;;Members of this faith use four or five intercalary days to prepare for a nineteen-day fast during the last of its calendar's nineteen months, and it is symbolized by a nine-pointed star. Sacred writings of this faith include The Seven Valleys and the Book of Certitude. Known for its World Centre in Haifa, Israel, and for its promotion of religious and racial unity, this is, for 10 points, what religion believing in God's gradual revelation through figures like Krishna, Jesus, and, more recently, the Bab and Baha'ullah?.;;Baha'i (Faith)
;;At the Battle of Vosges, this man defeated the Suebi forces led by Ariovistus. At the Battle of Alesia, he defeated Vercingetorix, as described in his Commentaries on the Gallic War, and, at the Battle of Pharsalus, he defeated Pompey the Great. This man also started the Roman Civil War by crossing the Rubicon. For 10 points, name this Roman statesman who, with Crassus and Pompey, formed the First Triumvirate and was assassinated by Cassius and Brutus on the Ides of March.;;(Gaius) (Julius) Caesar
;;The commonly accepted etymology of this object's name is a metaphor for gallows, and one god pierced himself with a spear and hanged himself from this object for nine days and nights in his quest to attain wisdom. This object is cared for by the Norns, and the Aesir meet at the Well of Urd under this object. Its shaking is one of the portents of Ragnarok, the squirrel Ratatosk scurries across it, and it supports the nine realms. For 10 points, name this giant ash, the "World Tree" of Norse mythology.;;Yggdrasil
;;The leader of this nation's southern region is Salva Kiir and a prominent opposition leader in this nation is the Islamist Hassan al-Turabi. The International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for this nation's president, Omar al-Bashir, who denies supporting the Janjaweed milita. With capital at Khartoum, this is, for 10 points, what African nation, site of genocide in its Darfur region.;;(Republic) (of) (the) Sudan|(Jumhuriyat) (as) Sudan
;;This state's northeastern corner contains the Endless Mountains, and this state's Laurel Highlands contain its highest point, Mount Davis. Wilkes-Barre is on the Susquehanna River in this state, and major cities include the Lehigh Valley's Allentown and Erie. Lancaster County is home to this state's namesake "Dutch". For 10 points, name this state with capital at Harrisburg, home of Pittsburgh and Philadelphia.;;Pennsylvania
;;"The History of Astronomy" is one of his Essays on Philosophical Subjects, and another work by this man talks about "different progress of opulence" and "the nature, accumulation, and employment of stock" and includes a parable about a butcher, baker, and brewer, whose self-interests promote general welfare. This man also defined a metaphor for the self-regulating nature of free markets. For 10 points, name this Scot who created the "invisible hand," the author of The Wealth of Nations.;;(Adam) Smith
;;This artist created the dream sequence for Hitchcock's Spellbound and collaborated with Luis Bunuel on the film Un Chien Andalou. This creator of Lobster Telephone also painted the "disintegration" of another of his works. That work features yellow cliffs in the upper right and ants swarming on a pocket watch in the bottom left. For 10 points, name this Spanish surrealist who painted three melting clocks in The Persistence of Memory.;;(Salvador) Dali
;;One work by this author describes a doctor's attempts to convince his town that its baths are contaminated and another sees Halvard Solness fall from a tower on the top of his home, An Enemy of the People and The Master Builder. In another play the title character commits suicide with one of her father's pistols. For 10 points, name this Norwegian playwright who wrote about Jrgen Tesman's wife and Nora Helmer's escape from the title dwelling in Hedda Gabler and A Doll's House.;;(Henrik) Ibsen
;;One form of this property is divided by thermal diffusivity in expression of the Prandtl number. When this property's value equals zero, the Navier-Stokes equations simplify into Euler's equations, and the Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial forces to this property. Its kinematic variety is measured in stokes, while its dynamic variety is measured in poise. Newtonian fluids have a constant value of, for 10 points, what measure of a fluid's resistance to flow?.;;viscosity
;;One character in this novel also serves as the protagonist of Jean Rhys' Wide Sargasso Sea. At Gateshead, the title character is abused by Mrs. Reed, and later, while at Lowood, the protagonist befriends Helen Burns, who dies of consumption. Bertha Mason burns down Thornfield Manor at the end of this work, causing the titular character and former governess to return to Edward Rochester. For 10 points, name this Victorian novel written by Charlotte Bronte.;;Jane Eyre
;;This battle saw Otto Skorzeny impersonating American troops and the perpetration of the Malmedy Massacre. After this battle, the losing side retreated to the Siegfried Line. In the siege of Bastogne during this battle, Anthony MacAuliffe replied to the German demand for surrender from his 101st Airborne Division with "Nuts." This attack in the Ardennes forest was, for 10 points, what final major German offensive of World War II?.;;Battle of the Bulge|Ardennes(-)Alsace (campaign)|(Unternehmen) Wacht am Rhein|(Operation) Watch on the Rhine|(Operation) Guard on the Rhine
;;This author wrote about his time with Mateo Ximenes in Tales of The Alhambra, and his pseudonym purportedly found some of his stories in the papers of Diedrich Knickerbocker. In one short story by this man, the protagonist sleeps in the Catskills for 20 years while in another, Brom Bones scares away Ichabod Crane. For 10 points, name this American author of The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon, which contains "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.".;;(Washington) Irving
;;Faraday's laws can be used to find the mass of a substance altered in this process. The Hall-Heroult process involves dissolving alumina in cryolite and then performing this process. This method was used by Davy to discover potassium, sodium, barium, and calcium, and performing this process on water yields hydrogen and oxygen gas. Sometimes seeing precipitates at the cathode, for 10 points, name this process in which reactions are driven by an electric current.;;electrolysis
;;This artist designed a series of paired Corinthian columns for the dome of St. Peter's Basilica and a never-built pyramid for the tomb of Pope Julius II. That tomb contains his sculpture of a horned biblical figure with a large beard. In addition to Moses, he also carved a sculpture of Mary cradling Jesus in her lap, as well as a huge sculpture of a biblical figure holding a slingshot. For 10 points, name this sculptor of the Vatican Pieta and the huge marble David.;;Michelangelo di (Lodovico) (Buonarroti) (Simoni)
;;In one work by this man, several men on a beach do nothing to help a lifeboat carrying a correspondent and an oiler. In addition to "The Open Boat," this author wrote a novel in which Pete becomes the title character's lover before she becomes a prostitute and another novel in which wavering troops are led in battle by Wilson and Henry Fleming, who receives the titular wound from a rifle butt. For 10 points, name this author of Maggie: A Girl of The Streets and The Red Badge of Courage.;;(Stephen) Crane
;;One founding story of this religion tells of five men who went into a tent expecting decapitation, starting this faith's military order, the Khalsa. That term now applies to anyone who undergoes this faith's baptism from an iron bowl of water, and such adherents carry the kirpan, a ceremonial dagger, and maintain long hair as part of the "Five K's." For 10 points, name this monotheistic religion expounded by Nanak which also counts the Adi Granth among its Gurus, a faith from the Punjab region of India whose male adherents usually wear turbans.;;Sikhism
;;One way for calculating this involves taking the arithmetic mean of the first ionization energy and the electron affinity, named after Robert Mulliken.  The bond between two atoms is polar covalent if the difference for this value between them is greater than 2.6.  Fluorine has the highest value for this on the Pauling scale. For 10 points, name this quantity that describes the tendency for atoms to attract electrons.;;(ANWER(:)) electronegativity
;;The speaker of this poem quotes Baudelaire in calling Stetson a "hypocrite lecteur" after he is shown a series of tarot cards by Madame Sostris, while in A Game of Chess, Albert's speech upon returning is interspersed with the line "hurry up please it's time."  What the Thunder Said ends with "Shantih Shantih Shantih," and this poem's section The Fire Sermon includes Tiresias. For 10 points, name this poem that begins, "April is the cruelest month," written by T.S. Eliot.;;(The) Waste Land
;;One player of this instrument's style was described as "sheets of sound." Players of this instrument include Eric Dolphy, Ornette Coleman, and Lester Young. In the title of one album, Sonny Rollins proclaims himself the "Colossus" of this instrument, and players of this instrument recorded the albums Somethin' Else, Giant Steps, and A Love Supreme.  For 10 points, name this single reed woodwind instrument, used by jazzmen such as Cannonball Adderly, Charlie "Bird" Parker, and John Coltrane.;;saxophone
;;This man wrote a poem whose speaker is "all apple orchard" where another character is "all pine." He wrote, "My little horse must think it queer/to stop without a farmhouse near" in a poem whose speaker has "miles to go before [he] sleep[s]," while another speaker notes, "Yet knowing how way leads unto way,/ I doubted if I should ever come back." For 10 points, name this author of "Mending Wall," "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening," and "The Road Not Taken.".;;(Robert) Frost
;;The speaker of one of this man's poems hears "mind-forged manacles" while wandering "through each chartered street" in the title city of "London." The speaker of another poem asks the title character "dost thou know who made thee?" while the title figure of another of this man's poems is "burning bright, in the forests of the night." For 10 points, name this British poet whose collections Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience contain "The Lamb" and "The Tyger.".;;(William) Blake
;;This band debuted with The Fourth World under the name Kara's Flowers, while, under their current name, this band released a single that claimed that the title concept "has taken its toll on me" and that the singer "won't say goodbye anymore". That song appeared this band's album Songs About Jane and another album of theirs is It Won't Be Soon Before Long. For ten points, name this band, led by Adam Levine, whose hits include "She Will Be Loved," "Makes Me Wonder," and "This Love.".;;Maroon 5
;;This novel's protagonist is exiled for seven years when the accidental explosion of his gun kills a dead man's son, and that protagonist's son later converts to Christianity. This novel's sequel, centering on the protagonist's descendants, is No Longer at Ease, and the protagonist, known for being the best wrestler in Umuofia, takes part in the ritual killing of the boy Ikemefuna. For 10 points, name this novel about Nwoye's father Okonkwo, a work of Chinua Achebe.;;Things Fall Apart
;;Free precession results when this quantity is constant, and power is the cross product of this quantity and angular velocity.  The cross product of the electric dipole moment with the electric field gives this quantity, which is also the time derivative of angular acceleration. This quantity is defined as moment of inertia times angular acceleration, and is the rotational analogue of force. For 10 points, name this quant represented by the letter tau, which is equivalent to force times distance.;;torque
;;This church's corner towers, only one of which has a clock, resemble those of Rome's St. Agnese. The nave and choir vaults are a series of miniature domes, and it contains a notable whispering gallery in a dome supported by a ring of unpaired columns.  This church replaced one that was repaired by Inigo Jones but was destroyed by fire in 1666. For 10 points, name this Baroque cathedral in London designed by Christopher Wren.;;(Answer(:)) St(.) Paul's (Cathedral)
