Anacletus.  A girl with this name is "lost and gone forever" and a daughter of a "miner forty (*) niner" in the folk song, "Oh My Darling, [This]".  For 10 points, give this name for a small mandarin orange.;;Clementine
;;American surfers have recently flocked to La Jolla Beach in this state, near its port city of Salina Cruz.  Inhabitants of this state celebrate the annual Guelaguetza festival, and other cities include Juchitan. Along with Guerroro (*) and Puebla, it was controlled by the Mixtec before Europeans arrived, and it's also home to Monte Alban, a Zapotec site in this state. Bordering Veracruz and Chiapas, for 10 points, name this Mexican state on the southern Pacific coast, birthplace of Benito Jaurez.;;Oaxaca
;;His underlings include Mr. Cushman, who recommends him a man who brags of sleeping with his office's cleaning woman.  A fan of "fancy mustard" sandwiches, he discovers an employee hiding under his desk during a bomb (*) threat.  He notes how his people kept saying "Ken Phelps, Ken Phelps", and later describes Babe Ruth as a "fat old man, with little-girl legs".  For 10 points, name this Seinfeld character who made George Costanza an Assistant to the Traveling Secretary for the Yankees.;;(George) Steinbrenner
;;This word was paired with "Act" in an essay collection including "Some Questions and Some Answers" and "Beating That Boy" by Ralph Ellison.  "When the moon was overhead", the Lady of Shalott states she is "half sick (*) of" these objects.  Another work titled for these objects comments on toilets, jade and Wabi-Sabi and contrasts Western culture with Japanese culture.  For 10 points, name these constructs praised in a work by Junichiro Tanizaki.;;Shadows
;;Nathan Willcox was besieged in the Angel Inn in Oxford in a precursor to this conflict, and heard chants for Ormond and Bolingbroke, two leaders of this conflict. The Disarming Act was enforced by Maj. Gen. Wade after this conflict. The rebels were forced to withdraw at Sheriffmuir (*) under the leadership of Erskine, Duke of Mar. After defeats at Sheriffmuir and Preston, the Old Pretender was forced to return to France. For 10 points, name this numerical Jacobite rebellion of the early 18th century.;;Fifteen Rebellion|(Jacobite) (Rebellion) (of) 1715
;;The losers here sent many prisoners to Susa, while the hoisting of a shield on Mount Pentelicus signaled the losers to attempt a follow-up attack near Plalerum.  The Takabara infantry of the losers were ineffective against the enemy's long spears, although they did kill Cynegeirus (*) here.  Datis may have met his end here, a battle started by the decision of Callimachus to not wait for the Spartans.  For 10 points, name this 480 BCE Greek victory for Miltiades over the Persians.;;(Battle) (of) Marathon
;;One band from this country included "Citizens of Tomorrow" on their EP A Lesson in Crime, Tokyo Police Club.  Calling Out is the latest release from this country's FemBots, who are signed its Paper Bag Records.  "Stars and Sons" comes from another native band, Broken (*) Social Scene, while one of the most famous indie bands from here put out Funeral and Neon Bible, Arcade Fire.  For 10 points, name this country home to Brian Adams, Rush and Celine Dion.;;Canada
;;This work opens with Tra voi, belle sung to flirt with a group of girls. The title character declares that she cannot love her patron in Affe, madamigella, and is arrested thanks to that man, Geronte. One man convinces a ship's captain to let him be exiled in Guardate, pazzo son!, but after fleeing into a wasteland outside (*) New Orleans, the title character dies in the arms of that man, her lover des Grieux. For 10 points, name this opera based on a novel by the Abbe Prevost, a work by Puccini.;;Manon Lescaut
;;A Brazilian River of this name was christened in honor of an adventurer who charted it in 1913.  His son shared this first name and received the National Security Medal for coordinating Operation Ajax. Another man with this first name appeared in David Halberstam's The Breaks of the Game and a book about his getting (*) punched by Rudy Tomjanovich.  In a 1979 movie, a character with this name crooned "The Rainbow Connection".  For 10 points, give this name of the love interest of Miss Piggy.;;Kermit
;;One character in it tells of being kidnapped by pirates on Lake Michigan, a story his wife, who ignores his affair with Mrs. Williams, pretends to believe. Chase Henry votes for prohibition after being banned from the saloons and is envied by Judge (*) Somers. Fiddler Jones admits that "I never started to plow in my life " but concludes that he has "not a single regret." Introduced by "The Hill", for 10 points, these stories appear in what collection of poems by Edgar Lee Masters?.;;(The) Spoon River Anthology
;;A year after its founding, it was publicly defended by its administrator Aneurin Bevan, while the randomness of its application via the "postcode lottery" led to the establishment of NICE.  First proposed in the Beveridge (*) Report, Anthony Wilson's and Bruce Hardy's fights with this agency over Sutent highlight the limits of its formulas, in which a year's life span is valued at approximately 30,000 pounds.  For 10 points, name this British public healthcare system.;;(The) National Health (Service)|NHS
;;His autobiography relates his life changing experience reading Samuelson's Foundations of Economic Analysis.  At Carnegie Mellon he worked with Edward Prescott on "Expectations and the Neutrality of Money", and he incorporated neoclassical ideas into his eponymous "Islands Model" of pricing. His namesake paradox (*) explains the lack of money flow from rich to poor countries.  For 10 points, name winner of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Economics, the formulator of Rational Expectations.;;(Robert) (Emerson) Lucas(,) (Jr(.))
;;The growth of these objects ceases in the Kutta condition. Hemholtz developed a series of theorems summarizing the properties of three dimensional ones. At low Mach numbers, they are the sole source of aeroacoustic (*) sound. A staggered row of these structures named after von Karman develop in the oscillating wake behind a cylinder when the Reynolds number exceeds 40. For 10 points, name these fluid regions that are not present in potential flow and are characterized by a high concentration of vorticity.;;vortices|vortex
;;"D" in Graham Greene's The Confidential Agent discovers a fictional Berne Manuscript of this work, while more canonical versions of this work see Jurfaleu getting his head chopped off.  The cook Besgun is tasked to hold the deceitful step father (*) of the title figure, while Bramimonde is eventually converted.  The title figure is betrothed, Aude, the brother of Oliver de Vienne in it.  For 10 points, name this French poem about a titular horn blowing paladin of Charlemagne.;;Song of Roland|(La) Chanson de Roland
;;Michael Thomas recently published a work about the "Reception" of this philosopher.  He addressed the "Poetics of Tobacco" and Madame de Maintenon in his "Counterfeit Money" volume of Given Time.  Also writing Echographies of Television, in his most famous work he tackles "The Chain of Supplements" (*) and posits "the concept of writing should define the field of a science".  The author of Specters of Marx, for 10 points, name this French deconstructionist who wrote Of Grammatology.;;(Jacques) Derrida
;;Along with the divisor function, it appears in the denominator of the summation used to determine Silverman's constant. The statement that all integers occur as multiplicities of its variance function is the basis of Sierpinki's (*) conjecture. Carmicheal's conjecture states that it is possible to have two integer inputs that yield the same output from this function. It can be used to generalize Fermat's little theorem. For 10 points, name this function that gives the number of positive integers that are relatively prime to given number.;;(Euler) totient (function)
;;One holder of this post set up a radio station in his Al Zahour palace that drew ire from Maurice Patterson.  The final man to hold it received an education in exile at the Harrow School following a power grab by Rashid (*) Ali al-Gaylani.  The first man to hold it lost in another country at the Battle of Maysalun and signed an agreement with Chaim Weizmann.  For 10 points, name this position occupied by three Hashemite rulers, most recently held by Faisal II.;;King (of) Iraq
;;The "Bridge of the Woman" can be found in a district of this city, home to garish houses on Caminito Street and the Monserrat District.  The suburb of Quilmes lies south of the Riachuelo River from this city, which was joined in independence by other cities in its country by the Congress of Tucuman (*) after its May Revolution in 1808.  Also home to La Boca, the Plaza de Mayo, and a military coup by Jorge Rafael Videla, for 10 points, name this capital city on the Rio de la Plata, home to portenos.;;Buenos Aires
;;This enzyme's alpha form can catalyze the hydration of aldehydes to gem-diols. In parietal cells it aids in introducing H+ to the lumen, while it plays the opposite role in pancreatic duct cells. Its catalytic site contains three histadine (*) residues which coordinate a central zinc bound water molecule for nucleophilic attack on a carbon dioxide molecule in the substrate binding domain. For 10 points, name this enzyme found within red blood cells, which catalyzes the inter-conversion between carbon dioxide and carbonic acid.;;carbonic anhydrase
;;Awarded a Gold Medal by Charles X, it was accepted by the Royal Academy in the same year the artist's Willows by a Stream was rejected. A brown and white dog looks back in the foreground, while four men in white are harvesting in the distant background. The most famous in a series including White Horse (*) and Corn Field--its artist's six footers--it depicts a structure owned by Willy Lott in Flatford Mill. For 10 points, name this 1821 painting by John Constable about the titular horse-drawn cart.;;(The) Hay Wain|(Landscape(:)) Noon
;;This figure made public the information that Midas had donkey ears after he was the sole individual to rule in favor of that king in a musical contest with Apollo. After his "great high house" was usurped by Neleus, he spent a year as a bondsman with (*) Phylacus, trying to woo Pero. In the best known story associated with this figure, he gained a third of the Kingdom of Argos after he cured the impotence of Prince Iphiclus. For 10 points, name this Greek seer that could talk to animals.;;Melampous
;;This ruler's minister Mir Jumla asked this figure's son to intervene in the dispute with the Kutab  Shahi kingdom of Gol-konda, and that son eventually had Dara Sheko executed. This figure dismantled the Ahmadnagar (*) Empire by defeating the Marathan noble Shahji Bhonsle, built the Jami Masjid as well as a palace along the Yamuna River, known as the Red Fort. For 10 points - the son of Jahangir and the father of Aurangzeb, name this Mughal who erected a famous temple for his wife Mumtaz.;;(Muhammad) Shah Jahan (I)
;;This research assistant for John Ely's work Democracy and Distrust once referred to Crazy Eddie Antar as the "Darth Vader of Capitalism." Lead prosecutor in the case against Arthur Andersen, which led to the (*) Enron scandal, this man accepted the nomination to his highest post after Bernard Kerik was forced to withdraw. In 2001 he along with Viet Dinh were the chief architects of the Patriot Act. For 10 points - name the former Secretary of Homeland Security succeeded by Janet Napolitano.;;(Michael) Chertoff
;;In "Desire and its Interpretation" Lacan comments on this essay and says that the phrase "inexpressibly horrible" refers to a figure's opaque sexual desire. It asks if the author of this work's subject read An Apology for Raymond Sebond , and it claims that the emotions of the (*) titular figure are in "excess of the facts." Introducing the concept of the "objective correlative" it claims Coriolanus is an "artistic success." For 10 points - name this essay from T.S. Eliot's The Sacred Wood that deals with a certain prince of Denmark.;;Hamlet And His Problems
;;He claims that a juvenilization of subjectivity would correspond to an entheogenic preview of de- conditioned consciousness and offered an Eight-circuit model of consciousness which was dubbed "Exo-psychology." He supervised Walter Pahnke's Marsh Chapel Experiment and he along with Metzner and Alpert co-wrote The Psychedelic Experience.  For 10 points - name this figure a proponent of LSD who advised others to "Turn on, tune in, drop out.".;;(Timothy) Leary
;;This person focused on the residents of Westgate and described the spatial ecology of group formation in Social Pressures in Informal Groups. The Proxy and Triadic models are developments of this man's foundational research in Social Comparison Theory. He analyzes the activities of a group led by (*) Marion Keech, in a work co-written with Henry Riecken and Stanley Schachter, When Prophecy Fails. For 10 points - name this psychologist known for his theory of cognitive dissonance.;;(Leon) Festinger
;;A sequel to this work notes the "inconceivable rottenness" found in the Lexow report, A Ten Years'  War. Its epigraph is taken from J.R. Lowell's poem "A Parable." and Sun Office, 3 am is one illustration. It suggests that the "cutter's long knife" has cut wages the deepest in the section, (*) "The Sweaters of Jewtown." It notes the presence of the "Swamp Angels" in Gotham Court, which is cited as an example of the title condition. For 10 points - name this study of New York Tenements by Jacob Riis.;;How the Other Half Lives
;;The Korsun-Novomirgorod one forms a constituent region of the Kirovograd platform massif. The Degana granite is a type-A anorogenic granite of this origin. They are the cause of the Kirovograd and Priazov (*) transcrustal geophysical anomalies and they are thought to arise from the D double prime layer. Morgan proposed that eruptions originating from these regions produce hot spots. For 10 points, name these columns of hot, buoyant material that originate from the core boundary and pass through the namesake structure.;;mantle plumes
;;Negotiations were begun against Carondelet's objections and surveyors at Natchez defined one element of this treaty. Article IX proved to be crucial in settling the Amistad case and this agreement was negotiated with Don Manuel de Godoy. It granted right of deposit at (*)New Orleans, navigation rights on the Mississippi, and set the southern boundary with Spain along the 31st parallel. For 10 points - give this eponymous 1796 agreement named after the then U.S. Ambassador to Britain also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo.;;Pinckney's (Treaty)
