;;This man is the author of the musical treatise "Beautiful Things Evoke Goodness." A piss-poor libretto led him to withdraw his opera Into the Fire, while he had more success with Encounter with a Miracle. This man composed a pair of fluff operettas, Spring Sings and Sisters, in addition to a notable set of 24 preludes for piano, which came in the wake of his unsuccessful wartime piece The Great Homeland. This composer was also known for children's songs like "The Band of Four Friends" and "Schooldays," which he wrote while working on his first major work, "Poem of Struggle." The composer of a piano version of Bach's Toccata and Fugue in D minor, he is better-known for operas based on Gorbatov's The Unvanquished and the life of Romain Rolland along with his third symphony, the "Requiem for Lenin." For 10 points name this Russian composer of The Taras Family and Colas Breugnon.;;(Dmitry) Kabalevsky
;;This writer wrote an introduction for the English translation of noted Giorgio di Chirico novel Hebdomeros. One of this man's poems begins by noting that Oedipus "liked the glad personal quality of things beneath the sky," while he asks "OK, but which ones?" in a poem that urges people to live "the way that philosophers live." In addition to composing "Syringa" and "My Philosophy of Life," he wrote a poem in which "the saxophone wails, the martini was drained, and night like black swansdown settled on the city" and also asks "If we wanted to leave, would being naked help us?" Along with writing "Hotel Lautreamont," this man wrote a sestina which ends when Popeye scratches his balls and notes that "it sure was pleasant to spend a day in the country." That poem is "Farm Implements and Rutabagas in a Landscape," but this man's most famous poem has a turning point after "A balloon pops" and "the attention turns dully away" and ends "Here and there in cold pockets of remembrance, whispers out of time." For ten points, identify this New York poet who wrote a poem titled after something done "As Parmigianino did it," Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror.;;(John) Ashbery
;;Artsakhov demonstrated a method of modeling chaotic stabilization of binary systems outside this construct via Aarseth-Zare regularization, and chaotic transitions toward this region from quasiperiodic trajectories along KAM tori may occur via intruder scattering. The Yarkovsky Effect, gas resonance, and tidal accretion are processes which have been invoked to explain permanent allochthonous body fixation (*) within it. The product of a semi-major axis, 1 minus eccentricity, and the cube root of one third the ratio of the lesser to the greater mass gives an approximation of its namesake radius, at which motion is Keplerian. It extends between the L1 and L2 Lagrange Points, below which third-body orbitals decay toward the Roche Limit. FTP, name this region in which the strength of a planet's gravitational field exceeds the strength of the solar gravitational field, in which stable lunar orbits may exist.;;Hill (Sphere)
;;Charles Tyng was the direct caused of this incident, the final resolution of which was arranged by Augustus Caesar Dodge following the subsequent collapse of the Sartorius ministry.  One figure involved in resolving this incident had fought a duel against the Marquis de Turgot two months prior, and war almost occurred when that man unilaterally declared a forty-eight hour ultimatum for the payment of a three hundred thousand dollar indemnity.  A call for repeal of the Neutrality Act following this incident was led by John (*) Quitman.  Soon after the resolution of this incident, plans were made for a meeting in Belgium with John Mason by the man who had escalated this incident, American ambassador Pierre Soule.  This incident was resolved by Secretary of State William Marcy, who would respond to it later in the year by initiating the creation of the Ostend Manifesto.  For 10 points, name this 1854 incident in which customs officials seized the namesake American merchant vessel in Havana harbor.;;Black Warrior Affair
;;Minor characters in this work include the bothersome children Violet and Roger Antrim and the  Carringtons, whose parties the protagonist is forced to attend.  The protagonist discusses the fate of Arabella and Polinska with the author Valerie Seymour, to whom she is introduced by the playwright Jonathan Brockett. As a child, the protagonist names her pony after a maid who is fired after being caught hooking up in the garden shed, Collins, and she later becomes a rival of the Canadian Martin Hallam. Another character in this work has a secret collection of works by Kraft-Ebbing, which is found by the protagonist after a branch falls and kills that character. During her time at Morton Hall the protagonist meets the slatternly Angela Crossby, who betrays her by sharing a letter she wrote with her mother Anna. Later, while serving in the French Ambulance Corps, the protagonist meets and falls in love with Mary Llewellyn, whose departure at the end leads her to demand, "Give us also the right to our existence!" Stephen Gordon is the homosexual protagonist of, for ten points, what best-known novel by Radclyffe Hall?.;;(The) Well of Loneliness
;;One character in this show touches one of his students by his recital of the line "bare ruined choirs, where late the sweet birds sang." That character, Clancy, is an English professor at the University of Washington. Another character on this show hosts a webcam show about "Getting things Done" and had a debilitating crack habit in the 80's.  A further character on this show left after four episodes because she jumps off the age of a cliff, Betty. Kiffany is the usual waitress at Der Waffel Haus, the regular meeting place for the central group of this show, which includes Mason and a woman who frequently exclaims "I once blew" various old celebrities, Daisy Adair. The protagonist of this show's sister, Reggie, hangs a large amount of toilet seats in a tree after the protagonist's death from being hit by a toilet seat cover falling from a space station. For ten points, identify this show starring Mandy Patinkin as Rube and Ellen Muth as George Lass, which follows the exploits of a group of Grim Reapers, Showtime.;;Dead Like Me
;;Hilarity ensues in this work after a fat ugly hag attempts to seduce a furniture salesman in the showroom of his shop by taking off her skirt and tackling him. The protagonist has a nightmare in which two Mexican priests disguised as jaguars sacrifice him on an altar, and he later becomes convinced that his wife's extreme greed has led her to forgo shopping for food in favor of cannibalizing herself. He is later swindled at a pawn shop known as the "Therisianum" by four friends of a deranged hunchbacked dwarf who dreams of becoming the world chess champion and who is later viciously murdered by one of his slutty wife's lovers. The protagonist is attacked and imprisoned by his sadistic landlord, Benedikt Pfaff, but he is rescued by his brother George, who pays the protagonist's wife Therese to leave him alone with his library of 25,000 books. The novel ends with the protagonist going crazy and killing himself via the title act of self-immolation. For ten points name this novel about the sinologist Peter Kien by Elias Canetti.;;Auto(-)da(-)Fe
;;Gary Drescher wrote an article relating these things to gensyms in LISP, while J.B. Maund wrote about ways to "dual code" these by describing them on more than one level. Ramachandran and Hirstein developed three laws of them, later adding a fourth, including the importance of their relation to attention. In an article titled after the "epiphenomenal" type of these things, Frank Jackson offered a knowledge argument of them that ends by refuting physicalism entirely. Daniel Dennett wrote an article about "Quining" these things, which claims that they fail in practical application. These concepts were most notably discussed in a paper which claimed that there was a quality to all experiences missing in reductive science, Thomas Nagle's What is it Like to Be a Bat?, and philosophical zombies are identical to humans except that they lack these. For ten points, identify these concepts from the philosophy of mind which refer to the subjective qualities that characterize conscious experiences, from the Latin word for "what kind?".;;qualia
;;The activity of one enzyme which acts on this hormone is commonly used as a diagnostic tool for sarcoidosis, and blockade of this hormone inhibits the surge in Leuteinizing Hormone levels observed in mammals in the proestrous stage. Drugs which act as antagonists to the receptors of one form of this hormone are called sartans. This hormone is formed when the release of a certain hormone from juxtaglomerular cells causes its precursor to be cleaved into a decapeptide form, and that form is converted to another octapeptide form by a namesake "converting enzyme." For 10 points, identify this hormone which stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex in a namesake system along with renin, and whose name is a portmanteau for angiotonin and hypertensin.;;angiotensins
;;This work notes that a Bohemian who attempts to realize some form of liberty does so only at the expense of "turning his back on the rights that he has gained". The seventh section of this work considers the assumption of metaphysical sentiment about government, which it labels one of the "old foes with a new face." The fourth section of this work begins with an anecdote about an Arab testing his sons to find out which one loved him the most, and then considers further reasons of the titular question, "Why Man is Not a Brute." This work may be more famous for noting that there's a certain sort of man that's never thought of in its tenth section, while its eleventh section claims that its conclusions support the ideal of loving one another. Its third section claims that it is not wicked to be rich, or especially richer than one's neighbor, and its first section claims that poverty is the best policy. For ten points, identify this work which claims that the poor should be kept that way, a work by William Graham Sumner.;;What Social Classes Owe to Each Other
;;One character in this work repeatedly mutters, "No foundation. All the way down the line," while another is constantly calling Elsie Mandelspiegel. In addition to Dudley R. Bostwick, this work features a character who expounds on the dichotomy between "workers" and "heels." Entertainers in this work include the Black piano player Wesley and the aspiring comedian Harry. Tom is puzzled upon being asked to buy toys for a former burlesque dancer, for whom the main character buys a bottle of champagne at the beginning of this play. A cowboy in this work claims to have fought a man with an iron claw and herded cattle with a bicycle, and the climax of this play comes when that character, Kit Carson, shoots the meddlesome vice cop Blick, who had entered the bar in which this play is set to pester the prostitute Kitty Duval. Set in Nick's Pacific Street Saloon, this is, for ten points, what play in which Joe claims that the title period should not be wasted on regrets, a work by William Saroyan?.;;(The) Time of Your Life
;;This essay underscores one of its important points by observing that "as man acts, so he thinks and feels." This essay discusses what it considers to be a mistaken anthropological notion that human society was in its genesis contentious and that their prolicivities were turned toward destruction. This essay instead argues that the instinct for destruction came aobut after the facility of people to kill increased. It also refers to a "sanction of decorum" that prevents people from complaining about a certain situation, which this essay refers to as an irrefutable "Cultural fact." This essay refers several times to a "Great body of people" who were not sportsmen, but instead turned towards turning things to human use. For ten points, identify this essay by Torstein Veblen which discusses the propensity of men to create things as a response to the sub-titular "Irksomeness of Labor.".;;The Instinct of Workmanship (and) (the) (Irksomeness) (of) (Labor)
;;In one of this man's works a naked woman is passed out face down on a blue cloth next to a pinecone, while another depicts a young woman barely covered by a blue shawl attempting to prevent Eros from piercing her heart with an arrow. In addition to The Youth of Bacchus, this artist depicted a long string of nude figures extending unsupported up toward the heavens in his Oreades. Two heavily-muscled men bite and tear at each other in front of a demon and the two title characters in his Dante and Virgil in Hell, while five women fawn over a naked winged child in his Admiration. He departed from his usual subject matter to paint Napoleon III Visiting the Flood Victims of Tarascon in 1856, which was commissioned by the state. Better-known works by this man include Destitute Family and Zenobia Discovered by Shepherds on the Bank of the River Araxes, the latter of which is indicative of the dedication to classical technique and subject matter that set him at odds with the Impressionists. For 10 points name this French academic painter.;;(William(-)Adolphe) Bouguereau
;;One character in this work attempts to woo the object of his affection by dancing in her bathroom and hiring a bum to stand outside her window with a green twig in his mouth. This work is interrupted by a fable in which the professors Philifor and Anti-Philifor shoot the limbs off each other's lovers. After his companion rapes the Youthfuls' maid the protagonist flees with him only to be set upon by villagers turned into dogs, and he later absconds with his cousin Isabel after his uncle nearly beats the stable boy Bert to death. An important incident in this novel sees the schoolboy Siphon subjected to"violation by the ear" after a battle of grimaces with Mientus over the other boys' innocence.  After waking up from a nightmare at the novel's beginning the protagonist is visited by Professor Pimko, who quizzes him on Latin grammar until he regresses to adolescence and enters the plot of his own novel. For ten points name this novel about Johnnie Kowalski, the masterpiece of Witold Gombrowicz.;;Ferdydurke
;;The first evidence of this phenomenon is preserved by space-inflation induced stretching of Batchelor-Obukhov-Corrsin temperature spectra, and it first appeared at least ten to the minus 33 seconds following the Big Bang. A Hopfinger Cell is a useful tool in studying it, and laboratory simulations often employ the Smagorinsky Model to determine its local-scale kinematics. Its onset occurs during (*) Taylor-Green conditions in LES simulations, which may be experimentally modeled in the Boussinesq approximation. For small increments the occurrence of molecular diffusion it causes varies as the cube of the viscosity and the inverse of the energy dissipation rate to the one-fourth. That relation is the Kolmogorov length scale, which assumes isotropic flow in small scales, though for larger scales entropy across total vorticity increases. For 10 points, name this characterization of fluids with high Froude and Reynold's numbers typified by chaotic eddy-current shedding, the opposite of laminar flow.;;(Answer(:)) turbulence|turbulent (flow)
;;Malaspina and Ergun offer an interpretation of examples of these entities which possess transverse electric fields as eigenmodes of solar wind density cavities. The kinetic equation that describes them may be derived by applying the Wigner-Moyal transform to their respective field relations. Their conversion to electromagnetic radiation is a key mechanism of Type-III Solar Bursts. Their propagation is governed by the (*) Bohm-Gross relation, and the Zakharov equations describe their interaction with the oscillatory modes with which they are always associated, which leads to a deceleration known as Landau Damping. Resulting from density enhancements which violate local charge neutrality, they may generate voltages higher than 100 giga-electron volts per meter. FTP, name these rapid fluctuations in electron density in a plasma, the fastest known matter waves.;;(Answer(:)) Langmuir Waves
;;One character in this work keeps a copy of Marital Relational Psychology in his desk, and that character murders his mistress with a corkscrew. The drunken Nelly Mahone repeatedly chastizes the protagonist of this work, who is stabbed near the eye while fighiting in an ancient tunnel found under a police station. Miss Cheeseman appoints the protagonist to ghost write her autobiography, and the protagonist first works under Mr Durce at Meadows, Meade & Grindley. The protagonist of this work encourages typewriters working under Mrs. Coverdale to take Mondays off, repeatedly points out the horn-like bumps on his head, and considers his fear of illnesses to be his "fatal flaw." The protagonist's antics drive a wedge in the relationship between Dixie Morse and her fiance Humprey Place, who finally get married as the Scotch protagonist leaves the titular town. For 10 points, identify this novel in which the devilish Dougal Douglas disrupts the quiet life of the title town, a work by Muriel Spark.;;(The) Ballad of Peckham Rye
;;The Korsten method sometimes replaces the Edmeister method for calculating this quantity, as the latter deviates significantly for heavier hydrocarbons in petroleum fractions. A more accurate method gives this quantity as a second order function of the Watson characterization number, and in a more often used formulation of that method, this quantity is multiplied by the first order term to give vapor (*) pressure. In addition to being used in the Lee-Kesler method, it is related to the negative logarithm of the reduced saturation pressure at a reduced temperature of 0.7. All fluids which have similar values for this quantity, reduced pressure, and reduced temperature have similar compressibility factors and display similar deviation from ideal behavior. Noble gases are defined to have a value of zero for this quantity, which was introduced by K. S. Pitzer. For 10 points, identify this quantity which describes the degree to which fluid molecules deviate from being spherically symmetric.;;acentric factor
;;Characters with this description gain their final skill after ascending the Tower of Might in one appearance. Some of Donald Duck's weapons in the Kingdom Hearts series appear to have the heads of characters with this description. A band named after these characters plays songs like "Bombing Mission" and "Distant Worlds." Along with his twin sister, one character to hold this description turned into stone after the battle with Kainozzo in order to save Cecil and Tellah. Characters with this description populate an entire village which is invaded by Kuja, and three of them have the description "Waltz." Another character holding this description is the friend of Quon, frequently trips, and gains the ability to cast the spell Firaga from the Octogon Staff. For ten points, identify this character class which frequently wears a blue robes and a wide-brimmed hat over a blank face with glowing yellow eyes, a mainstay of the Final Fantasy series.;;Black Mages|Black Wizards
;;This figure threatens Glewlwyd Gavaelvawr that he will let loose three shouts that will make barren every woman in a palace, and this figure apparently got his name because he was born in a swine's burrow.  This man gives a gold ring to Custennin the herdsman, whose son Goreu accomplishes a task for him, and this man's mother made his father promise not to remarry until a briar with two blossoms grows on her grave.   One companion of this figure kills Gwrnach the Giant, and he and his companions have three poisoned darts thrown at them, which they throw back at their attacker.  This figure's step-mother declares that he will not have a wife until he obtains a certain woman, whom this man obtains by accomplishing the tasks of Yspaddaden Penkawr with the help of such figures as Bedwyr and Kai.  For 10 points, name this figure from Welsh myth, a cousin of Arthur who goes on a quest to win the hand of Olwen.;;Culhwch
;;One commander at this battle "preserved" two forces of Foot Guards by returning them to the camp before the fighting, earning him the nickname "Confectioner." That man, General Ilton, was stationed on the right, protected by the Spessart Hills, while a river comprised the left. It happened during an attempted retreat to Flanders after some unsuccessful maneuvers by the Earl of Storey, and the victorious army was cut off when several regiments occupied Aschaffenburg. A cavalry assault of the Maison du Roi failed, while the possibly-spontaneous main attack under (*) de Grammont was disorderly and retreated after a quick repulse, thus failing to close a trap set by de Noailles in the namesake west Bavarian village. Featuring Marshall Konigseck's Austrian division and a Hanoverian detachment, the winning Pragmatic Army also included a young Duke of Cumberland and the last European head of state to command in the field. For 10 Points, name this battle where George II of England headed a coalition force to victory in the War of the Austrian Succession.;;(The) (Battle) (of) Dettingen
;;The influence of this composer's time in Italy can be heard in the Presto capriccioso alla napolitana second movement of his violin concerto. He only finished three of the movements of his first symphony before its premiere, and the addition of the Maestoso allegro fourth movement was delayed in part by his breakup with the Princess of Erbach-Schonberg. This composer depicted a print by Thomas Rowlandson using a diatonic scherzo that quotes sea shanties in his overture Portsmouth Point, and brass fanfares represent the title figure of his Scapino Overture. This composer of the "Liverpool" symphony also set a series of Edith Sitwell poems to music in a piece with movements like "Black Mrs. Behemoth" and "Long Steel Grass," Facade. For 10 points, name this British composer of the operas The Bear and Troilus and Cressida as well as Belshazzar's Feast.;;(William) Walton