;;This leader used the Falk Laws to combat Pius IX's influence in his nation, while the Battle of Sedan occurred in a war that this man started by editing the Ems Dispatch. This initiator of the Kulturkampf against the Catholic Chuch hosted the Congress of Berlin and united his nation through the Franco-Prussian War. While advising Wilhelm I, this man practiced Realpolitik. For 10 points, name this Prussian, the Iron Chancellor of Germany.;;(Answer(:)) (Otto) (Eduard) (Leopold) (von) Bismarck
;;This mathematician was the first to provide the solution pi squared over six to the Basel problem. DeMoivre's formula is a generalized form of one this man's most famous formulae, and his namesake characteristic is two for any convex polyhedral.  His solution to the Konigsberg Bridge Problem created the field of graph theory. For ten points, name this Swiss mathematician whose name lends itself to the number e.;;(Leonhard) Euler
;;The first movement of this composer's Serenade for Strings in C is labeled "Pezzo in sonatina form." He wrote Variations on a Rococo Theme for cello and his only unnumbered symphony was based on Byron's Manfred. His second symphony is nicknamed "Little Russian" and his sixth is also known as "Pathetique." For 10 points, name this composer who included "Trepak" and "Waltz of the Flowers" in his ballet The Nutcracker.;;(Pyotr) (Ilyich) Tchaikovsky
;;This man's works include Indian Currency and Finance and Treatise on Money, which was criticized by Friedrich Hayek, while in another work, he introduced marginal efficiency of capital and the liquidity trap to criticize monetary policy. His other ideas include a namesake "cross," the money multiplier, and aggregate supply and demand. For 10 points, name this twentieth-century British economist who opposed classicists in his General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money.;;(John) (Maynard) Keynes
;;This man's first symphony is nicknamed "Classical" for paying homage to Mozart, and he composed the score for the film Alexander Nevsky.  One of his operas has the witch Fata Morganna cause a prince to be enamored of fruit, The Love for Three Oranges.  Another of his works contains a "troika" the Lieutenant Kije Suite.  In one of his works, the bassoon represents the title character's grandfather.  For ten points, identify this composer of Peter and the Wolf.;;(Sergei) Prokofiev
;;This painter showed Turkish warriors around wounded civilians of the namesake island in Massacre at Chios.  He depicted an Assyrian king watching soldiers destroy his possessions and kill his concubines in a painting based on a Byron play, Death of Sardanapalus.  Another of his works shows a man in a top hat holding a rifle and a boy holding two pistols. For 10 points, who painted a semi-nude woman carrying the French flag through piles of debris and bodies, Liberty Leading the People?.;;(Ferdinand) (Victor) (Eugene) Delacroix
;;One god of this people killed his sister shortly after being born to a mother who was impregnated by a ball of feathers. That god is often represented as a hummingbird, while another god's name means "Smoking Mirror." These people sacrificed children to their rain god and worshipped another deity whose name means "feathered serpent." For 10 points, name this Latin American civilization whose gods included Huitzilopochtli, Tezcatlipoca, Tlaloc, and Quetzalcoatl.;;Aztecs
;;This nation, the home of the Rif Mountains, disputes a territory with the Polisario Front, and Spanish enclaves in this nation include Melilla and Ceuta. This nation, which is part of the Maghreb, contains the Atlas Mountains and disputes ownership of Western Sahara. Major cities in this nation include Tangier, Fes, and Marrakech. For 10 points, name this North African nation ruled from Rabat, with largest city Casablanca.;;(Kingdom) (of) Morocco|al Mamlaka al(-)Magribiyya
;;This man discussed the distinction between Dionysian and Apollonian character in one work, and one chapter entitled "Why I Write Such Good Books" appears in his intellectual autobiography Ecce Homo. This author of The Birth of Tragedy is also known for a statement in The Gay Science. For 10 points, name this German philosopher, who discussed the will to power in Beyond Good and Evil, posited the idea of the ubermensch, and declared that "God is dead.".;;(Friedrich) Nietzsche
;;This band recorded a song that mentions "four thousand holes in Blackburn, Lancashire" and ends with a single chord being sustained for forty-five seconds. This song, "A Day in the Life", is the final track of the album that also features "Lovely Rita" and "With a Little Help from My Friends". For 10 points, name this British band, featuring John Lennon and Paul McCartney, that recorded Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band and songs such as "Yesterday" and "Hey Jude".;;(The) Beatles
;;This man was exiled by Clodius Pulcher, prompting his defense of Titus Milo for the murder of Clodius, Pro Milonem. This consul, uncovered the Catiline conspiracy and drove Cataline out of the city. This man critiqued Marc Antony as a debaucher, for which he was killed, and his hands and tongue removed. For 10 points, name this proponent of the senate during Caesar's civil war, a noted orator.;;(Marcus) (Tullius) Cicero
;;This effect's transverse form was detected by the Ives-Stillwell experiment, and Hubble used this effect to prove the expansion of the universe. This effect is used in astronomy to measure the speed of moving galaxies because the light they produce may blue shift or red shift, which are both examples of this effect.  For 10 points, name this effect that explains the change in the frequency of waves as they move by an observer, typically demonstrated by a moving train.;;Doppler (effect)
;;One of these objects containing an emerald was used against Fulad-Zereh by Arsalan, while another is noted for its proficiency against grass and emerged from the corpse of Orochi. In addition to Shamshir and Kusanagi, one hung over the head of Damocles, and another had the inscriptions "take me up" and "cast me away" as well as a holder that would clot wounds. That one was returned by Sir Bedivere to the Lady of the Lake. For 10 points, name this object whose examples include Excalibur, King Arthur's weapon.;;swords
;;One of his poems is based on the tale of a mythological shepherd loved by Selene, and its first line states "A thing of beauty is a joy forever."  In addition to "Endymion," one of his poems states that the title creature "was not born for death, Immortal Bird," and another beginning "Thou still unravished bride of quietness!" concludes "Beauty is truth, truth beauty." For 10 points, name this Romantic poet of "Ode to a Nightingale" and "Ode on a Grecian Urn.".;;(John) Keats
;;This president's penchant for a certain game caused his staff to become known as the Poker Cabinet. This man pleaded for a "Return to Normalcy" after the trying times of World War One. This president's Secretary of the Interior was arrested after a scandal involving the sale of certain oil fields to Sinclair Oil in exchange for kickbacks, known as the Teapot Dome scandal. For 10 points, name this president whose time in office saw the start of the Roaring Twenties, and who was succeeded after his death by Calvin Coolidge.;;(Warren) (Gamaliel) Harding
;;The Jacquerie peasant uprising occurred during this war, which saw one phase ended by the Treaty of Bretigny. The last battle of this war, at Castillon, saw extensive use of cannon, and, at another battle, John II was defeated and captured by the Black Prince. The Siege of Orleans was broken by Joan of Arc during this conflict, which also saw the Battles of Poitiers, Crecy, and Agincourt. For 10 points, name this war between the French and the English that lasted more than a century.;;Hundred Years' War|Guerre de Cent Ans
;;In one of this composer's operas, Belmonte and Konstanze are captured, but pardoned by Pasha Selim.  In addition to Abduction from the Seraglio, this composer's other operas where Tamino must rescue Pamina from the Queen of the Night using the titular instrument, and another where the title character is dragged to hell at the end.  For 10 points, name this composer of Magic Flute and Don Giovanni.;;(Wolfgang) (Amadeus) Mozart
;;One figure in this novel is able to secure a tavern room by passing as a Spaniard, and that figure's wife crosses the Ohio River via floating ice and reunites with her mother in Canada. In this novel, Augustine St. Clare is killed before he can fulfill the promise made to Eva on her deathbed to free all of his slaves. George Shelby frees his slaves in the name of this novel's title figure, who dies after being beaten by Simon Legree. For 10 points, name this novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe.;;Uncle Tom's Cabin
;;One of his works shows a diamond pattern below a curved figure with a knife who is next to a figure with a feather bonnet, The Moon-Woman Cuts the Circle. Another work by this man shows his handprints and large quanities of pink with black streaks. Many of his works were influenced by his wife, Lee Krasner, including Lavender Mist and Autumn Rhythm.  For 10 points, name this abstract expressionist, a pioneer of action painting.;;(Answer(:)) (Jackson) Pollock
;;This body of water is next to the site of the 2014 Winter Olympics, Sochi. This body of water is connected by the Strait of Kerch to the Sea of Azov and to the Sea of Marmara by the Bosporus Strait. Important cities on this body of water include Sevastopol, Yalta, Odessa, and Istanbul. Located west of Russia, south of Ukraine and north of Turkey, name, for 10 points, this colorful inland sea.;;Black Sea
;;One Marie from this family married Henry IV of France, while Catherine married Henry II. After this family's overthrow, the Bonfire of the Vanities occurred and Girolamo Savonarola became the leader of a certain city. One of this family's members is the target reader of Niccolo Machiavelli's The Prince. For 10 points, name this banking and political family active in Florence between the 14th and 18th centuries, which was founded by Cosimo and included Lorenzo the Magnificent.;;Medici
;;This element's series of spectral lines named for Lyman are all ultraviolet, and all its visible spectral lines are within the Balmer series. According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, its cation is donated by acids. In addition to having isotopes like tritium and deuterium, this element's extremely strong dipole-dipole interactions, its namesake "bonds", explain the high boiling point of water. For 10 points, name this colorless gas, an element with atomic number one and symbol H.;;hydrogen
;;In one of this man's works, a sausage seller competes to win glory for Demos, The Knights. In another, a character fails to answer questions about poetry and leaves the Thinkery. One play sees Pisthetaerus acquire wings and become the supreme deity, while another sees Aeschylus and Euripides in the Underworld and features title creatures who chant "brekekekex coax coax." For 10 points, name this Greek playwright of The Clouds, The Birds, and The Frogs.;;Aristophanes
;;This author wrote about his cross country trip in a camper named Rocinante with his poodle in Travels With Charley. In another work by this author Coyotito is shot and the titular object is thrown into the sea by Kino. In addition to The Pearl, this author wrote a novella about the migrant workers George and Lennie and another work in which the Joad family leaves Oklahoma. For 10 points, name this author of Of Mice and Men and The Grapes Of Wrath.;;(John) Steinbeck
;;This man defeated Progressive Robert La Follette and Democrat John W. Davis in his only presidential election, while his Secretary of State negotiated the Kellogg Briand Pact. As governor of Massachusetts, this man dealt with the Boston Police Strike. This man preceded Herbert Hoover. For 10 points, name this "silent" thirtieth President of the United States.;;(John) (Calvin) Coolidge(,) (Jr(.))