;;The Sultanate of Damagaram founded the second largest city in this country and The Erg of Bilma located in this country lies east of the Air Mountains. Zinder, was the site of WWI uprising of Touareg peoples against French colonialist forces. The (*) Grandee Mosque with its 171-step minaret lies in the east of its capital city which sits on its namesake river that drains into the Bight of Benin. For 10 points, name this nation bordered by Chad to the east and Algeria to the north with capital at Niamey.;;Niger
;;Like Kant, he divided duties into absolute and conditional types, and after the Danes besieged Lund, was called back by Charles XI to be a privy councilor. Jailed after writing The Elements of Jurisprudence, he earned a university appointment and penned The Law of War and Peace and (*) On the Law of Nature and Nations. For 10 points - name this 17th century German philosopher and international legal scholar known for his commentaries on Grotius and Hobbes and author of On the Duty of Man and Citizen.;;(Samuel) (von) Pufendorf
;;He was a member of a folk band featured in the film Bound to Lose, the Holy Modal Rounders. A monologue about fish sex is collected in Hawk Moon, and he co-wrote Zabriskie Point with Antonioni. He played law school professor Thomas Callahan in The (*)Pelican Brief. In one work of his Tilden went mad after an act of incest with Halie, forcing Dodge to dispose of the title figure. For 10 points - name this man who wrote the Pulitzer-Prize winning Buried Child and played Chuck Yeager in The Right Stuff.;;(Sam) Shepard
;;One person of this first and last name composed the hip-hopera Fresh Faust and worked with the Negro Symphony Orchestra. Another figure of this name was discussed as an example of the self-reflexivity in Convergence Culture by an MIT professor in response to a Toyota commercial. Depicted with a white heart on his chest and a (*) chicken leg, he first appeared in the Laughing Skull realm as a part of the "PALS for LIFE" guild. For 10 points - name this creation of Ben Schultz, an Internet meme from the World of Warcraft.;;Leeroy Jenkins
;;Elias Clayton and two other circus workers were lynched here in 1920, and an 1871 speech titled the "Untold Delights" of this city was given by Kentucky Rep. Knott. The newspaper Paivalehti was published by its large Finnish population. One structure here, sits near the mouth of the St. Louis River, the Aerial Lift Bridge. Known as "The Air Conditioned City," it is home to the Tweed Museum of and is the northern terminus of I-35. For 10 points -name this Minnesota city on the shore of Lake Superior.;;Duluth(,) (MN)
;;One of them is represented with water-filled terracota pots and is the patron of hunters and gay people. Two of them became rivers after their rivalry led to one feeding a third one an ear. In addition to Oshan, another was born of the ferryman (*) Aganju and was known as Shango. A machete wielding one personified politics and fire and was known as Ogun, and all of them were the children of Awamaridi or Olorun. For 10 points, name these spirits in Yoruban myth.;;orishas
;;This event is likened to sexual partners, whose names only appear on Minitel Rose. During it the US Defense Mapping Agency worked like the cartographers of a Borges short story. The use of AGM-130s and GBU-10s gave it a surgical nature, and thus it was like in vitro fertilization and destruction according to an article for Liberation. This event culminated in the (*) "turkey shoot" on the road to Basra. For 10 points - name this event which Jean Baudrillard claims "did not take place," also known as operation Desert Storm.;;(First) Gulf War
;;Inversion in Multi Pinned Phase devices suppresses this phenomenon. Pixels that display it to a high degree are known as hot spikes. It is correlated with the thermal generation of electron-hole pairs and the collection of valence band electrons within the potential well of a (*) pixel. It can arise when high cytoplamsic cyclic GMP concentrations maintain cGMP-gated sodium ion channels in an open state within photoreceptors. For 10 points, name this phenomenon observed in charge-coupled devices in which a current is observed in the absence of light.;;dark (current)
;;The title character of this work wants to have Maria Callas as a girlfriend to eat a "Compote of Apples." A couple who lived in the title hotel owned a cat named 208, and in another section a character is able to make his own reality without sugar in "The Kool-Aid Wino." Written by the author of (*) In Watermelon Sugar, in the section "Knock On Wood" Pittsburgh is described as the Carnegie of the titular fish. For 10 points - name this abstract work, a novella by Richard Brautigan.;;Trout Fishing in America
;;The reversible derivatization of these compounds and separation of their functionalized intermediates is the Bingel-retro strategy. Their crystals can undergo exohedral (*) alkali-metal doping and when they enclose metal atoms they are endohedral. They can form from laser vaporization of graphite rods and often consist of pentagons and hexagons forming cages and planar sheets such as graphene. For 10 points, name this family of carbon allotropes that include nanotubes and buckyballs.;;buckminsterfullerene
;;At a gathering of this group, President Frondizi's reservations were given to the US via Story Morrison. This body's current Assistant Secretary General is Ambassador Ramdin, and this organization's charter was lasted amended to create the CIDI by the Protocol of Managua. This group's creation was originally suggested at the 1826 Congress of (*) Panama by Simon Bolivar. For 10 points - name this regional body of nations with member countries such as Mexico, Canada, and Bolivia but not Cuba.;;Organization (of) American States
;;In one work by this author, the chairman of the I.P.H. is declared "out of hand," but delivers the speech anyways. This author was accused of plagiarizing that speech "The Bishop's Vision" from a Frank Norris essay. He wrote an account of the plight of the (*) Whitechapel District titled, The People of the Abyss. He described his sailing adventures in The Cruise of the Snark and his alcoholic memoirs in John Barleycorn. For 10 points - name this American author of The Iron Heel and White Fang.;;(Jack) London
;;Net momentum in not conserved in Umklapp processes in which these entities are annihilated. Their dispersion and relaxation times are given by the Boltzmann transport equation and their N processes are characterized by wavevectors located inside the first (*) Brillouin zone. They eliminate collisions and scattering by mediating electron interactions in superconductors and their dispersion curves in ionic solids consist of optical and acoustic branches. For 10 points, name this quantum of vibrational mechanical energy in a crystal lattice.;;phonons
;;A companion piece to this depicts a chieftain, having already slain his wife, plunging a sword into himself. A Roman version of this work, said to have been in the possession of Sallust, is now housed at the Palazzo Nuovo of the Capitoline (*) Museum. Discovered during the excavations of the Villa Ludovisi, the original was lost and is thought to have been commissioned by Attolos I of Pergamum. The title figure is mustachioed with a knotted collar. For 10 points - name this statue which depicts a fatally  injured Celtic warrior.;;Dying Gaul
;;Gleason proposed an individualistic concept of this process, which focused on abiotic and biotic heterogeneity. Fredric Clement's theory introduced an equilibrium stage (*) in which foreign species can no longer compete with established species. Its autogenic form involves alteration of the environment by the community and its primary form begins with colonization. For 10 points, name this ecological process in which an embryonic community undergoes a directional change in its plant species that ends with the establishment of a climax community.;;(ecological) succession
;;The title behavior of one of this group's songs is predicated on "Open[ing] the glove box Reach[ing] inside" and happens as "getting cut off makes [the singer] insane." After the release of "Bad Habit", a bidding war saw this group leave Epitaph for Colombia, then release the disappointing (*) Ixnay on the Hombre. "Noodles" Wasserman plays guitar for this group fronted by Dexter Holland. For 10 points- name this punk band whose hits include "Come Out and Play" and "Pretty Fly (for a White Guy)".;;(The) Offspring
;;This incident led to the doctrine that the "republican form of government" clause of the Constitution is non-justiciable. One side of this conflict supported the Freemen's Constitution. This conflict ended when its namesake was caught in a house in (*) Woonsocket. John Tyler sent observers to monitor this conflict. This conflict's namesake was elected the Governor of his state alongside Samuel Ward King. For ten points- identify this conflict fought over the electoral system in Rhode Island.;;Dorr's (Rebellion)
;;This author of The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics coined the term "nuclear peace." One of his works split its subject into three images, including nation-state and international system; (*) another work coined a term referring to weak nations joining up with strong nations. For 10 points- identify this Columbia International Relations theorist who wrote Man, the State, and War and used the term "bandwagoning" in his work Theory of International Politics.;;(Kenneth) (Neal) Waltz
;;This person's break with Dubroeucq can be seen in the Borgo San Jacopo Bacchus. This artist of the Santa Maria Novella obelisks created an equestrian bronze of his patron's father for Florence's Piazza della Signoria after the Michelangelesque Fountain of Neptune made his reputation in (*) another town. Francesco de' Medici funded a Bargello fountain holding a bronze by this master depicting Mercury standing on his left toes and pointing up. For 10 points- name this Italo-Dutch Mannerist sculptor.;;Giambologna|Giovanni (da) (Bologna)|Jean (Boulogne)
;;The protagonist of this work leverages an interest in the works of Parker Tyler to attend parties, such as one where she passes out after mixing gin and weed and another in which a "rude intrusion" is perpetrated by one of the Four Skins. It climaxes with a scene involving Rusty Godowski, (*) a student in the title character's Empathy and Posture classes, being anally raped with strap-on. For 10 points- name this novel with a sexually reassigned title character, a work of Gore Vidal.;;Myra Breckinridge
;;The group overthrown to begin this era was had a slogan noting the colors of heaven and hell. It was driven by the team of thunder, including Claude Wagner, which gained power after the deaths of Duplessis and Sauve. The election of (*) Jean Lesage led to this period, which saw nationalization of hydroelectricity and secularization of education and brought prominence to Rene Levesque's party. For 10 points- name this circa 1960 upheaval in which a number of reforms were enacted in Quebec.;;(the) Quiet Revolution|Revolution tranquille
;;Immune mediated forms of this disease can be diagnosed by the Coombs test. A form of this disease named after Cooley arises from genetic abnormalities. The presence of (*) anti-intrinsic factor antibodies leads todeficiencies in cobalamin, triggering its megaloblastic form. Lead poisoning can lead to its microcytic form and it can arise due to thalassemia or iron deficiency. For 10 points, name this disease that is characterized by deficiency in hemoglobin or decreased red blood cell volume and comes in a sickle cell form.;;anemia
;;One work of this person notes two different types of meaninglessness: those of plastic symbols and linguistic signs. Another claims that desire escapes systematizing rational thought, citing May '68. This author of Discourse/Figure and The Libidinal Economy posed petits recits as replacements for abstract explanations of history, or (*) meta-narratives, which have lost currency in the titular state of his best-known work. For 10 points- name this author of The Postmodern Condition.;;(Jean(-)Francois) Lyotard
;;This author of "Waiting for J" and "Getting Poisoned" discussed pianist Ryder and painter Masuji Ono in (*) The Artist of the Floating World and The Unconsoled. A further work sees Karen take care of Ruth and Tommy, clones bred for their organs. Still another sees a character who works on his "bantering skills" and is devoted to his now-deceased master, that being a butler named Stevens. For ten points- identify this British novelist who wrote Never Let Me Go and The Remains of the Day.;;(Kazuo) Ishiguro
;;The hydroxide of the element exists in five polymorphs of which the distorted beta-cristobalite lattice is the most stable. It acts as a Lewis acid in hydrolysis process involving carboxypeptidase and alcohol dehydrogenase. Its principle ores are calamine, (*) sphalerite, and smithsonite and it occurs in the iron sulfide mineral wurtzite. This element possesses a completely filled d orbital and its only oxidation state is plus 2. For 10 points, name this element that is used in the galvanization of steel and exists in an alloy with copper that results in brass.;;zinc|Zn
;;One leader of this group was expelled after its army was disbanded with the 1955 assassination of Th?. This group's godhead is symbolized by a left eye on a sphere and its theology posits three periods, each of which sees teaching by Buddhas, then Sages, then (*) Saints. Founded after a 1919 seance, this religion is headed from Tay Ninh by a Giao Hoang or Pope and some of its sects venerate Pericles, Victor Hugo, and Sun Yat-sen. For 10 points- name this syncretic religion of Vietnam.;;Cao Daism
;;A late work of this person is based on a Bill White broadcast from the Finnish front of the Winter War; an early one adapts a Ring Lardner work in which Joe Roberts throw his steward off the titular ship for spilling tea. In addition to The Love Nest and (*) There Shall Be No Night, this writer created a work in which life insurance causes hitchhiker Alan Squier beg Duke Mantee to shoot him. For 10 points- name this author of Idiot's Delight, Abe Lincoln in Illinois, and The Petrified Forest.;;(Robert) (Emmet) Sherwood
;;This person's late career saw staging of two bureaucratic satires, The Bathhouse and The Bedbug, and publication of the travelogue My Discovery of America. This writer's earlier works "The Backbone Flute" and "Cloud in Trousers" reflect the aggressive style of (*) "A Slap in the Face of Public Taste", to which manifesto he contributed. Love is the theme of this poet's "About This" and "I Love". For 10 points- name this author of a lengthy elegy to Lenin, a Futurist poet of the Russian Revolution.;;(Vladimir) (Vladimirovich) Mayakovsky