;;This man represented John Randel, Jr. following his firing by the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Company, and he successfully defended his state's right to Pea Patch Island.  In the senate this man instigated the creation of a committee to reform the Post Office Department,  and he resolved a boundary dispute between Michigan and Ohio while serving as Chairman of the Judiciary Committee from 1833-1837.  While serving in another office this man sent Thomas Butler King as a representative to California, and he feuded with Spain after the seizure of the Georgiana and Susan Loud for supposed piracy.  While in the cabinet this man also organized the search for John Franklin and sent an envoy to Lajos Kossuth.  This (*) Delaware Whig negotiated a treaty which eventually led to the transfer of the Mosquito Coast to Nicaragua before being superseded by the Hay-Pauncefort Treaty.  For 10 points, name this Secretary of State under Zachary Taylor who signed an agreement for joint Anglo-American control of a future Central American canal with Henry Bulwer-Lytton.;;(John) (M(.)) Clayton
;;One character in this work writes a poem called "The Sillabub," which she asks a character who constantly says "deuce take me" to review. An evil plot in this work involves a poorly-sewn sleeve designed to give the protagonist trouble donning a priest's habit, which he is given by Reverend Saygrace. Another character attempts to fall on the protagonist's sword after he rejects her, and his prevention of her suicide leads her to vow to ruin him." Mr. Brisk cuckolds the foppish Lord Frost in this play, while the refusal of Lady Plyant to give her husband an heir leads to her all-too-easy seduction by Ned Careless. The title character frames the protagonist for cuckolding his uncle, who then agrees to disinherit the protagonist and arrange for the title character to marry Lady Plyant's stepdaughter, Cynthia. The plot unravels when Careless reveals that Lady Touchwood's lover is not Mellefont but rather Maskwell, the play's two-faced titular villain. For 10 points name this play by William Congreve.;;(The) Double(-)Dealer
;;One of this man's teachers published The Veddas and Melanesians of British New Guinea, that teacher being Charles Gabriel Seligman. During one of his military stints, this man discussed the traditions of a certain people whom he was helping in their guerilla war, The Sanusi of Cyrenaica. This thinker notably claimed that anthropologists often mistakenly attribute motivations that closely match their own culture, rather than those of their subjects, in his Theories of Primitive Religion. In more famous works, this thinker wrote about a certain Nilotic people in their Kinships and marriage rituals, the Nuer, as well as discussing a mischievous god figure and the prominence of the supernatural in another culture.  For ten points, identify this anthropologist who wrote several tracts about a certain central African tribe, including The Zande Trickster and Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande.;;(Edward) Evans(-)Pritchard
;;One of these figures served as an arbitrator in a dispute between Helios and Poseidon over the isthmus of Corinth and has an alternate name that means "goatish." That figure was married to Kymopoleia, with whom he sired the nymph Oiolyka. One of them was called upon to aid Thetis in releasing Zeus from the chains with which he was bound by Hera and Apollo, and these figures are sometimes identified with the Tritopatores. Guarded for a time by the monster Campe, they reside at one point in an area surrounded by walls and a bronze gate built by Poseidon. The constellation Ara is associated with these figures, one of whom shares his name with a figure whose "ring" is the subject of a parable in Plato's Republic. The bottom of the sea is home to one of these creatures, while the other two, Kottos and Gyges, guard the titans in Tartarus whom they defeated by using their most distinctive features. For ten points name these three monsters who sure can throw a lot of rocks at once.;;Hundred(-)Handed Ones|Hecatoncheires
;;This actress's upcoming roles include Miss G, a lesbian teacher at an all-girls boarding school, and holocaust survivor Edith Beer. She appeared in a 2007 perfume commercial directed by Wong Kar-Wai, while more recently she portrayed the suicidal performance artist Emilia in a film set half in London and half in the ultra-theocratic "Meanwhile City." This actress's minor roles include Clarisse, the young lover of the titular thief in Arsene Lupin, and Sibylla, the sister of King Baldwin IV in Kindgom of Heaven. She more notably portrayed Isabelle, a French film lover who has a near-incestuous relationship with her twin brother Theo in Bernardo Bertolucci's The Dreamers, but she is best-known for appearing in a 2006 film set partially in a Macedonian gambling establishment. For ten points name this French actress who played Bond girl Vesper Lynd in Casino Royale.;;(Eva) Green
;;In one of his poems, a parent describes several European capitals, including "Rome, Christendom's capital" and Paris "where a level bluish mist moves in waves." Along with "Father Explains," poems such as "The Dining Room" and "The Stairs" appeared in his collection Rescue. This poet wrote that "There was a time when only wise books were read" in another poem, and his "catastrophist" phase is exemplified by the poem "Artificer." This author's long poem "From the Rising of the Sun" is collected in his Bells in Winter, and the title event of another of this man's poems is only perceived by a "white-haired old man" who "binds his tomatoes. Another work by this author includes a discussion of the Murti-bing pills in the novel Insatiability, though it centers on the conflict faced by four individuals known only as Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta. For ten points, name this author of "A Song on the End of the World" and The Captive Mind.;;(Czeslaw) Milosz
;;This artist was inspired to begin painting by a work called The Child's Brain. This artist's "free-flow" period is exemplified by Promontory Palace, while his "beach pictures" include The Ribbon of Excess and The Satin Tuning Fork. He explored Cubist styles in works such as Hands and Gloves, while late paintings such as Multiplication of Arches consisted entirely of disfigured stones.  A more notable painting by this man depicts white bowls of blue water on a blue-gray background with a bizarre machine in the foreground, and a hairy brown stick leans against a black cloud in this man's Mama, Papa is Wounded!. For 10 points, name this prominent figure in the automatism movement whose works include Infinite Divisibility and The Furniture of Time, a Surrealist artist from France.;;(Raymond) (Georges) (Yves) Tanguy
;;Interference in this phenomenon arising from dissipative environments may be suppressed by a Caldeira-Leggett bath of harmonic oscillators, though microwave field perturbations in materials exhibiting it give rise to Fano-Kondo resonance, which is employed in a useful interferometer. It may occur in neutral excitons when the hole ground state changes angular momentum from L equals 0 to L equals 1, 2 or 3 as proven for (*) indium phosphide and gallium arsenide quantum dots, but is more typical in charge carriers. A layer of niobium covered by a copper film enclosing a toroidal ferromagnet was employed in its confirmation, which used electron holography to detect a shift which had been earlier predicted by Ehrenberg and Siday. Arising from the presence of a vector potential, FTP, what is this effect by which a series of propagating particles enclosing a restricted magnetic field experience a phase shift despite the lack of an external magnetic force?.;;(Answer(:)) Ehrenberg(-)Siday(-)Aharonov(-)Bohm (Effect)|(Oscillation)|(Displacement)
;;One character in this work is described as having eyes that are "dim with a morning expression of disillusionment" and regularly listens to the radio program "Taboo." Another character indulges his lust for a younger woman by fondling and smelling her scarf after she jokingly asks if he will kiss her goodbye, and in another scene Schubert's Ave Maria is played in the background as he surreptitiously watches her. The main character spends much of her time talking to her neighbor Mrs. Coffman, and she encourages the illicit affair between the young art school student Marie and her javelin-throwing lover. S. Epatha Merkerson played the main character in a 2008 revival of this play, which culminates in the drunken outburst of the chiropractor Doc Delaney. For ten points name this play in which Lola finally dreams about the death of the titular pet, a work by William Inge.;;Come Back(,) Little Sheba
;;The influence of this composer's time in Italy can be heard in the Presto capriccioso alla napolitana second movement of his violin concerto. He only finished three of the movements of his first symphony before its premiere, and the addition of the Maestoso allegro fourth movement was delayed in part by his breakup with the Princess of Erbach-Schonberg. This composer depicted a print by Thomas Rowlandson using a diatonic scherzo that quotes sea shanties in his overture Portsmouth Point, and brass fanfares represent the title figure of his Scapino Overture. This composer of the "Liverpool" symphony also set a series of Edith Sitwell poems to music in a piece with movements like "Black Mrs. Behemoth" and "Long Steel Grass," Facade. For 10 points, name this British composer of the operas The Bear and Troilus and Cressida as well as Belshazzar's Feast.;;(William) Walton
;;According to Jonathan Crewe, the sparrow called "Syr Phip" in one section of this work stands for the poet himself. Penny McCarthy's book Pseudonymous Shakespeare argues that this work's lines "Listen then, lordings, with good ear to me/ for of my life I must a riddle tell" refer to Chaucer's tale of Sir Thopas, and allude to a forbidden relationship this work hides behind a poetic "screen." The speaker of the second poem in this work compares himself to a "slave-born Muscovite" enchained by love and laments "with a feeling skill, I paint my hell." Its twenty-fourth poem's reference to a (*) "rich foole" and its thirty-seventh poem's repetition of the word "rich" are commonly thought to allude to the identify of its central female character. After being rejected by that character, the speaker of this sonnet sequence exclaims "With how sad steps, O moon, thou climb'st the skies!" Probably about the poet's relationship with Penelope Rich, for 10 points, identify this sequence of one hundred and eight sonnets whose title characters have names meaning "star-lover" and "star," written by Philip Sidney.;;Astrophel and Stella
;;In this novel's chapter "Myths," one character describes a legend of a knight whose idyllic love for a water nymph is destroyed when he attempts to wash a bloodstain in her fountain. The expression of another character's face inspires an artist to paint her in the act of discovering a spot of blood on her white robe. That character lives in a tower where she tends a flock of doves and the fire of a shrine to the Virgin Mary. Two characters in this novel are reconciled while meeting at the bronze statue of (*) Julius III in Perugia--one of those characters, the Count de Monte Beni, loses his animal sprightliness and becomes melancholy after throwing a monk off the Tarpeian Rock. This novel ends with Hilda agreeing to marry Kenyon, and begins with American artists comparing a vivacious Italian to a sculpture by Praxiteles. For 10 points, name this novel about a murder committed by Miriam and Donatello in Rome, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne.;;(The) Marble Faun
;;Kulik and Omel'yanchuk developed refinements for metallic links in these objects, while thermal fluctuations in these objects can be analyzed with the Ambegaokar-Halperin model, and irradiating one of these devices gives rise to constant voltage Shapiro steps in them. They are characterized by the overdamped and underdamped regimes of the (*) RCSJ model, while semifluxons occur in their zero-pi long variety. Shadow evaporation can be used to create them for flux qubits, and their associated constant is equal to two times e over h, making it the reciprocal of the magnetic flux quantum. The current across one of these devices is equal to the critical current times the sine of the phase difference, while two of these devices are arranged in a superconducting loop in a DC SQUID. For 10 points, name these devices defined by the current flow across a non conducting barrier between two coupled superconductors.;;Josephson (junction)
;;The first settlers of this colony were led by John Powell, while Errol Barrow led it when it gained independence. James Hay, the Earl of Carlisle, took control of the profits of this colony from William Courten, who had financed its settlement, in an event known as the (*) "Great Robbery" of this colony. The Bayley plantation was home to a 1816 rebellion of slaves here known as the Bussa Rebellion, and it was the first American location that Oloudah Equiano described. Judge Jeffreys of the Bloody Assizes exiled supporters of the Monmouth Rebellion to this colony, and slaves coming from Africa were usually brought here before being shipped to other British colonies. For ten points, name easternmost British colony in the Western Antilles, now a country with capital at Bridgetown.;;Barbados
;;An epic poem by Robert Pollok provided partial inspiration for this work, which was significantly influenced by Robert Burford's Pandemonium. It was dedicated to its commissioner, Luman Reed, and the "motto" of the artist's program to this work was taken from Childe Harold's Pilgrimage. In one of the paintings in this series, a man can be seen sketching a geometrical problem in the ground on the left while a boy crudely sketches a (*) man with a sword on the right. In another painting in this series, a makeshift bridge strains under the weight of people running across it, while a fountain gushes in the foreground of the third one as a scarlet robed figure crosses a bridge. A megalithic temple appears in the one subtitled, "The Arcadian," while a cluster of wigwams and a hunter chasing a deer can be seen in the first, "The Savage State." For 10 points, name this series of paintings about the progress of civilization, a work of Thomas Cole.;;(The) Course of Empire
;;Part of this bill was upheld by the Supreme Court in Flint v. Stone Tracy Co. One author of this bill was nicknamed "The General Manager of the Nation" for his power in the Senate and also sponsored the bill which created the National Monetary Commission. The President who signed this bill praised it in the controversial (*) Winona Speech. The final version of this bill was opposed by a House faction known as the "Insurgents", whose leaders included George Norris, but it was strongly supported by a faction called the "standpatters", whose leaders included Mark Hanna and who believed a strong protectionist policy was necessary for Republicans to win. For ten points, name this tariff signed by William Howard Taft, which split the Republicans before the 1912 elections, and which was replaced by the Underwood Tariff.;;Payne(-)Aldrich (Tariff)
;;One form of poetry prominent in this language was developed by Shah Hussain and probably derives its name from Persian for "rhyme scheme." That form of poetry usually consists of five or seven line verses and is called Kafi. The Sufi influence on literature written in this language can be seen in the works of Bulleh Shah and Sheikh Fareed Shakarganj, the first person to write in this language. One poem in this language asks the author of Heer Ranjha, Waris Shah, to look at his people from his grave and was written by (*) Amrita Pritam.  Like Hindi, this language is derived from Sauraseni Prakrit, and it is written in the Shahmukhi and Gurmukhi scripts. One example of the former is the Mool Mantra seen on the first page of the Adi Granth. For 10 points, name this language of eastern Pakistan and north-western India that is usually associated with Sikhism.;;Punjabi
;;In 1987, Ambeth Ocampo reconstructed the manuscript of this author's final, unfinished novel. In one of this author's novels, Juli asks the lecherous Father Camorra to help free her boyfriend from prison, only to commit suicide by jumping off a balcony after nearly being raped. The title character of that novel plans an aborted revolution with arms smuggled by the Chinese merchant Quiroga, and gives a lamp containing a secret compartment filled with nitroglycerine to Paulita Gomez and Juanito Pelaez in order to blow up the government officials attending their wedding feast. The pamphlet "Caingat Cayo" warned against reading the novels of this author, whose second novel focuses on the wealthy jeweler Simoun. In another of this author's novels, (*) Father Damaso excommunicates the idealistic lover of Maria Clara, Juan Cristosomo Ibarra. For 10 points, name this author who attacked the corruption of Spanish friars ruling his home country in his novels El Filibusterismo and Noli me Tangere, whose death sparked the Phillipine Revolution.;;(Jose) Rizal
;;One appendix to this work discusses the right of heads of state to give the death penalty as long as it is publicly stated ahead of time. Another section in that appendix discusses the role of potentia tremenda in the assumption of oppression. The third section of this work seeks to define hospitality and establishes it as a right of all people based on their common identity as existing on earth, and it defines citizenship by analogy to a more fundamental concept discussed in this essay. The first section of this essay contains a set of conditions by which the title condition could be brought about, including the forgiveness of external debts and a ban on intervention by external powers in the internal affairs of other countries. For ten points, identify this essay by Immanuel Kant which sought to outline the conditions in which war could be eliminated forever.;;Perpetual Peace(:) (A) (Philosophical) (Sketch)
;;This man's works for guitar and percussion include Quest and Mundus Canis. One of this man's works features a chord progression representing the "Music of the Spheres" and features an interlude entitled "Seven Trumpets of the Apocalypse", which precedes two children's choirs situated at opposite ends of the stage joining to sing the "Hymn for the New Age." Another work features variations with titles like "Archeozoic" and "Proterozoic", and this composer of Star Child and Vox Baelaenae was inspired by Garcia Lorca for his books of madrigals as well as his Ancient Voices of Children. One of his works uses water-tuned crystal goblets to create the "God-music" section of the "Return" movement, and that work features two threnodies subtitled "Night of the Electric Insects." He collected works such as Celestial Mechanics, Music for a Summer Evening, and two sets of 12 Fantasy Pieces after the Zodiac amongst his Makrokosmos works. For 10 points, name this composer of a work for a quartet of instruments amplified "to the threshold of pain", Black Angels.;;(George) Crumb
;;Rhabdomyolysis is seen in patients with Tarui's disease and McArdle's disease because enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of this compound are deficient or dysfunctional. One enzyme which regulates its biosynthesis also appears in the Wnt signalling pathway, wherein that enzyme phosphorylates beta-catenin. Degradation of this molecule does not occur in patients suffering from von (*) Gierke's disease. The degradation of this molecule normally occurs by removal of monomers at its nonreducing ends by a pyridoxal phosphate intermediate. An oxocarbonium intermediate derived from UDP-glucose results in a linear polymer connected by a-1,4 linkages, while a branching enzyme is required for its a-1,6 glycosidic bonds. Insulin favors its synthesis while increased glucagon leads to its breakdown. For 10 points, name this polysaccharide used to store glucose in muscle and liver cells.;;glycogen
;;Publications in this work include the County News, associated with the conservative party of the titular character's brother-in-law, a schoolmaster. The liberal publisher of the Beacon rebuffs the titular character after hearing that he has left the Church, saying that he needs the support of Christians, not freethinkers. Local legend has it that the spirits of the dead appear in the form of white horses in the central setting. Characters in this work include a woman who inspired the pen name of the author of Black Lamb and Grey Falcon and a washed-up liberal orator named (*) Ulric Brendel. Insinuations that the titular character drove his wife Beata to suicide are made by Peter Mortensgard and by Professor Kroll. In the end, the titular character and Rebecca West drown themselves in the mill-pond in, for 10 points, what play by Henrik Ibsen set on the title estate?.;;Rosmersholm
;;One work of this name was set to poems by Holderlin and was the opus 35 of Ernst Krenek. Another work by this name was choreographed by Merce Cunningham and was the first orchestral use of the gamut technique by John Cage. A third work with this name is divided into two parts and is the ninth symphony of Louis Spohr. Another work of this name is a ballet that includes such dances as a scherzo representing hail, a bacchanale that echoes themes from previous sections, and a waltz of (*) cornflowers and poppies. This name is also given to a set of twelve piano pieces that includes a troika and a "song of the reaper," and an oratorio derived from a James Thomson poem that features a musical depiction of croaking frogs and the peasants Hanne, Simon, and Lucas. For 10 points, give this name shared by a ballet score by Glazunov, a collection of piano pieces by Tchaikovsky, and an oratorio written after The Creation by Haydn.;;(The) Seasons
;;H. Rider Haggard's novel Elissa is subtitled "The Doom of" this place, and legend has it that an attempt to build a dam in this country angered the river god Nyami Nyami. One author associated with this country wrote a novel in which the influence of the planet Shammat leads to the degradation of Rohanda, and another author born in this country wrote a series of novels featuring Professor Doctor von Igelfeld, including The Finer Points of Sausage Dogs. A plan for its independence was established in the (*) Lancaster House Agreement following the Bush War. The Gokomere are thought to have built a complex in this country whose soapstone carvings of birds have become a national symbol. For 10 points, name this modern country associated with Doris Lessing, which is currently experiencing hyperinflation under the continued reign of President Mugabe.;;(the) (Republic) (of) Zimbabwe