;;This algorithm is sometimes implemented with a switch to a heap-based approach at a sufficiently deep level of recursion. This solves the problem that when operating on an array that is already in order, this algorithm degenerates to n squared running time. It works by sorting elements based on whether they are greater or less than a selected pivot and then recurring for each of those halves. For 10 points, give this O(n log n) [big-oh of n log n] sorting algorithm named for its rapidity.;;quicksort
;;This nation's eastern border was set at the Curzon line by the Peace of Riga. This nation's King Sigismund II of the Jagiellan dynasty engineered the Union of Lublin to form a commonwealth with neighboring Lithuania and this nation was thrice partitioned in the 18th century by Russia, Prussia, and Austria, while the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact divided this country between Germany and Russia. Gdansk is the home of this nation's Solidarity trade union formed by Lech Walesa. For 10 points, name this nation invaded at the start of World War II, the home of the Warsaw Ghetto.;;(Answer(:)) (Republic) (of) Poland|(Rzeczpospolita) Polska
;;This philosopher outlined four types of widely-held false beliefs, or "idols." One of his works tells of a fictional island southwest of Peru called Bensalem with an ideal research university known as "Solomon's House." In addition to The New Atlantis, other works of his, like The Advancement of Learning, advocated the use of induction. For 10 points, name this 17th century British philosopher, who declared that "Knowledge is power" and refined the scientific method in his Novum Organum.;;(Sir) (Francis) Bacon
;;One example of this man's namesake paradox states that no one desires evil, and he taught the leader of the pro-Spartan Thirty Tyrants, Critias. This man discusses the meaning of justice in one student's dialogue The Republic, and his namesake method describes a dialectic means of cross-examination. For 10 points, name this Greek philosopher whose defense before his death from drinking hemlock after being tried for corrupting the youth of Athens was recorded by Plato in the Apology.;;Socrates
;;This man claimed that, during a 2002 debate with Kathleen Townsend, Oreos were thrown at him, and this man lost his 2006 senate bid to Ben Cardin. This man beat Katon Dawson and Ken Blackwell to gain his current position where he claimed that "I don't do policy" in response to a health care question. This Maryland politician wants to bring the GOP "off the hook" PR, in "urban-suburban hip-hop settings," and recently sparred with Rush Limbaugh. For ten points, name this current Republican National Committee chairman.;;(Michael) Steele
;;This man published his Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs but was not considering publishing his most famous finding until urged by Charles Lyell.  Most of his evidence for his most famous theory had been accumulated on a voyage on the HMS Beagle to the Galapagos Islands, where he studied finches.  For 10 points, name this author of The Descent of Man and On the Origin of Species, the originator of the theory or natural selection.;;(Charles) Darwin
;;Chalcedony is an intergrowth of this mineral and moganite. This mineral is found below muscovite at the bottom of the Bowen's Reaction Series. The piezoelectric properties of this mineral make it commonly used for crystal oscillators. This mineral has a value of seven on the Mohs Hardness Scale, and forms of it include rose, smoky, and amethyst. For 10 points, name this silica mineral that is the second most common in the crust.;;(Answer(:)) Quartz
;;One of these creatures with a woman's head was slain by Zeus in order to free the Cyclopes and Hecatonchires. Another had its teeth planted in a field by Jason, while a third possessed Andvari's gold. In addition to Fafnir and Nidhogg, one of these creatures, Ladon, guarded the golden apples of the Hesperides and another, which was holding a princess hostage, was slain by Saint George. For 10 points, name these really big mythological flying lizards that breathe fire.;;Dragons (Accept) (equivalents)
;;Darley and Latane's study of this phenomenon involved the completion of surveys as a room filled with smoke. An example occurred on a New York street with the repeated stabbing of Kitty Genovese, and it is attributed to social influences and diffusion of responsibility as the number of people at a scene increases. For 10 points, name this psychological effect which sees the presence of others discourage individuals from reacting to emergency situations.;;bystander (effect) (Prompt) (on) (Kitty) Genovese effect
;;One work by this artist shows two men at a table studying a certain commodity. In addition to The New Orleans Cotton Exchange, this man painted a disheveled man at a table smoking a pipe next to a woman looking at an alcoholic beverage in L'Absinthe. This man, who sculpted Star, also depicted young girls performing arabesques and at a barre. For 10 points, name this Impressionist painter of ballerinas.;;(Answer(:)) (Edgar) Degas
;;One essay by this man answers the title question as emergence from immaturity, "What Is Enlightenment?." This author of Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals discusses the aesthetic and teleological varieties of the title concept in one work and discusses ethics in another. This  author of the Critique of Judgment also discussed the categorical imperative. For 10 points, name this German philosopher who wrote the Critique of Practical Reason and the Critique of Pure Reason.;;(Immanuel) Kant
;;Reindeer Lake lies on the eastern border of this province and Lake Athabasca on the western border. Swift Current and Moose Jaw are to the south, and the Assiniboine River flows through the capital of this province. Bordered by the Northwest Territories to the north, Manitoba to the east, and Alberta to the west, this is, for ten points, what Canadian province whose cities include its provinicial capital, Regina, and Saskatoon?.;;Saskatchewan
;;In one work by this author, Harry dies of gangrene in Africa. In addition to "The Snows of Kilimanjaro," this man wrote a novel in which Robert Cohn beats up Pedro Romero over Lady Brett Ashley, who is also loved by Jake Barnes. In one short story, Manolin comforts an aged fisherman after sharks eat that fisherman's huge marlin. For 10 points, name this creator of Santiago and author of The Sun Also Rises and "The Old Man and the Sea.".;;(Ernest) Hemingway
;;The Schuman Declaration led to the formation of a predecessor of this organization, and most of this organization's member states lie within the Schengen Area. This group was led by the Delors Commission in its early years and developed from a community based on coal and steel. This organization is seeking reform through the Treaty of Lisbon and was originally established by the Treaty of Maastricht. For 10 points, name this community that unites France, Britain, and 25 other nations on a certain continent.;;European Union|EU
;;In this novel, a Shakespearean actress from the slums of London calls her lover "Prince Charming." That character, Sibyl Vane, commits suicide after being rejected by the protagonist, whose appearance fools her brother, while Lord Henry Wotton's influence corrupts the title character into wishing to remain young as Basil Hallward's likeness of him ages. For 10 points, name this novel in which the title character destroys the titular portrait, the only novel of Oscar Wilde.;;(The) Picture of Dorian Gray
;;In one novel, this man wrote about silver mine owner Charles Gould in the troubled nation of Costaguana, and in another novel by this author of Nostromo and The Secret Agent, Doramin shoots the title character, who had abandoned a sinking ship full of pilgrims on a trip to Mecca, the Patna. That novel is narrated by a character who travels the Congo River in search of Kurtz in another work, Marlow. For 10 points, name this author of Lord Jim and Heart of Darkness.;;(Joseph) Conrad (Accept) (Josef) (Teodor) (Konrad) (Nalecz) Korzeniowski
;;This man's commander Manuel Fernandez Castrillon died in one battle, resulting in the signing of the Treaty of Velasco in addition to this man's capture, while this man ordered for prisoners in Fort Defiance to be executed in the Goliad Massacre. A previous battle that this man won at a namesake mission saw the death of every defender of the mission, in addition to William Travis, James Bowie, and Davy Crockett. For 10 points, name this Mexican general, defeated at the Battle of San Jacinto and victorious at the Alamo.;;(Antonio) (de) (Padua) (Maria) (Severino) (Lopez) (de) Santa Anna (y) (Perez) (de) (Lebron)
;;In one of this man's works, Tusenbach dies in a duel fought over one of the title characters, and in another, Lopakhin buys the title property, which had been managed by Gaev for Madame Ranevsky. This author of Three Sisters also wrote a play in which the title character works on the estate of his niece Sonya, and this author of The Cherry Orchard told of Konstantin's love for Nina and his suicide in The Seagull. For 10 points, name this Russian playwright of Uncle Vanya.;;(Anton) (Pavlovich) Chekhov
;;The Hammett function calculates a related quantity to this value when this is too extreme for conventional means.  This quantity is related to pKa and the log of two related quantities via the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, and along with changing temperature, changes in this value can denature proteins.  Defined as the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions, for 10 points, name this scale, ranging from zero to fourteen, for which water has a value of seven.;;pH|power of hydrogen
;;This molecule was originally isolated by Macleod and Banting, and has a zinc ion center. Aiding the expression of PFK 2, this protein decreases gluconeogenesis and increases glycogen synthesis. This hormone is produced by beta cells in the islets of Langerhans, located in the pancreas. For 10 points, name this hormone which decreases the blood sugar level, is antagonistic to glucagon, and whose deficiency is the cause of diabetes mellitus.;;(Answer(:)) insulin
;;This author wrote about Winston Niles Rumfoord and his dog Kazak, who become trapped in a chronosynclastic infundibulum, in The Sirens of Titan. In another novel by this man, a chemical known as Ice-9 threatens civilization, while in another work, he created a character who is imprisoned with Montana Wildhack in a zoo on Tramalfadore after becoming "unstuck in time." For 10 points, name this creator of Billy Pilgrim, author of Cat's Cradle and Slaughterhouse Five.;;(Kurt) Vonnegut(,) (Jr(.))