;;Solid oxide devices of this type utilize materials such as zirconia treated with yttria and nickel ceramics. Solid polymer ones employ ion-conducting membranes such as Nafion. In another of type of this device, molten potassium lithium carbonate reacts with (*) hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Those contain alkali solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide, they can convert hydrogen and oxygen to water. For 10 points, name these devices that use electrochemical reactions in electrolytes to convert the chemical energy into electricity.;;fuel cell
;;This Hebrew word denotes symbols such as a U in a circle, the seals of kosher certification organizations. A man of this name had one son who led the conservative Moderate Party, and a grandson who ranked highly in the Social Democratic Party. This man worked with another politican, the Liberal Party leader, to develop a theory, contradicted by the Leontief paradox, about whether a country exports capital- or labor- intensive goods. For 10 points, name this collaborator with Bertil Ohlin.;;hechsher|(Eli) Heckscher
;;The names of a trio of officials in this work are probably a nod to Crime and Punishment, as the keeper, counselor, and director at the facility where it is set are Rodion, Roman, and Rodig. The focus of this work is the protagonist's opaqueness of soul, which led to a (*) conviction for gnostical terpitude. Following the titular event, the world falls away, allowing Cincinnatus C. to join "reality". For 10 points- name this work in which a prisoner is to be executed, a novel by Vladimir Nabokov.;;Invitation to a Beheading|Priglasheniye na kazn'
;;Brent's method can be used to minimize their average search time. Inequalities in the search costs of individual elements can be reduced using the Robin Hood arrangement. A dynamic insertion algorithm for these structures is the cuckoo method. Quadratic probing can be used to (*) open address these structures. They can be modified by buckets to prevent collisions. For 10 points, name this array based data structure in which data elements are stored by data specific keys that are mapped using the namesake function.;;hash (table)
;;The forerunner of this movement was founded in response to the Skuptina murders, though its leader was exiled by the October Decree of Alexander I, whose assassin this group aided. The Domobrani was the regular army of this operator of the Jasenovac Concentration Camp. Its Decree of Thirds led to Partisan reprisals since it caused the murder of perhaps half a million (*) Orthodox Serbs; those reprisals caused the flight of its leader, Ante Pavelic. For 10 points- name this Croat fascist movement.;;(the) Ustaa|Ustae
;;This figure was born after his mother was put to sleep with a wand during daytime, and his half-brother is the musician Philammon. Father of Aesimus, he had a figure placed on his knee by Euryclea, who he named "the child of (*) anger." That child later sustained a boar hunt wound while with this man, and received an invisibility helmet that this man took. Wrestling tutor of Heracles, this man once stole the cattle of Sisyphus. For 10 points, name this kleptomaniac grandfather of Odysseus.;;Autolycus
;;This phenomenon occurs above the Blake threshold. Structures that generate this phenomenon are governed by the Rayleigh-Plesset equation. It is typically observed in implosions exceeding Mach 4 and is preceded by (*) cavitation. Its appearance is associated with the action of primary Bjerknes forces on bubbles of smaller than resonance size and it is typically detected using a photomultiplier tube. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which high frequency sound waves cause the implosion of gas bubbles in liquids and trigger the emission of light.;;sonoluminescence
;;Its northeast is the home to Bloody Bay River and Man of War Bay, and the Buccoo Coral Reef is on its coast. A mile north of this island is its "little" version or (*) Bird of Paradise Island. Its major city, the seat of St. Andrew parish, sits on Rockly Bay and is named Scarborough. Since 1987, it has had internal autonomy from its larger counterpart to the southwest, which governs from Port of Spain. For 10 points, name this Carribean island, part of a namesake country with Trinidad.;;Tobago
;;He wrote of "An Unusual Young Man" in his Letters from America. His affair with Taatamata was remembered in his "Tiare Tahiti." While living in Germany with Ka Cox, he asked "is there honey still for tea" in "The (*) Old Vicarage, Grantchester." He later described a body "washed by the rivers, blest by the suns of home." For 10 points, name this poet who instructs "If I should die, think only this of me/That there's some corner of a foreign field/That is for ever England" in "The Soldier.".;;(Rupert) Brooke
;;With Gosper he names a curve that is bounded by the Gosper island. His namesake space-filling curve is self-contracting and all two-dimension (*) space-filling curves are generically known as his curves. With Dedekind, he postulated that all numbers besides zero are the successors of other numbers and he developed a theory of nonnegative integers that included his induction axiom. For 10 points, name this mathematician whose axioms form the basis of a number theory known as this namesake arithmetic.;;(Giuseppe) Peano
;;This thinker distinguished "ultimate" from "penultimate" in the section "The Last Things and the Things Before the Last" of his work on ethics. He claimed that Christianity is both greater than and dependent upon secular philosophy in his Act and Being, and lambasted "cheap grace" in The (*) Cost of Discipleship. Letters and Papers from Prison reflect the consequences of his role in the Confessing Church and the July Plot. For 10 points, name this German theologian who was executed by the Nazis.;;(Dietrich) Bonhoeffer
;;His later years saw him finance construction projects in the Bahamas and open golf courses and a meat-packing plant to generate clean revenue. He helped organize a group led by Louis Buchalter and Albert Anastasia that became (*) "Murder, Inc," but he later turned on his partner, arranging the 1947 Las Vegas execution of Bugsy Siegel. His relationship with Fulgencio Batista allowed him twenty years of gambling profits in Cuba. For 10 points, name this accomplished Jewish gangster.;;(Meyer) Lansky|(Maier) Suchowljansky
;;The author of this play was inspired to write it by a sailor known as "The Little Horse." Shortly after a man who is "the grandson of the village idiot" and has "the face of a clown" is introduced, the main character learns that the driver of a (*) banana truck, whose ashes sit in an urn on stage, was an unfaithful drug smuggler. For 10 points, name this play in which Serafina falls in love with Alvaro because he has the same mark on his chest as her late husband, a work by Tennessee Williams.;;(The) Rose Tattoo
;;It explains that its subject will compete in a "shrill and savage way" for "moral domination" and that the lack of countries in the Axis is why a certain philosophy is "simply not true." This text was written to explain the lack of participation in the (*) World Bank and IMF as part of a foreign policy strategy, and it was expanded the following year into the X Article. For 10 points, name this communique by George Kennan about the motivations of the Soviet union.;;(the) Long Telegram
;;This figure's corpse was stolen by the scientist Nycolai Kinesworthy, who used it  to construct N-K Necrosis. While fighting in the Huk War to defend Kalee, this figure's ship Martyr was bombed by San Hill. Ki-Adi-Mundi and Shaak Ti (*) survived his emergence at the Battle of Hypori; later, surrounded by his MagnaGuards, he commanded the Invisible Hand in the attack on Coruscant. He was killed on Utapau by a shot to the heart from Obi-Wan Kenobi. For 10 points, name this four-armed cyborg.;;(General) Grievous|Qymaen jai Sheelal
;;Lawrence Wrightsman wrote a book on the "psychology" of this group. The Segal-Cover scores rank the ideology and competence of its members. Herbert Garfinkel analyzed this institution's use of Mamie Clark and Kenneth (*) Bancroft's psychological studies. In 1905, Josephine Goldmark helped mine health data on female laundry workers for the "Brandeis brief" presented to it. For 10 points, name this organ that makes decisions such as Airport Commissioners v. Jews for Jesus.;;(the) Supreme Court (of) (the) (United) (States)
;;This man extended feudal norms of recompense based on status to create the "satisfaction theory" of divine redemption. His rationalism can be seen in his early Monologium, and he expanded his ideas in the (*) Proslogium. His major work was challenged by the Book on Behalf of the Fool by Guanilo of Marmoutier, who disputed the logic of this man's idea that a perfect being would be imperfect if it did not exist. For 10 points, name this founder of Scholasticism and formulator of the ontological argument.;;(St(.)) Anselm (of) (Canterbury)
;;In his first season as a college starter, this man passed to Early Doucet to complete a 35-31 comeback win over Arizona State. Teammates Dwayne Bowe, Craig Davis, and LaRon Landry also went in the first round of the draft where this player was taken (*) first overall. He missed one start due to injury in 2008, yielding to backup Andrew Walter against the Panthers. For 10 points, name this LSU product who plays for the Raiders.;;(JaMarcus) Russell
;;The thermal form of this effect can occur in cluster radio halo sources due to the presence of highly relativistic electrons and in the non-relativistic limit it can be described by the Kompaneets equation. It is redshift-independent and occurs through the Thomson (*) scattering of photons as they interact with thermal electrons in galaxy clusters and other reservoirs of plasma. For 10 points, name this astronomical effect that results in an alteration of the apparent brightness of the CMBR.;;Sunyaev(-)Zeldovich (effect)
;;Alpha-aminoadipate produced during lysine biosynthesis in some species of these organisms can be used to produce cephalosporin. Fusion of structures possessed by these organisms is known as (*) anastomosis. Doliporus covered by a parenthosome are characteristic of septa in the basidiomycetes variety and asci are spore bearing cells characteristic of the ascomycete variety. For 10 points, name this kingdom consisting of members that possess chitinous cell walls and grow using filaments called hyphae, which compose their mycelia.;;fungi|fungus
;;A watermill in Wickham was built from the wood of this ship, which was notably crewed by Jenkin Ratford, David Martin, John Strachan, and William Ware at one point. This ship flew a flag with the phrase "Free Trade and Sailors Rights" when it was attacked by Philip (*) Broke, leading James Lawrence to order "don't give up the ship." Earlier, under the command of James Barron, it saw those four men impressed by the Leopard. For 10 points, name this ship that also encountered the Shannon.;;(U(.)S(.)S) Chesapeake
;;The composer excerpted parts of this work into the more easily performed Three Grand Hymns with Solo and Chorus Voices and added innovations to it not seen in his similar work in C major. The Benedictus of this piece was criticized for incorporating a (*) violin concerto, while the Dona nobis pacem uses a sonata rondo and includes a "war interruption." Composed for the installation as Archbishop of Olmutz of Rudolf of Bavaria, for 10 points, name this mass by Beethoven.;;Missa Solemnis
;;The city that was this state's largest until the 1980s involves such suburbs as Bar Nunn and Mills, while the center of this state contains Ten Sleep and Thermopolis. It contains the ten-thousand-square mile Sweetwater County, and a third of the U.S.'s uranium reserves. Tourism in this state centers on (*) Big Horn Canyon, Fort Laramie, and Devil's Tower; it also contains the majority of Yellowstone. For 10 points, name this sparsely populated state, home to Casper, Jackson Hole, and Cheyenne.;;Wyoming
;;Anulka and Jacek fall in love during the second siege of Vienna in this author's On the Field of Glory. The virtuous Cossack Hmelnitski is defeated by Prince Yeremi after saving the life of Pan Yan in one of this author's novels. In another novel, the writer of the Troyad sets (*) Rome on fire to provide better imagery, Pomponia converts Lygia to Christianity, and Petronius kills himself. For 10 points, name this Polish author of With Fire and Sword and Quo Vadis?.;;(Henryk) Sienkiewicz
;;In one of these reactions, named after Bouveault and Blanc, the lack of a proton donor results in acyloin condensation. Borane and a chiral oxazaborolidine catalyst are used in a reaction of this type for ketones. One of these reactions produces substituted 1,4-cyclohexadienes and is named for (*) Birch while another converts hydrazine to a hydrazone. For 10 points, name this type of reaction which can convert aldehydes and ketones to alkanes, example of which include ones named for Wolff-Kishner and Clemmensen.;;reductions
;;This man ended guild taxation and road-tolls. He razed the main Tendai temple to diminish monastic influence. A descendant of the Fujiwaras, he first established a base of power in Owari, and struck beyond those borders by defeating Imagawa Yoshimoto using the new (*) muskets. He then built his greatest castle at Azuchi and deposed the last Ashikaga shogun before killing himself in the Honnoji incident during Mitsuhide's treachery. For 10 points, name this first Great Unifier, preceding Hideyoshi.;;Oda (Nobunaga)
;;The author of this story wrote an essay on it, which compares the climax to a "mustard-seed" and predicts that a "great crow-filled tree" will be formed in one character's heart. One character in this story remarks that Jesus "thrown everything off balance." Another  blames Europe as a whole for "the way things were now" and expresses admiration for (*) barbecue owner Red Sammy, before the cat Pitty Sing frightens a driver into crashing. For 10 points, name this story which ends with the renunciation of "meanness" and shooting of the grandmother by The Misfit, written by Flannery O'Connor.;;(A) Good Man is Hard to Find
;;Prior to this dynasty's victory at the Battle of Desio, Urban IV appointed one of their early members as archbishop as part of an alliance against the Della Torres. John XXII, however, used an interdict and crusade to try to dislodge this family. They divided their lands in half between the Galeazzo brothers, and in (*) 1447 their doom was sealed when their last ruler, Filippo Maria, gave emergency powers to his son-in-law Francesco Sforza. For 10 points, name these high medieval rulers of Milan.;;Visconti
;;This technique cleverly avoids violation of the Kraft inequality and employs an algorithm composed of stages in which the two lowest weight packages are combined and selector bits are prefixed. It utilizes a bottom-up mechanism, unlike the top-down (*) Shannon-Fano technique. It terminates at the point in which a prefix-free state is impossible and it assigns a zero bit codeword to every symbol. For 10 points, name this process that achieves lossless data compression through a minimum-redundancy entropy coding algorithm.;;Huffman (coding)