;;This author wrote that all the events of his life, though apparently his own acts, were "the work of some other, and each is signed with a name" in the last of his essays on poetry, "Variations on the 'Eclogues.'" He claimed that a poem is never complete, but is merely "abandoned," in an essay which responded to a lecture by Gustave Cohen. In that essay, this author claimed that his most famous poem came to him in the shape of a composition in stanzas of six lines of ten syllables, and discussed some lines in which he wrote about Zeno of Elea. This author of Idee Fixe and Monsieur Teste wrote about visiting some (*) tombs in the city of Sete in his best-known poem. For 10 points, name this French author of the poems "The Young Fate" and "The Cemetery by the Sea.".;;(Paul) Valery
;;One confusing aspect of this concept was established in 1892's Hillmon case, which involved Frederick Walters traveling to Wichita. This doctrine was notably refined by Palmer v. Hoffman and by Cardozo's opinion in Shepard v. United States. The Supreme Court established a two-pronged test relevant to this concept in Ohio v. Roberts, though that decision was overturned in the landmark 2004 case Crawford v. Washington. The standard definition of it references "the (*) truth of the matter asserted," and the many exceptions to it include business records, dying declarations, and excited utterances. Covered by Article 8 of the Federal Rules of Evidence, for 10 points, give this legal term for statements made out of court that are generally not admissible in evidence.;;hearsay
;;In one of this man's major endeavors, he employed a man named Antonio Perez whose correspondence is an important primary source, revealing the identities of such co-workers as Gherard de Malines, John de Cardenas, and Anthony Standen. This figure's early career saw him fail to negotiate marriage contracts for successive Dukes of Anjou, Henri and Francois, only to score a major diplomatic coup with the Treaty of Blois as Ambassador to France. This so-called "Moor" succeeded his mentor, Robert (*) Cecil, after the latter appointed him to head an inquest that led to the fall of the Duke of Norfolk. Later, similar work by this councilor led to the expulsion of Bernardino de Mendoza as his networks exposed both the Throckmorton plot and the Babington plot, implication in which led to the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots. For 10 points, name this secretary of England's Elizabeth I, whom he also served as spymaster.;;(Sir) (Francis) Walsingham
;;In simulations of one version of this value, the Phong-Blinn Model is transformed by its "pumping up," leading to metallic effects. The Adem Equation gives the net surface longwave radiation as a function of this value, deviation from mean temperature and the probability of entrapment. Another version of it is related by the (*) Heyney-Greenstein phase function to the single free parameter and incident angle. In nuclear physics, it denotes the probability that a neutron will pass a given barrier, and beryllium and lead are noted for their high values of it. A version of Kirchhoff's Law of Radiation defines it as 1 minus the emissivity, though its value is more often given as a ratio of scattered power to total power, and it nears its maximum value for polished silver. For 10 points, name this measure most often used in the calculation of planetary energy budgets defined as the total reflected light over the incident light.;;albedo
;;One scene in this work takes place in a large pentagonal room whose entire southern face is occupied by a window made of an "immense sheet of unbroken glass from Venice" which is tinted with a "leaden hue." The epigraph to this work, which notes that God himself is "but a great will pervading all things by nature of its intentness," comes from Joseph Glanvill. This work includes a poem which describes a "gala night / Within the lonesome latter years" in which seraphs "sob at vermin fangs / In human gore imbued." That poem, which describes a play whose hero is "The (*) Conqueror Worm," is uttered by the title character just before she dies in a "dim and decaying city by the Rhine." The narrator of this work marries Lady Rowena Trevanion of Tremaine after the death of his first wife. For 10 points, name this story published in 1838 in which the narrator's dead second wife seems to be transformed into his revived first wife, a work by Edgar Allan Poe.;;Ligeia
;;One obscure pathway that results in the reagents used to form this class of chemicals opens with a Pinacol rearrangement of deoxyxyluose; a better-understood pathway that results in an unequal yield of those reagents is the mevalonate pathway. These chemicals form when protic attack resulting from abstraction of OPP groups yields DMAPP radicals, which then combine with one another and with (*) isopentyl diphosphate and undergo stereospecific deprotination, thus forming open-chain varieties of these polymers. Pyrolysis of these compounds led Otto Wallach to posit a rule regarding their structure that is sometimes called the C5 rule but more often named for their monomer. For 10 points, name this family of polymers characterized as built from 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, a unit of five carbons and eight hydrogens also known as isoprene.;;terpenes
;;A nun and professor of mathematics named Diane Drufenbrock served as a vice presidential candidate for a party of this name. In another election, their vice presidential candidate Bill Edwards died during the campaign and was replaced by author Barbara Garson. The original party of this name splintered largely thanks to the divisive influence of Max Shachtman, and its last presidential candidate was (*) Darlington Hoopes. A major figure in this party's history is Frank Zeidler, who ran for president for the reformed party in 1976 after serving as mayor of Milwaukee, but it is better known for the escapades of the author of Is Conscience a Crime?, who ran for the presidency six times. For 10 points, name this political party which frequently nominated Norman Thomas for president.;;(the) Socialist (Party) (of) (the) (United) (States) (of) (America)
;;He defended his critical method in a lecture delivered at Mount Holyoke on "Legitimate Criticism of Poetry," which would be collected in his 5 Pens in Hand. This author co-founded the Seizin Press and the journal Epilogue with a poet who collaborated with him on the novel No Decency Left. He rewrote a Dickens novel in his The Real David Copperfield, while he worked with an expert on Hebrew, Joshua Podro, to write (*) Jesus in Rome and The Nazarene Gospel Restored. He wrote from the perspective of Mary Powell in the historical novel Wife to Mr. Milton, while his relationship with Laura Riding influenced his autobiographical work about World War I, Goodbye to All That. For 10 points, name this English author who also wrote a historical novel set in 1st-century Rome, I, Claudius.;;(Robert) Graves
;;One online essay interprets this song to be about a forthcoming communist revolution, with the slower first section being a warning and the upbeat second section showing the revolution itself as represented by the sounds of the "guibass" and "bassitar".  This song's music video featured its band performing on a lawn before being stalked and attacked by ninjas.  Originally appearing after "Boll Weevil" and before "Dune Buggy", the title (*) objects are compared to "sun-soaking bulges in the shade" before the singer describes "taking little naps where the roots all twist".  The singer "poke[s his] finger down inside / make a little room for it to hide" in one of the title objects, a "rotten" one of which the singer squishes in his fist.  For 10 points, name this Presidents of the United States of America song in which the singer expresses a desire to move into the country and eat a lot of the titular fruit.;;Peaches
;;The speaker of this poem asks, "Where are the mowers whostood with suspended scythe" after finding a boat near the "Wytham flats," and he recalls traveling the track by Childsworth Farm. He talks of "Young Daphnis, with his silver voice" singing in "the hot cornfield of the Phrygian King," and he describes a "sweet city with her dreaming spires" as viewed from Boars Hill. The speaker describes the dissipation of fog as Eve lifting her veil, and his lengthy description of the passing of spring into summer culminates with the line, "The (*) bloom is gone, and with the bloom go I." He laments that "time, not Corydon, hath conquer'd" this poem's title character, whom he associates with the "signal-elm that looks on Ilsley Downs. The area surrounding Oxford provides this poem's setting, and the poet laments that the place he and Arthur Hugh Clough once often roamed is now only frequented by another of this poet's characters, the Scholar-Gypsy. For ten points name this elegy by Matthew Arnold.;;Thyrsis
;;The third stanza of this poem notes that "no mother suckled Jove" and asks if our blood, "comingling and virginal with heaven" will "fail, or shall it come to be the blood of paradise?"  A figure in this poem notes that she is content when birds "test the misty reality of fields before they fly".  This poem ends when pigeons sink "downward to darkness, (*) on extended wings," and it notes that "The tomb in Palestine is not the porch of spirits lingering." The seventh of its eight stanzas centers on a ring of sun-worshipers who "shall know well the heavenly fellowship/ Of men that perish," and this poem asks in another section "What is divinity if it can come/ Only in silent shadows and in dreams?" The female figure described in the work is told "Death is the mother of beauty," and is persuaded to prefer "Coffee and oranges in a sunny chair" to the "Dominion of the blood and sepulchre."  Championing the "Complacencies of the peignoir," for 10 points, name this poem which appeared in Harmonium, a work by Wallace Stevens.;;Sunday Morning
;;On a recording of his "Folk Forms No. 1," this man is heard demanding no applause, no noise from sipping drinks and no cash register ringing.  That session also featured this man's songs "What Love" and "All the Things You Could Be By Now If Sigmund Freud's Wife Were Your Mother." One of this artist's most praised albums features the song "Hora Decubitus" and a song describing "a madman in incandescent bloom" and refers to the artist as a mule "not from Moscow" on the album's final track "Freedom." One of his best-known songs was called (*) "Theme for Lester Young" on that quintuply eponymous album, though on the album called "this man Ah Um," it is called "Goodbye Porkpie Hat." For 10 points, identify this jazz artist, usually a bassist, perhaps best known for Pithecanthropus Erectus.;;(Charles) Mingus
;;He dedicated the Suite luciferique to the pianist Artur Schnabel who did not perform it, and the composer changed the name just to Suite since its name alludes to light than to darkness. He dedicated his solo violin work like Prelude, Theme and Variations to Emil Telmanyi, who first conducted his father-in-law's Clarinet Concerto. In 1927, he wrote a rhapsody overture about an imaginary trip to the (*) Faroe Islands. Out of his six symphonies, his fifth is nicknamed Sinfonia semplice and the second is named after a painting he saw at a country inn, the Four Temperaments. Having works designated by Fog-Schousboe numbers, for 10 points, name this Danish composer who wrote operas like Maskarade and Saul and David and orchestral works like the Aladdin suite and his Inextinguishable fourth symphony.;;(Carl) Nielsen
;;One ruler of this nation repudiated the Constitution of 1840 and his death brought to power a figure known as "Whiskey Bill." One treaty was negotiated with this nation by Thomas ap Catesby Jones, and it saw gunpoint diplomacy by Cyrille Laplace to stop persecution of Catholics. A man posing as the High Priest of Melchizedek set himself up as leader of a (*) "Mormon kingdom" in this nation before being excommunicated; that man was Walter Murray Gibson. Some rebellions here were led by Robert Wilcox, and the Blount and Morgan Reports investigated American intervention in this nation in support of an 1887 document drafted by Lorrin Thurston. That document, known as the "bayonet" constitution, was forced on King David Kalakaua by people such as Sanford Dole. For 10 points, name this former Pacific island kingdom, whose last ruler was Queen Liliuokalani.;;Hawaii
;;Both a study by D.J. Richards and a Mirra Ginsburg translation of this writer's essays name him as a "heretic" and his own essays include one which accuses the titular writers of falling short of their namesakes, "Scythians?" In one of his stories, Fita bans starvation and condemns cholera patients as criminals in a satirical work from his collection Fairy Tales for Grown-Up Children, and an elderly couple commits suicide after Martin steals wood so that they might celebrate by lighting their stove early in the morning in his (*) "The Cave." During the so-called "repertory crisis", this author prepared a stage version of Leskov's The Flea and adapted his own satirical novel about Jesmond's vicar Dewly and the death of the lawyer O'Kelley, The Islanders, into The Society of Honorary Bellringers. Also the author of a novel in which the Green Wall separates the chaotic organic world from the ordered world of the Only State, this is, for 10 points, what creator of the mathematician D-503 in the dystopian novel We?.;;(Yevgeny) Zamyatin
;;This is the first name of a man from Smolensk in the retinue of Metropolitan Piman, who was the only eye-witness source for a Palaiologan coronation, that of Manuel II in 1392, and the primary source for the civil war between John V and John VII. Another man of this name authored two pseudo-science texts, Atlantis and Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel about the mythical continent and a cometic origin for many geological and religious phenomena, respectively. Joseph Jekyll collected the letters and authored a biography of another figure with this first name, a seventeenth century (*) freed British slave, surnamed Sancho. Another person by this name was the archbishop of Antioch, who, upon being taken to Rome for execution, wrote several letters, one of which, to the Smyrnaeans, was the first post-Biblical work to mention transubstantiation. Also shared by the author of the autobiography A Pilgrim's Journey and the devotionary work Spiritual Exercises, this is, for 10 points, what name, shared by a Populist named Donnelly and a saint from Loyola, the founder of the Jesuits?.;;Ignatius
;;The theatrical traditions of the natives of this nation produced such works as Baile de Tun and Rabinal Achi, the latter of which tells of a hero from the titular town's last dance with his princess and which inspired a similarly named work by Giron Cerna. This country's "Generation of 1920" included such writers as Cesar Branas and an author known for such works as La Tempestad and often called by the title of another of his works, El Tigre, Flavio Herrera, and other writers from this country include the poet behind (*) Luna Park and an essay named for his home country and "the lines of her hand", and the author of a play which focuses on the feudal-like relations and native myths of this country, Soluna. An autobiography which told how the author's "consciousness was born" publicized the plight of this country's native Mayas and earned a Nobel Peace Prize for its author, Rigoberta Menchu. For 10 points, name this Central American country, best known as the home to the author of Men of Maize and El Senor Presidente, Gabriel Asturias.;;Guatemala
;;After this battle the victor moved to plunder the so-called "Priest's Alley" while a detachment of his forces advanced south under von Armin.  One side marched from Duben, and prior to this battle the victor had formed alliances with William of Hesse-Kassel and Bernard of Saxe-Weimar after his enemy sacked (*) Magdeburg.  This battle saw one of the first major defeats of the tercio formation, and a cavalry charge was stopped by one of the first uses of a musket volley.  Another cavalry charge by Furstenberg drove off John George I and his Saxon troops, exposing the eventual victor's left flank.  The losers were hit by artillery fire from the rear when their own guns were taken by hakkapelittas after Baner drove off Pappenheim.  Occurring just north of Leipzig, this battle saw the defeat of the Catholic League under Tilly.  For 10 points, name this victory for Gustavus Adolphus in the Thirty Years War.;;(Battle) (of) Breitenfeld
;;The protagonist of this novel falls victim to a trap set by Mr. Tapewell, who had been conspiring with Lady Jane Peckover and her nephew, George Poynings. After spending some time at the home of a highway robbery victim he encounters, Mrs. Fitzsimmons, the protagonist swindles a nobleman under the patronage of Princess Olivia into forfeiting his claim to the hand of Countess Ida. Untimely resurrections in this novel include the appearance of the protagonist's rival for the affections of Nora Brady thought to have been killed in a duel, Captain John Quinn, and the return of Lord Bullingdon, who posed an obstacle to the investiture of the protagonist's son Bryan. While serving as a spy for Frederick the Great the protagonist encounters his uncle, the Chevalier Ballybarry, with whom he travels to Dresden. After marrying the widow of Lord Charles the protagonist moves to Ireland, where he wins a seat in parliament, but in the end his profligate spending and spousal abuse land him in Fleet Prison, where he dies of delirium tremens. For 10 points name this novel by William Thackeray.;;Barry Lyndon
;;One queen of this place married Epopeus after she was seduced by Zeus and was given as a slave to Dirce by her father Nycteus. Another daughter of a king of this city gave birth to Mopsus and was forced to oversee the oracle of Apollo at Colophon. In addition to Antiope, a general of this city's army, originally from Tiryns, fled here after killing his father-in-law Electryon over a dispute about some cattle. Megareus sacrificed himself in order to save this city, and (*) Amphiaraus was tricked into going to war against this city after he was given a necklace belonging to Harmonia. Amphion and Zetheus are said to have built this city's walls, and its founder was told by the oracle of Delphi to follow a cow to its current site; that founder, along with his brothers Phoenix and Cilix, had been told by their father Agenor not to come home until their sister Europa was found. Melanippus was among the defenders of this city against an army led by Polynices. For 10 points, name this Greek city-state founded by Cadmus.;;Thebes
;;One work of this type and number begins with the chorus intoning lines from Psalm 48 and the soloists responding with lines from Psalm 96, and was inspired by a visit to the title locale following the Yom Kippur War. In addition to Penderecki's The Seven Gates of Jerusalem, another work of this type and number features the movements "The Corn," "The Sacred Root" and "The Blue Deer," Philip Glass' (*) Toltec. More famous works of this type and number include one adapted from the score of a movie about Robert Scott, and one featuring an "invasion theme" For 10 points, give the number and type of these works, exemplified by Vaughan Williams' Antarctica and Shostakovich's Leningrad.;;seventh symphonies
;;In one position this leader was supported by a man assassinated for his repressive rule of Antigua, Daniel Parke, and this man feuded with Robert Treat over the latter's harboring of William Goffe and Edward Whalley.  Thomas Bull blocked an attempt of this man to take Saybrook, and this opponent of Simon Bradstreet had Philip (*) Carteret imprisoned. A subordinate of this man, Francis Nicholson, was the target of Leisler's Rebellion.  This man was chosen for a position over Percy Kirke, and he was aided by Edward Randolph and Joseph Dudley.  Commissary James Blair is responsible for ending this man's time as Governor of Virginia, and he also served as Governor of New York before taking a post in which he enforced the Navigation Acts and was forced to dress as a woman in an attempt to flee Boston after the Glorious Revolution.  For 10 points, name this unpopular Governor of the Dominion of New England.;;(Edmund) Andros
;;The narrator of one of this man's works is an heir to a pork company who believes he is Georg Buchner, while another work sees author Wolfgang Schwitter come back from the dead twice. In addition to Achterloo and The Meteor, this author wrote two novels about the sickly Inspector Barlach, who also investigated the murder of Ulrich Schmied in The Judge and His Hangman. The title character forces Anastasia to attend executions ordered by the state prosecutor in his The (*) Marriage of Mr. Mississippi and this author explored the final days of the Roman Empire in Romulus the Great. A better-known play by this man is set in the mental hospital of Dr. Mathilde von Zahnd and features Galileo living under the assumed name of Mobius and sharing a suite with two people claiming to be Newton and Einstein. For 10 points, name this Swiss author of The Physicists.;;(Friedrich) Durrenmatt
;;The evolutionary-motive behavior of this region is typically modeled by hybrid symplectic/Bulirsch-Stoer integrators. Discovered using a blink comparator enhanced by several charge coupled devices, its brightness follows a negative 4 power law, and Yelle and Stansberry confirmed the variable emissivity associated with objects within it is controlled by surface ratios of alpha to beta nitrogen. (*) Secular resonances are responsible for its various gaps, including a noticeable "cliff" located at the 1:2 orbital resonance zone. The Nice model proposes that at least some of its mass was removed by gas giants, its present location being an indicator of early outmigration of the larger planets. Mostly populated by objects known as cubewanos, For 10 points, name this astronomical region containing bodies such as Sedna, Quaor, Pluto, and a billion or so short-period comets.;;(Answer(:)) Edgeworth(-)Kuiper Belt