;;This novel's protagonist refuses to wear clothes after Snowden dies in his arms and signs letters as Washington Irving. That protagonist learns that Orr escaped to Sweden, and his friend Dunbar was "disappeared" during a hospital riot. This novel describes a squadron on Pianosa commanded by Colonel Cathcart whose mess officer is Milo Minderbinder. For 10 points, name this novel in which the protagonist flies 71 missions, a work about Major Major and Yossarian by Joseph Heller.;;Catch(-)22
;;This man attempted to get southern electors to vote for Thomas Pinckney in an attempt to hinder John Adams. This man's campaigning for Morgan Lewis for Governor of New York resulted in this man's death. This man effectively commanded the US Army during the Quasi War with France. In addition to being one of George Washington's closest confidantes, this man was one of the authors of the Federalist Papers and served as the first Secretary of the Treasury. For 10 points, name this man who was killed in a duel by Aaron Burr.;;(Alexander) Hamilton
;;In this novel, Valeria leaves her husband and later dies, leading him to eventually move to America. There that character marries Charlotte, who is killed in a hit and run, and Gustave Trapp later checks Charlotte's daughter out of the hospital. The title character of this novel earns a part in The Enchanted Hunters, a play by Clare Quilty. That character, Dolores Haze, is loved by Humbert Humbert, who bestows on her the titular nickname. For 10 points, name this novel by Vladimir Nabokov.;;Lolita
;;This man wrote extensively about the "Miracle of Chile," and also argued that government policies turned a "garden-variety recession" into the "Great Contraction" from 1929 to 1933. His reinterpretation of Keynes' consumption function became the "permanent income hypothesis," and this author of Capitalism and Freedom focused on government-caused inflation and the money supply in his theory of monetarism. For 10 points, name this conservative Chicago School economist.;;(Milton) Friedman
;;In this nation, the Khorat Plateau creates eastern highlands. The Chao Phraya River flows through this nation's largest city and into this country's namesake gulf. This nations's northern border is formed by the Mekong River. This nation's major cities include Chiang Mai and Phuket, and it is bordered by Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, and Malaysia. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian nation, with capital at Bangkok.;;(Kingdom) (of) Thailand|(Ratcha) (Anachak) Thai|(Prathet) Thai
;;This designer of the Bayreuth [BYE-royt] Festival Theater included the "Liebestod" aria in Tristan and Isolde, and he composed a wedding march for Lohengrin.  His four-part opera cycle follows Siegfried and Brunnhilde, beginning with The Rhine Gold and ending with Gotterdamerung, or Twilight of the Gods. For 10 points, name this German Romantic composer of The Ring of the Nibelung, which includes the "Ride of the Valkyries".;;(Richard) Wagner
;;This war's last major battle was the Siege of Kars, and Lord Raglan commanded the British forces. The hospital at Scutari was run by Florence Nightingale, and major battles in this war occurred at Alma, Inkerman, Sebastopol, and the site of the Charge of the Light Brigade, Balaclava. For 10 points, name this war between allied Turkish, British, and French forces and Russia, named for an Eastern European peninsula.;;Crimean War
;;These structures are targeted by the DAPI stain and some proteins associated with them contain alpha-solenoid and beta-propeller folds, known as its namesake pores. Syncytia contain many of these structures. The membrane of this structure is continuous with the rough ER, and this structure contains histone proteins strung together in chromatin. For 10 points, name this cell structure present in eukaryotes in which transcription and DNA synthesis take place.;;nucleus
;;One of this planet's moons is home to Pwyll Crater, and that moon is believed to have a layer of liquid water below its surface; other moons of this planet include Adrastea and Metis.  The Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet was ripped apart upon entering the gravitational field of this planet, and the largest moon in the solar system revolves around this planet.  Home to such Galilean moons as Europa and Ganymede, this is, for 10 points, what planet, the largest in our solar system?.;;Jupiter
;;This man's study of the three body problem was published in his most famous work. The rate of a body's heat loss is proportional to the difference in the body's temperature and the surrounding temperature in his namesake Law of Cooling.  Besides inventing calculus at the same time as Leibniz, he also published a work about prisms and color, Optics. For 10 points, name this scientist, who wrote Principia, and probably discovered gravity by watching an apple fall down.;;(Isaac) Newton
;;One of his poems details two lovers separated by the Hellespont and was completed by George Chapman, "Hero and Leander." One of this man's historical plays concerns a Scythian conqueror, Tamburlaine the Great, and the title character of another of his plays falls into a burning cauldron of oil. In another play by this man, the title character summons Mephostopilis. For 10 points, name this contemporary of Shakespeare who wrote The Jew of Malta and Doctor Faustus.;;(Christopher) Marlowe
;;In one song by this band, the lead singer says that he will "distill the life inside of me" with "Pennyroyal Tea". In another song by this band, the singer swears, "[he doesn't] have a gun, "while a third tells the listener to "load up on guns and bring your friends." Songs like "Come As You Are" appear on this band's most famous album whose cover shows a baby swimming, and is called Nevermind. For 10 points, name this grunge band responsible for "Smells Like Teen Spirit," fronted by Kurt Cobain.;;Nirvana
;;In one novel by this man, Alan Breck assists a claimant to part of the Shaw estate, Davy Balfour, and another narrated by Gabriel Utterson sees a chemist trample a child outside a mysterious door. In addition to Kidnapped, this man wrote a novel in which Dr. Livesey is among the crew of the Hispaniola along with Squire Trelawney and another about a man who uses an appearance changing drug. For 10 points name this author of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Treasure Island.;;(Robert) (Louis) Stevenson
;;This warrior's wife would eventually settle in Epirus with Helenus, and Aeneas saved this warrior from Ajax. This man's son Astyanax was murdered by Neoptolemus and his own death resulted from the slaying of a man dressed in another's armor, Patroclus. After this man's death, he was dragged around the walls of Troy three times. For 10 points, name this mighty son of Priam, the husband of Andromache who was slain by Achilles.;;Hector
;;Quasi-biennial oscillation and Brewer-Dobson circulation occur in the tropical regions of this part of the Earth. Sulfur aerosols can accumulate in this area after volcanic eruptions, leading to cooler climates. The lower part of this layer contains triatomic molecules that absorb ultraviolet light. Its lower boundary is the tropopause and the mesosphere lies above it. For 10 points, name this layer of the atmosphere that includes the ozone layer.;;stratosphere
;;This politician succeeded Ted Heath as party leader and won national leadership, after the "Winter of Discontent", over James Callaghan. This figure fought to cut the expenditures of the European Economic Community, and was succeeded by John Major. This figure militarily defeated Argentina in the Falklands War, and she received support from the US under Ronald Reagan. For 10 points, name this "Iron Lady," a conservative British prime minister during the 1980s.;;(The) (Right) (Honorable) (Baroness) (Margaret) (Hilda) Thatcher
;;One work by this man considers the possibility of being deceived by an evil demon, and this man who believed that the soul resides in the pineal gland names a mind-body dualism. This author of Meditations on First Philosophy wrote a work concerned with principles of skepticism that identified the one statement he knew without doubt, Discourse on Method. For 10 points, name this philosopher who gives his name to the rectangular coordinate system and penned the phrase "Cogito ergo sum.".;;(Rene) Descartes
;;This conflict's leader wrote up a declaration in which he accused the governor of monopolizing the beaver trade. That leader also was a proponent of unlimited territorial expansion and an aggressive policy with respect to Indians. This conflict began when the Occaneechees were fired upon by colonists and, in its aftermath, Charles II recalled William Berkeley to England. Jamestown was set alight at its height, and its namesake at one point controlled most of Virginia. For 10 points, identify this 1676 colonial uprising.;;Bacon's (Rebellion)
;;This artist purportedly used a dead prostitute as a model in his Death of the Virgin and depicted two pilgrims' calloused feet in his Madonna of Loreto. He also painted a work showing a horse's rump over St. Paul, who is lying on his back with yellowed eyes, The Conversion of Paul. He is most famous, however, for a work in the Contarelli Chapel showing Jesus in a tavern pointing along a sharp beam of light at a man pointing at himself. FTP, name this painter of Calling of St. Matthew.;;(Answer(:)) (Michelangelo) (Mersi) (Da) Caravaggio
;;Electron magnetic dipole moment is often measured in units of this scientist's namesake magneton. This scientist formulated the correspondence principle and devised the idea of complementarity. Along with Heisenberg, he helped develop the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. For 10 points, name this Danish physicist whose model of the atom held that electrons travel in orbits around the nucleus.;;(Niels) Bohr
;;The ANP hormone produced in this organ inhibits the production of sodium, while the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a malfunction of this organ. Impulses from the Bundle of His are carried by Purkinje fibers in this organ, and the aorta originates here. The mitral valve separates the left atrium and ventricle of, for 10 points, which organ made of cardiac muscle that pumps blood through the body?.;;heart