;;Its creation and annihilation operators can be replaced by their expectation values according to the Bogoliubov approximation. The Thomas-Fermi approximation ignores the kinetic energy operator in the (*) Gross-Pitaevskii equation, which describes its zero-temperature properties. It involves the formation of a shared low energy quantum state of integer spin particles and was first observed in gaseous rubidium atoms. For 10 points, name this substance in which particles coalesce into a single quantum mechanical entity.;;Bose(-)Einstein condensate|BEC
;;In a late work, he quotes Cicero for a title and says that the unquestioning acceptance of the validity of the law was the basis for Roman power. In addition to Concord and Liberty, this author of The (*) Dehumanization of Art claimed that the population explosion in Europe was leading to "the barbarism of specialization." For 10 points, name this philosopher who tried to "Europeanize" his homeland in Invertebrate Spain and wrote The Revolt of the Masses.;;(Jose) Ortega y Gasset
;;The ending of this film gives significance to one character wearing a rubber glove in an earlier scene. Its script called for one character to proclaim a desire for an (*) abortion, which was replaced with a reference to "grade school." The Pierson Towers motto "a place to be somebody" and the signs for Paper Street both point to Wilmington, Delaware as its setting, as do the credit card buildings blowing up at the end. For 10 points, name this story of Tyler Durden, starring Brad Pitt and Ed Norton.;;Fight Club
;;This activist wrote amendments to the Arizona, Wyoming, and Oklahoma constitutions in the same year and claimed to have been defrauded out of half of Oregon's votes. The inventor of the cold food diet, Marietta Stow, was the first VP nominee for this (*) National Equal Rights Party candidate, following her graduation from the ancestor of George Washington University's law school. For 10 points, name this suffragist who became the first woman to argue at the Supreme Court.;;(Belva) Lockwood
;;One of his plays contains the First and Second Chaps and First and Second Sidneys, who become involved in Leopold Nettles's impending arrest for subversive writing. Dr. Balcar cries when Eduard Huml exposes the fraud of the (*) Puzuk machine in another of his plays. In addition to Largo Desolato and The Increased Difficulty of Concentration, he wrote about a social gathering of the Liquidation Office in The Garden Party. For 10 points, name this Czech dissident and politician.;;(Vaclav) Havel
;;The leading scholar of this site, Rupert Bruce-Mitford, wrote of spoons with Greek inscriptions and a silver dish stamped with the seal of Byzantine emperor Anastasius I that were retrieved, along with over forty gold pieces, from this cenotaph found in (*) 1939. A vassal of Penda named Athelhere or a Christian apostate named Raedwald are possible identities for the object of this site,  For 10 points, name this place near Suffolk where an East Anglian king was given a ship-burial.;;Sutton Hoo
;;He's not Tengri, but a dance named for him accompanies rounds of traditional Mongolian wrestling. Krishna's banner contains an image of this figure, who made himself small to avoid spikes (*) on the spokes of a wheel. His stepmother Kadru imprisoned his mother in Patala and mothered the creatures this being hates. This son of Vinita and Kashyapa retrieved amrita for the nagas and gained immortality from a deal made with Vishnu. For 10 points, name this bird, the mount of Vishnu.;;Garuda
;;This writer's poetry includes the twelve-part "Calendar of Sonnets." Animals star in her Mammy Tittleback and Her Family and Letters From a Cat, while she depicted her friend Emily Dickinson in Mercy Philbrick's Choice. Father Gaspara agrees to perofrm a marriage between the shepherd (*) Allesandro and the biracial title character of one of her novels, who thwarts the anti-Indian Senora Moreno. For 10 points, name this author of Ramona and the history of abuses towards Indians, A Century of Dishonor.;;(Helen) (Hunt) Jackson
;;The "dogmatics" of this kind were written of by Robert Nisbet, who is often called the leading sociologist of this type. The author of What Is Political Philosophy? and On Tyranny is often called the founder of a school with this word in its name, which the writer of The (*) Closing of the American Mind is also sometimes grouped in. The "conscience" of this type of person was described by Barry Goldwater. For 10 points, and Leo Strauss and Allan Bloom are exemplars of the alleged "neo" variety of what political stripe?.;;conservatives
;;This painting can be dated to the summer of 1660 because it shows an empty bell tower, corresponding to the months when the Hemony firm took down the carillons for repair. The Old Church tower is shown much smaller than its actual size, while the New Church is twice as large as it should be. Depicting (*) rooftops on the Lange Geer canal from across the river, with several boats moored, for 10 points, name this landscape showing the hometown of painter Jan Vermeer.;;View of Delft
;;This value for thermally excited electrons can be obtained from Fermi-Sommerfeld theory. This value is proportional to the square of the Einstein temperature in the Einstein (*) model. According to Debye's theory of this value, it is proportional to the cube of the temperature below the Debye temperature. This value is 3 times the gas constant divided by the molar mass according to the Dulong-Petit-law. For 10 points, name this quantity that equals the ratio of the heat absorbed by a material to its change in temperature.;;(specific) heat capacity
;;In 2008, this state's third Congressional district changed hands, as incumbent Jon Porter lost to political science professor Dina Titus. Fellow Democrat Shelley Berkley and Republican Dean Heller round out its House delegation. In the 1990s, its Senator led a crusade to cut funding for SETI, and when that man retired, he was replaced by current Republican junior Senator (*) John Ensign. Its other Senator, a Democrat, is the first Mormon to be Senate Majority Leader. For 10 points, name this home state of Harry Reid.;;Nevada
;;One recent book by a native of this country describes the use of "brown-brown" and the experience of receiving a Run DMC tape from Nurse Esther. In addition to A Long Way Gone by former child soldier (*) Ishmael Beah, this country was featured in VH1's documentary Bling and in a 2006 film involving Captain Poison, who is involved in smuggling with Danny Archer, played by Leonardo DiCaprio. For 10 points, a Kanye West song that samples a James Bond theme also refers to "diamonds from" what war-torn country?.;;Sierra Leone
;;The Minnesota Glacier separates this chain into the Heritage Range and Sentinel Range. This chain was first spotted by Herbert Hollick-Kenyon and its namesake. Including Hammer Col and Mount Rutford, this range's highest peak is named for a (*) Georgia Senator. They are found in an eponymous region to the east of Marie Byrd Land, between the Bellingshausen Sea and Ronne Ice shelf. For 10 points, name this mountain chain that includes Vinson Massif in Antarctica.;;Ellsworth (Mountains)
;;Under this program, strikers were put to death, and the "prodrazvyorstka," or confiscation of anything beyond a pre-defined surplus, was introduced. Instituted following the loss by treaty of Ukraine (*) breadbaskets, it included the demonetization of the economy and the banning of all private trade in food. After leading to searches for alleged hidden grain hoards, it was replaced by the New Economic Policy. For 10 points, name this program instituted by Lenin during the namesake conflict between Reds and Whites.;;War Communism
;;Literary critics are compared to this figure in the concluding section of Viktor Shklovsky's Third Factory. This character observes "the towers that men contrive" when he is "far from home at nightfall by the Potomac" in an Allen Tate poem that finds him "at Washington." In Troilus and Cressida, he delivers (*) Hector's challenge to the Greek warriors. In another work, he is trapped in a cave by a storm with romantic results, and he holds funeral games for his father Anchises. For 10 points, name this hero of a Roman epic.;;Aeneas
;;Free radical peroxidation of apolipoprotein E has been linked to this disease and the drug Namenda treats its symptoms by acting as an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. It has recently been discovered that individuals possessing a single mutated copy of the APP (*) gene are resistant to this disease. It is commonly associated with the presence of abnormal microtubule-associated tau proteins which form neurofibrillary tangles and beta-amyloid aggregates. For 10 points, name this neurodegenerative disease associated with memory loss and dementia.;;Alzheimer's (disease)
;;Baader-Meinhof attempted to kill this man with a land mine during his five yers as commander of NATO forces in the late 1970s. A helicopter pilot who won the Distinguished Service Cross at the Battle of Ap Gu, this man was White House Chief of Staff following the resignation of HR Haldeman during Watergate. In a later position, he attempted to (*) mediate the Falklands War and Israeli-Lebanon crisis. For 10 points, name this Reagan Secretary of State, who erroneously asserted "I am in control here" when Reagan was shot.;;(Alexander) Haig
;;This man had the Russian soldier John Basil Turchin court-martialed for the looting of Athens, Alabama. This man was court-martialed partially for his inaction to save Munfordville and for his failure to reinforce McCook's division after a surprise attack on this man's troops. This man was eventually replaced by William (*) Rosecrans for his failure to chase the enemy after that battle, Perryville. For 10 points, name this man whose reinforcing of Grant turned the tide at the Battle of Shiloh.;;(Don) (Carlos) Buell
;;This man's first assistant coaching jobs came at Hawai'i and then during the first years of Jim Boeheim's job at Syracuse. This man led Boston University to their first tourney appearance in 24 years before working under Hubie Brown for a team he would later coach, the Knicks. This man took (*) Providence to the Final Four and he is the only man to coach three different teams to the Final Four. For 10 points, name this failed NBA coach and current Louisville head coach.;;(Rick) Pitino
;;Hans Sebald Beham depicted one of these objects between Adam and Eve in one engraving and Jose Guadalupe Posada often displayed them in his artwork. Vincent Van Gogh portrayed one smoking a cigarette. One of these opens a curtain in the painting I'm Glad I Came Back by George (*) Grosz, and a self portrait by Munch gives him this type of arm. For 10 points, name these objects, one of which plays a violin in an Arnold Bocklin self portrait and which often personify death in art.;;skeletons
;;One character's grave gets marked with a stone bearing the word "Resurgem" in this work, and another character tries to elope with Lord Edwin Vere but fails. The title character dreams at one point for seven consecutive nights about babies shortly before receiving word that her cousin has committed suicide. A wedding is ruined by Mr. (*) Briggs revealing the job of Grace Pool. For 10 points, name this work in which the death of Bertha Mason allows Mr. Rochester to marry the title character.;;Jane Eyre(:) (An) (Autobiography)
;;These compounds were first isolated from electrolysis reactions in E. coli where they exhibited bacteriocidal activity in specific geometric isomers of their plus 2 and plus 4 oxidation states. They can inhibit enzymatic activity in the proximal tubule leading to nephrotoxicity, but their principle mode of action is to produce 1,2-intrastrand (*) cross-linking of DNA which leads to apoptosis. Increasing doses can trigger resistance to these complexes in tumor cells. For 10 points, name these platinum based cancer drugs possessing chlorine and ammonia ligands in a specific orientation.;;cisplatin|cisplatinum(,)|cis(-)diamminedichloridoIIplatinum
;;6/ One of this theory's properties is characterized by the area law of the Wilson loop and the zero average of the Polyakov line. Another property associated with the decrease of the effecting coupling constant at shorting distances is known as (*) asymptotic freedom. This theory is based on the SU(3) gauge group and employs the Yang-Mills field theory. It deals with particles that carry a form of charge called color, such as mesons, quarks, and protons. For 10 points, name this theory based on force carrying particles called gluons, which describes the behavior of the strong force.;;QCD|quantum chromodynamics
;;One inspiration for this work came from a seminar given by Arnold Plant, and this work at one point quotes a Dennis Robertson simile about "lumps of butter coagulating in a pail of buttermilk." Three reasons are given for the growth of the (*) titular entity, and this essay posits that in perfect competition the upward slope of a cost curve need not limit growth. For 10 points, name this work that created the idea of transaction costs in certain businesses, an essay by Ronald Coase.;;(The) Nature of the Firm
;;This man's Pediatric Fellowship Program supports Kinderspital Zurich by providing specialists, and his HERO house program helped earn him an "Excellence in Leadership" award from the IAE[10] His "Superstars" consisted of (*) West Indian cricket players, but more recently the SEC has revealed that this man's business was hit by Bernie Madoff's Ponzi scheme. For 10 points, name this Texas businessman and Antiguan and Barbudan knight recently embroiled in scandal.;;(Sir) (Robert) (Allen) Stanford
;;One character in this work takes the name John Hobbs after cudgeling a man who read stories to one of the main characters, Father Andrews. One character dreams of a dwarf showing him where to dig for 12 pennies before giving a hereditary position to (*) Humphrey Marlow. One title character is almost killed by a hermit before returning to London with Miles Hendon. For 10 points, name this work in which a poor boy and royalty exchange positions for a time, written by Mark Twain.;;(The) Prince and the Pauper
;;A 1982 fire in a tunnel in this range's Salang Pass may have killed over 200. Other major passes through it include the Khawak and the Unai, which connects Bamiyan to another major city in this range. Tirich Mir, this range's highest peak, is located in the Chitral district, part of the (*) Northwest Frontier Province of a country that contains much of this range, a province that contains Peshawar. For 10 points, name this extension of the Pamirs, found in Afghanistan and Pakistan and home to the Khyber Pass.;;Hindu Kush