;;One passage in this work discusses how to "avoid furthering the bureaucratization of reason and discourse", and an appendix to this work laments the necessity of empirical studies as well as encouraging limiting their use in the relevant discipline; that appendix is "On Intellectual Craftsmanship" and also discourages separating one's academic work from one's life. A famous passage in this work asserts that "men often feel that their private lives are a series of traps" and alternately presents the title concept as "the ability to shift from one perspective to another" and the propensity to "translate personal troubles into public issues". Also highly critical of the concepts of methodological inhibition and fetishism of the concept, as well as their respective formulators, Paul Lazarsfeld and Talcott Parsons, for 10 points, name this work of Charles Wright Mills.;;The Sociological Imagination
;;He holds the single season punting record with an average distance of 51.4 yards per punt, and he lettered in three sports at Sweetwater High. Following his pro career he coached the New York Titans and Oilers of the AFL and assistant coached at Tulsa, and his number is the only one officially retired by the organization with which he is most associated. He once led the league in interceptions with 11 and is still in the top 150 all time in that statistic. He threw for 40 touchdowns in three seasons and was one of the first to break the 50% completion mark during his time at TCU, and he followed that with a quickly aborted career in the Cardinals organization. Normalized for era, his 70.3% completion percentage in 1945 is the best in NFL history, and he was on the losing side of the 1943 league championship to the Bears. For 10 points, name this longtime Washington Redskin who popularized the forward pass and carried the nickname "Slinging Sammy.".;;(Sammy) Baugh
;;This poem's second stanza evokes the image of "a white dust of ibises whose cries/Have wheeled since civilization's dawn."  This poem asks "What is that to the child hacked in bed" in one part of this poem, which also notes that "upright man seeks his divinity by inflicting pain" and calls savages "as expendable as Jews." In the fourth stanza, the speaker claims to be "divided to the vein," while another part of this poem notes that "scholars seize the salients" of a certain type of policy.  The third stanza of this poem claims that (*) "brutish necessity wipes its hands/Upon the napkin of a dirty cause," while at the poem's end, the speaker wonders how he can turn away from the titular location and live. ."In the first stanza he relates that "Corpses are scattered through a paradise," some by the Kikuyu, who are "quick as flies." This poem begins with the line "A wind is ruffling the tawny pelt" of the title location. For 10 points, name this poem about the Mau-Mau uprising in Kenya, written by Derek Walcott.;;A Far Cry from Africa
;;The signing of this agreement was preceded by fruitless meetings at Alencon and Vernon that failed due to one party's demands for control of Ponthieu.  An action of Tanneguy du Chastel at Montereau allowed the chief beneficiary of this treaty to exceed his original demands of a return to the terms of the Treaty of (*) Bretigny.  This treaty led to the first marriage of a woman who would later secretly marry Owen Tudor.  It resulted in the creation of an office held by the Duke of Bedford, and it used as pretext one of Isabella of Bavaria's extramarital affairs.  Precipitated by the assassination of John the Fearless, this treaty was renounced in the Treaty of Arras by Philip the Good.  Argued to be a violation of Salic Law by Charles VII, for 10 points, name this treaty of the Hundred Years' War that named Henry V as heir to the French throne.;;(Treaty) (of) Troyes
;;This work concludes by asserting that pragmatism is the instrument by which man mediates his "scientific heritage" and the "continuing barrage of sensory information". Another section of this work explains extension by positing the possible equality of the designations "creature with a heart" and "creature with a kidney." This work's third section  contains a discussion on whether interchangeability ensures synonymity with Frege's example of the meanings of "evening star" and "morning star" with reference to the planet Venus. The author also asserts that Carnap's state descriptions and semantical rules do not provide a useful model for determining whether statements are analytic and ties verification theory to reductionism, one of the titular entities; the other refers to the perceived dichotomy of analytic and synthetic statements. For 10 points, name this paper of W.V.O Quine that attempts to correct the namesake insufficiencies of the titular philosophical school.;;Two Dogmas of Empiricism
;;This artist included tracks such as "There's Danger In Your Eyes, Cherie," "You Took the Words Right Out of My Heart" and "Everything Happens to Me" on his second solo album, in which this artist was "Alone in San Francisco," and he appeared on the Don Byas album Midnight at Minton's, one of his first recordings. Another album by this artist of "Well, You Needn't" features the tracks "Ba-lue Bolivar Ba-lues-are" and "I Surrender Dear," and this artist is also responsible for the songs (*) "Green Chimneys" and "Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea," which appear on the albums Brilliant Corners and Straight, No Chaser respectively. For 10 points, name this jazz artist who, with Cootie Williams, recorded "'Round Midnight.".;;(Thelonious) Monk
;;This author challenged Aldous Huxley's views on drugs in his article "Return Trip to Nirvana" and wrote a history of early astronomy entitled The Sleepwalkers. This author's only play was Twilight Bar, while he wrote about the establishment of a kibbutz in occupied Palestine in his Thieves in the Night. Another work of this author features psychoanalyst Sonia Bulgar and a man who escapes to Neutralia after refusing to give information to Fascists despite being burned with cigars, (*) Peter Slavek. This author's best-known work features a character known first as Hare-Lip, who the protagonist's former associate, Kieffer, and who testifies against the protagonist, the ex-Comissar of the People imprisoned in cell 404. For 10 points name this Hungarian-born author of Arrival and Departure who wrote about Rubashov's imprisonment and execution in Darkness at Noon.;;(Arthur) Koestler
;;At the bottom right corner of this painting, a woman looks to the sky with her hands in the air. Directly in front of that woman is another woman who looks back toward the title event as she runs away carrying a baby, and a child in green holds on to her dress and looks toward the viewer. A bronze statue faces away from the scene, and the extreme top right of the work sees numerous soldiers on top of a roof. In the bottom left, a wounded drummer looks on toward the title event in the painting's center, and directly behind that drummer stand numerous musketeers. Possibly inspired by Benjamin West, the artist depicts a Royal Ethiopian soldier who was not actually present at the title event. The center of the painting is dominated by a Union Jack flying over soldiers carrying the dead body of the title character, killed by a musket ball to the chest as his troops secure victory. For 10 points, name this painting depicting the demise of the commander of British forces in the Battle of Jersey, a work of John Singleton Copley.;;(The) Death of Major Peirson
;;This work's chapter on "The Object Forms," contains a derivation of place identity known as "Plid," while an earlier section approvingly cites Ernst Cassirer in support of the assertion that "characterizing unique entities through contexts of laws," requires relational concepts. Essential relations are held to be the domain of metaphysics in this work, whose sections "About Mind-Body Dualism," and "The Nature of the Intentional Relation," are contained in its last chapter, "Clarification of Some Philosophical Problems." At the outset of this work, the author claims that "there is only one domain of objects, and therefore only one science," and that section lays out a plan for creating a "costruictional system of objects." That system is outlined in the books fourth section, which concerns autopsychological, physical, and cultural objects, and this work's final section on the "Aims and Limits of Science," claims that science has no limits and references Moritz Schlick's distinction between metaphysics and knowledge, holding that the former consist of things that are not definable through constructable concepts. For ten points, identify this work strongly influenced by its author's participation in the Vienna Circle, the magnum opus of Rudolf Carnap.;;(The) Logical Structure of the World
;;One character in this work expresses fear at being alone with another character and his big staff, which that character claims comes from Ygddrasil. The title character of this work visits the Cathedral of the Sacred Thorn in Cameliard in a chapter entitled "Efficacy of Prayer," and in a chapter about the "Economics of" the title character, he declines to sleep with a woman that he has been pursuing. At one point in this work, the title character is disappointed to learn that Helen is married to Achilles, but nevertheless goes to Pseudopolis, and in the next chapter that character marries the Hamadryad Chloris. In a chapter concerning "What Grandfather Satan Reported," the title character is surprised to learn that Satan's wife doesn't understand him either, and in the penultimate chapter, the title character trades the shirt of Nessus to Koschei the Deathless for the freedom of his wife, whose talking Koschei cannot stand. Set in the fictional realm of (*) Poictesme, for 10 points, identify this novel in which the title character visits the underworld in search of his wife Dame Lisa, the most famous work of James Branch Cabell.;;Jurgen
;;In deriving the partial wave expansion for scattering theory, this theorem is applied to the transition operator, and it can be used to simplify the integral of three spherical harmonics through a special case of it known as Gaunt's formula. One of its namesakes discussed this theorem in a seminal paper titled "The Application of Group theory to the Quantum Dynamics of Monatomic Systems," and a simplified version of this theorem from physics is known as the (*) projection theorem, which is used to derive a generalization of the Lande g-factor. In this theorem, the right hand side of the equality consists of two factors, one of which represents a Clebsch-Gordon coefficient while the other refers to the system dynamics, and this theorem can also be written in terms of one of its namesake's eponymous 3j symbol. For 10 points, identify this doubly-eponymous theorem which yields the matrix elements of tensor operators with respect to angular momentum eigenstates, and is partly named for a man who also names a unit cell with Seitz, as well as a thought experiment involving his namesake friend.;;Wigner(-)Eckhart (theorem)
;;This polity's important deities include the creator siblings Mawu and Lisa, and its several thunder gods included Xeviso. This polity was home to an annual festival in which criminals hear messages to the dead and are then sacrificed, and in this kingdom, every male official had a female counterpart that would report on his activities to the king. This kingdom conquered the Kingdom of (*) Wiyadh, and one king of this polity conquered Allada, giving them access to the coast. This kingdom became a tribute state of the Oyo kingdom during the reign of Agadja, but this kingdom managed to repulse Oyo under a leader who overthrew Andazon and rasied funds through the slave trade, named Ghezo. This kingdom was defeated by Alfred-Amedee Dodds during a war against the French Third Republic, and one group of soldiers from this polity was an all-female force called the Mino, or Amazons. Largely consisting of the Fon people, for 10 points, name this kingdom with capital at Agbome, located in modern-day Benin.;;Dahomey
;;In the Sarvastivada theory of this concept, it is divided into 72 formed types and three unformed ones, resulting in 75 total instances of it. The Madhyamaka school denies that any instances of this concept are real, while the Theravada theory of this concept is discussed in such texts as the Dhatukatha, or The Discussion of Elements. Mahayana Buddhism contrasts the kaya or "body" of this concept with the rupakaya, or the physical body, and this doctrine gives its name to a monk who made 48 vows before becoming the Amitabha Buddha. The practice of this (*) Buddhist doctrine is outlined in the monastic instructions called the Vinaya, while its practical applications together with rules, are discussed in the Pratimoksha, and this term also applies to those rules. This doctrine was the subject of the Buddha's first sermon, which concerns turning its namesake wheel, and in addition to Buddha and sangha, this concept forms the third of the Three Jewels of Buddhism. For 10 points, identify this Buddhist religious term which is most commonly used to refer to natural law.;;dharma
;;This artist showed a small man with a red straw hat standing in the middle of a circle of four tall dancers on the right of his painting The Chinese Dance, and his portrait The Milliner (The Morning) is part of a series commissioned by the Swiss ambassador Count Tessin depicting the four times of day. He depicted Apollo driving a chariot of four white horses to meet Tethys and the Nereids in one of his two companion pieces found in the Wallace Collection, The Setting of the Sun, In the poem "Asides on the Oboe," Wallace Stevens wrote of the "gods" that this artist "killed." He was criticized for the (*) "porcelain heads" of portraits such as The Blonde Odalisque, but he gained notoriety for a painting of two characters from Jerusalem Delivered. A bronze vase is lying atop blue flowers while a cherub is picking up a string of perarls from a half-shell tray at the bottom of a portrait by this artist in which a woman is being attended by three cherubs during her morning preparation. For 10 points, name this Rococo artist best known for The Toilet of Venus and painting several portraits of Madame de Pompadour.;;(Francois) Boucher
;;An internal version of this reaction can be used to synthesize mandelic acids from phenylglyoxal derivatives, while Curini and Rosati used ytterbium trifalte to combine it with an oxidation in a one-pot reaction. An asymmetric variation of this reaction uses phenylglyoxal, while a more interesting variant uses sacrificial paraformaldehyde to increase yield. Another variation using an alkoxide goes through a 1,3 (*)-hydride shift and is named for Tischenko, and one intermediate in this reaction contains a negative charge on two different oxygen atoms, which then undergoes hydride transfer with the original aldehyde to produce a pair of products. Originally discovered using benzaldehyde and hydroxide, For 10 points, name this reaction which produces an alcohol and carboxylic acid through disproportionation, named for an Italian.;;Cannizzaro (Reaction)
;;One section of this work discusses the Yoruban insult, "you don't know nine times nine" which means "you are an idiot" and that chapter opens by examining J. S. Mill's assertion in A System of Logic that "two and one are equal to three [expresses] . . . an inductive truth." In addition to "The Art of Counting," this book cites words meant to copy animal sounds such as "hiss" and "buzz" to demonstrate "emotional and imitative language." One section of this book discusses the practice of saying "God Bless You" after sneezing to demonstrate how the phrase is related to the ancient doctrine that sneezing makes one vulnerable to possession by evil spirits. This work discusses the children's game of playing with bow and arrow and the European practice of blood-letting as examples of its theory of "survivals," which are outdated practices that are retained despite being unnecessary. Building off research done for the author's first book Anahuac, this book is subtitled "Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom." For 10 points, name this work of anthropology that argued "animism" was the first form of religion, written by Edward Tylor.;;Primitive Culture
;;One character in this work compares women to burs, as, "Where their affection throws them, there they'll stick," while another likens a slatternly maid to a walnut tree, claiming she "must be cudgell'd ere she bear good fruit." At one point in this play a ghost appears holding a pot of lilies containing a skull and throws dirt on a man disguised as Mulinassar. In this play's second scene a woman fabricates a dream set in a graveyard to incite her lover to murder her husband, which he does by pushing him off a vaulting-horse. That character is convicted of the murder and sentenced to confinement in a home for reformed prostitutes. A duel inspired by lust for (*) Zanche leads to the murder of Marcello by his brother Flamineo, who is later killed after a fake suicide pact backfires. The primary villain in this play is driven mad by a poisoned helmet, which allows Lodovico to exact revenge on a man who murdered his wife Isabella in order to facilitate his affair with the title character, Vittoria Corombona. For 10 points name this revenge play in which Duke Ursini of Brachiano is murdered, a work by John Webster.;;(The) White Devil
;;Contemporary chronicles of this battle were written by monks from the nearby monastery of Marchiennes and by Roger of Wendover. Prior to this battle, a siege of La Roche-au-Moine had been raised by forces under William des Roches. One commander in this battle was captured after making a last stand with a circle of seven hundred Brabancon pikemen, while one side gathered at Valenciennes before it. Initially one side's knights refused to engage with some mounted Soissons men-at-arms, while on the left wing of this battle Phillip of Dreux managed to capture (*) William Longsword. The loser of this battle, supported by Renaud of Boulogne and Ferrand of Flanders, was replaced by Frederick II Hohenstaufen and had been excommunicated by Pope Innocent III. This battle was fought in Flanders, and saw the forces of the Holy Roman Empire under Otto IV defeated by Philip Augustus. For 10 points, name this battle that resulted in England losing its territories in Anjou and Normandy, leading to the signing of the Magna Carta.;;(Battle) (of) Bouvines
;;One game developed by this company allows you to select seven different "Planet Runners" as a mercenary for a mining company, and another game developed by this company sees Emperor Zizzy Ballooba attempt to destroy the Earth. In addition to Shattered Steel and MDK2, this company is developing the "Eclipse Engine" for use in Dragon Age: Origins. Another game by this developer asks the player to choose between The Way of the Open Palm and The Way of the Closed Fist, and the protagonist is accompanied by Sagacious Zu and Dawn Star. Another game by this company sees the player cure the Wailing Death and defeat Morag inside the Source Stone and features the (*) Aurora toolset. This is more famous for a game in which the Reapers attempt to destroy all life with Saren's help, and another in which the player discovers that he is Darth Revan. For 10 points, name this game company famous for Jade Empire, Neverwinter Nights, depicting Commander Shepard in Mass Effect, and Knights of the Old Republic.;;BioWare (Corp)
;;This poet wrote about the lute that "under the dreamer's golden canopy" could "from its belly alone / give birth to you like a son" in the poem "A Lace Curtain Self-Destructs." One of this poet's speakers argues for the superiority of imagination to reality by noting, "My hunger, feasting on no present fruits / finds in their learned lack an equal zest" in a poem opening "My old books closed once more on Paphos' name," while his poem "Sea-Breeze" notably begins, "The flesh is sad, alas! And I have read all the books." The speaker of another poem asserts, "The Poet revives with a naked sword his ageeven as Eternity brings him at last to Himself" while looking at a monument to that poet. This poet wrote the unfinished prose poem (*) Dice Thrown Never Will Annul Chance and the aforementioned "The Tomb of Edgar Poe," but his best known poem ends with the speaker lamenting, "Adieu, you two. I shall see the shade you are" after letting two nymphs he hoped to ravish escape. For 10 points, name this French poet of "The Afternoon of the Faun.".;;(Stephane) Mallarme
;;One adherent of this artistic movement illustrated Blaise Cendrars' poem "The Prose of the Trans-Siberian and of Little Jehanne of France." It was adopted much later for a time by Romanian composer Iancu Dumitrescu, and the principles of this movement were applied to textiles and pottery by Sofia Terk. Musicologist Gabrielle Buffet was a brief participant in this movement, as were the Synchromists Patrick Bruce and Arthur Frost. This group's theories were expounded in the short-lived magazine Montjoie!, and its manifesto was translated for the magazine Der Sturm by Paul Klee. Characteristic works in the style of this movement include a series of "Fugal" pictures by Frantisek Kupka and two paintings of an American girl named Udnie by Francis (*) Picabia. This movement's most prominent figure created a notable series of paintings of the Eiffel tower, but most of his works in this style consist of numerous circles of color. Originally named by Guillaume Apollinaire, this is, for 10 points, what offshoot of cubism founded by Robert Delaunay and named for a mythical Greek musician?.;;Orphism
;;The Storrow Committee was an unsuccessful attempt to avoid this event, which Francis Russell wrote about in A City in Terror. One official called this event "a crime against civilization," and it was partly inspired by the ineffectiveness of a Social Club which Frank McCarthy attempted to reform. This event led to a group of sailors stoning bystanders and smashing windows and a brief takeover by gangs, and it failed due to lack of support by the (*) Central Labor Union. Andrew J Peters called in a militia to handle this event, which eventually lead to the hiring of some one thousand veterans. This event occurred after Edwin Upton Curtis refused to adjust wages for inflation and recognize a union chartered by the AFL, and it notably propelled the governor to the vice presidential ticket under Warren G Harding. For 10 points, name this September 1919 event handled by Governor Calvin Coolidge, a strike involving law enforcement agents in an East Coast city.;;Boston Police Strike