;;This composer wrote "Anitra's Dance" and "Solveig's Song" in one work, and his piano concerto is in A minor. Wedding Day At Troldhaugen and To the Spring are among his set of 66 pieces for solo piano. This composer of Lyric Pieces and the Holberg Suite also wrote "Morning Mood" and "In The Hall of the Mountain King." For 10 points, name this Norwegian composer of the Ibsen-inspired Peer Gynt Suites.;;(Edvard) (Hagerup) Grieg
;;In this novel, one of few people to attend the funeral of a man mentored by Dan Cody is known as Owl-Eyes, and the narrator encounters a man with molars for cufflinks who was involved in fixing the 1919 World Series. The mechanic Wilson is among those watched by the eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleberg, and Wilson's wife Myrtle is killed by Daisy Buchanan. For 10 points, name this novel narrated by Nick Carraway about his friend, the former James Gatz, by F. Scott Fitzgerald.;;(The) Great Gatsby
;;In one of this man's works, the title character walks through the forest and unexpectedly finds his wife Faith at a witches' sabbath. This man also wrote a novel in which Phoebe brings light to a home built by a man cursed by Matthew Maule, Colonel Pyncheon, and another one in which Arthur Dimmesdale is revealed as the father of Pearl, who is the daughter of Hester Prynne. For 10 points, name this author of "Young Goodman Brown," The House of the Seven Gables, and The Scarlet Letter.;;(Nathaniel) Hawthorne
;;The Monsanto process is used to produce this compound industrially, and this compound's anhydride is an important reagent for making aspirin.  Reaction of dimethyl ether with carbon monoxide and water produces this compound, and this compound freezes to form large ice crystals, which is known as its "glacial" form. The second simplest carboxylic acid, for 10 points, name this weak acid with formula CH3COOH, most commonly found in vinegar.;;acetic (acid)|ethanoic (acid)
;;This psychologist worked with mail envelopes in his "lost-letter" and "small world" experiments, estimating about six degrees of separation in the latter. He used two settings, an urban back alley and Yale University, for an experiment inspired by the trial of Adolf Eichmann which tested "obedience to authority;" that experiment had a paid actor whose screams were mostly disregarded. For 10 points, name this psychologist who showed that many people would follow orders to deliver increasingly harmful electric shocks.;;(Stanley) Milgram
;;On this album, comments such as "I've always been mad, I know I've been mad, like the most of us have" can be heard in the background. One song ends with pacing footsteps after the sound of a plane crashing; that song is "On the Run." Others include "Speak to Me," "Brain Damage," "Time," "Us and Them", and one song with cash register sound effects, "Money". This album supposedly syncs with The Wizard of Oz, in addition to having a prism refracting light on the cover. For 10 points, name this Pink Floyd album, named for an astronomical location.;;(The) Dark Side of the Moon
;;In this poem, a pilot's boy says "Full plain I see/The devil knows how to row" when the speaker is rescued from a sinking ship. That speaker recounts his story to a "hermit good" and laments that his ship was trapped with no wind and "water, water everywhere, nor any drop to drink." For 10 points, name this poem in which the speaker tells a Wedding Guest of the misfortunes that resulted from shooting an albatross, a work by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.;;(The) Rime of the Ancient Mariner
;;This scientist's work on the stellating polyhedra led his name, along with Poinsot, to those shapes.  He published his Cosmographic Mysteries before he discovered that the sun is the focus of an ellipse, and that the cubes of periods of revolution are equal to the squares of the radii of planetary orbits.  The student of Tycho Brahe, for 10 points, name this scientist with three namesake laws of planetary motion.;;(Johannes) Kepler
;;One of this group's central beliefs was that truth can be distinguished logically from fallacy, and another tenet was that of "pneuma," or the breath of life. Like Plato, they considered the four cardinal virtues to be wisdom, courage, justice, and temperance. Its members included Seneca the Younger, Marcus Aurelius, and its founder, Zeno of Citium. For 10 points, name this group of Greek philosophers who advocated high levels of personal discipline over material wealth.;;Stoics (Accept) (word) (forms)
;;One way to find them is with a Sieve of Eratosthenes, and Golbach's Conjecture states that every number greater than 2 can be written as the sum of two of these numbers. Euler proved that the sum of their reciprocals diverges, while the fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that all natural numbers can be uniquely factorized into them. For ten points, name these numbers divisible only by one and themselves.;;Prime (numbers)
;;This country was the site of the Battle of Culloden, which ended the Jacobite Rising. Forces of this country won the battles of Stirling Bridge and Falkirk during this country's war of independence, in which Edward Longshanks was defeated by men such as Robert the Bruce and William Wallace. For 10 points, name this constituent country of the United Kingdom, with largest city of Glasgow and a capital of Edinburgh.;;Scotland|Alba
;;This man wrote of a woman who "hath no loyal knight, and true" as well as a poem in which he chronicles the deeds of King Arthur's knights. In addition to "The Lady of Shalott" and "The Idylls of the King," this poet wrote that it is "far better to have loved and lost/than never to have loved at all" in his "In Memoriam" and also wrote the lines "Half a league onward/All in the Valley of Death/Rode the six hundred." For 10 points, name this British poet of "The Charge of the Light Brigade.".;;(Alfred(,)) (Lord) Tennyson
;;In one episode of this show, one character attempts to create Nuevo Jerusalem in the desert after losing faith in his intelligence. Another character's shyness around women has only been cured by experimental pharmaceuticals. That second character is Rajesh, while another character in this show, Howard Wolowitz, only has a master's degree. Penny lives across the hall from Leonard Hofstadter and Sheldon Cooper, in, for 10 points, what CBS sitcom about some physicists?.;;(The) Big Bang Theory
;;This empire's semi-legendary founder was born to "buffalo woman," and the region this empire ruled later became French Sudan. After this empire's downfall, the region was ruled by the Songhai. One leader of this empire, which was founded by Sundiata, vastly lowered the price of gold by giving away massive amounts traveling to Mecca. That leader was Mansa Musa. For 10 points, name this West African empire, which names a country with capital at Bamako.;;Mali (Empire)
;;A double one of these devices exhibits chaotic motion.  Bullet speed can be calculated with a "ballistic" one of these devices, while a "physical" one has a massive rod.  The one of Foucault's demonstrated that the earth rotated, and it is helpful to use the approximation sin theta equals theta for problems involving this system.  Exhibiting simple harmonic motion, for 10 points, name this device, the simplest of which is a bob at the end of a string.;;pendulum
;;This god and a mortal both slept with Aethra in one night, thereby fathering Theseus. This god interfered with the voyage of Odysseus after he blinded this god's son, the Cyclops Polyphemus, and this god known as Earthshaker was infuriated when his gift of a saltwater spring was outdone by Athena's olive tree to win the city of Athens. His children with his wife Amphitrite include his son Triton. For 10 points, name this creator of horses, the trident-wielding Greek god of the sea.;;Poseidon
;;This man wrote Discord Among the Enemy and The Edge of the Sword, and he argued for mechanized warfare and the building of tanks in The Army of the Future. This man was president during student rioting in May 1968. This man became president of his country after a rebellion in Algeria, and was succeeded by Georges Pompidou. For 10 points, name this leader of the Free French during World War II, who later founded the French Fifth Republic.;;(Charles) (Andre) (Joseph) (Marie) de Gaulle
;;A morose looking family of clowns is featured in this man's Family of Saltimbanques.  One of his more famous paintings was originally supposed to have two more figures, and that painting features a nude prostitute whose face is an African mask.  His Blue Period produced such works as the Old Guitarist, and a more distinctive period produced the aforementioned Les Demoiselles d'Avignon.  Co-founder of Cubism with Georges Braque, for 10 points, name this Spanish artist who painted the black-and-white mural Guernica.;;(Pablo) (Ruiz) (y) Picasso
;;During this war, the Battle of Bladensburg allowed the capture of one side's capital. The bloodiest battle of this war was Lundy's Lane. Northern Federalists discussed succession at the Hartford Convention during this war. Events during this war include Oliver Hazard Perry's victory at Lake Erie, Andrew Jackson winning at New Orleans after the official end of the war, and the burning of the White House. Ending with the Treaty of Ghent, name, for 10 points, this "second war of independence," fought between American and British forces.;;War of 1812
;;This man led William Jenkins Worth's men down La Veronica Causeway before he was wounded at the Battle of Chapultepec. He was promoted after the wounding of Joseph Johnston at Seven Pines. At Harper's Ferry, he captured John Brown. This man won the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Second Bull Run while commanding the Army of Northern Virginia. For 10 points, name this General-in-Chief of the Confederate forces during the American Civil War.;;(Robert) (Edward) Lee