;;One work of this group concerns the Florida hotel owner Mr. Hammer desperate for money and the love between Bob Adams and Polly Potter. Another work of this group sees a painting stolen from a party held after the return of Captain Spaulding. In addition to (*) Cocoanuts and Animal Crackers, this group had George Kaufman write the script of a work which has Rosa Castaldi played by Kitty Carlisle, A Night at the Opera. For 10 points, name this group of brothers who included Harpo and Groucho.;;Marx (brothers)
;;This man was wounded by a sniper while serving with the Royal Warwickshire Regiment near Meteren during First Ypres. This man claimed he was not bothered "a bit by how many houses were burnt" during his time in charge of a regiment in Ireland after the First World War. Later, this man would fail in his attempt in (*) Arnhem to create a path through Holland to Germany in Operation Market Garden. For 10 points, name this victorious general over Rommel at the Battle of El Alamein.;;(Bernard) (Law) Montgomery
;;One work by this author describes the marriage of Katrina Taylor and Edward Dougherty along with the "Love Nest Killings of 1908", while another has the title character chasing Veronica Fitzgibbon after giving up politics under Patsy McCall. In addition to (*) The Flaming Corsage and Roscoe, this man wrote about Bailey organizing a newspaper strike in The Ink Truck. For 10 points, name this American author of works often set in Albany, New York, such as Legs and Ironweed.;;(William) (Joseph) Kennedy
;;One leader of this polity listened to a plea from Syckanamo by having Martin Cregier cease hostilities in the Second Esopus War. This polity saw the New Love built as the first three-masted ship in America, and Deborah Moody successfully got land for religious purposes from one leader of this settlement, William (*) Kieft. Another leader supposedly spent 60 guilders for land for this settlement. For 10 points, name this settlement led at times by Peter Minuit and Peter Stuyvesant.;;New Amsterdam
;;One story told on board it concerns the insulting and throwing of tar onto a man by the Irishman nicknamed Belfast. One character located here claims he earlier lost goods due to Yankee oppression before assaulting the Finn Warimbo. Around the Cape of Good Hope, Singleton believes this (*) object's troubles are due to Captain Allistoun's ignoring nature, and at one point this vessel gets turned on its side. For 10 points, name this ship on which James Wait eventually dies in a Joseph Conrad novel.;;(the) Narcissus
;;The first of these was ended by an agreement to pay 600 ounces of gold negotiated by George Maclean. The second began over control of the port city of Elmina, and ended with Garnet Wolseley burning down the enemy's capital before the Treaty of (*) Fomena was signed. The third consisted mostly of deaths from disease, while the fourth was sparked over Frederic Hodgson's desire to sit on the Golden Stool. For 10 points, name these wars between the British and a West African empire.;;Anglo(-)Ashanti (Wars)
;;In conductors, the application of this quantity gives rise to heat flow in the opposite direction according to an analog of the Hall effect named after Righi and Ledu[10] When it is applied perpendicular to a magnetic field, a mutually perpendicular transverse electric field is generated by the (*) Nernst effect. It is related to the reversible change in heat content by the Thomson coefficient. When it exists between the junctions of two dissimilar conductors a current is generated by the Seebeck effect. For 10 points, name this quantity that gives the direction and rate of temperature change.;;temperature gradient
;;This work claims that any state that uses the Bible as part of its foundation is based on "human rubbish", and at one point this work uses 'Freistaat' as a play on words. This essay claims that political emancipation from religion does not destroy religion but destroys the (*) privileges of religion. According to this work, haggling and money make up the worldy religion of the title group. For 10 points, name this essay critiquing a Bruno Bauer work, an essay by Marx about a titular query.;;On The Jewish Question|Zur Judenfrage
;;In one work in this series, the turning of Jerry Evans, Walker Watson, and Mack McConnel from their original ideas leads to the disillusionment of the main character. Another work in this series has a character work for the campaign funds of Norman Stauch before taking the fall for (*) Chuck Crawford. The first work satirizes communism from the viewpoint of Glenn Spotswood. For 10 points, name this trilogy of The Great Design, Number One, and Adventures of a Young Man by John Dos Passos.;;District of Columbia (Trilogy)
;;The product of this reaction can also be formed in the reaction of Eschenmoser salts with enolates. Copper-bis-oxazolines and proline are enantioselective catalysts for this reaction. This reaction occurs between an enolizable carbonyl containing compound and an iminium ion and produces aminomethylated products, this reaction's namesake (*) bases. It can be employed in the biomimetic synthesis of nitrogen containing alkaloid derivatives such as tropinone and pheromones. For 10 points, name this organic condensation reaction used to alkylate aldehydes and ketones.;;Mannich (reaction)
;;He made an opera about Henry VIII, and an early film score for The Assassination of the Duke of Guise. One of his violin concertos uses Cuban rhythms, the Havanaise, and his symphonies include one nicknamed for an instrument in two of its sections, the (*) pipe organ. One of his works uses a poem by Henri Cazalis beginning "Zig, zig, zig", while another contains the movements "Royal March of the Lion" and "The Swan". For 10 points, name this composer of Danse Macabre and The Carnival of the Animals.;;(Charles(-)Camille) Saint(-)Saens
;;This entity undertook the Caribbean Basin Initiative, and one member wrote a controversial postcard in Nigeria, Marjorie Michelmore. Former leaders include Loret Miller Ruppe, who founded its (*) Competitive Enterprise Development program, and Elaine Chao. Inspired by a talk at the University of Michigan, its first director was Sargent Shriver, after being established by an executive order of John F. Kennedy. For 10 points, name this group of American volunteers who help developing countries.;;Peace Corps
;;One bishop of this city who was converted from Protestantism was Melchior Klesl. Napoleon's troops under Jean Lannes and Joachim Murat took this city by convincing its defender, Prince Auersperg, that there was an armistice. (*) This city was defended from the Ottomans for a second time in 1683 by Jan Sobieski. Home to a meeting attended by Alexander I, Viscount Castlereagh, and Klemens von Metternich, for 10 points, name this capital of Austria.;;Vienna|Wien
;;When these devices exploit their voltage-dependent variable capacitance they are known as varactors. Barring the creation of local hot spots, a non-destructive avalanche current is produced by electron-hole pair propagation when the electric field within the (*) depletion region of these devices reaches a critical value. Majority carriers exist in an energy state greater than the Fermi energy in the Schottky barrier variety and those that operate in reverse breakdown are named after Zener. For 10 points-name these devices that allow current to pass in only one direction.;;diodes
;;In a work of this name, the author coined a term referring to the relationship of hierarchies, the holon. That work claims that one of its title concepts is also named "factor x" and has a "ubiquitous presence". The work creating this idea repudiated the idea that human actions were the result of "volitions", or (*) mental willpower. That work derisively gave this name to Cartesian dualism. For 10 points, name this concept used to title an Arthur Koestler book and created by Gilbert Ryle.;;(the) ghost in the machine
;;This man planned to destroy Egypt by diverting the course of the Nile, and died on a ship after learning that he had been supplanted by his enemy, Lope Soares. He was assisted by Timoja in one endeavor, while another involved seizing Socotra before capturing (*) Hormuz. He built the first Portuguese fortress in Asia to protect Cochin before capturing Malacca. For 10 points, name this man who captured Goa after replacing Francisco de Almeida as governor of India, the namesake of a city in New Mexico.;;(Alfonso) (de) Albuquerque
;;Alford, Grandville, and Pomerance proved the conjecture there exists infinitely many of them. They must be capable of dividing the denominator of their associated Bernoulli number. Erdos developed a technique for constructing large ones and they must be (*) squarefree according to Korselt's criteria. The Miller-Rabin probabilistic primality test fails for these numbers and they must possess at least three prime factors. For 10 points-name these odd composite numbers, which are known as absolute psuedoprimes and satisfy Fermat's little theorem for relatively prime values.;;Carmichael (numbers)
;;One character in this work fails to sell a painting and a wall clock. Alvaro had earlier bought that character's sewing machine and worked with her son before the son was killed by the mayor's men. The title character goes to the harbor every Friday to wait for the (*) mail and sells a rooster to Sabas before reneging on the deal. For 10 points, name this work where that rooster from Agustin and a pension check serve as hope for the title character in a Gabriel Garcia Marquez work.;;No One Writes to the Colonel|ElCoronel no tiene quien le escriba
;;The namesake of this event once led a company that created the Phebor, a wooden refrigerator with no need for electricity. One magistrate involved in this event, Albert Prince, committed suicide, and this event led to the February 6th Riots. A new government under (*) Gaston Doumergue formed after this event collapsed the government of Camille Chautemps. For 10 points, name this French affair caused by fraudulent municipal pawnshop bonds from Bayonne, named for a Ukrainian immigrant.;;Stavisky (Affair)
;;One visitor to these people described them as being "like the Carolingian kingsdecayed to a mere beautiful futility." That visitor would later compare these people to "mere fatted cattle" before deciding to share "in their degradation and their Fear" despite their (*) "intellectual degradation." One member of this group is saved from drifting away by a man who loses a certain vehicle and is named Weena. For 10 points, name this group paired with the Morlocks in H.G. Well's The Time Machine.;;Eloi
;;This country's second-largest island, Isla de la Juventud, is separated from this country's province of Pinar del Rio by the Gulf of Batabano. This country's highest point, Pico Turquino, is part of its Sierra Maestra mountain range. That range ends at the Gulf of Guacanayabo, which is bordered by Las Tunas and (*) Granma provinces. Major cities in this country include Holguin, Camaguey, and Cienfuegos, and Baracoa can be found in its Guantanamo province. For 10 points, name this country with capital at Havana.;;(Republic) (of) Cuba
;;One of his piano solos, where the soloist must whisper and make voiceless calls, is an early version of his Lucifer's Dream. Another work contains prayer gestures and was packaged with a Lecture on [the sound] HU, Inori. One scene from his (*) Licht cycle of 7 operas for the days of the week required four of the title objects on loan from the Austrian army. For 10 points, name this composer of some avant-garde Klavierstucke and the Helicopter String Quartet.;;(Karlheinz) Stockhausen
;;Rieske proteins are associated with a cycle in which this protein's reduction is linked to the oxidation of Coenzyme Q. A variant of this protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum acts as a monooxygenase enzyme by adding a terminal hydroxyl group to fatty acids and is designated (*) P-450. Like hemoglobin, the b variant of this protein contains an iron protoporphyrin IX heme prosthetic group and the cleavage of DEVD specific caspases is triggered by its c variant. For 10 points-name this class of proteins found within the electron transport chain of the inner mitochondrial membrane.;;cytochrome
;;A 1981 documentary by Connie Field is titled after The Life and Times of this character, while in a song by Redd Evans and John Jacob Loeb, she protects her boyfriend, Charlie. In her first true depiction, her head is turned away from the (*) sandwich in her left hand while her visor and goggles rest above her head. For 10 points, name this character depicted wearing a red bandana and flexing her right bicep saying "We Can Do It!", a World War II-era female factory worker.;;Rosie the Riveter
;;One part of this book ends with a policeman killing the child-murderer Hinzelmann. At another point in this novel, the prostitute Bilquis consumes a client. It opens with the protagonist leaving prison and finding out that his wife died while engaged in a sex act in a car with his friend Robbie. That man works for Mr. (*) Wednesday, who is attempting to make war on airplanes and the Internet with the aid of Czernobog, Thoth, and Anansi. For 10 points, name this 2001 fantasy by Neil Gaiman.;;American Gods
;;This man painted four figures jumping in a circle with a fifth figure excluded in Wildly Dancing Children, and a barren landscape holds a red haired kid with yellow shoes in his Child and Large Bird. This painter began a book titled On Primitive Art shortly before creating paintings like (*) South Sea Islander during his time in New Guinea. During Nazi rule, this man secretly painted the watercolors Unpainted Pictures. For 10 points, name this German painter and member of Die Brucke.;;(Emil) Nolde|(Emil) Hansen
;;Ligand group orbitals are classified based on which one of these entities they belong to when constructing molecular orbital diagrams. The identity operator E gives the degeneracy of the orbitals assigned to their labels. Homonuclear diatomic molecules belong to their own set due to the possession of an infinity fold axis of rotation and a horizontal plane of (*) symmetry. They can be divided into C and D class and their elements are listed in character tables. For 10 points-name these mathematical groups that give the number and nature of the symmetry elements for a given molecule.;;point groups
;;One character in this work saves a boy from an oncoming train, which causes problems with his wife Robbie. One character's mother sends handmade quilts from her shack, and that son's new home, Marmion, is prepared by his father-in-law Battle. Laura (*) McRaven fears that she will not be accepted into the main family after arriving at the Shellmound plantation from Jackson. For 10 points, name this Eudora Welty work about Troy Flavin's marriage into Dabney Fairchild's family.;;Delta Wedding