;;This man created a system of horse breeding that gave horses to civilian families to take care of in order to deal with an export embargo, and this man published a dictionary entitled Explanations of Characters. This man's rudimentary work was collected in his "Thousand Word Memorial," and was responsible for eliminating rote memorizations of the classics and poetry composition from the national academy. This man was partially inspired by the 10-point memorial and Qingli reforms of Fan Zhongyan, and also created the baojia system to organize the military and called for the elimination of private monopolies, setting up one of the earliest approximations of a welfare state. This man's (*) New Policies were opposed by Su Dongpo and Ouyang Xiu, and eventually the seasonal loans his policies gave to farmers led to conservative factions ousting him. An official under the Emperor Shenzhong, this man was also opposed by the author of the history Zizhi Tongjian, Sima Guang. For 10 points, name this Song Dynasty chancellor who pressed for many liberal reforms.;;Wang (Anshi)
;;One of this man's compositions contains a sole character named "M" who hears aliens tell him "It is pointless to remember." One of his operas includes a crowd of men wearing top hats and gas masks passing around cannonballs until they suffocate, and also contains a scene in which a crowd is obliterated after a rocket blasts off from the Statue of Liberty's head.  In addition to that work that juxtaposes an (*) ice-age landing of aliens with Christopher Columbus's trip, he set poems like "Aunt Rose" and "Father Death Blues" as songs in another opera. This man composed an opera that begins by depicting the "Kuru field of justice," and another of his operas alternates between Year 17 and present-day, in addition to works like 1000 Airplanes on the Roof and The Voyage.  For 10 points, name this composer who used the poetry of the autistic Christopher Knowles as the basis for the "knee plays" that make up one of his operas, the composer of Hydrogen Jukebox, Satyagraha, Akhnaten, and Einstein on the Beach.;;(Philip) (Morris) Glass
;;Bart Schultz wrote about this man's feminism, and titled a book [this man]: Eye of the Universe.  One of this man's works notably claimed that the only thing that could ultimately be judged to be good was a mode of human existence. He wrote about the undesirability of "The Morality of Strife" and "The Ethics of Relgious Conformity" in another one of his works, and a further work by this man discusses the importance of the Individualistic Minimum. The author of Practical Ethics and The Elements of Politics, one of this man's most notable students was the author of Principia Ethica, George Edward Moore, although his own best known work claimed that its title constructions came out of a series of judgments which didn't only apply in the case of consequences and introduced the term the "Dictate of Reason." For 10 points, name this nineteenth century British philosopher, a utilitarian best known for writing The Methods of Ethics.;;(Henry) Sidgwick
;;In Randall-Sundrum scenarios in low energy regimes, this phenomenon's 4-dimensional version, which acts on a scalar field bounded by the Dirichlet condition, appears as a resonant mode, and the expression describing it contains an encoding term for higher dimensions. The Carugno-Onofrio experiment attained a 15% agreement with its theoretical value using a cantilever, though (*) Mohideen's method attains better agreement with a polystyrene modified Atomic Force Microscope. It may be thought of as a dielectric-specific van der Waals force, though it arises from the variation of zero-point energy over vacuum boundary fluctuations, and is typically demonstrated with perfectly flat mirrors. For 10 points, name this effect named for a Dutch dude, that describes the piconewton-scale attractive relationship between two uncharged conducting plates a vacuum.;;Casimir(-)Polder (Effect)
;;One of this work's chatpers discusses the importance of the hymn "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" in addition to Dvorak's Symphony from the New World, as well as their influence on the music of Aaron Copland. That chapter is "The Contemporary Scene: Literature and the Arts," which describes the idea that the titular group of this work's contributions typically come from music. The conclusion of this book discusses how the Native Americans preferered extinction, in contrast to another group. Another chapter in this work discusses the importance of establishing a baseline from whcih change can be measured; that chapter is "The Search for Tribal Origins," which appears before a chapter that claims that religion is necessary to meet the social frustrations of the title group after its emergence from Slavery, "The Significance of Africanisms." For 10 points, name this work which attempts to deconstruct the narrative of a missing black history in the United States, a book by the author of Man and His Works, Melville Herskovits.;;(The) Myth of the Negro Past
;;In this work, officious street patrollers attempting to catch impious meat-carriers during Lent are duped by a country girl whose basket contains not a lamb's head, but an illegitimate child. One character marries a Welshwoman who supposedly owns 19 mountains at the end of this work. One protagonist's older brother claims to possess miraculous water that will allow another character to be impregnated, but the actual knocking up occurs while that character's husband is taking a prescribed five-hour horse ride.  Lady Kix's pregnancy leads to financial problems for the villain of this play, who cuckolds the willing (*) Allwit.  The protagonists of this work rise from their coffins alive and well to be married at its end, and this play's primary antagonist is the philandering Sir Walter Whorehound.  For 10 points, name this play that ends with the marriage of Touchstone and Moll Yellowhammer, a comedy by Thomas Middleton about a girl from a London neighborhood.;;(A) Chaste Maid in Cheapside
;;He played a wedding dress salesman who drinks "Pusan painkillers" and earns a date with 99 after reuniting with his Korean War platoonmate Maxwell Smart on Get Smart, and a gambler who punches Burgess Meredith over a bar in the Twilight Zone episode "Mr. Dingle, the Strong." This actor headlined numerous failed TV shows, such as C.P.O. Sharkey and a co-starring vehicle with Richard Lewis, (*) Daddy Dearest. In film, he played the greedy carnival owner in X: The Man with the X-Ray Eyes and was the character known as "Sergeant Crapgame" in Kelly's Heroes. Later, he played Billy Sherbert in Casino and voiced Mr. Potato Head in the Toy Story series. He began his most distinctive talent when he quipped, "Come right in, Frank. Make yourself at home. Hit somebody." after seeing Frank Sinatra in an audience.  For 10 points, identify this comedian, whom Sinatra called "bullethead" for his baldness and who is known for his large repertoire of insults.;;(Don) Rickles
;;A ruler of this state once reversed his monastic abdication to lead a coup against his son, who had reverted to paganism. During the decline of this polity, a pig farmer named Ivaylo occupied the capital for three years. That was followed by the rule of the weak Terter and Shishman dynasties. This states was overrun following the Battle of Velbuzhd, where it lost to Stefan Duan. Founded by the sons of (*) Kubrat, rulers of its Asen Dynasty included Kaloyan. This state's leader Tervel was an ally of Justinian II, though later relations with the Byazantine Empire soured and Nicephorus I's skull was made into a goblet by this state's ruler Krum. It was Christianized under Boris I, and Simeon I built up its tile-working capital of Preslav, though this khanate's best-known ruler may be Samuel, who died of shock after seeing the soldiers blinded by his Byzantine opponent For 10 points, name this medieval empire where the Bogomil heresy arose, and whose inhabitants were notably "slain" by Basil II.;;Bulgarian (empire)
;;One character in this novel gives free haircuts at a mission after being abandoned by his wife, who poisoned his dog before leaving, while another character in this novel, Sandra, is found dead with parts of her face gnawed off by dogs.  Another character nostalgically recalls her time as a singer at the saloon where Oscar Reo tends bar, the Gilded Cage. The protagonist of this novel is seduced by a married woman who once wandered outside wearing only a hat, (*) Katrina Daugherty, and he travels for a time with the Vassar-educated former pianist Helen Archer.  The protagonist of this novel had gone into self-imposed exile after using his baseball-throwing skills to kill Howard Allen, a scab trolley conductor, by throwing a rock.  The central character of this novel accidentally dropped and killed Gerald, his infant son.  For 10 points, name this novel that sees Francis Phelan encounter ghosts, the third in the Albany Series by William Kennedy.;;Ironweed
;;One of this author's characters is the namesake of a John Barth character who suffers from a disease called cosmopsis, the protagonist of The End of the Road. This author's first play opens in the "gripe's house, in the evening" with Lady Flippant bitching about her good-for-nothing husband to Mrs. Joyner, and a better-known work by this author contains the common women Mrs. Flirt and Mrs. Flounce and centers on Mr. (*) Gerard's sexual liberation of a cloistered-off 14 year old girl. In addition to writing Love in a Wood and the aforementioned play based on a Calderon work in which Hippolyta and her fiancee escape to France, The Gentleman Dancing Master, this author wrote a play in which a page sent by one character turns out to be a woman, causing the protagonist to forget Vernish and Olivia, and a play "cleaned up" by David Garrick in which Harcourt and Alithea end up together while Margery is seduced by a man pretending to be a eunuch, Harry Horner. For 10 points, name this Restoration dramatist of The Plain Dealer and The Country Wife.;;(William) Wycherley
;;One of this man's enemies was deposed by the Synod of Tyre after refusing to reconcile this man with the church as ordered by the Emperor. Jehovah's Witnesses view him as a forerunner to Charles Russell. Dying before he could receive his mandated communion from Alexander of Constantine, this man defended himself in a series of popular songs known as his Thalia. His writings were burned when he was banished to Illyricum, and most of his ideas are in concert with his ally Meletius. Integrating Neo-Platonism with a literal reading of the New Testament, his ideas were rejected and replaced with a creed associated with Athanasius. For 10 points, name this man who believed that Christ was only a creation of God and not truly divine and whose heresy was discussed at Nicaea.;;Arius
;;100 Nazi-sponsored activists that campaigned against this country's government were led by Ernst Neumann and Theodor von Sass. It saw a massive book-smuggling operation carried out by Masiulis and Bielinis in response to a Konstantin Kaufman ban of the use of the Latin alphabet by this country's language, and while serving as ambassador to this country, Chiune Sugihara issued thousands of passports to Jews. One prime minister of this nation from the Peasant Populist Party here, Kazys Grinius, was deposed in a coup led by Augustinas Voldemaras and the former head of the Taryba, Antanas (*) Smetona. This country was led by the one-time fascist Iron Wolf party and had much earlier won the Battle of Saule under the leadership of Mindaugas and fought a civil war after signing a treaty with the Teutonic Knights, which resulted in the crowning of Vytautas the Great. For 10 points, name this Baltic nation which united with Poland at the Union of Lublin.;;Lithuania
;;In one section of this poem, its speaker addresses the title subject as a "messenger of sympathies" and a "wax and wane in lovers' eyes." The names of "Demon, Ghost, and Heaven" remain from a "vain endeavor" in this poem, in which the speaker later recalls "[calling] on poisonous names with which our youth is fed." The speaker urges the title entity to stay "lest the grave should be/like life and fear, a dark reality" in a section urging it to "depart not," and earlier it is suggested that that departure brought "this dim vast vale of tears, vacant and desolate." One stanza of this poem is focused on the speaker's (*) boyhood pursuit of ghosts and in its end "the day becomes more solemn and serene." In the opening of this poem influenced by Julie, or the New Heloise, the titular entity  "visits with inconstant glance/Each human heart and countenance" like "summer winds that creep from flower to flower," and "floats though unseen among us." Opening with the titular "awful shadow of some unseen Power," for 10 points, name this ode by Percy Bysshe Shelley.;;Hymn to Intellectual Beauty
;;In Jamacia Kincaid's Autobiography of My Mother, the protagonisat, Xuela, marries a doctor with this name, and in Fuentes's Terra Nostra, a character by this name is intent on constructing a building that will contain all of space and time. Jusepe de Ribera depicted the saint with this name being hoisted up onto a crucifix as a man in red restrains his leg, and a Duke with this name established the Order of the Golden Fleece and was a patron of Rogier van der Weyden. Satan takes on this name while traveling the world in (*) Twain's "The Mysterious Stranger."  A fictionalized ruler with this name appoints Crespo to the title position in The Mayor of Zalamea, while an actual ruler with this name ordered the arrest of the Knights Templar and was the father of Louis X. For 10 points, identify this name shared by a king of France called "The Fair" as well as that guy who wrote American Pastoral.;;Philip
;;A domain present in these proteins and primases has a structure similar to a Rossman fold. Anti-cancer drugs such as anthracyclines and acridines are thought to stabilize the complex formed by this protein and its substrate, while a more popular inhibitor of these enzymes is the alkaloid camptothecin. One type of these, which exhibits ATPase activity, initially binds to the Gate segment, after which the T segment (*) moves through the central cavity while the substrate is rigidly held, while type I of these enzymes allow for rotation and re-ligation after proceeding through a phospho-tyrosine intermediate. The first example of it was discovered in E. Coli and was called gyrase. For 10 points, identify these enzymes which change their substrate's linking number, one of which relieves positive and negative supercoiling by cutting and reconnecting DNA.;;topoisomerases
;;This work's fourth section cites Scotus Erigena as having misattributed Socrates's death as having come from a lost debate with Helleborus and notes that successively refined determinations of the speed of light ought to converge. This work's third section in turn considers the denotations of "weight," "force," and "path," leading to an explanation of a method for considering acceleration through vector addition the author calls the "parallelogram of forces," which is followed by a comparison of a French phrase and its English equivalent. By considering a tune that consists of a series of notes, only one of which may be perceived at once, this essay distinguishes between what we are immediately and mediately conscious of. The author claims that an old twofold doctrine, which he calls an "ornament of logic," ought to be relegated to a "cabinet of curiosities," and, using the example of communion wine, proposes that the conception of an object's practical effects being the whole conception of the object constitutes the rule for conveying the "third grade of clearness of apprehension." For 10 points, identify this essay by the author of "The Fixation of Belief," Charles Sanders Pierce.;;How to Make Our Ideas Clear
;;This thinker revised his opinion on Henry Hobson Richardson in his second book on architecture, observing that his attacks against new building types like the railroad station made him the "originating genius" of modern architecture. This author of Sticks and Stones and The Brown Decades wrote about the spread of "purposeless materialism" due to the title features, which, like poems, are "creatures of thought" and supposed that Cubism was the first movement not to associate the title features with ugliness. This author also expressed concern that "post-historic man" might give in to "pneumatic bliss" and favor the automatism of an "underground control center" over what had previously been "organic" and "personal" before considering the two poles of movement and settlement in "Animal Promptings and Foreshadowings," the second chapter of his most famous work, which complements another that begins with the moment that time became fungible, the development of the clock. For 10 points, name this author of Technics and Civilization who considered "The Myth of Megalopolis" as well as the "Crystallization" of the title entity in The City in History.;;(Lewis) Mumford
;;This author discussed a return trip from New York to Le Havre in My Discovery of America. The speaker of one of his poems will "delightfully retch in your face" and is the "sounds squanderer and words profligate." This author of "Take That!" published his first two poems in A Slap in the Face of Public Taste and wrote a play with a cast of six devils, seven saints, and seven pairs of the clean and unclean. A speaker of one of his poems will give a "final, farewell (*) concert," and play his flute on his backbone, and in a delirious work set in Odessa, the speaker is spurned by the married Maria. In addition to Mystery-Bouffe, his plays include one in which a time machine brings the Phosphorescent Woman from 2030, The Bathhouse, and one in which the Director of the Zoo cages Ivan Prisypkin and the title insect. For 10 points, name this Russian Futurist author of "A Cloud in Trousers" and The Bedbug.;;(Vladimir) (Vladimirovich) Mayakovsky
;;Two bulk mechanisms for the quantum-confined version of this effect complement an interface-based mechanism as the value of the envelope function changes, thereby changing the value of the overlap integral. Zinc oxide wurtzite-like crystalline films demonstrate a "giant" form of this effect, (*) which has been observed in water at the EDL, or electric double layer, on the interface between the water and an electrode. This effect is used in materials like potassium titanyl phosphate to make namesake modulators found in Q-switching lasers, since they serve as voltage-controlled wave plates; those cells require a smaller voltage than analogous constructs using nitrotoluene. This effect may only occur in crystals that lack an inversion center, unlike the closely analogous Kerr effect. For 10 points, name this phenomenon, which occurs when an electric field induces a linear, not quadratic, birefringence.;;Pockels (effect)
;;Minor characters in this work include the assistant manager at Keating and Bradley Sanitary Engineers, William Olafson, and a man who killed his abusive father and eventually jumps off a bridge, Bud Korpenning. Another character in this novel drunkenly marries the slatternly Pearline then dies after setting his own apartment on fire out of shame. That character, (*) Stan Emery, had previously knocked up a woman married to the homosexual actor John Oglethorpe. Events are set in motion in this novel after a train accident involving the milkman Gus McNiel, who later runs for mayor against his lawyer. The protagonist and his wife Ellen work for the Red Cross in Europe during World War I but drift apart upon their return, leading her to accept the proposal of the unscrupulous lawyer George Baldwin.  Ending with the protagonist walking down a highway away from New York City, this is, for 10 points, what novel about the reporter Jimmy Herf by Jon Dos Passos?.;;Manhattan Transfer
;;One figure in this myth system assists the depilation by tweezers of several figures by holding up a mirror, and another is an infernal deity that receives child sacrifices and brings nightmares. This mythology contains a demon with a vulture-like beak and snake hair that presides over a board game and is named Tuchulcha. One indigenous god of this people wears a conical hat, wields an axe, and serves as a forge figure, while a creature with eyes on its wings in this myth system guides the deceased to the underworld wielding a torch. In addition to (*) Sethlans and Vanth, this mythology contains the winged deity Svutaf and two characters who founded twelve cities, as well as a plant god of revelry, Fufluns. Most of the deities in this myth system were alluded to in the Piacenza Liver, and its underworld is governed by Aita. Its chief trinity consists of Uni, Menrva, and its chief scepter-wielding deity, Tinia. For 10 points, name this system of beliefs held by an Italic culture that was defeated at the battle of Veii by the Romans.;;Etruscan (mythology)
;;A self-consistent field method to obtain the values predicted by these was developed by Clementi and Raimondi. These statements extended a system developed for by Clarence Zener for second period elements, and they ignored the radial nodes of the wavefunction since the nodes occur much closer to the nucleus compared to the hydrogen atom. The last one of these statements assigns a (*) modified value to the principle quantum number, and that quantity divides the main quantity calculated using these rules. They ignore electrons in outer shells compared to the electron being considered, and they group ns and np orbitals together. In addition, they assign certain d and f electrons a value of one due to their poor penetrating power. For 10 points, name these eponymous rules used to estimate the effective nuclear charge experienced by electrons.;;Slater's (rules)
;;The protagonist of one of this author's works concludes that "The war is temporary. But drawings and chocolate go on forever," while another of this man's characters plays an instrument that works by pulling cats' tails and aspires to appear on the quiz show "Who Am I." Novels by this man include a retelling set in 1940 of the life of King Arthur and a work featuring Bill and six other workers in a Chinese baby food factory who regularly have sex with the title character. An iniquitous critique by one philosopher of another's disparagement of the novel Lucinde is the subject of another work by this man, who spoofed Life Magazine profiles in (*) "Robert Kennedy Saved from Drowning." That story, along with "The Balloon" and "The Indian Uprising," was collected in Unspeakable Practices, Unnatural Acts. A proponent of "dialogue-arias," this is, for 10 points, what author of Snow White whose other short story collections include City Life and Come Back, Dr. Caligari.;;(Donald) Barthelme