;;The protagonist of this novel is introduced to a life of crime by Jack Duane, whom he meets after attacking a bartender who tried to short-change him. The central figure is given jail time for attacking his wife's boss, resulting in him being blacklisted and having to find work in a machinery factory. This novel ends with the protagonist attending a Socialist rally and centers on the problems of Lithuanian immigrant Jurgis Rudkus. For 10 points, name this muckraking novel by Upton Sinclair.;;(The) Jungle
;;An affair in this work is almost revealed through the theft of two of twelve diamond studs that are retrieved by the protagonist, and that affair is aided by Constance. The queen's affair with the Duke of Buckingham ends with his death, and this novel sees much scheming by Cardinal Richlieu, as well as the treacherous Lady de Winter. For 10 points, name this novel by Alexandre Dumas whose title characters Athos, Porthos, and Aramis befriend the young D'Artagnan.;;(The) Three Musketeers (Accept) (Les) Trois Mousquetaires
;;Book 3 of one of this man's works states "To Carthage I came" and describes his studies there, and he blames pagans for the world's problems in another. This man describes how he followed Manichaeism for nine years in one work, and Book 9 of that work mentions the death of this man's mother Monica. This author of City of God was baptized by Saint Ambrose of Milan. For 10 points, name this fifth century Roman saint who described his youthful sins and later conversion in his Confessions.;;(Saint) Augustine (of) (Hippo)
;;This quantity divided by surface area is equal to surface tension. For a redox reaction, this quantity is defined as the Faraday constant times the number of moles of electrons times the electric potential, and negative values of this quantity indicate that a reaction is spontaneous.  Defined as the change in enthalpy minus the product of temperature and change in entropy, for 10 points, name this thermodynamic quantity symbolized G, a measure of available useful work in a system.;;Gibbs free energy
;;This nation includes the Merida and Sierra de Perija mountain ranges and the Catatumbo River. Major cities in this nation include Ciudad Guyana, Barquisimento, and, despite not being Spain, Valencia. This nation contains most of the Orinoco River, and two thirds of this nation's oil production occurs at its largest lake, which is also the largest lake in South America, Lake Maracaibo. For 10 points, name this nation with capital at Caracas.;;(Bolivarian) (Republic) (of) Venezuela|(Republica) (Bolivariana) (de) Venezuela
;;This man completed White Negress, and he was also known for such outdoor sculptures as Table of Silence.  He also designed a funerary pillar at Targu Jiu which stands nearly a hundred feet tall, the Endless Column. He is perhaps more famous for extremely phallic sculptures such as Princess X, and he made a large number of copies of his Sleeping Muse. For 10 points, name this Romanian sculptor of Bird in Space series.;;(Constantin) Brancusi
;;This man clashed with David Ricardo on the subject of the Corn Laws, as well as on the title subject of this man's work An Inquiry into the Nature and Progress of Rent. One of his theories states that one societal quantity grows geometrically while another grows arithmetically. For 10 points, name this British economist who theorized in An Essay on the Principle of Population that the world's population growth would outstrip its ability to produce food.;;(Thomas) (Robert) Malthus
;;This figure defeats a fire-breathing monster beneath the Aventine Hill, Cacus, in the Aeneid. Lovers of this figure included Iole and Deianira, who gave him a robe poisoned with the blood of Nessus, killing him. After his death, his bow and arrows were taken up by Philoctetes. Also notable for diverting a river to clean the Augean stables and for fighting the Nemean Lion, this is, for 10 points, what Greek hero who slew the Hydra as part of twelve labors employing his incredible strength?.;;Heracles|Hercules
;;This nation granted one of its colonies independence by the Alvor Agreement, and the Carnation Revolution occurred in this nation. Former colonies of this nation include Mozambique and Angola. This nation was ruled by an authoritarian state called Estado Novo, which was developed by Antonio Salazar. Bartholomew Dias and Vasco da Gama were explorers from this nation, which promoted exploration under Prince Henry the Navigator. For 10 points, name this nation that was struck by a 1755 earthquake in Lisbon.;;Portugal|Portuguese Republic|Republica Portuguesa
;;One character in this play becomes depressed after learning that Rosaline has taken a vow of celibacy, while another says "ask for me tomorrow, and you shall find me a grave man" after he is mortally wounded by Tybalt. In this play, a message about a faked death is delayed by a quarantine and Friar Lawrence marries two characters, one of whom compares the other to a rose while below her balcony. For 10 points, name this Shakespearean play about star-crossed lovers.;;Romeo and Juliet
;;They are often represented exponentially in phasor form, and every point in the Argand plane is one of these. One can raise them to the nth power using Demoivre's theorem, and like vectors, they are sometimes represented using polar coordinates, in the form cis theta. Often represented as A plus B I, for ten points, name this set of numbers with real and imaginary components.;;complex (numbers)
;;While debating this bill, William Seward delivered the Higher Law speech. It organized Utah and New Mexico as territories and abolished the slave trade in the District of Columbia. Also including an updated version of the Fugitive Slave Act, this bill allowed for the admission of California as a free state. Engineered by Henry Clay thirty years after the Missouri Compromise, this is, for 10 points, what compromise that attempted to solve the issue of slavery.;;Compromise of 1850
;;In one play by this man, Khlestakov impersonates the title character, and in another work, a certain body part walks down Nevsky Prospect impersonating a state councilor. In addition to The Inspector General and "The Nose," this man wrote a work in which Akakiy Akakiyevich prizes the title item of clothing and a novel in which the names of serfs whose deaths have not been recorded by a census are bought by Tchitchikov. For 10 points, name this author of "The Overcoat" and Dead Souls.;;(Nikolai) Gogol
;;Derivation from the second law of thermodynamics yields that this quantity is equal to change in energy over the change in entropy.  Root mean square speed is defined as the square root of three times the gas constant times this quantity over molecular mass. An isothermal process is one in which this quantity stays constant.  Measuring the average amount of kinetic energy, for 10 points, name this quantity that can be measured in Rankines, Kelvins, and degrees Celsius.;;temperature
;;This man penned a work in which twenty-one dead pilots and the suicide of Larry weigh on the conscience of Joe Keller and eventually drive him to suicide, All My Sons. This author also wrote a play in which Rebecca Nurse and John Proctor are among those accused of witchcraft and one about the father of Biff and Happy who commits suicide for insurance money, Willy Loman. For 10 points, identify this author of The Crucible and Death of a Salesman.;;(Arthur) Miller
;;The speaker of one of this man's poems, a shepherd, tells of a legendary student in "The Scholar Gypsy." The speaker of another poem by this author of "Thyrsis" exclaims "ah, love, let us be true to one another!" and mentions a sound of the title location similar to one heard from the Aegean by Sophocles. That poem by this author compares the title location to a "darkling plain" "where ignorant armies clash by night." For 10 points, name this British poet of "Dover Beach.".;;(Matthew) Arnold
;;This man allied himself with troops sent to stop him by Diego Velazquez, the governor of Cuba, and this man was criticized by Bartolome de las Casas. His troops escaped across Lake Texcoco after they began the Noche Triste massacre, which included the death of a figure who mistook this man for Quetzalcoatl. He established New Spain after winning the siege of Tenochtitlan. For 10 points, name this Spanish conquistador who conquered Montezuma II and the Aztecs.;;(Hernan) Cortes (de) (Monroy) (y) (Pizarro(,)) First Marques del Valle de Oaxaca
;;This man described the trilemma in Mere Christianity, and in another work The Patient is notably not damned thanks to the demon Wormwood's incompetence, The Screwtape Letters. This man also wrote a work in which the mouse Reepicheep fights against the usurper Miraz and another in which Edmund tastes Turkish Delight and the White Witch is defeated by the Pevensie children and the lion Aslan. For 10 points, name this author whose Prince Caspian and The Lion, The Witch, and the Wardrobe are part of The Chronicles of Narnia.;;(Clive) (Staples) Lewis
;;This man's namesake elimination method is useful in solving matrices.  In physics, the law that states that electric flux through a closed surface is equal to the charge enclosed divided by epsilon naught is his namesake law, and he proved the law of quadratic reciprocity as well as the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra.  For 10 points, name this mathematician who legendarily summed up the first 100 integers in his head.;;(Carl) (Friedrich) Gauss
;;This person collaborated with James Baldwin on A Rap on Race and noted that females are the dominant figures in the Chambri Lake region in Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies. She interviewed 68 women between the ages of 9 and 20 for another work, and that book, criticized by Derek Freeman, studies the sexual development of adolescents in Polynesia. For 10 points, name this American anthropologist who wrote Coming of Age in Samoa.;;(Margaret) Mead
;;Characters in this novel include Gerard Duval, a Frenchman who is stabbed to death by the protagonist. The protagonist has friends named Detering and Tjaden, both of whom are treated harshly by Himmelstoss. The protagonist and his schoolmates enlist in the army under the guidance of the schoolteacher Kantorek and serve along with the older Kat. For 10 points, name this novel about Paul Baumer's service in World War I, a work of Erich Maria Remarque.;;All Quiet on the Western Front