;;The Romans created the largest man made one of these near Terni named Marmore. The four tracks of King, Roarer, Rocket, and Queen are present in another located in Karnakata called Jog. The strongest European one is located near Husavik in Iceland and is named (*) Dettifoss. One of these features a U-shape given the name the Devil's Throat and is located on the Brazil-Argentina border, named Iguazu. For 10 points, name this geographic feature notably including such examples as Victoria, Angel, and Niagara.;;waterfalls
;;This man's capture in an attempt to avenge the Kirker massacre at Galeana resulted in a siege of the city of Fronteras. This man was accused of abducting a child from John Ward's ranch in an event that included this man "cutting the tent", the Bascom Affair. This man fought James Carleton out of the (*) Dragoon Mountains before agreeing to a treaty with George Crook and Thomas Jeffords. For 10 points, name this son-in-law of Mangas Coloradas and leader of the Chiricahua band of Apache.;;Cochise
;;This man hosted a spinoff of The Newlywed Game with only one known episode, The Family Game. His namesake "box" had four drawers, three with money; that box appeared on a show he hosted for 20 years, originally created by Ralph Edwards, (*) Truth or Consequences?. He stopped hosting Miss Universe because contestants were given furs, and he introduced the sign-off call of "Have your pet spayed or neutered." For 10 points, name this octogenarian replaced by Drew Carey as host of The Price is Right.;;(Robert) (William) (Bob) Barker
;;The Konungsbok and Hauksbok manuscripts provided slightly different catalogues of them. One of them was named Gandalfr, and four of them held up the dome of heaven fashioned from Ymir's skull. One of them hid in a waterfall in the form of a (*) pike, and another was Fafnir's brother. Two of them killing Gilling after making mead from the blood of Kvasir, and their ancestors include Motsognir and Dvalinn. For 10 points, name these creators of  Skidbladnir and Mjollnir, a dimunitive race.;;dwarfs|dwarves(;)|Dvergar
;;One attempt to take this city was stopped by an ambassador Wotton, who got reinforcements for this city from Lord Pembroke. One governor of St. Omer tried to bribe Aymery de Pavia for this city but was foiled when a man under the banner of Sir Walter Manny visited. An event outside this city saw (*) two monarchs set up tents on the ground between them. For 10 points, name this city by which the Field of the Cloth of Gold took place, and where some burghers made a notable sacrifice.;;Calais
;;Their name comes from an anecdote about Richie Ashburn and Frank Thomas colliding in the outfield. They backed Yoko Ono on a cover of the song "Wicked Little Town/Exquisite Corpse." In the film I Shot Andy Warhol, they play The Velvet Underground. (*) Their songs include "Let's Save Tony Orlando's House" and "Tears Are In Your Eyes." For ten points, name this indie rock group, best known for albums like And Then Nothing Turned Itself Inside Out and I Am Not Afraid of You and I Will Beat Your Ass.;;Yo La Tengo
;;According to the Lynch model, these entities are weeded out in organism with large population sizes. They can be located using the GU-AG rule and their eucaryal tRNA variety is located in the anti-codon loop between nucleotides 37 and 38. Group II examples possess (*) open reading frame regions that code for maturase proteins, which facilitate their own ribozyme activity. Although they are present in chloroplast tRNA genes, these regions are typically not present within prokaryotic DNA. For 10 points- name these non-coding regions of DNA that are removed from precursor mRNA through splicing.;;introns
;;The protagonist of this novel is sickened by eating dirt after a rosebush in a cave blooms in February, signifying to Peyramale that he should build a shrine. At the end of this novel, Maria Therese apologizes for her rudeness and a local atheist is (*) converted. Opening with a cart full of amputated limbs being dumped into the Grotto of Massabielle by the title character's mother, Francois Soubirous, for 10 points, name this work of Franz Werfel about a religious vision in 1858 France.;;(The) Song of Bernadette
;;This man was the last ruler of a dynasty that began with the crushing of the Tay Son revolt and the crowning of Gia Long. During World War II, Japan made moves to depose this man in favor of his distant cousin (*) Cuong De, but he was able to retain power. He fled the country after spending one year as the "citizen prince," and after returning, abdicated again when his country split into zones led by Ngo Dinh Diem and Ho Chi Minh. For 10 points, name this last emperor of Vietnam.;;Bao Dai
;;The 1979 documentary Town Bloody Hall depicts the 1971 New York debate between Norman Mailer and this writer. Her 2007 biography Anne Hathaway was called Shakespeare's Wife, while her Whitefella Jump Up advocates that all native-born (*) Australians consider themselves Aborigines. She questioned male participation in feminism in The Whole Woman, thirty years after claiming that a passive sexual role is evidence of patriarchy and sexlessness. For 10 points, name this author of The Female Eunuch.;;(Germaine) Greer
;;One of his early plays ends with a priest being stuffed into a sack. That play about Michael Byrne and Sarah Casey, A Tinker's Wedding, followed his When The Moon is Set and was written before his version of a myth about a (*) beautiful woman who brings grief to Naisi and Conchobar, Deirdre of the Sorrows. He also wrote about Bartley, the last son of Maurya, and Christy Mahon, who claims to have killed his father. For 10 points, name this author of Riders to the Sea and A Playboy of the Western World.;;(John) (Millington) Synge
;;Tod Golberg wrote a spin-off novel to this TV show, entitled The Fix. One of its episodes guest-stars Lucy Lawless, who makes up a kidnapping story and then jumps to her death. A character in this show uses former Angels pitcher "Chuck Finley" whenever he needs a fake name. Starring (*) Jeffrey Donovan as Michael Westen, and featuring Bruce Campbell as Sam Axe, for 10 points, name this USA series about a former spy who, in the pilot, is unceremoniously fired by the titular communique.;;Burn Notice
;;According to this theory, nonlinear molecular systems in unstable degenerate states will produce Jahn-Teller distortions. When the stabilization energy exceeds the pairing energy, as in the case with strong (*) field ligands, the formation of a low-spin state is favored. Ligands are viewed as point charges and this theory can be extended to tetrahedral and square planar systems. For 10 points, name this electrostatic model used to describe bonding in complexes of d-block metals in which ligand electrons produce an electric field around the metal center.;;crystal field (theory)
;;In this novel, a woman stops on the way to dinner and demands that her date win six thousand francs gambling; that woman is later caught by her husband trying to sell the de Restaud family diamonds. Bianchon is one of two people at the title character's (*) deathbed at the Maison Vauquer, after that man is unable to move into a new apartment with Eugene de Rastignac as planned. Only empty carriages are sent by Delphine and Anastasia to their father's funeral. For 10 points, name this novel about an exploited Frenchman by Balzac.;;(Le) Pere Goriot
;;Plasma generated in their inner sphere can be manipulated through alteration of grid potentials. Excess electrons are caught in a negative potential well in these devices and they can produce (*) neutrons through the D-D reaction. Their applications include functioning as gas diodes and an ion multipactors. For 10 points, name this class of devices named after Farnsworth and Hirsch which utilize inertial electrostatic confinement to produce nuclear fusion reactions.;;fusors
;;Foulds and Stein both expanded this work into a symphony.  Based on a Matthius Claudius poem, it starts with a sonata that moves through D minor, F major, and A minor and it ends with a sonata-rondo tarantella in 6/8 presto. The second movement of this work was (*) adapted from the composer's previously published song, giving the piece its name. Following the Rosamunde in the sequence of the composer's quartets, for 10 points, name this Schubert piece depicting some medieval iconography.;;(the) Death and the Maiden (quartet)
;;Peter Matthiessen was sued for libel after writing about an incident here, and the University of Illinois librarian Dee Brown wrote a history named for this place. Dennis Banks and Russell (*) Means declared the Independent Oglala Sioux Nation here on behalf of the American Indian Movement, leading to a standoff in 1973. Earlier, a group had camped here under the leadership of Big Foot following the death of Sitting Bull and suppression of the Ghost Dance. For 10 points, name this site of an 1890 massacre of Indians.;;Wounded Knee
;;Boleslav II of Bohemia was given this byname after establishing a bishop in Prague, and John III of Portugal, who established the Inquisition in that country, was also called this. Another ruler of this byname, who is less often called "the (*) fair," is mentioned in the title of the major work of Nithard, who wrote about that man's sons Charles the Bald, Louis the German, and Lothair going to war over Carolingian lands. For 10 points, give this nickname of Louis I of France.;;(the) pious
;;Ko Hung and Sun Ssu-miao practiced this in China. Robert Fludd, George Ripley, Basil Valentine, and Denys Zachaire are among the men described by Charles MacKay in a 160-page section about this practice in (*) Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds. Perhaps the most noted English ones were Edward Kelley and "doctor" John Dee. Multiple Chinese emperors died from drinking mercury provided by these people. For 10 points, name these seekers of the philosopher's stone who wished to transmute lead into gold.;;alchemy|alchemists
;;Sedoheptulose is a possible end-product of this pathway and it involves the formation of an unstable gluconolactonase intermediate. One isomerization process involves the formation of an enediol intermediate in this pathway. Like the (*) Calvin cycle, it employs transketolase to transfer 2 carbon units and it begins with the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate. Its products can be employed in the biosynthesis of coenzymes like FAD and nucleotides. For 10 points, name this pathway that produces NADPH and the five carbon sugar ribose-5-phosphate.;;pentose phosphate (pathway)|hexose monophosphate shunt(,)|phosphogluconate (pathway)
;;His early jobs included playing James on Little House on the Prairie and oldest son David on Valerie. He starred alongside Nikki Cox and Greg Grunberg in the short-lived The Jake Effect, and in a 2008 film he played a (*) publicist whose life is saved by a reluctant superhero named Hancock. On another show, he played a character who frequently asks "what's wrong with me," whose father was portrayed by Jeffrey Tambor and whose son was Michael Cera. For 10 points, name this portrayer of Michael Bluth on Arrested Development.;;(Jason) Bateman
;;Circular states are represented by poles and linear states lie on the equator in the Poincare sphere representation of this property. Haidinger fringes arise due to this property. Its is characterized by the (*) Jones calculus, and the Verdet constant determines its response to a longitudinally applied magnetic field in the magneto-optic Faraday effect. It is generated by crystals that restrict transmitted vibrations to a specific plane. For 10 points, name this property of electromagnetic radiation where electric vectors oriented in the same direction.;;polarization|polarized (radiation)
;;An elliptical red object which forks at one end is adorned with orange and black fins near the top of this work, which features two distinct sections of chain links and nine roughly heart-shaped black objects. Commissioned directly by the (*) MOMA to decorate its stairwell, it uses steel wire and aluminum in order to be light enough to be moved by air currents. For 10 points, identify this mobile by Alexander Calder, comprised of an aquatic hunting device and an artificial lure.;;Lobster Trap and Fish Tail
;;An early proof for this problem involved the use of a Taylor series employing the sin function and the length of an arc on the unit circle. It can be solved using the s equals 2 case of the Riemann (*) zeta function. It was first proposed by Mengoli and popularized by Jakob Bernoulli. It solution was determined to be pi squared over six. For 10 points, name this mathematical problem solved by Euler and named after a Swiss city, which asks for the sum of the reciprocals of the perfect squares.;;Basel (problem)
;;This region shares its name with the zone between the Gulf of Hammamet and the Gulf of Gabes; both are named from the Arabic word for "coast." In the past several decades, this region has been stripped of its thorny scrub. Defined by the intermittent presence of (*) acacia trees, a collaborative project exists to build the Dakar-Ndjamena Highway across this region. For 10 points, name this region extending from Sudan to Senegal, the transition zone between the savannah and the Sahara Desert.;;(the) Sahel
;;The first Pope of this name clashed with Elipandus of Toledo to condemn Adoptionism and took a line against iconoclasm at the Second Council of Nicaea. The sixth Pope of this name taught both Erasmus and Charles V and was the last (*) non-Italian Pope prior to John Paul II. Another Pope of this name executed Arnold of Brescia and crowned Frederick Barbarossa as emperor. For 10 points, give the common name of these pontiffs, the fourth of whom was born Nicholas Breakspear and was the only English Pope.;;Hadrian|Adrian
;;This man's father was a Congressman whose 1966 primary loss signaled the end of the Byrd Machine. This man founded an organization now led by the Jew for Jesus Alan Sekulow, the American Center for Law and Justice. His business ties with the Bank of Scotland ended when he called Scotland "a (*) dark land overrun by homosexuals." Finishing second in the Iowa primary in 1988, this man also founded Regent University. For 10 points, name this 700 Club host and noted Christian conservative.;;(Marion) (Gordon) (Pat) Robertson
;;One of them shared his name with the husband of the Oceanid Electra and father of the harpies. Another of them fell off a cliff and impaled himself on an ash-tree, and a female one killed herself to join in death her husband (*) Cyllarus. In addition to Dictys, one of them possessed a jar of wine which indirectly led to the another being struck by an arrow poisoned with Hydra blood. Battlers of the Lapiths, for 10 points, name this race of beings including Pholus, Nessus, and Chiron.;;centaurs