;;An attempt at mediation by Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles between the government of the nation in which this event took place and opposition groups like the labor union CNOC and the radical group ABC failed to slow the unrest that led to this event. A bus drivers' strike was an immediate catalyst of this event; that strike caused the communist URC to lose credibility when its collusion with the current president was made public, causing his exile and the installment of Alberto Herrera, the favorite of the US government. Over 1,000 porristas, members of the secret police, were executed in the streets after (*) Gerardo Machado was exiled, leading to Herrera's replacement by Manuel de Cespedes. Beginning at the bases of La Cabana and Camp Columbia, this uprising brought to power a man who would twenty years later lead another coup against Carlos Prio Socarras. For 10 points - brought on by Cespedes' policy of non-promotion of junior officers, name this 1933 rebellion led by Fulgencio Batista in Cuba.;;Sergeants' (Revolt)
;;A chat between two Chinese people inspired this man's composition Amiable Conversation, and he also composed Concerto for Koto and Orchestra. His two-movement fifteenth symphony was nicknamed Thesis, and his eleventh of twenty symphonies begins by depicting a child's sleep, and was nicknamed Seven Rituals of Music. This man promoted music by his contemporaries in the periodical New Music, coined the term toccanta, and together with Leon Theremin, invented the rhythmicon. He wrote an opera based on the life of Bernardo O'Higgins, and he was inspired by William Walker's collection Southern Harmony to compose eighteen works for various instrumental combinations that are each entitled Hymn and Fuguing Tune. One work by this composer requires an assistant to depress the (*) damper pedal and begins with the performer using a finger, from low to high, to sweep the string of a piano. In another work that represents the sound of ocean waves this composer introduced secondal harmonies, which were created by striking the piano keys with the fist or forearm. For 10 points, name this pioneer of the "prepared piano" who composed The Aeolian Harp and made use of tone clusters in The Tides of Manaunaun.;;(Henry) Cowell
;;In 1997, this team gave a $1.7 million dollar bonus to 6th overall pick Geoff Goetz, and other top draft picks of that era include Ryan Jaroncyk and Neal Musser. Their top prospect three years running was Alex Escobar and they also signed Cuban defector Alay Soler, while concurrently, their number two prospect was Yusmeiro Petit. Some of their more recent international signees include Jefry Marte and Jenrry Mejia. Another of their past top prospects was known for his inability to (*) hit a home run, Jason Tyner, while they fielded a trio of pitchers with a collective nickname whose members included the career 40-58 pitcher Paul Wilson and flame-out Bill Pulsipher, Generation K. Currently playing 20 year old outfielder Fernando Martinez, this is, for ten points, what organization that also groomed Darryl Strawberry, Dwight Gooden, David Wright and Jose Reyes.;;(The) (New) (York) Mets
;;They couple to both quarks and leptons according to the Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky model, which is a competitor of the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov model.  A namesake solar telescope at CERN has been used to search for them as a result of their supposed production in stellar interiors via the Primakoff effect. (*) They were proposed in the Peccei-Quinn theory, and in certain string interactions predicted by quantum chromodynamics, these psuedo-Goldstone bosons may explain the lack of violation of CP-symmetry, which is known as the strong-CP problem. For 10 points, name these hypothetical light, pseudoscalar particles and dark matter candidates.;;axions
;;The son of the man who lost this battle was lured into a trap by Quintus Poppaedius Silo fifteen years later, and this battle was a follow-up to one where a storm prevented the destruction of the forces of Gnaeus Papirius Carbo at Noreia. One of this battle's survivors was a young Quintus Sertorius, who managed to swim across the Rhone in full armor. Occuring because the proconsul refused to relinquish command to the newly arrived consul, the novus homo Gnaeus Mallius Maximus, this battle was followed up by victories at Sextiae and Vercellae. A defeat for Quintus Servilius (*) Caepio, this battle led directly to the second consular election of Gaius Marius and his following military reforms. For ten points, name this battle fought on October 6, 105 BCE, in which a Roman army of 80,000 was almost completely slaughtered by the Teutones and Cimbri.;;(Battle) (of) Arausio
;;In one of this man's stories the narrator pays the maid Filli 100 Francs to tell him whether the titular creature has alighted on a vase, while another consists entirely of speculation as to the species of the title bird. In addition to "The Sparrow-Hawk" and  Dinard's Butterfly, this author wrote that it "was never a question of my fleeing" in a "letter" addressed from Olivia to Malvolio. The title creature of another poem is described as an "arrow of love on earth" as it crosses the Alps to reach "these shores of ours." That poem, "The Eel," is part of a collection that also contains some poems about "Volpe," The Storm. He calls his wife "the Fly" in a series of elegies upon her death, Xenia, while a more famous collection by this poet features a series of poems to "Clizia." This man's best-known work features poems like "Chrysalis" and "The Wall" and a poem in which "even the poor knowthe fragrance" of the titular "Lemon Trees." For 10 points name this Hermeticist Italian poet of Occasions and Cuttlefish Bones.;;(Eugenio) Montale
;;In the Lay of Harbard, Thor claims an action involving this figure was his greatest dead, and gold is called the mouth-number of this figure because he received his inheritance by taking mouthfuls of gold on the death of his father Olvalde.  This figure once prevented Hoenir from eating an oxen by preventing the broth from boiling, and after another figure struck this figure with a pole, the pole stuck.  This figure's eyes were turned into (*) stars when he was killed after passing through a wall of flame.  This figure resided in Thrymheim, and a child of this figure was the one who placed the venomous snake above Loki's face, and that child, after viewing the feet of all the Aesir, married Njord.  For 10 points, name this leader of the Jotun who turned into a giant eagle in order to kidnap Idunn, and who was the father of Skadi.;;Thiassi
;;Bohm-Bawerk offers that this concept's intensity is proportional to the "roundaboutness" of production process, and in the neo-classical growth model, investment is equal to the rate of depreciation times this value, plus the change in this value.  In endogenous growth models such as ones developed by Lucas and Romer, a particular version of this concept is included in the assessment of technological progress as knowledge accumulation. That same type of this concept is particularly affected by the "rest" problem, although no other types are. An eponymous controversy involved a debate between Cambridge professors Robinson and Sraffa and MIT professors Solow and Samuelson, and also involved the "aggregation problem" associated with this concept. Classically defined as one of the three factors of production along with land and labor, for 10 points, name this concept from economics, which also names a seminal multi-volume work by Karl Marx.;;capital
;;Robert Lowell noted a voice that was like "the crackling of thorns under a pot" in a poem about this author's death by drowning. A crash course in German at the urging of Thomas Carlyle helped this writer produce the first English translation of Eckermann's Conversations with Goethe, and this author included the short poem "To a Friend" in a catalogue of a journey west which also includes one of the first calls for preservation of Native American societies, A (*) Summer on the Lakes. The story of Orpheus's failed attempt to rescue Eurydice is used to evoke a future time when women can save men in an essay that also decries the cliche that "every strong woman" is said to have "a masculine mind"; that essay, "The Great Lawsuit," was included in her later book Woman in the Nineteenth Century. Called by Emerson the "best-read person in all of New England," for 10 points, name this Transcendentalist writer best known for editing that movement's journal, The Dial.;;(Margaret) Fuller
;;Martin Hagglund has attempted to refute the idea of a truly linear connection between the thought of Jacques Derrida and this earlier thinker, suggesting that they only "share a vocabulary," in direct opposition to a 1990 work by Simon Critchley called The Ethics of Deconstruction, subtitled for Derrida and this man. The first original work he published after rendering the first French translation of Husserl's Cartesian Meditations was the essay "On Escape," in which he analyzed the connections between the intentional ego and what he called the "embodied self." While a prisoner of war in a camp near Hanover in WWII, he began work on (*) Existence and Existents, in which he developed his concept of the "face-to-face" as the basis for ethical behavior, an idea he developed from Talmudic study and furthered in his best-known work, in which he said that the primary demand made by all humans upon encounter is "thou shalt not kill me." Author of Otherwise Than Being, for ten points, name this Lithuanian-born French philosopher who wrote Totality and Infinity.;;(Emmanuel) Levinas
;;A stone on the right side of this work features a nearly inscrutable picture of a bird, while on the left lies a stone on which the artist's initials have been engraved. A man in an orange cloak sits by the title character of this work stroking his leg. Scrolls and ink are on the floor on the left side of this work, and a lyre lies in the background behind the title character. On the upper left two people can be seen climbing a staircase , and exactly half of the figures in this painting are looking at the title character. A peg with a metal ring on it can be seen in the upper right of this work, in which the title character has one foot touching a cinder block and the other pointed toward a weeping man in red. The distraught individuals near the title figure are upset over the punishment given to the title character, who is reaching out for a goblet of hemlock. For 10 points name this painting by Jacques Louis David.;;(The) Death of Socrates|(La) Mort de Socrates
;;In this city, telescopes found in a three-domed observatory designed by T.E. Billquist include the Fitz-Clark Refractor, the Thaw Refractor, and the Keeler Memorial Reflector. One attraction in this city includes the Infinity Dots Mirrored Room, and this city is also home to National Aviary and the best known work of Charles Klauder. Manfred Honeck is the music director of the symphony orchestra of this city, which is home to a contemporary art museum known as the (*) Mattress Factory. Home to a landmark that contains 27 Nationality Rooms, this city also features Philip Johnson's PPG Place and the Andy Warhol Museum. This city is also home to the Hill District, whose redevelopment was central to the plot of the play Radio Golf, written by native author August Wilson. For 10 points, name this Pennsylvania city that is notably found at the confluence of three rivers, and is nicknamed the Steel City.;;Pittsburgh
;;Marczewski's problem asks if this theorem holds in rotational situations when the Property of Baire is exhibited. Its central proposition may be achieved via the Wallace-Bolyai-Gerwien Theorem if point-by-point pairing is required, and the existence of a Flner sequence identifies groups for which it does not hold, which include Borel sets. One of its strong versions is derived from the (*) Schroeder-Bernstein theory along with its primary example, which is based on a premise of the Vitali Theorem and is an extension of the Hausdorff Paradox. It was derived from the Axiom of Choice, to which it is often given as a counterexample. For 10 points, name this theorem that states that two three or higher dimensional non-empty bounded subsets of a Euclidean space can be decomposed into countably many disjoint subsets such that two congruent subsets of each may be assembled, named for two Polish mathematicians.;;Banach(-)Tarski (theorem)|(paradox)
;;A pagan temple in this city was famously turned into its Romanesque Rotunda di San Lorenzo, built with bricks in the local style and to emulate the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Alberti constructed a church to house a relic of Christ's blood, the Basilica di Sant'Andrea, in this home to Corregio's Metamorphoses series and the Feast of Cupid and Psyche, the latter by a man who also depicted trumpeting angels above as the titular group is crushed by pillars in The Fall of the Giants. That artist, Giulio Romano, was commissioned to construct this city's Palazzo Te, considered the epitome of Mannerist architecture, by its Duke Federico II. Its most famous building, an extension of the Castle of St. George, includes the Room of Archers and a room bounded by the "Meeting" and "Court" scenes most famous for a group of angels and a peacock who pear over the railing from an open section of sky painted to resemble an oculus. It is home to numerous works commissioned for the ruling Gonzaga family including Mantegna's Camera degli Sposi, the bridal chamber of the Ducal Palace. FTP, identify this Italian city in where Gilda is stabbed and "La donna e mobile" is sung in Verdi's Rigoletto, a city located East of Milan in Lombardy.;;Mantua
;;This author may have written the lines "Nature - Ethereal essence, fire divine, / Pure origin of all that Earth was fair," although it is attributed to James Wills, and that poem is called The Universe. In one of his plays, Adelmar rescues the title character from a snowstorm, even though earlier he had witnessed him kill Wallenberg's father and had denied him marriage to his daughter Urilda. In his last novel, Sir Redmond Blaney and Jane are married at the title haunted locale, Leixlip Castle. In addition to The Milesian Chief and The Fatal Revenge, this author is best known for a novel that begins with a character being told to (*) burn a portrait by his uncle. That character eventually falls into the sea after seeing an apparition, where he is told a tale about Immalee by a man whose family was controlled by evil monks. Eventually, in that novel by this author, the daughter of Don Francisco of Aliaga dies when giving birth to the child of the title character, a man who for two centuries tries to collect souls for Satan. For ten points, name this Irish author of Melmoth the Wanderer.;;(Charles) Maturin
;;The effect of high values of this measure in electrified nitrobenzene cells are approximated by Langevin-Born Theory, and it may be alleviated by the Senarmont method.  Cross-sectional areas of three dimensional surfaces across which it occurs may be imaged in convergent beam electron diffraction via higher order Laue zone energy analysis. (*) One governing equation gives the complex electric permittivity of a dielectric as a function of angular momentum and contains the term negative two over pi times the Cauchy principle value. That expression, which implies the existence of its real and imaginary components, is the Kronig-Kramers relation. The Sellmeier Equation determines the strength of its optical form, which may be used to determine optic sign, while its measure in transparent materials is the Abbe Number. FTP, what is this measure of the variation in the refractive indices of a material with wavelength that causes the splitting of white light in a prism?.;;(Answer(:)) dispersion
;;John Horne Tooke's Fads Addressed to Landholders was a diatribe against this man, and this man was often supported by the Bishop John Butler, who wrote under the pseudonym Vindex. He initiated the downfall of the Duke of Choiseul when he sent ships to protect the Falkland Islands, and after holding his most famous position he propped up the Duke of Portland in a coalition with Charles (*) Fox. His ministry members included Lord George Germain and the Earl of Sandwich, and his passing of a bill allowing Catholics to serve in the military led to the Gordon Riots. For 10 points, identify this British prime minister under whose tenure the American Revolutionary War was fought.;;(Frederick(,)) (Lord) North(,) (2nd) (Earl) (of) (Guilford)
;;One impediment encountered in this procedure can be overcome with the use of compounds such as dansyl chloride, while an earlier technique developed by Max Bergmann overcomes that impediment by benzoylating the sample. D.H. Williams combined this technique with fast atomic bombardment to create the "subtractive" type of it, and G.S. Begg and its namesake used humpback whale myoglobin as a reagent in the first (*) automated method of performing this reaction. The second step of this reaction is performed with anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid as the cleaving agent. Its first step uses a phenylisothiocyanate and it eventually creates a phenylthiohydantoin derivative that can be identified by electrophoresis, though other methods must be used to find disulfide bridges. For 10 points, identify this process where N-terminal amino acids are removed from a peptide chain, a method of protein sequencing named for a Swedish chemist.;;Edman (degradation)
;;Aristotle attributes the "Zion Dialectic" to this philosopher that theorized mules are infertile because their wombs are attached to their bellies. Another of his scientific theories is that salts are solidified because of the sun. One of this philosopher's works discusses that whatever is lawful extends through the wide-ruling air and boundless light, and a later part of it a father who killed his son with a prayer in preparation for a feast, and equates it with a time where the children kill their parents. This philosopher believed that animals housed sinful souls, and he also believed that there is a correlation between the soft blood of the body and the amount of air breathed in. This philosopher frequently referred to his "two-fold" truths, and he refers to entities that wander near the sea of life, those entities, are detached from the bodies, and are limbs. This man also theorized about the importance of a concept which makes many out of one, Strife. For ten points, name this philosopher who discussed the notion of the four elements before throwing himself into Mt. Etna.;;Empedocles
;;In this film, the protagonist memorably observes a girl in a green sweater staring at him with "fuck me eyes" while rocking out to "Addicted to Love." Later on, a bet made on the basketball court costs the protagonist his girlfriend Coral, who sleeps with his best friend, an abrasive Aussie who dreams of being a kept man and spouts wisdom in the form of "Coughlin's laws." The Beach Boys recorded "Kokomo" for the soundtrack of this film, whose protagonist finds work in Jamaica after walking out on his job at Cell Block and meets his future wife, heiress Jordan Mooney, who is played by a young Elizabeth Shue. Telling the story of former TGI-Fridays superstar Brian Flanagan, this is, FTP, what 1988 Tom Cruise film about the life of a New York City bartender?.;;Cocktail
;;The protagonist of this novel engages in a lengthy discussion of Hatchjaw and Bassett's critiques of a work known as Golden Hours, the author of which posits that sleep is actually just a rapid series of fainting fits. The protagonist of this work is inadvertently rescued by a gang of one-legged brigands led by Martin Finnucane, whose antics give the protagonist time to elude a character who believes people are inappropriately exchanging identities with their bicycles. The protagonist is obsessed with the fictional philosopher de Selby, and his life's goal is to codify de Selby's works. The plot of this novel is driven by the protagonist's desire to recover a cash box he'd stolen from Philip Mathers along with John Divney, who'd betrayed him shortly thereafter. That box eventually turns up in the possession of the title character, Fox, who reveals that the box contains an all-powerful substance called "Omnium" and that the narrator is actually dead. For 10 points name this novel by Flann O'Brien.;;(The) Third Policeman
;;One politician with this last name served in his state's Ninth Cavalry Division in the Confederacy under John Morgan and was attacked by James Wood for advocating a six-day work week. Another politician with this name served Lindley Garrison in Woodrow Wilson's cabinet and was the attorney of Charles Lindbergh. Another man with this name ran against John M. Clayton in Arkansas, and was Minister to Russia before serving on the Dawes Commission. All of them are descendants from a man with this last name that succeeded Levi Lincoln as Thomas Jefferson's second (*) attorney general. The best known politician with this name commanded the Orphan Brigade, and was the final Confederate Secretary of War. That politician also formed an electoral ticket with Joseph Lane after serving as Vice President to James Buchanan. For 10 points, give this surname of some Kentucky politicians, most notably the Southern Democrat nominee who finished second in electoral voting in 1860.;;Breckenridge
;;The Limber approximation is commonly utilized to simplify the power law expression of the principle difference associated with this phenomenon. Second order nonlinear contributions to it have been shown to be equal to those given by the Kaiser-Stebbins effect, and at small angular scales, it may be enhanced or impaired by the Rees-Sciama or (*) kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects. One of its versions concerns the surface of last scattering, while its most commonly used form arises from dark energy models and occurs when certain particles traverse potential wells. Responsible for the ripples detected by the WMAP satellite, for 10 points, name this effect marked by the presence of temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background radiation first stated as equal to negative one third the gravitational potential phi times c squared, which is caused by the red shift of photons.;;Sachs(-)Wolfe (Effect)