;;This man resolved the "ultraviolet catastrophe" by introducing his namesake law of radiation, which describes the electromagnetic radiation of all wavelengths at any temperature. In a hydrogen atom, angular momentum is quantized in units of the reduced form of his constant. In quantum mechanics, his law describes the direct relationship between a photon's energy and its frequency. For 10 points, name this scientist whose eponymous constant is symbolized with a lower-case h.;;(Max) Planck
;;This treaty was modified by the Dawes and Young plans, and Italy was represented by Vittorio Orlando during its negotiation. This treaty had a "war guilt clause," and Henry Cabot Lodge kept the U.S. senate from ratifying this treaty. This treaty, negotiated partially by Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd George, and Woodrow Wilson, limited the size of the German army. For 10 points, name this treaty signed at the end of World War I in a namesake French palace.;;(Treaty) (of) Versailles
;;In Egyptian mythology, one of these was identified by markings on its forehead and tongue, taken to live in a temple until it was sacrificed, and thought of as the manifestation of the god Apis. Daedalus built a wooden one because a large white one sent by Poseidon was loved by Pasiphae, the wife of King Minos, and eventually became the father of the Minotaur. For 10 points, name these large creatures, the Cretan variety of which was taken away by Heracles and became the constellation Taurus.;;bull|cow (Accept) (equivalents)
;;This quantity is the slope of the graph relating the logarithm of the rate constant to the reciprocal of  temperature.  It is proportional to the natural logarithm of the frequency factor, and the equation used to calculate this quantity involves a steric factor; that equation is the Arrhenius equation.  Lowered by catalysts and represented as Ea [E sub A], for 10 points, name this quantity that gives the minimum amount of energy necessary for a reaction to take place.;;activation energy
;;At the end of this film, the two main characters count red and blue cars. One character is referred to as "the small mailman", while another character is stuck in the Cone of Shame. In this film, Ellie idolizes the explorer Charles Muntz and Dug, a talking Golden Retriever, proclaims that he wants to take the bird Kevin his prisoner, while the Wilderness Explorer Russell and Carl Frederickson fly to Paradise Falls in Carl's house. For 10 points, name this Pixar movie.;;Up
;;Hashimoto's disease in this organ results in under production of this organ's hormones, which results in cretinism. By contrast, hyperactivity of this organ is known as Graves' disease.  TSH stimulates this organ to produce T3 and T4, and another important hormone produced by this gland opposes insulin, calcitonin. For 10 points, name this organ of the endocrine system, a swelling of which is caused by a lack of iodine and is called goiter.;;thyroid
;;This philosophy is sometimes contrasted with deontology, which sees actions as good or evil. Works by proponents of this system of thought include one describing a prison with an unseen watchmen able to see all the prisoners, Panopticon, as well as one about an individual's self-sovereignty, On Liberty. For 10 points, name this philosophy developed by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, which advocates the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.;;Utilitarianism (Accept) (word) (forms)
;;This figure won the Battle of Carabobo and issued the Decree of War to the Death. This man won in a surprise attack after a dangerous mountain crossing at the Battle of Boyaca, which ensured the freedom of New Granada. He assumed power in Peru after a meeting at Guayaquil with Jose de San Martin, and died after resigning as president of Gran Colombia. For 10 points, name this "Libertador" of South America, who gave his name to a country with two capitals at La Paz and Sucre.;;(Simon) (Jose) (Antonio) (de) (la) (Santisima) (Trinidad) Bolivar (y) (Palacios) (Ponte) (Blanco)
;;This man wrote about "a tintinnabulation that so musically wells" in "The Bells." At the end of a short story by this author, a man is sealed in by Montresor after being lured with the promise of the title wine, while in another a certain structure falls into the tarn next to it when Madeline and Roderick die. In another poem, the narrator hears "some visitor...tapping at my chamber door;" that visitor repeatedly says "Nevermore." For 10 points, identify this author of "The Fall of the House of Usher" and "The Raven.".;;(Edgar) (Allan) Poe
;;Individuals without the Duffy antigen system are believed to be immune to this disease.  This disease is usually treated with quinines, and controversy surrounds whether nations should use DDT to prevent the spread of this disease. Heterozygous sickle-cell carriers have a certain degree of protection from, for 10 points, what disease carried by Anopheles mosquitoes, and caused by the protozoan Plasmodium?.;;malaria
;;At this battle, Cuthbert Collingwood commanded the Royal Sovereign and attacked the opponent's rear. During this battle, the Bucentaure was captured, along with its commander, Pierre de Villeneuve. The British commander at this battle, who lost no ships, declared that "England expects that every man will do his duty," before being shot by a sniper. This battle prevented Napoleon from invading Britain. For 10 points, name this 1805 naval victory for Admiral Horatio Nelson with a namesake square in London.;;(Battle) (of) Trafalgar
;;In one part of this work, Nicholas and Alison deceive the old carpenter, John, while in another, a woman tells of a knight who learns that women desire power. Another part of this work sees the rooster Chanticleer escape from a fox, and in another story, Palamon and Arcite compete over Emily. The stories in this work are set at the Tabard Inn are told by the Knight, the Nun's Priest, the Wife of Bath, and the Miller, among other pilgrims. For 10 points, name this work by Geoffrey Chaucer.;;(The) Canterbury Tales
;;This composer of a Concerto in F studied under Joseph Schillinger, while a vacation in Havana inspired his Cuban Overture.  He included the sounds of car horns in his symphonic poem An American in Paris.  One of his operas is set on Catfish Row and includes the song "Summertime," while another piece by this man opens with a clarinet glissando.  For 10 points, name this American composer of Porgy and Bess and Rhapsody in Blue.;;(George) Gershwin
;;The site for this institution, whose "third" subinstitution was Monowitz, was chosen for its proximity to a huge railway junction. Rudolf Hoess administrated this institution, which had the phrase "Arbeit Macht Frei" inscribed above its gates. Joseph Mengele experimented on humans at this institution that was paired with an extermination camp at Birkenau. For 10 points, name this largest Nazi concentration camp, located in Poland.;;Auschwitz(-)Birkenau|(Konzentrationslager) Auschwitz
;;Bombolai Hill is the only volcano in this nation, which has its highest point at Low's Peak on Mt. Kinabalu. A city-state is separated from this nation by the Straits of Johor, and off its northwest coast is Penang Island. Its states of Sabah and Sarawak are separated from its capital, which is home to the Petronas Towers. For 10 points, name this nation split between Borneo and its namesake peninsula, ruled from Kuala Lumpur.;;(Answer(:)) Malaysia
;;This man's son married Hippodamia, and his daughter turned to stone after the deaths of her  fourteen children, Niobe. This king of Lydia's son possessed an ivory shoulder, as the real one was accidentally eaten by Demeter. This man had dined on nectar and ambrosia but made the mistake of attempting to deceive the gods by cooking his son Pelops. For 10 points name this figure from Greek myth punished in Tartarus by having food and water retreat from his grasp.;;Tantalus
;;Neutron-degenerate matter can become one of these entities above the Tollman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit, and quasars are often found around them. These objects have only three externally measurable properties: mass, charge, and angular momentum, according to the "no-hair theorem", and they allegedly evaporate via Hawking radiation. Physics breaks down at their singularities, inside their event horizons. For 10 points, name these incredibly dense stellar remnants from which nothing, not even light, can escape.;;black holes
;;In one of this man's works, he calls a rebel "a proponent of a new misrule who has failed to establish it." This man also wrote a short story about a man who sees gravel as precious jewels and swims away from a rifle volley and cannon shot; that man seemingly escapes hanging when the noose snaps over a bridge. For 10 points, name this author of The Devil's Dictionary who wrote about Peyton Farquhar in "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge.".;;(Ambrose) (Gwinett) Bierce
;;One novel from this country describes the magical cook Tita, Like Water for Chocolate. One author from this country wrote about the last days of Ambrose Bierce in The Old Gringo and about an ailing tycoon in The Death of Artemio Cruz. In addition to Carlos Fuentes, another author from this country wrote a poem inspired by an Aztec calendar, "Sun Stone," and discussed his countrymen's identities in The Labyrinth of Solitude. For 10 points, name this home of Octavio Paz.;;Mexico (Accept) United Mexican States
;;At high concentrations, this quantity should be calculated with activity coefficients. The van't Hoff equation relates this quantity to temperature, and the natural log of this quantity is directly proportional to the Gibbs free energy of a reaction.  Calculated without using liquid and solid species, for 10 points, name this quantity, symbolized K, which is equal to ratio of the products to the reactants when the forward reaction equals the reverse reaction.;;equilibrium constant