;;During his time in the Asiatic Squadron, this man predicted what the next war would be and researched the geography of what proved to be the theater he was assigned to. While targeting an enemy at Cavite Island, he ended that phase of the war in (*) ninety minutes and without suffering any casualties, after this only six-star admiral in American history ordered his subordinate Gridley to fire when ready. For 10 points, name this admiral who defeated the Spanish fleet at Manila Bay.;;(Admiral) (George) Dewey
;;The peasant Anne-Marie must sow an entire rye field by herself in a day to save her son from being executed for arson in this author's story "Sorrow-Acre." The ascetics Martine and Philippa reunite with their former boyfriends in her (*) "Babette's Feast," Kamante's conversion to Chrsitianity and Chief Kinanjui's resolution of an accidental shooting occur in a novel by this author. For 10 points, name this author of Seven Gothic Tales who used her time on a Kenyan coffee plantation to write Out of Africa.;;(Isak) Dinesen|(Karen) Blixen
;;In one of this artist's works, a woman and two men work on a large piece of wood while a boy carries a bowl in the right foreground. Charles Dickens denounced that painting, (*) Christ in the House of His Parents. He showed a Jacobite wearing a sling in The Order of Release, which included as a model Effie Gray. Though he later married Gray, it was Elizabeth Siddal lying in a bathtub whom he depicted drowned among many-colored foliage. For 10 points, name this painter of Ophelia.;;(John) (Everett) Millais
;;This city's Republican political machine was dominated by the Gas Trust and Israel Durham. In 1979, this city voted down a charter amendment that would have let former policeman Frank (*) Rizzo run for a third term as mayor. Its first black mayor, Wilson Goode, was implicated in the 1985 death by fire of eleven neighbors of the MOVE compound. For 10 points, name this host of the first Republican convention as well as several 1776 and 1787 meetings.;;Philadelphia
;;This phenomenon is caused by the finite outward propagation velocity of gravitons in conjunction with the downward acceleration of virtual fermions governed by graviton flux in the quantum vacumm. It causes the orbital precession of X-rays emitted from gases due to the (*) graivtomagnetic forces it produces within the ergosphere of Kerr black holes, and it is also known as the Lense-Thirring effect. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which a rotating massive object perturbs the space-time of an orbiting body.;;frame dragging
;;A fictional character of this name was prosecuted by Foggy Nelson for killing The Scorpion and moved to San Francisco with the former lover of Karen Page. This character started out as a (*) KGB operative but later defected. A real person with this nickname suffered a controversial loss to Dan Boone due to overheated baked beans. For 10 points, what nickname is given to both competitive eater Sonya Thomas and of Marvel's Natasha Romanova, for their spider-like ferocity?.;;(the) Black Widow
;;The daughter of one of these people, Eliza Jane Scovill, died at age three in 2005. Eliza's mother, Christine Maggiore, was a prominent one of these people, and herself died in December 2008. A magazine founded to air their views, (*) Continuum, ceased publishing in 2001 following the death of its last staff member. Kary Mullis, Peter Duesberg, and the Foo Fighters are among, for 10 points, what group of people who believe that a certain retrovirus is not the cause of a deadly condition?.;;HIV deniers|AIDS deniers|people who deny that HIV is the cause of AIDS|people who deny that AIDS exists|(anything) (in) (that) (ballpark)
;;This book quotes the president of the New York public schools, who worries that "surplus graduates" will use their education to take revenge on those who do not hire them. It accuses "the biggest bazaar in the world" of "making gods out of flux itself" in a section about (*) department store employees. The penultimate section examines unionism among the title type of people. For 10 points, name this 1951 study of the drudgery of middle-class work, written by C. Wright Mills.;;White Collar
;;An uncle and nephew with this surname reformed the Scottish education system and Church in the late 1500s. In addition to Andrew and James, a film by a man of this surname follows Jef Costello (*) and uses The Book of Bushido. One work of a man by this name involves the HMS Bellipotent and Captain Edward Vere. Jean-Pierre directed films like Les Enfants Terribles and Le Samourai.  For 10 points, give this surname also shared with the author of Whtie-Jacket, Billy Budd and Moby Dick.;;Melville
;;The speakers agree that the title constructs must hold to four kinds of virtue, and its 7th Book discusses the necessity of music in education.  Megillos speaks but Socrates (*) is absent from this work where three characters discuss the creation of Magnetes.  Beginning with an Athenian asking Clinias, a citizen of Crete, "to whom do you ascribe the authorship of" the title things, for 10 points, name this final Platonic dialogue, on a similar subject as The Republic.;;(Plato's) Laws|(Laws) (of) (Plato)
;;The site of one battle that happened after Versinikia, one battle called Yedrene by the Serbs who were fighting here with the Bulgarians under Ivanov saw this city taken from (*) Shukri Pasha. Khan Kaloyan killed Louis of Blois and captured and blinded the Latin Emperor Baldwin I here. Most notably, a battle here saw leaders such as Saphrax, Alatheus, and Fritigern victorious against the Emperor Valens, who died on the field. For 10 points, name this site, a city in modern Turkey.;;Adrianople|Edirne|Hadrianopolis
;;This thinker asserted that "the idea  can have no existence but in a mind that thinks" and addressed the mind's conception of control in "Of Power".  His early "Essay on Quantity" earned him tenure at a university where he gave speeches collected in his Philosophical Orations.   Influencing contemporaries like (*) James Beattie, he wrote essays "On the Intellectual" and "On the Active" power of man.  An advocate of common sense over Hume's skeptical empiricism, for 10 points, name this Scottish philosopher.;;(Thomas) Reid
;;You're tasked with running over escaping paparazzi in its Fandom Menance mission.  Early missions in this game are dispatched by Uncle Kenny, whom the protagonist unsuccessfully tries to give the Yu Jian sword to early on.  In this 2009 (*) cel-shaded game, you can apparently unlock a Jeweled Bong by "Selling Depressants" in its Drugwars-like mini-game.  Starring Huang and set in a certain ethnic neighborhood of Liberty City, for 10 points, name this first DS entry in the GTA series.;;(Grand) (Theft) (Auto(:)) Chinatown Wars|(GTA(:)) Chinatown Wars
;;These entities can enhance the s-wave component of fermion wave functions through the Callan-Rubakov effect. Hooft suggested that a topological excitation present in the non-abelian Higgs model was one of these entities. The lower bound for their mass is obtained from the Bogomol'nyi bound, and in the (*) Witten effect, fermion interactions convert them to dyons. Their existence would explain the quantization of electric charge according to Dirac. For 10 points, name these hypothetical particles that posses a magnetic charge.;;(magnetic) monopole
;;One section of this work consists of a school competition essay by its narrator, while its dialogue-only first two chapters is followed by a diary entry about the Charity Show at P.S. 3.  Elsewhere, the narrator brags to the piano teacher Herminia (*) that he reads "almost a book a day".  Alan Cheuse compares it to a 1961 Walker Percy story and titles it "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Moviegoer".  Centering on the uJose Casals, aka Toto, for 10 points, name this first novel by Manuel Puig.;;Betrayed by Rita Hayworth|La Tracion de Rita Hayworth
;;Contemporaneous authors who wrote about this event include Saba Malaspina and Bartolommeo de Neocastro, who didn't mention the legend of Giovanni de Procida, and Giovanni Villani, to whom (*) the claim of intrigue on the part of Michael VII Paleologus has been attributed. It led to a conflict resolved by the Peace of Caltabalotta, in which Frederick III was assured the throne against the Angevin claim. For 10 points, name this massacre which led to the fall of Charles of Anjou on Sicily.;;Sicilian Vespers
;;Two characters in this work make colored condoms called "O-Daddies," while Fritz constantly expounds on his religious views.  In one scene, a beheaded turtle climbs to the top of a pile of decapitated animals, and it ends with the protagonist escaping to Texas (*) after he is blinded by the legless strongman Schmidt. Centered around a chili parlor in the Hotel Crocket and Finnerty's brother and Doc's speakeasy, for 10 points, name this work about the hobo Dove Linkhorn, set in New Orleans, by Nelson Algren.;;(A) Walk on the Wild Side
;;The flow of this element from the thylakoid compartment to the stroma aids in the regulation of the Calvin cycle. A complex of this element and (*) ATP is the substrate for kinase enzymes in glycolysis. Its divalent ion aids in hammerhead ribozyme activity and Vitamin D aids in the absorption of the element along with calcium. Epsom salts are composed of this element's sulfate. For 10 points, name this alkaline earth metal located within the porphyrin ring of chlorophyll.;;magnesium|Mg2+
;;The coming of a "naked hulk" precedes one instance of them, and following their use, "the sun's rim dips". In a work in which the title character loves pastrami, they lead to the death of Damon (*) Rutherford. Another work on them talks about "preparing in the fist that might clutch it". The "Nighmare-life-in Death" gains control of the Ancient Mariner with, for 10 points, what items that Mallarme claimed "would never abolish chance," and which figure in the "Sabha Parvan" game in the Mahabarata?.;;Dice|Die
;;At an event known as the Bull Ring Massacre during this period, when spectators were massacred for not cheering hard enough for President Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. One event near the end of this period was the signing of the Declaration of Sitges, (*) which was signed by Laureano Gomez, another president during this era. The first major event in this period was the bogotazo which occurred after the assassination of Jorge Gaitan in the capital of Bogota. For 10 poins, name this decade of strife in Colombia.;;(La) Violencia|(The) Violence
;;A problem associated with this model asks for the number of color patterns for a rectangular grid of red and green unit squares given a prescribed number of boundary edges. Unlike in the (*) Heisenberg model, spin direction is fixed and the spin variable can only assume two values. When the interaction between neighboring spins favors anti-parallel alignment, the ordered state is anti-ferromagnetic instead of ferromagnetic. For 10 points, name this model of statistical mechanics.;;Ising (model)
;;The Balz-Schiemann reaction adds fluorine to this molecule and the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction involves the base promoted carboxylation of one of its derivatives. The substitution of an amino group on this compound is achieved via a diazonium salt in the (*) Sandmeyer reaction. They can be linked in azo coupling and bromide can be added to this compounds using FeBr3 by electrophilic substitution. The fusion of two of these molecules produces naphthalene and the presence of a methyl group produces toluene. For 10 points, name this simplest aromatic hydrocarbon, C6H6.;;benzene
;;One exchange on this show compares the difficulty of changing planes at O'Hare to taking a bath with one's mother, and a two-part episode from its first season concluded "what happens in Saudi Arabia stays in Saudi Arabia." One character in this show is a former (*) East German ski jumper whose brain was transferred to a goldfish, and another is an effeminate grey alien named Roger. For 10 points, name this animated show focusing on Stan Smith, a CIA agent, created by Seth MacFarlane of Family Guy fame.;;American Dad
;;It is a special case of the Thurston elliptization conjecture and Whitehead developed his namesake prime link while trying to prove this statement. A proof for it involving the use of (*) k-handles was developed by Smale and the Kirby-Siebenmann invariant was central to Freedmen's Fields medal winning proof for the n equals 4 case. For 10 points, name this conjecture, which states that a compact n-manifold is equivalent to the n-sphere if it has the same homotopy groups.;;Poincare (conjecture)
;;A Puritan in this novel feels so guilty that she runs into a cathedral and confesses to a priest. That character, Hilda, eventually marries Kenyon. A character who is last seen at Raphael's (*) tomb in the Pantheon first meets one admirer while viewing a Praxiteles statue. In this novel, the Capuchin Antonio stalk his former fiancee, a relationship that ends when the protagonist throws Antonio from the Tarpeian Rock. For 10 points, Miriam magically convinces Donatello to commit murder in what novel of Nathaniel Hawthorne?.;;(The) Marble Faun
;;One holder of this office was supported by the aristocratic gamoroi. Another holder of this office reached a treaty with Carthage that kept that empire to the west of the Halycus River. (*) Plato was invited to advise at the court of one of these people, Dion, and another, Dionysus, made a point about his precarious life by suspending a sword above his admirer, Damocles. In addition, Agathocles, Gelon, Hierons all held, for 10 points, what usurpatory office in a Greek colony on Sicily?.;;tyrant of Syracuse|king of Syracuse
;;Late in life, he wrote about how his memory was affected by age in Before the Sabbath. His aphorism collection The Passionate State of Mind was inspired by his admiration for Montaigne. In his major work, he describes how those dissatisfied with the (*) present and prone to failure turn to interchangeable ideologies such as Nazism and Communism. For 10 points, name this man who worked as a longshoreman and had no formal education, but nonetheless wrote such books as The Ordeal of Change and The True Believer.;;(Eric) Hoffer
;;One figure of this name is the sibling of Dag and Sigrun, and was slain at the Battle of Frekastein. Another figure of this name is the son of Halfdan the Old, but the best known figure with this name offers an arm ring, sword, and horse to Loki and is accused of killing his wife's (*) brother. That figure has runes carved on his tongue, is married to Iunn, and welcomes newcomers to Valhalla. Oaths are sworn on the cup of, for 10 points, what Norse god of poetry?.;;Bragi