;;One character in this work says that God "has a cheap cabin in the country" and "likes lentil soup." This work quotes the first four lines of "Last night the nightingale woke me" in between one character saying that she played the mandolin and the narrator telling her not to kick her sister, who has an arthritic heart. The second section of this work ends with a letter stating that "the key is in the sunlight at the window". One section of this work asks "what have I left out . . . what have I forgotten" before saying (*) "farewell / with a long black shoe" and repeating the refrain "with your eyes."  At the opening of this poem, the author  thinks, "Strange now to think of you, gone without corsets & eyes," and the phrase "Blessed be He!" appears numerous times in the "Hymmnn" which comes between two sections of this poem. This poem's last section alternates between crows shrieking "caw caw caw" and the narrator repeating "Lord Lord Lord."  For 10 points, name this long poem on the death of Naomi Ginsberg named by her son for the Jewish prayer for the dead.;;Kaddish
;;Along with Sara Eisner and Robert Robinson, he conducted an experiment that supported the practice of jurors taking notes during a trial. Along with Martin Seligman, he included factors like observer discomfort, suffering, and maladaptiveness in his seven features of abnormality. The follow-up to this psychologist's most notable experiment involved a certain institution identifying 41 confederates out of a possible zero. That experiment, which bears his name, featured several patients being described as "in remission" after their release from a hospital and was detected by patients in mental treatment facilities, but not the staff thereof. For 10 points name this Stanford psychologist whose namesake experiment involved sending normal people into mental hospitals and who published "On Being Sane in Insane Places" as a result.;;(David) Rosenhan
;;The protagonist of this work remarks that his home is a place neither for the public nor literature after learning that it has been turned into his town's public library, while the effeminate mannerisms of another character lead the protagonist to compare him to an "unmentionable monkey." At one point in this novel the protagonist longs to be reading a story by Theodor Storm, and after another character invites him to go riding the protagonist notes that he would rather read a book about horses than ride one. He later laments his inability to interest that character in (*) Schiller's Don Carlos. He notes that wearing a velveteen jacket does not make one an artist after his fastidious appearance is criticized by Lisabetta Ivanovna, who later accompanies him North to a resort in Aalsgaard, Denmark. There he recalls accidentally doing the female part of a dance in Herr Knack's class after seeing his boyhood friend, Hans Hansen, and his secret flame, Ingeborg Holm. For ten points name this novella by Thomas Mann.;;Tonio Kroger
;;In a play by this author the title fourteen year old boy waits for his father on a hotel bench until he is sent into the world by the astrologer Cox, while in another work, an architect grows closer to his gay son after engaging in an affair with an animal named Sylvia. In addition to Malcom and The Goat, this author wrote two one act plays meant to be performed together in which the title character wonders around a (*) giant cube quoting from his Little Red Book. He wrote about a hospital receptionist who vows to ruin the career of an intern before the arrival of a dying blues singer in The Death of Bessie Smith, while in another of his plays a man nicknamed "the penguin" is married to a woman whose attitudes at 26, 52, and 90 are represented by the characters A, B, and C. For 10 points name this playwright of Seascape and Three Tall Women who wrote about George and Martha's marital problems in Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf.;;(Edward) Albee
;;The only two eyewitness accounts of this event come from Antonfrancesco Cirni and Francisco Balbi di Correggio.  A planned outflanking maneuver during this engagement was ruined when Chevalier de Guiral opened fire at point blank range from Fort St. Angelo, although the attackers had slightly more success when assaulting from Mt. Sciberras.  Reinforcements under Don Garcia de Toledo arrived from (*) Sicily in time to intercept the fleeing attackers, though they had already taken Fort St. Elmo. This engagement saw the forces of Piali Pasha and Mustafa Pasha, commanders under Suleiman, fail to defeat the defenders under Jean de Valette. For 10 points, name this event wherein the Knights Hospitaller endured a prolonged Ottoman attack on a Mediterranean Island.;;(Great) Siege of Malta (of) (1565)
;;A common symbol in paintings of this title is a pair of scissors, some pieces of paper and other items  hanging in the background, while in one depiction of the crucification is on the top of some shelves with books next to it and birds can be seen outside the windows above.  In two depictions, a hat next to an hour glass is also on the wall, while one of them has a large pear shaped gourd hangs from the celling, referencing a debate the subject had over whether kikayon should be translated as gourd or ivy. A skull lies on the windowsill above a sleeping dog, which is awake and staring at the subject in one depiction, while while Ghirlandaio's in the Ognissanti has worn (*) Latin text at the top and has the subject looking towards the viewer. Fledglings are an addition in one of the works to the image of the peacock in the foregrounds, but most of them have lions, one of which is in the rear part of the large open room in Antonello da Messina depiction.  At the center of the paintings is the title subject hard at work over a book.  For ten points identify this painting subject, exemplified by the work of Lucas Cranach the Elder and Albrecht Durer of the translator of the Vulgate in his workspace.;;St(.) Jerome in His Study
;;This president's third Supreme Court appointment was notably independent of the political machine of Matthew Quay, causing that Pennsylvania senator to oppose the ultimately successful nomination of George Shiras.  This man addressed the notion of a "World Power" in a series of lectures published as Views of an Ex-President, and while president he supported the ultimately unsuccessful (*) Lodge Bill.  He sent a strong response to Chile following the Baltimore Crisis, and he also played host to the First International Conference of American States.  His reelection campaign was hurt by the third party candidate James Weaver.  His presidency saw the McKinley Tariff and the Sherman Antitrust Act passed by the Billion Dollar Congress. For 10 points, name this president who defeated and then lost to Grover Cleveland.;;Benjamin Harrison
;;One character who holds this occupation forces a dentist to remove his tooth in In Evil Hour, and before becoming bank president, this is the job of Manfred de Spain in Faulkner's The Town. In Durrenmatt's The Visit, Alfred Ill wants to become one of these, and in The Lady's not for Burning, Hebble Tyson has this job. The owner of (*) Western Biological Laboratory is considered to hold this occupation in Cannery Row, and characters who aspire to this occupation include Harmond Wilks in Radio Golf and Seneca Doane in Babbit.  Jody Starks occupies this post in Their Eyes Were Watching God, and after his daughter Isabella is raped by a captain the wealthy farmer Pedro Crespo becomes one of these in another play. After selling his wife and child while drunk, Michael Henchard becomes one. For 10 points name this post held by title residents of Zalamea and Casterbridge.;;mayor
;;Shiny Toy Guns did a cover of a song about a figure of this name for a 2010 Lincoln MKZ commercial, which sees the title character making the joke "send me a drink" after "trying to relax".  A song about the wife of a man with this name  by K.I.A. notes that he went from "ballet to battle, halo to hole" and that he "didn't burn up", he "just burnt out".  A song by this character's creator notes (*) "Ashes to ashes, funky to funky / We know [this person is a junkie]", while this character's last words are "Give my wife my love..." in a 1983 track by Peter Schilling.  Probably the most famous song about him sees him "sitting in a tin can / far above the world" after being reminded to "take your protein pills and put your helmet on" prior to liftoff.   For 10 points, name this David Bowie character from the album Space Oddity, famously contacted by Ground Control.;;Major Tom
;;This man's religious pieces include a setting of O Salutaris and his setting of the Missa Brevis, the Messe Basse. More often performed is his music to a translation of Verbe egal au Tres-Haut entitled Cantique de Jean Racine, while other settings of works by French authors include his music to the poems of  Jean de La Ville Mirmont, L'horizon chemerique.  Some notable examples of incidental music by him include music for Caligula and Shylock. Rene Fauchois wrote the libretto for his work Penelope, and he scored one of his operas for (*) over 400 musicians, Prometheus.  He also wrote incidental music for a play after which an opera was composed by Debussy , to whose wife this composer dedicated his La Bonne Chanson. The Pie Jesu and In paradisum are utilized by him in one of his most famous works instead of the Dies Irae.  For ten points identify this composer of Pelleas and Melisande, Masques and Bergamasques, and a Requiem.;;(Gabriel) Faure
;;This thinker argued that the "form of the body" and the "animating form" are separate and argued against universal hylemorphism.  At times both for and against intellectual intuitive cognition in his abstractive versus intuitive cognition theory and he argued against Henry of Ghent's version of Divine Illumination.  He believed that a thing must be per se notae ex terminis in order to be natural law, in which he did an analysis of the Ten Commandments. He made a commentary on Porphyry's Isagoge, while his Expositio and Parva logicalia are both in part on the works of Aristotle.  His belief that a circle of causes is impossible and that accidental chains of causality require an ordered series play a part in his argument for an efficient cause, which along with a first in final causality and pre-eminence leads to his triple primacy proof of the existence of God.  For ten points identify this philosopher whose work Pius IX used in the Ineffabilis Deuson immaculate conception, and who commented on Lombard's Sentences in Ordinatio.;;(John) (Duns) Scotus
;;Leonce Rosenberg built the "Room of the Gladiators" in his home specifically to house works he commissioned this man to create. Six orange and white flags appear behind the half-naked title figures of one of this man's paintings, while another features a display case housing five crackers on a blue background. A notable portrait by this man, who signed his later works "Pictor Optimus," features a bust of its subject wearing frameless sunglasses, and another of this man's works inspired a poem by Silvia Plath that asks about ladies "with heads like darning-eggs." Marble sculptures of women lying on stone blocks appear in his Ariadne and Soothsayer's Recompense, while a large marble head appears with a glove and a green ball in his Love Song . Better-known works include The Disquieting Muse and Enigma of an Autumn Afternoon, but he is most famous for a work depicting a lone girl pushing a hoop down an alley. For ten points name this surrealist painter of Mystery and Melancholy of a Street.;;(Giorgio) de Chirico
;;In one of this man's short stories, a racy storyteller befriends a man he calls "the Intruder" before dying at a banquet in the Union Coffeehouse, while in another, the protagonist becomes wary of progress after entering an unpopulated machine-run city. In addition to "Mechanopolis," this man wrote about a physician who compiles the work All or Nothing while under the care of Dr. Atienza in "The Madness of Doctor Montarco." In another work by this man, Eugenia runs off with Mauricio the day before she is to marry Augusto, and he wrote a short novel about the town Valverde de Lucerna and its secretly atheist priest. He expressed his cynicism in The Tragic Sense of Life, while a better-known novel centers on a man who writes his Confession and feels a strong relation to the biblical Cain. For 10 points, name this author of Niebla and Abel Sanchez, the founder of Spain's Generacion del 98.;;(Miguel) (de) Unamuno
;;One person involved in this event was later implicated by a man he called "Dirty Fingered Jake," and Will Bagley argues that a letter saying a group will "do as they please" was meant to authorize this event.  This event was partly instigated by an approaching army under Stewart Van Vliet, and its aftermath was described by James Henry Carleton.  Philip Klingensmith testified about this event, some participants of which were recruited by being told they had to bury the victims of an Indian attack.  Eighteen children were integrated into local families after surviving this event, which was organized by (*) John D. Lee and Isaac Haight and which was carried out with the help of Paiute Indians.  The Fancher-Baker party, a group of Arkansas emigrants, were the victims of this event, which preceded the breakout of the Utah War.  For 10 points, name this massacre perpetrated by a Mormon militia.;;Mountain Meadows (massacre)
;;At one point in this work, a church leader named Jerrod Brown refuses to give help to a group of travelers aside from giving them "spiritual" assistance, while a lawyer in this work gets elected to parliament before being assassinated. An old woman in this work greets a new arrival to the main city by leaving "a mountain of shit" near that man's place of employment. That man and one of his colleagues had both been thrown out of a school in Siriana years before the events of this novel occurred. One character's grandmother perfects the Theng'eta drink, while another character builds the Sunshine Lodge, which becomes the location of the deaths of Hawkins Kimeria, Mzigo, and Chui. Set in the town of Ilmorog, this is, for 10 points, what work in which Inspector Godfrey interrogates Abdulla and Karega after Wanja's brothel is burned down by Munira, a work by Ngugi wa Thiong'o?.;;Petals of Blood
;;This psychologist developed the Own Categories Technique, which he wrote about in a paper which discussed its use in Reference Scale and Placement of Items. He also published The Psychology of Ego- involvements and edited the publication Social Psychology at the Crossroads. The lack of a frame of reference produces the effect that this man studied in his dissertation, in which a dot of light appears to move although it does not in reality; that effect is the autokinetic effect. One theory associated with this man emphasized  the role of superordinate goals in the process of conflict reduction. That theory arose from an experiment that this man ran in conjunction with his wife that took two groups of young children and divided them into separate camps at the namesake state park. For ten points, identify this social psychologist most notable for his Realistic Conflict Theory and the Robber's Cave Experiment, a Turkish-American man who wrote Groups in Harmony and Tension.;;(Muzafer) Sherif
;;The third section of this work includes a notably esclating piano solo which inverts the first and third chords. McCoy Tyner recorded the piano for this work, with Elvin Jones on drums, including the drum roll that begins the third movement.  Jimmy Garrison played the bass on this recording, including a four note motif that binds the first movement, and this recording begins with a loud banging gong, followed by several cymbal rolls in a wash effect. The last part of this recording is a saxophone solo intended to represent the words "Elation. Elegance. Exaltation. All from God. Thank you God. Amen." Divided into four sections including Acknowledgement, Resolution, Persuance, and Psalm, for ten points, identify this hard bop album whose first section includes the mantra that gives it its name, a spiritual recording by John Coltrane.;;(A) Love Supreme
;;This man claimed that the detective novel "transforms an ungraspable life into a translatable analogue of actual reality" in an essay entitled "The Hotel Lobby." In another of his essays, he claimed that the biography is the only seemingly necessary prose form of the established bourgeoisie. This man divided his home country's cinematic history into four periods in a 1947 work entitled From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of the German Film, while another work saw him specifically exclude color films and cartoons from his analysis. Besides Theory of Film, which saw him conclude that film was meant to record physical reality, he may best known for an essay that which saw him describe "sexless bodies in bathing suits," who served as products of "American distraction factories." For 10 points, identify this German thinker who influenced the Frankfurt School with his analysis of the "Tiller Girls," which he linked to standardized mass culture in the essay "The Mass Ornament.".;;(Siegfried) Kracauer
;;Nek Buwa'tu's flagship is named after this character, and in one appearance, he notes that he has no ability to tell the age of humans from their appearance. Two of this character's contributions, the treatise Fleet Tactics and Combat Methodology and a design of a fighter superior to the Incom T-65, remained relevant for a long time after his death near the end of the Yuuzhan Vong invasion. He's played by Timothy Rose in his film appearance, and this character approves Wedge Antilles' request to reform Rogue Squadron.  One of his nieces heals Luke Skywalker after an encounter with Exar Kun, while another serves as the Communications specialist for Wraith Squadron; those are the healer Cilghal and the pilot Jesmin. In his best known appearance, this commander leads from the cruiser Home One. For 10 points, name this member of the Mon Calamari species, known for uttering lines like "It's a trap!", the long-time leader of New Republic and Rebel Alliance forces in the Star Wars universe.;;(Admiral) Ackbar
;;Though they are not Feynman diagrams, they use a squiggly line when the conformation of the hemi-acetal atom is unclear. Along with Paul Karrer, their namesake was the co-winner of the 1937 Nobel in Chemistry, for his development in the industrial synthesis of ascorbic acid. Conventionally, the hydroxyl substituent of the (*) anomeric carbon is assigned "D' in these, which allow for visualization of certain substances as furanoses and pyranoses, and except for substituents of C(4) and C(5), the groups which appear on the left in Fischer projections are shown pointing upwards in these representations. For 10 points, identify these representations which can be used to depict sugars in a three-dimensional manner viewed edge-on, a type of projection named for British chemist Walter.;;Haworth (Projections)
;;Bid Me to Live and The Painted Asphodel are two of the four novels in one of this writer's projected cycles. Another work by this writer claims that the title places populated with "spirits, not ghosts, oh my love." This poet asked "what meadow yields so fragrant a leaf as your bright leaf?" in a poem addressed to a "Sea Poppy," which appears in a larger collection called Sea Garden. That work is "Oread," while another work by this poet begins "All Greece hates the still eyes in the white face" and wishes that she were "white ash amid funeral cypresses." That work's subject was later treated in a longer work divided into sections labeled "Eidolon." For ten points, identify this friend of Ezra Pound, a Modernist best known for writing the book length poem Helen in Egypt.;;Hilda Doolittle
;;This man wrote a piece for two pianos based on his impressions of New York City called "Hymn to a Great City," and this man also revised a work originally for organ to a piece for 14 strings and percussion titled "Mein Weg." This composer dedicated his Symphony no. 4, or "Los Angeles" symphony, to Mikhail Khodorkovsky, and his Da Pacem Domine was written for the victims of the Madrid train bombings. This composer adapted the writings of a saint into a piece for strings called Silouans Song, and he also wrote the religious Berliner Messe. A meeting between this man and Luigi Nono led this composer to dedicate his Perpetuum mobile to Nono. This man's pieces Spiegel im Spiegel and Fur Alina display an idea present in his Cantus in memoriam Benjamin Britten, this man's style of 'tintinnabuli'. For 10 points, name this man who composed multiple versions of his own Fratres, a modern composer from Estonia.;;(Arvo) Part
;;One writing of this religious group cautions those "that call themselves lovers of the Ancient Beauty" and encourages the pursuits of knowledge while condemning "sciences that begin with words and end with words". Another set of writings of this group includes sections named for the titular objects, including those of (*) wonderment, contentment, and "true poverty and absolute nothingness." In addition to the Seven Valleys and the six taraji, The Promise of World Peace was also written by an important figure in its early history, and an important observation of its followers is the Nineteen Day Feast. The "continental counselors" and the Hands of the Cause of God are organs of this religion, whose chief governing body is the Universal House of Justice. Shoghi Effendi led this group, an outgrowth of the Bab'ist sect, after the death of its founder, Nirza Hussein Ali Nuri. For 10 points, name this inclusive religion founded in the 19th century.;;Baha'i
