;;After this organization's dissolution, one of its former leaders lost a reelection bid to John Young and refused the vice presidential nomination. Some of this group's later members included John Adams Dix and Benjamin Knower in addition to its founding leaders Silas Wright and Azariah Flagg. Sometimes dubbed the "Holy Alliance," its foremost leader was the Secretary of State who handled the Black Warrior Affair and gave the order that led to the Ostend Manifesto - that man, who coined the term "spoils system" to refer to this organization, was William Marcy. It was opposed by Thurlow Weed and William Seward, who would succeed in ending its power in 1838. During the elections of 1848, the issue of slavery led its members to split into the Barnburner and Hunker factions. FTP, name this political group led by Martin Van Buren that controlled early 19th century politics in New York.;;Albany Regency
;;This poem has been translated at various times by Brian Stone, Margaret Williams, and Marie Borroff. The second section of this poem recounts the "splendor of those bright hills there," of "the water deep", and "those downland sides." The last stanza begs for guidance in pity of the title object, "which ran to God." One stanza of this poem recounts a story of a man who "sold all his goods and cloths akin" to buy a title object "without a spot". That object in this poem is "shadowed with plants both bright and clean" after it "rolled into the ground" in August. In the first stanza, the object "delights a prince's day, flawlessly set in gold so fair". FTP, identify this poem, whose name is given to an anonymous poet who also wrote Gawain and the Green Knight.;;Pearl
;;According to Bishop Eusebius of Caesarea, this man evangelized in Khorasan, and when his leader was threatened with stoning if he returned to Judea, this man said "Let us also go, that we may die with him." He is called Judas the twin by the Syrians, and his relics were supposedly enshrined in Ortona, Italy. One apocryphal story claims he was in charge of building the Parthian King Gondophernes's palace, and his martyrdom came from the king of Mylapore in Madras. This carpenter's most famous experience led him to become the first disciple to openly recognize Jesus's divinity, after he touched Christ's wounds. FTP, name this disciple, who is famous for doubting that Jesus really was resurrected.;;(Saint) Thomas
;;An article on what this man "can explain" was written by Robert Jervis. His recent work includes some "Reflections on Imre Lakatos" on "Assaying Theories"  His second book discussed the "American and British Experience" and was entitled Foreign Policy and Democratic Politics. He co-authored with Robert Art a book on the use of force, and has won recognition for his article "Nuclear Mythos and Political Reality.," while a similar work co-authored with Scott Sagan is entitled The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed. A major work of his categorizes its subject into three "images," based on the genesis of political action in individuals, states, or systems, while another work introduces the idea of "bandwagoning." FTP, name this author of Man, the State, and War and Theory of International Politics, an International Relations theorist known for founding neo-realism.;;(Kenneth) Waltz
;;A part of this novel is made up of its author's rejected short story "Bibi." One episode shows a friend of Dr. Keene secretly treat a patient who has stabbed a wealthy landowner, and the apothecary's assistant Raoul Innerarity is left in charge of the shop and wishes to place his painting in the window. The landowner had collected the entire estate of the de Grapions through exploitation of gambling debts, and Joseph Frowenfeld attempts to make his living as a druggist. One character makes another unable to sleep through witchcraft and must escape to France, while another has his ears cut off and his tendons slashed, and is an ex-African prince. Those characters, Palmyre and Bras Coupe, are peripheral to the central family, which includes Agricola, Honore, and his "dark" half-brother who commits suicide. FTP, name this important regionalist work, a novel by George Washington Cable.;;(The) Grandissimes
;;A vassal of this kingdom, Raymond-Roger de Trencavel, died when one of its rulers failed to protect Carcassonne; that ruler was later killed at the Battle of Muret. Another of its rulers signed the Treaty of Corbeil with Louis IX. In 1238, that man, James the Conqueror, captured Valencia from the Almohads. Another ruler of this kingdom took advantage of unrest fermented by Giovanni da Procida to overthrow Charles of Anjou in the wake of the Sicilian Vespers. A queen of this kingdom, Yolande, married Louis II of Anjou while the aforementioned ruler was Peter III. It later gained full control of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. FTP, name this kingdom of Spain, which was united by Ferdinand II with its longtime partner Castile.;;Aragon