;;In this novel, one character kills the protagonist's older sister with a hammer, while Herbert Pocket teaches that protagonist to be a gentleman while he is living in London using money given to him by the enemy of Compeyson and arranged for him by the lawyer Mr. Jaggers. In this novel, in return for the protagonist's kindness, the convict Abel Magwitch gives him a fortune, and Estella is raised to break hearts by Miss Havisham. For 10 points, name this novel about Pip by Charles Dickens.;;Great Expectations
;;The second one of these periods made Charles Finney and Lyman Beecher famous, and it was highlighted by a camp meeting in Cane Ridge, Kentucky. One of the most successful preachers of the first of these periods was George Whitefield. During the first of these periods, Jonathan Edwards gave the sermon "Sinners in the Hands of An Angry God". For 10 points, give the name of these dramatic 18th century American religious revivals.;;Great Awakenings
;;This artist painted Joana Heffernan standing on a bearskin rug in Symphony in White, and he painted a pair of gold and green birds fighting in his Peacock Room. He also painted a man below a shower of gold sparks in a work attacked by John Ruskin and subtitled The Falling Rocket, Nocturne in Black and Gold. His Arrangement in Grey and Black, No. 2 portrays a seated woman. For 10 points, name this American artist famous for a portrait of his mother.;;(Answer(:)) (James) (Abbot) (McNeill) Whistler
;;The fourth chapter of this book permits marriage of up to four wives so long as they are treated equally. Each verse of this text is called an ayat, and it was transmitted orally until its transcription was completed under Uthman. This book can be interpreted with the help of sayings called hadith, and its 96th sura contains Gabriel's command to "recite." For 10 points, name this book, which contains the revelations of the angel Gabriel to the prophet Muhammad, the major holy book of Islam.;;Koran|Quran|Qur'an|Al(-)Qur'an
;;The upper reaches of this river are called the Jinsha River, and the Battle of Red Cliffs was fought on this river. Dongting Lake and Lake Poyang both empty into this river, which is joined by the Huangpu near its mouth. Wuhan, Nanjing, and Chongqing lie on this river that runs through the Sichuan basin. This river is also the site of a large hydroelectric dam project at its Three Gorges. For 10 points, name this river that ends near Shanghai, the longest river in China.;;(Answer(:)) Chang Jiang|Yangtze (River)
;;One of his plays sees Mae and Gooper use their children to try to control the family estate. In another of this man's plays, a "gentleman caller," Jim O'Connor, turns out to be engaged. The protagonist of another of his works dates Mitch while visiting her sister Stella, and this man created Maggie, Amanda Wingfield, and Blanche Dubois. For 10 points, name this author of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, A Streetcar Named Desire, and The Glass Menagerie.;;(Tennessee) Williams
;;Certain types of these entities have characteristic functions, which can help in finding the eigenvalues and traces of these entities. Different ones represent unique linear transformations., and operations on them include "transpose."  One quantity associated with them can solve linear equations with Cramer's Rule; that quantity, the determinant, is equal to A times D minus B times C in a "square" one of these. For 10 points, name these rectangular arrays of numbers.;;matrix|matrices
;;Possessions of this nation include Franz Joseph Land and the disputed Kuril Islands, and this country's major cities include Kazan, Yekaterinburg, and Nizhny Novgorod. This country contains the tallest mountain in Europe, Mount Elbrus, and the deepest lake in the world, Baikal. The Ural Mountains divide Asia and Europe in this country. For 10 points, name this country with capital at Moscow that is, by area, the largest in the world.;;Russian (Federation)|Rossiyskaya Federatsiya
;;This virus uses the proteins gp41 and gp120 to enter cells, and Kaposi's sarcoma, a type of skin cancer, is a sign of its progression. It sharply reduces an infected person's count of CD4+ helper T cells. AZT is shorthand for an anti-retroviral drug treatment of it, and its ongoing pandemic started in 1981. For 10 points, name this sexually-transmitted infection, a virus that usually leads to AIDS.;;HIV|Human Immunodeficiency Virus
;;This man developed a theory which attempts to predict the formation of grammatically correct sentences, and that theory is known as generative grammar. This man also published the book Syntactic Structures, which contains his idea of transformational grammar. To create a completely nonsensical phrase with correct grammar, this man coined the sentence "colorless green ideas sleep furiously." For 10 points, name this MIT linguist and leftist political commentator.;;(Avram) (Noam) Chomsky
;;Preceded by the capture of Nicosia and siege of Famagusta, this battle saw fighting between wings led by Mehmet Suluk and Barbarigo. A crisis in this battle occurred when Andrea Doria was lured away by Ali Pasha, opening up a hole in the Holy League's line. Miguel de Cervantes fought in this battle, and Don John of Austria led the victorious side. For ten points, name this 1571 naval battle that halted Ottoman expansion into the Mediterranean.;;(Battle) (of) Lepanto
;;This composer's operas include Semiramide and Tancredi.  In one of his operas, Ninetta is accused of stealing a spoon.  In another, the title character shoots an apple off the head of his son Jemmy.  Besides writing The Thieving Magpie and William Tell, he composed the aria "Largo al Factotum" for an opera in which  Count Almaviva marries Rosina with the help of Figaro.  For ten points, name this composer of The Barber of Seville.;;(Gioacchino) Rossini
;;These objects can emit surface helium flash as they accrete matter from binary companions. Their upper mass limit, about 1.44 solar masses, is named for the Indian physicist Chandrasekhar; above it, electron degeneracy pressure fails and they collapse into neutron stars. Largely incapable of undergoing fusion, this is, for 10 points, what type of faintly luminous, small stellar remnant, not to be confused with "red" and "brown" stars of the same size?.;;white dwarf
;;This man wrote about Gabriel Conroy's discovery of his wife's love for Michael Furey in the short story "The Dead." This author also wrote a novel whose protagonist loves Emma and is the nephew of Dante Riordan, as well as the collection Dubliners. This man wrote another novel featuring Stephen Daedalus in which he meets the man whose day that novel describes, Leopold Bloom. For 10 points, name this author of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses.;;(James) Joyce
;;Its speaker says that an "Andrew Jackson" is needed to stand "against the encroachments of aggregated wealth." The title phrase of this speech is preceded by a commandment not to "press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns." Given at the 1896 Democratic National Convention, this speech was in favor of the coinage of silver and bimetallism. For 10 points, identify this speech by William Jennings Bryan, in which he declares that "you shall not crucify mankind" upon the title entity.;;Cross of Gold (speech)
;;In one novel by this author, Soaphead tricks the protagonist into poisoning his landlady's dog as she pursues the title feature, and in another novel, Guitar Bains befriends but later fights Milkman Dead after a search for gold. Another of her novels sees an escaped slave from Sweet Home Plantation, Sethe, kill her daughter to prevent her from being recaptured. For 10 points, name this author of The Bluest Eye, Song of Solomon, and Beloved.;;(Toni) Morrison (Accept) (Chloe) (Anthony) Wofford
;;One structure this architect designed has an exterior with Roman brick and art glass windows and can be found in Oak Park. This architect designed a home in Wisconsin with limestone chimneys and stucco walls which has a western counterpart in Arizona. In addition to the Robie House and Taliesin, a well-known work by this man has a fireplace built of boulders, exhibiting organic design, and is also known as the Kaufman Residence. For 10 points, name this Prairie School architect of Fallingwater.;;(Frank) (Lloyd) Wright
;;This faith experienced a revival under its country's National Learning movement, and this religion's god of thunder is known as Raijin. Its creation myth is centered on a spear stirred in the water, and the Ise Jingu is one of the most important of this religion's many shrines. Its deities include Uzume and Susanowo, as well as Izanami and Izanagi, and are known as kami. For 10 points, name this religion whose chief deity is Amaterasu, an animistic religion which originated in Japan.;;Shintoism
;;This man wrote a poem about a St. Petersburg statue of Peter the Great as well as one in which Chernomor kidnaps a princess before she can marry a knight. In addition to "The Bronze Horseman" and "Ruslan and Lyudmila," this man wrote a play about the downfall of a man who had Dimitry murdered, and another work by this man sees the title character duel Lensky because of Olga and Tatyana. For 10 points, name this author of Boris Godunov and Eugene Onegin.;;(Aleksandr) Pushkin
;;Some sources conflate this god with the lunar god Khonsu. Also known as Djehuty and Hermes Trismegistus, he restored Horus' eye, and his cult was centered at Hermopolis. This god served as a mediator and also wrote the Book of the Dead. His consort was Ma'at, and at the judgment of the dead, he stood beside the scales and took down the result. For 10 points, name this powerful Egyptian god of magic, wisdom, and writing often represented as a baboon or an ibis.;;Thoth
;;In the first part of this novel, the title character stops at the Interpreter's House, where he learns about scripture, and is accompanied by Hopeful, while in the second part another protagonist is assisted by Great-Heart. This novel's protagonist must cross the River of Death, fights the demon Apollyon, and, with Faithful, travels to Vanity Fair on his journey. That protagonist is Christian, who appears in the author's dream. For 10 points, name this religious allegory by John Bunyan.;;(The) Pilgrim's Progress (From) (This) (World) (to) (That) (Which) (is) (to) (Come)