;;Written during World War I, it states "too many peasants fight, they know not why" and predicts that "the Workers Earth" will bring "long peace to Cornland, Alp and Sea." It begins by noting "it is portentous, and a thing of state" that the title event is happening "in our little townnear the old court-house." (*) For 10 points, name this poem about a "bronzed, lank man" with "suit of ancient black" and a "high top-hat," who is pacing through Springfield, Illinois according to Vachel Lindsay.;;Abraham Lincoln Walks at Midnight (in) (Springfield(,)) (Illinois)
;;In Godard's A Woman is a Woman, the female lead of this other movie is asked how its filming is going.  This film was based on a book by Henri-Pierre Roche, a roman a clef involving Marcel Duchamp. In this movie, the smile of a Greek sculpture is compared to that of Jeanne (*) Moreau's character, who gives birth to a daughter played by a young Sabine Haudepin. Oskar Werner and Henri Serre play the title characters, who agree to a lengthy love triangle with Catherine. For 10 points, name this 1962 film directed by Francois Truffaut.;;Jules et Jim|Jules and Jim
;;Anabaptists recommend it be supplemented with puzzles and responsibilities such as dish washing. Bertha Meyer was responsible for establishing these in London, Manchester and Leeds, while Margaret Schurz introduced a method for it to Elizabeth (*) Peabody, who established an English language one in Massachusetts. It had been started in Germany by Johan Pestalozzi's disciple Friedrich Frobel. For 10 points, name this game-centered early childhood education strategy.;;kindergarten
;;The children of John Chanler are known as the "orphans" of this family. One member was a prominent abolitionist who purchased a sizeable portion of Florida land where he cultivated and popularized the grapefruit. Another member was an early (*) trader of teas with China, and in the wake of the Jay Treaty he established American Fur. For 10 points, name this family, namesakes of an area in Queens and a Manhattan luxury hotel, members of whom coined "the 400" and died on the Titanic.;;(the) Astors
;;In this novel, the Scottish phrenologist Galileo Gall inadvertently becomes a gun smuggler. One character's lost glasses symbolize his unreliable reporting. That character, The Nearsighted Journalist,  represents (*) Euclides da Cunha, whose historical tract Os sertoes was the basis for much of this work. It studies the Canudos community led by the Republic-hating Antonio Conselhiero, known as "The Counselor." For 10 points, name this Mario Vargas Llosa novel about the Brazilian government's clash with a millenarian sect.;;(The) War of the End of the World|(La) guerra del fin del mundo
;;In genetics, the LicT element is an "anti"-this, and intrinsic sequences with this name form hairpins and perform their function independent of rho factor. On the moon, a line by this name (*) separates the day and night sides, while a resistor at the end of a line used to prevent reflection goes by this name. Kyle Reese is a pivotal character in a series of films by this name, which has seen namesake villains attempt to preserve the rise of Skynet. For 10 points, name this word, which names a series about John Connor.;;Terminator
;;The Treaty of Speyer prevented Denmark from entering any conflict with this entity, and one of its opponents led a successful campaign against Tunis. It acquired several territories under the leadership of Joachim II Hector, and this entity benefitted from the Treaty of Passau(*) after a conflict which saw Pope Paul III route its forces at Muhlberg. Named for a town in Thuringia, for 10 points, identify this alliance of Lutheran princes created to combat the Holy Roman Empire.;;Shmalkaldic (League)
;;One text of this religion mentions Arthur Henderson's apathy. In addition to God Passes By, another work calls for further participation in the Second Seven Year Plan, Citadel of Faith. A more famous text commands those of age 15 to 70 to pray towards the shrine of this religion's (*) founder, who wrote about the landmarks of search, love, and unity in The Seven Valleys and the Four Valleys. For 10 points, name this religion whose teachings are collected in the Kitab-i-Iqan and the Kitab-i-Aqdas, founded by Bahaullah.;;Baha'i
;;An uprising in this nation was lead by Farabundio Marti and dubbed La Matanza, and was put down by Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez. Their civil war saw the massacre of Catholic missionaries at El Mozote, and was ended by the Chapultepec Accords (*) in 1992. The FMLN party has recently won an election in this nation, which was previously led by the ARENA party. Manuel Jose Arce lead a conglomerate of this nation, Honduras, and Nicaragua. For 10 points, name this nation with capital at San Salvador.;;El Salvador
;;In wave mechanics it gives the ratio of the square of the dissipation time to the internal wave period. When this value greatly exceeds the square of the Reynolds number, forced convection effects are negligible. The product of this value and the (*) Prandtl number yields the Rayleigh number, and it governs the flow regime in natural convection. For 10 points, name this dimensionless quantity, which represents the ratio of the buoyancy force to the viscous force acting on the fluid.;;Grashof (number)
;;Subsection two of section 15 in the Charter guarantees its legality in Canada. Congressman Dingell wrote to an opponent of this asking him to "go home and stay there." BAMN rallied against (*) Ward Connerly, whose initiative agaisnt this was upheld by the Ninth Circuit. At the heart of Nixon's "Philadelphia Plan" as well as two Supreme court cases brought against Lee Bollinger of the University of Michigan, for 10 points, name this political issue that was the focus of California's Prop 209 and the case of Regents v. Bakke.;;affirmative action
;;According to Forbes, the largest institution dedicated to it is the ASA. A Yale Journal of Economics paper used direct mailing regarding this to determine the value of advertising content.  Amartya Sen's main critique of Manmohan (*) Singh's economic reforms was a lack of government support for this. 2005 was declared the year of this by the UN's Economic and Social council. A major US source of them is Kiva. Given by the Grameen bank of Muhammed Yunnus, for 10 points, name this type of small-scale funding for the impoverished,.;;microcredit|microloans
;;This country's only Caribbean colony was St. Bart's, held until 1878. The longest river in this country is the Klar-Gota, while large lakes include Vanern, Vattern, and the agriculturally important Lake Siljan (seel-yahn) and (*) Storsjon (storrs-yohn). Its largest island has its capital at Visby and is called Gotland. Ystad, Uppsala, and Malmo are among this country's largest cities. For 10 points, name this Scandinavian country with capital Stockholm.;;Sweden|Sverige
;;This man added to one famous work in his Planned Chaos, while another work charts the collapse of Germany and contains a section on "the delusion of World Planning", Omnipotent Government. This author of The Anti-Capitalistic Mentality 's most famous work states that economic laws can be derived from individual(*) materialism and introduced praxeology. For 10 points, identify this Austrian economist whose Socialism and Human Action inspired the work of Fredrich Hayek.;;(Ludwig) von Mises
;;In antenna theory it can be obtained from the superposition of one turn of the helical antenna translated along the z-axis. Its physical significance was demonstrated in an experiment in which a shielded solenoid produced interference in an external (*) field-free region. Since its divergence has no physical significance, the Lorenz gauge can be used to separate it from the electric scalar potential and its nature was elucidated in the Aharonov-Bohm experiment. For 10 points, name this vector field with a curl that equals the magnetic field.;;(magnetic) vector potential|magnetic potentia
;;Members of a group under its aegis included Joe Hunter, Joe Van Dyke and Joe Messina; that group's and that group's Melvin Ragin introduced the wah-wah pedal. That group was the subject of a 2002 documentary about its shadows. One song on this (*) label claimed that the title thing was "burning through my heart," and it was at a televised anniversary special for it that the "Moonwalk" debuted. For 10 points, name this "sound" and record label founded by Berry Gordy, that included artists such as The Temptations and Diana Ross.;;Motown (Records)
;;This man's first commission was a house in East Grinstead called Hammerwood Park, and his son helped him design the waterworks for a city in which he also designed a Custom House, New Orleans. The St Louis. Cathedral was this man's last work before his death from (*) yellow fever, and another of his works used a design originally proposed by William Thornton. For 10 points, name this proponent of Greek Revival who preceded Charles Bullfinch as architect of the U.S. Capitol, called the father of American architecture.;;(Benjamin) Latrobe
;;This narrative poem uses its ancient setting to obscure such daring sentiments as labeling God "the supreme evil." One character dreams that a fire started without heat is put out by love and rebukes the chorus for trying to comfort her pain. Two men who are chastised for obscuring their deeds with talk, (*) Toxeus and Plexippus, die during the central action of this poem, after which a head and hide are awarded to the female title figure. Althea avengers her brothers by burning the brand that controls Meleager's life in, for 10 points, what poem by Algernon Swinburne?.;;Atalanta in Calydon
;;This painter finished his career working in the Capodistria Duomo, where he illustrated the organ shutters. Earlier, he contributed an altarpiece to San Giobbe depicting The Presentation in the Temple. In Venice, his cycle on the legendary saint who was martyred with other virgnis at Cologne includes his (*) Dream of St. Ursula. It also names an item that is usually dressed with mustard, whose colors may evoke the artist's work. For 10 points, name this dish of raw, very thin meat.;;(Vittore) Carpaccio
;;A 2008 book by Washington Post reporter Patrick Tyler alleges that this man once drunkenly lambasted Jews in a swimming pool in Riyadh. The post he held at the time had opened up when Anthony Lake was rejected by Congress and John Deutch retired. He put forth a document called (*) "Worldwide Attack Matrix" that became the basis for the "war on terror" idea, and was controversially awarded a 2004 Medal of Freedom shortly after he resigned. For 10 points, name this 1997 to 2004 CIA director.;;(George) Tenet
;;In July 1934, this city was the location of "Bloody Thursday" when the longshoremen's union fought against rivals for employment. In 1975, it was where Squeaky Fromme attempted to assassinate Gerald Ford. In 1945, a two-month (*) conference in this city designed the United Nations, and in 1978, Dianne Feinstein became its mayor when former politician Dan White killed George Moscone and Harvey Milk. For 10 points, name this city which, in 1989 and 1906, suffered large earthquakes.;;San Francisco
;;Addition of this protein to histone 2B is indicative of transcriptionally active DNA, and this polypeptide modifies the lysine residues of target proteins. Viral proteins are (*) tagged with a poly chain of this protein prior to their breakdown and incorporation into major histocompatibility complex molecules. For 10 points, name this protein that marks cytosolic proteins for proteolytic degradation in proteasomes and derives it name from the Latin term for "everywhere.".;;ubiquitin
;;An excerpt from this poem, first published in Rewards And Fairies, is inscribed at Wimbledon's center court. The author of this poem said that it was intended as a condemnation of the Salisbury government and an endorsement of the (*) Jameson Raid. This poem describes risking all winnings "on one turn of pitch-and-toss," keeping one's virtue while talking with crowds, being able to "dream and not make dreams your master." For 10 points, "you'll be a man my son" according to what Kipling poem?.;;If
;;One of these was created by Elizabeth I in order to attract merchants to a harbor which had filled with silt. Another one of these had "half a church" and created a thousand pounds of income for Jacob Downing, paid by Prime Minister (*) Newcastle. One of them, Old Sarum, had three residents left, while another Dunwich, had actually fallen into the sea two centuries earlier. For 10 points, name these entities abolished by the Great Reform Bill, Parliamentary constituencies with few or no residents.;;rotten boroughs
;;Fun museums in this city's Fair Park include the Science Place and the Age of Steam Railroad Museum. Surrounding University Park and Cockrell Hill, its Theater Center was the only theater designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. Lying on the (*) Trinity River, some of its teams play at American Airlines Arena and the Cotton Bowl; others, in its suburb of Arlington. For 10 points- name this city that shares an airport with Fort Worth, the second largest in Texas.;;Dallas
;;This composer worked Prometheus Unbound into Music for a Scene from Shelley. He wrote a very short opera consisting of two couples playing the title game, where each character has a monologue. Another work sets to music selections from the (*) prologue of James Agee's A Death in the Family. Besides A Hand of Bridge and Knoxville: Summer of 1915, he wrote an opera about Anatol, who seduces both Erika and her titular aunt. For 10 points- name this composer of Vanessa and Adagio for Strings.;;(Samuel) (Osborne) Barber (II)
;;One author tied up this work's ambiguous ending in the short story "The End". A son of the protagonist is given advice by Viscacha, while that character later gives better advice to his sons. The protagonist was forced into the army, which he deserts, meeting Sergeant (*) Cruz, and he kills a black man at a dance; his son later comes back for vengeance, and the book ends before they may duel. For 10 points- name this novel about the pampas by Jose Hernandez, a notable example of gaucho literature.;;Martin Fierro
;;"The Righthand and Lefthand Kingdoms of God" and "On the Word 'Caste'" are two essays addressed to this man in The Translation of Culture. With Meyer Fortes he edited a work analyzing the organization of the Ngwato and Bemba, (*) African Political Systems. A trilogy about the Nuer followed his work which describes a collapsing roof and a certain type of "thinking;" this author claims that ascribing certain phenomena to supernatural evils is logical. For 10 points- name this author of Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande.;;(Edward) (Evan) Evans(-)Pritchard