;;The narrator of this novel has a significant change of heart after watching a staging of Othello, which makes him decide that he should not kill himself with poisoned coffee. Although he would prefer to give his son leprosy, he instead finanaces his trip to Jerusalem, after refusing to visit his wife in Europe. After his best friend dies in the ocean, the narrator becomes convinced that his wife was adulterous. That narrator has a son named Ezekiel, who is named after his best friend, who is married to Sancha, and is named Escobar. The title character decides to pursue law instead of the seminary, and marries Capitu. FTP, identify this novel which is titled after a pseudonym of Bento Santiago, a novel written by Joaqim Machado de Assis.;;Dom Casmurro
;;Mario Castelnuova-Tedesco wrote Opus 99 Guitar Concerto in this note's major key. Despite its name, the "Domine Deus" movement of Mozart's "Great Mass" is actually in this minor key, which Mozart also used for the opening chord of the overture to Don Giovanni and as the main key for his 20th piano concerto. This note is the subdominant of A, and in C major, the dorian mode would begin on this note. The violin concerto of Brahms is in the major key named for this note, as is Beethoven's violin concerto. The relative minor key for this note's major scale is B, and Beethoven's 9th symphony is in this note's minor key. FTP, name this note of the standard musical scale, which is a perfect fourth above A and is next to C.;;D
;;Certain quasi-periodic oscillations are not destroyed by small perturbations according to a theorem named for Arnold, Moser, and this man. One of his early mathematical successes was the construction of a function with a Fourier series that diverges almost everywhere. The smallest scales for turbulent flows are named for him, but he is better known for his work on stochastic processes and Markov chains, the transition densities of which are governed by an equation named for him and Chapman. The namesake of a goodness-of-fit test along with Smirnov, this is, for ten points, which Soviet mathematician, also the namesake of a type of complexity and some axioms in probability theory?.;;(Andrey) (Nikolaevich) Kolmogorov
;;In the first part of this piece, a man suffering from gout shows a chart detailing his descent from William the Conqueror. In another part, a sword is on the ground after a man dies in a duel, and in the background is an image of a prostitute holding a squirrel. Its creator was assisted by Louis Scotin and Bernard Baron, and the fourth picture shows a fat castrato singing while a black servant playing with a statue hints that the character has been cuckolded. At the end, the countess kills herself, and her jewelry is taken to be sold by a merchant. The second plate depicts a dog grabbing a woman's hat out of Squanderfield's pocket, as his new wife stretches. FTP, identify this series of cautionary engravings satirizing arranged weddings, created by William Hogarth.;;Marriage a la Mode
;;One character in this novel is spotted in an office during a meeting about the Eubaw Mine, while another is said to always go to bed after an hour of whist with his daughter. Indiana Frusk, the freckled daughter of a plumber, is an early playmate of the protagonist, who is disgusted at the end of this work by the sight of Jim Driscoll. Earlier, she tries to sell tapestries, and meets someone she had known back in Apex City. One character is jealous of Peter Van Degen, and his wife is forced to agree to a meeting in Central Park where she compromises his business dealings. After hearing that his wife had once been married to Elmer Moffatt, one character commits suicide. That man was once in love with his cousin Claire, is named Ralph Marvell, and is the protagonist's first husband. FTP, identify this novel about Undine Spragg, a beloved work written by Edith Wharton.;;(The) Custom of the Country
;;During this ruler's minority, power was controlled by a man who supposedly personally killed the rebel Zhang Xianzhong, who declared the Daxi Dynasty before leading a massacre of Sichuan. This man came into power at the age of fourteen when he had that uncle thrown into jail, thus ending the Oboi Regency. He fixed his northern border at the Argun River by the Treaty of Nerchinsk and defeated the Zheng family to take control of Taiwan. Earlier, he put down a revolt which sought to proclaim a new Zhou Dynasty, the Rebellion of the Three Feudatories, led by Wu Sangui, who had earlier helped this man's father come to power at Shanhai Pass by allowing him through the Great Wall. The successor to the Shunzhi emperor, FTP, name this man who ruled for a record 61 years from 1661 to 1722 as the second official emperor of the Ching Dynasty.;;(The) Kangxi (Emperor)|(Qing) Shengzu|(Aixin(-)Jueluo) Xuanye
;;A 2007 study by Iwaniec and Baghossian suggested that treating mice with this protein corrected skeletal abnormalities, and it was found to be upregulated in fetal lung fibroblasts by parathyroid hormone related protein.  It stimulates synthesis of UCP and activates cells expressing melanocyte stimulating hormone, but it down regulates the endo-cannabinoids.  It may play a role in fertility, and it binds in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, where it inhibits cells containing agouti-related protein and neuropeptide Y. Counteracted by ghrelin, it is produced by the OB gene in adipocytes, or fat cells, and may be insufficient in some very obese people.  FTP, name this hormone that signals satiety, or fullness.;;leptin