;;Tolcapone and entecapone are useful inhibitors for an enzyme that facilitates methylation of these compounds' ring structures, while pteridine is a necessary cofactor for the enzyme that begins their biosynthesis. The clonidine suppression test limits natural production of this class of compounds to identify the presence of pheochromocytomas, which release these compounds. In addition to (*) COMT, another class of enzyme acting on this class of compounds facilitates oxidative deamination to produce either DOMA or DOPEG, called monoamine oxidases. Biosynthesis of these compounds begins with the hydroxylation and subsequent decarboxylation of tyrosine in chromaffin cells. For 10 points, name this class of compounds with namesake dihydroxybenzene groups, including the neurotransmitters and hormones in the sympathetic nervous system such as epinephrine and dopamine.;;Catecholamines
;;Arms smuggler Charles Gardiner designed an unused currency for one side in this conflict, and many men who fought in it had earlier fought against Bou Hamara. This conflict was presaged by the kidnapping of Ion Perdicaris by Raisuli, and one offensive in this conflict began at Al-Hoceima bay. Manuel Fernandez Silvestre died when his forces were routed in the (*) Disaster of Annual in this conflict, after which forces of Damaso Berenguer used chemical weapons on civilian populations. The Jibala people were notably involved in this conflict, which was instigated by Abd el-Krim and was the third such conflict fought over Ceuta and Melilla. Only resolved after the intervention of French forces under Philippe Petain, this conflict featured a young Francisco Franco. For 10 points, name this war fought between the Spanish and native tribes of the namesake mountainous region of northern Morocco.;;(Third) Rif (War)
;;He played under Gary Blair at South Oak Cliff High School and was the Portsmouth Invitational "VP of his draft class. He failed out after a semester at Cooke County Junior College before going to the school where he would be a three time NAIA all-american, Southeastern Oklahoma State. He led the NBA in field goal percentage with his first franchise in 1988-89, where his teammates included (*) John Salley, Rick Mahorn, and Bill Laimbeer, and his career ended following 12 games with the Dallas Mavericks in 1999-2000. In between, he garnered MVP votes in four straight seasons and won five rings, the first two with the "Bad Boy" Detroit Pistons. For 10 points name this cross-dressing star of Double Team and author of "Nasty as I Wanna Be," who is best known for the eight straight rebounding titles and three rings he earned alongside Scottie Pippen and Michael Jordan.;;(Dennis) Rodman
;;The protagonist of this novel is disappointed by articles like "Riot at a Football March," which rely on "missionary reports," and is angered when a boy he is watching over tells his friend that the protagonist is paying for his education in America. A vain acquaintance of the protagonist feels that her brothers' promises to throw acid on her face are fulfilled when a hairdresser scorches her face with peroxide. Characters in this work include a sorceress tradeswoman, (*) Zabeth, whose son Ferdinand studies at the "New Domain," and the protagonist's treacherous servant Metty. The protagonist carries on an affair with the historian Raymond's hot wife, Yvette, and he befriends Shoba and Mahesh, owners of the Big Burger restaurant. He eventually flees the country after the Big Man appropriates the shop he bought from Nazruddin at the title location. FTP name this novel about the merchant Salim written by V.S. Naipaul.;;(A) Bend in the River
;;This composer of a Duo for Flute and Oboe graduated from the conservatory with a setting of Psalm 150.  His projected and incomplete opera Barabbas was partially inspired by the success of an earlier sacred work including a boy's chorus, his Turbae ad Passionem Gregorianam.  His operas include one in which the title character is abandoned by Orsino and tortured for murdering her rapist father, and in another, Girolamo is allowed to drown in the Tiber by his brother who has erotic fantasies about Julia Farnese.  In addition to Beatrix Cenci and Bomarzo, the title character dies in the arms of Florinda during a Moorish invasion in his opera (*) Don Rodrigo.  His nationalistic works include three Pampeanas and a ballet which includes the malambo, Estancia, which also incorporates text from Martin Fierro.  For 10 points, name this composer from Argentina.;;(Alberto) Ginastera
;;Tsang showed that invertible content examples of this construct characterize Gaussian polynomials. Bezout names domains for which finitely generated ones imply principally generated ones. The maximum number of strict inclusions of them in certain groups is given by the Krull Dimension. (*) Buchberger's algorithm finds bases for one of these sets; that output is known as the Grobner basis. For Prufer varieties, every finitely generated one is invertible. Artinian rings add a decreasing condition on chains of these to an increasing condition that is the subject of Hilbert's Basis Theorem and is named for Noether. If the product of any two elements of a ring is itself an element of that ring, then that ring's one of these is said to be prime, whereas the smallest one is considered maximal. For 10 points, identify these subgroups, named by Kummer, that are invariant under multiplication and central to commutative ring theory.;;Ideals
;;This book uses the examples of a woman with four suitors and Toscanini's retirement from the Symphony of the Air to argue that one has no right to any say in decisions which others have the right to make in its section "Having a Say Over What Affects You." It notes that orchestra members are "ordered about by their conductor" and suggests that the relationship between subordination and low self esteem may be correlative rather than causative in "Meaningful Work." In addition to defending moral "side constraints" it argues for the superiority of "filter devices" as opposed to "design devices "and presents a (*) thought experiment in which people sell stock in themselves in "Demoktesis." It argues that we desire to "live ourselves" and criticizes hedonism with the experience machine thought experiment. This work claims that a titular concept arises through the invisible hand from dominant protection agencies and uses the Wilt Chamberlain argument that "Liberty Upsets Patterns," to defend the entitlement theory of justice. For 10 points, name this attack on John Rawls' A Theory of Justice, written by Robert Nozick.;;Anarchy(,) State and Utopia
;;Along with Buttiker and Pretre, this scientist's name indicates a theory by which the local density of states may be defined in terms of the scattering matrix in a Larmor clock, which leads to a generalized conductance equation. His name is also attached to a set of field equations which give an alternate explanation of charge carrier-radiation equilibrium to the linear Bohr-Infield Theory along with Lande. (*) A phenomenon named for him explains the discrepancy of the g-factor in the Uhlenbeck-Goudsmit expression for the magnetic moment of an electron, while a theory co-named for him and Fermi relies on an equation for the ground state density derived without solution of the Schrodinger Equation. His most famous contribution involves the inertial reference frames of a particle in a circular path, in which a vector does not remain fixed. For 10 points, name this British physicist, a Columbia professor whose name is attached to a type of relativistic precession.;;Llewellen (Hilleth) Thomas
;;While standing in a doorway one of this work's character is compared to "Saint Sebastian waiting for the arrows," and that character removes his tie after feeling frustration "creep down his neck like a hot hand." Another character in this work nostalgically recalls Caroline, her nurse as a child, who raised her in a house owned by the Godhighs. A character dressed in a plaid suit and Tyrolean hat causes the climactic event of this work, which begins with a discussion of whether a ridiculous purple and green lady's hat should be returned to the store. That hat is later seen on Carver's mother, who takes exception when the narrator's mother attempts to give the boy a penny and clocks her with her pocketbook. For 10 points name this story in which Julian and his mother ride an integrated bus, the title work of a collection by Flannery O'Connor.;;Everything That Rises Must Converge
;;Rollo May wrote about this man's influence on existential psychotherapy in his introduction to this man's collected lectures. He also collaborated with Sandor Ferenczi on The Development of Psychoanalysis, and in another work, this author wrote about the role of questions in allowing people to step outside their social framework, which he explored in (*) Art and Artist. In one work, this man analyzed the childhood imagination, as well as various tales involving infants being floated down a river to die, being raised by animals or humble foster parents, and eventually attaining overdue honor.  This author also theorized the artist as achieving the highest degree of self-consciousness with his division of people into adapted, productive, and neurotic types and theorized the human desire to minimize the conflicting "fear of death" and "fear of life".  For ten points , name this author of The Myth of the Birth of the Hero and The Trauma of Birth.;;(Otto) Rank
;;One character in this novel tricks the protagonist into meeting Carola Grandison by telling him his father has apoplexy. The protagonist of this novel is horsewhipped by Giles Blaize for shooting a pheasant on his property, after which the protagonist bribes Tom Bakewell to burn down Blaize's hayricks. The protagonist's love interest is sent off to school to separate the couple; they eventually marry, but he leaves her and their unborn child, and she later dies of shock and brain fever when her husband is wounded in a duel with the man who tried to seduce her, Lord Mountfalcon. The protagonist's cousin Clare is in love with him and dies wearing his wedding ring, which he had presumed lost.  The protagonist of this work grows up with Ripton Thompson under the care of Adrian Harley, who has been instructed to sequester the boy from society, but eventually the plan fails and he falls in love with Lucy Desborough. For ten points name this tragicomic novel in which Sir Austin attempts to prohibit his son from having sex until age 25, a novel by George Meredith.;;(The) Ordeal of Richard Feverel
;;This man was inspired by Aaron David Gordon to found Deganya Bet, and he was also one the founders of the Histradut. This man split with his predecessor over the latter's insistence on investigating a disaster caused by Avraham Seidenberg's betrayal of Operation Suzannah, while this man opposed investigating the (*) Lavon affair. During this man's ministry Israeli forces mistakenly attacked the American research vessel USS Liberty. This man served for twelve years as Minister of Finance while a member of Mapai, and he later organized the formation of the Israel Labour Party. While prime minister this man formed a coalition government with Menachim Begin, leading to the elevation of Moshe Dayan as defense minister. For 10 points, name this prime minister during the Six Day War, the third prime minister of Israel.;;(Levi) Eshkol
;;He wrote a piece titled La mere et l'enfant, originally for piano four hands, and contains a section called "Petite Romance." He based his Six melodies on poems by Victor Hugo, and his Trio in C minor shows some influence by Beethoven. Arthur Coquard finished this composer's four-act opera La Jacquerie, and this composer also wrote a ballet that contains a "Pas des cymbals" and some "Danses marocaines." One of his operas was based on Schiller's Die Vershworung des Fiesco zu Genua, and another of his operas sees Magared betraying her father's city to Karnac and is based on a Breton legend. He worked with Adolphe Fischer on one of his better known pieces, and another may have anticipated the release of Bizet's Carmen a month later with a first movement habanera. For 10 points, identify this French composer of the ballet Namouna, the operas Fiesque and Le roi d'Ys, and the Cello Concerto in D minor, perhaps best known for a piece dedicated to Sarasate, Symphonie Espagnole.;;(douard(-)Victoire(-)Antoine) Lalo
;;This event was discovered by Leoline Jenkins, and a report on it was written by his successor, the Earl of Sunderland. One participant in this event gave a speech in which he claimed "none comes into the world with a saddle on his back, neither any booted and spurred to ride him"; that man was Richard Rumbold. This event grew out of meetings at the house of a London wine merchant named Sheppard. Thomas Ferguson and Robert Armstrong were executed in its aftermath along with the author of the Discourses Concerning Government, (*) Algernon Sidney.  It was sparked by the failure of the Exclusion Bill, and it designed to kill its targets on their return from a Newmarket horse meet.  It resulted in the suicide of the Earl of Essex, though more notably implicated was the Duke of Monmouth, who went into exile.  Actually real unlike the Popish Plot, for 10 points, name this plot to kill Charles II and the future James II at a namesake Hertfordshire dwelling.;;Rye House (Plot)
;;Karl Barth claimed that church history was "utterly weak" since the distinction between God and human is too great one work with this title. Another work with this name cites Hosea to show that "the Lord is the Lord of all". That second work's author asks "Who will rescue me from this body of death?" in a section that claims that "apart from the law, sin lies dead". This work's thirteenth chapter implores its readers to submit to existing authorities, for they "have all been instituted by God", and its first chapter accuses "women [who] exchanged natural intercourse for unnatural" of giving into "degrading passions" and being "God-haters". It states that "real circumcision is a matter of the heart", alluding to its author's disagreement with Peter, since the promise of Abraham came to him not through good works but by "righteousness of faith". For 10 points identify this epistle from which Martin Luther formed his doctrine of justification through faith alone, the first letter of Paul in the New Testament.;;(Paul's) (Epistle/Letter) (to) (the) Romans
;;Its name is shared by a 2003 trance album by Darude. One of its most famous songs opens with a repeated two-measure sequence of a bass drum beat on the first beat of the first measure and the second beat of the second measure and a tom-tom beat on the third beat of both measures. Its most famous album features Hugh Syme's graphic of "Starman," a naked man seen from behind standing with his arms outstretched in front of a seemingly oncoming pentagram. Its 1984 album Grace Under Pressure incorporated ska and reggae influences, which can be heard in such songs as "Distant Early Warning." In 1974, it established its current lineup when original drummer John Rutsey left the band. The first track, "Far Cry," on its latest album became a modest success. That album, 2007's "Snakes and Arrows," resulted in a tour that is still going on, unlike an album that spawned the single "Closer to the Hydrant," the nonexistent concept album "Dogopoly."  Its most recognizable hits came from 1980's Permanent Waves and 1981's Moving Pictures. For 10 points, name this three-member band from from Canada, composed of Geddy Lee, Alex Lifeson and Neil Peart and known for such hits as Tom Sawyer and The Spirit of Radio.;;Rush
;;This ruler was opposed by the Fourteenth of July Movement, and U.S. Minister Charles Curtis opposed this man's regime without official support.  This man's henchman Johnny Abbes led his secret police, the SIM.  He supported European immigration in an attempt to "whiten" his people through the policy of blanquismo, and this man was implicated in the disappearance of Jesus de Galindez and the (*) Mirabal sisters.  This man originally joined forces with Rafael Estrella to overthrow Horacio Vasquez, and he rose to power as head of the National Police, newly created during the United States occupation of his country.  Upon his ascension, he proclaimed the "era of" himself, and General Juan Tomas Diaz was part of the group that assassinated this ruler.  This ruler presided over El Corte, which saw the massacre of foreigners who couldn't pronounce the Spanish word for parsley.    For 10 points, name this ruler who built lots of statues of himself and dominated the sugar trade as the longtime dictator of the Dominican Republic.;;(Rafael) (Leonidas) Trujillo (Molina)
;;Green and Shapiro have argued in a paper titled after the "Pathologies" of this concept that its empirical value is limited. Blau attempted to address one problem of this theory by claiming that people are inclined to accept inconvenience if it came as a part of a longer chain of actions. The problem that he was attempting to solve was that of Norms and Obligations, while several theorists have attempted to improve conceptions of this theory by adding variables for promises and threats. The foundational theory for this concept came from a work of George Caspar Homans, who wrote Social Behavior: Its Elementary Forms, which drew heavily form the psychology of Skinner. This theory assumes completeness and transitivity of preferences, with the result that all participants can make a personally consistent ranking. For ten points, identify this concept from economics and political science that states that participants in a system nearly always make decisions that follow their best interests.;;Rational Choice (Theory)
;;Quizbowlers might sympathize with the narrator of this work, who recalls that at the age of eight he "longed impatiently for the day (which alas! has come) when a strong beard should bristle on my chin." Many years later that man publishes a study on the fertilization of flowers. One character who models a statue of an ink-throwing fairy is treated much better at school when it is discovered that another character is a Member of the Institute. The protagonist helps the student Henri Gelis with his thesis and later sells most of his collection to fund the young man's marriage to the ward of the title character. The Russian Prince Trepof travels the world building his matchbox collection in this novel, and the title character is surprised to find that the Princess Trepof once lived in poverty without even the means to buy firewood in the winter. For 10 points, name this novel where the gentle old title character abducts the red-handed Jeanne from her notary guardian Maitre Mouche, an 1881 work about a book lover by Anatole France.;;(The) Crime of Sylvester Bonnard
;;This man collaborated with Thomas Girtin in copying studies by John Robert Cozens and Edward Dayes while staying with Thomas Munro, and he was inspired by a Thomas Gray poem to depict the decimation of the Welsh Bards by Edward I. This man often appended quotes from his alleged epic poem "The Fallacies of Hope" to his works, which include a view of Venice from the Porch of Madonna and Ulysses Dering Polyphemus. He painted two works on "morning" and "evening" after a downpour, while his Roman works include Apullia in Search of Appulus and View of Orvieto. One of his paintings depics a vehicle barreling forward parallel to a barely visible colonnade, while another notably sets the titular ship off on the left side. Causing controversy with a painting depicting dying people being thrown off  the titular craft during a storm, this is, for 10 points, what artist of Slave Ship and Rain, Steam, and Speed?.;;(Joseph) (Mallord) (William) Turner
;;According to Dinon, one participant in this battle by an action earned the right to place a golden cock on his spear, though another source claims that action was performed by a man named Mithridates.  One important figure in this battle was Teribazus, while the murder of Statira following this battle by Parysatis is reported by another eyewitness, Ctesias.  One commander here refused to put his heavy troops in the center, insisting on staying on the right next to a riverbank, and he fought on the side of (*) Ariaeus.  Phalinus was sent as a messenger to the losers of this battle after Tissaphernes seized and killed many of their leaders at a banquet, including Clearchus of Sparta.  This battle was a victory for Artaxerxes II despite the presence of Greek mercenaries since it saw the death of his rebellious brother, Cyrus the Younger.  For 10 points, name this battle fought on the Euphrates which was followed by the march to the Black Sea of the Ten Thousand, recounted in the Anabasis of Xenophon.;;(Battle) (of) Cunaxa
;;One of its proponents criticized behaviorist analyses of language in his magnum opus. That man's purported misreading of Saussure's Course in General Linguistics contributed to The Visible and the Invisible, while a hermeneutic approach to it was advocated in Being and Time. When preceded by "analytic," the philosophical movement named after it ontologically reduces particular things to the human experiences of those things, a radical departure from earlier practices of the disciplineand Hegel's methodology for it defined criteria for certain knowledge and independent objecthood.  This philosophical discipline was advanced a work which discussed the role of epoche in philosophy and was entitled Ideas, but it began in an earlier work by the same author, Philosophical Investigations. For 10 points, name this philosophical discipline and movement, which studies consciousness and the experiences of the individual, which was discussed in relation to perception by Merleau-Ponty and in relation to Spirit by Hegel.;;phenomenology
;;One character in this work has a sexual relationship with Miss Umeki Tsurigane, and Dr. Ganeshi Rao performs a disappearing act by practicing yoga in Kursaal. Another character has a close encounter with a Tazelworm while digging tunnels in the Alps, and has a sexual relationship with Ruperta Chirpingdon-Groin's dog Mouffette. Dr. Minkowski gives a guest lecture at Candlebrow University in this work, and the T.W.I.T. is involved in a search for Shambhala in Central Asia, where Lieutenant Halfcourt is stationed. Frank meets Sloat Fresno unexpectedly in a bar and kills him, though Deuce Kindred is still at large. Iceland spar creates double images in, for 10 points, what novel that also sees the travels of the Chums of Chance aboard the airship Inconvenience and the conflict between the Traverses and Scarsdale Vibe, a work by Thomas Pynchon?.;;Against the Day