;;This figure killed Chalcodon, the leader of the Euboeans, but was himself killed in battle during the Minyan War. In order to gain support of the king of Thebes, he attempted to get rid of an uncatchable vixen plaguing his city - thus, he gave great treasure to Cephalus in order to borrow his hound Laelaps, but Zeus spoiled the fun by turning both the vixen and Laelaps to stone. This man was absolved by the Theban king Creon, his maternal uncle, after he had accidentally killed his other uncle Electryon. He defeated King Pterelaus, who had his immortal golden hair cut off by his daughter Comaetho. That victory allowed this man to marry his eventual wife, who wanted the death of her brothers avenged. This son of Alcaeus would later see that wife of his seduced by Zeus, who took this man's guise and extended the length of the night to bed her. FTP, name this husband of Alcmena and father of Hercules.;;Amphitryon
;;A mostly fabricated discussion of a rainy burial in this work follows a scene in which one character unsettles the protagonist with her burning eyes, which that protagonist describes as "feral," in a darkened room he had come to looking to assault a man after embarrassingly arriving an hour early to a dinner. That man, an inheritor who the protagonist criticizes for peasant girl-related debauchery, mirrors a military man who earlier prompts the main character to purchase a beaver collar, for which he borrows money from Anton, his boss. The narrator is obsessed with the phrase "two and two is four" and clashes with Ferfichkin and Simonov over a going-away party for Zverkov, which prompts a trip to a brothel and later an exchange with the vulture-like Apollon. The kindly prostitute Liza is ultimately spurned by, FTP, the protagonist of what early existentialist novel consisting of the titular correspondences, written by Fyodor Dostoevsky?.;;Notes from (the) Underground|Letters from (the) Underworld|Zapiski iz podpol'ja|(anything) (about) (things) (that) (are) (written) (coming) (from) (somewhere) (that) (is) (below) (somewhere) (else)
;;This composer juxtaposed a small group of electric guitars and basses against a traditional chamber orchestra in his update of the Brandenburg Concertos in his work Partita. He used the Goethe poem, "Sag' ich's euch, geliebte Baume?" and Hesse's poem "Im Nebel" in his Eighth Symphony subtitled "Song of Transience," and he composed operas based on The Devils of Loudon and Paradise Lost. One of his works, which ends on a two octave tone cluster, includes an "invisible canon for 36 voices" and is written for 52 strings. His Utrenia is a sequel to his famous St. Luke's Passion, his earliest major work composed in 1965, while he revised his most famous requiem in 2006 to honor the death of Jon Paul II; it was originally commissioned by the Solidarity movement. FTP, name this composer who wrote The Polish Requiem and Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima.;;(Krzysztof) Penderecki
;;This man had a prominent younger brother who, as Navy Minister, strongly pushed for capital punishment for those responsible for an assassination attempt on the future Nicholas II. He was confined to an island following the Ansei Purge until the Shimazu family regained stability, and he used his contact with Thomas Glover after putting down the Hamaguri revolt to broker ties between Aizu, Chosu, and his own territory. His downfall began after being left in charge during the Iwakura mission and, during the Seikanron, demanding the right to deliberately provoke his own murder in Korea to start a war. Despite his victory over Katsu at Toba-Fushimi, this loser at Shiroyama forced Japan off the gold standard by waging a costly revolt in 1877. The commander during the Boshin War, FTP, name this big, fat military man who guided the Meiji regime to power only to resist it to preserve the samurai class in the Satsuma Rebellion.;;Saigo (Takamori)
;;The protagonist of this novel is heart broken when his nephew nicknamed "Little Echo" dies of cerebral meningitis while visiting his farm, and he is obsessed in his childhood with the transparent wings of the "Heroera" butterfly. The funeral of actress Clarissa Rodde reignites an adulterous affair which ends when Inez Institoris shoots Rudolph on a streetcar when he attempts to woo Marie Godeau. Schildknapp leads the protagonist to a brothel where he acquires syphilis from Esmeralda, and after this incident he goes onto create the oratorio The Apocalypse, but goes insane after playing the first chord of his final work about "The Lamentation" of the title character. FTP, Serenus Zeitblom narrates the story of composer Adrian Leverkuhn in this novel written by Thomas Mann.;;Doctor Faustus
;;It was discovered in 1986 by Roger Davies, Alan Dressler and five other scientists collectively known as "The Seven Samurai." Its discovery was made clear due to peculiarities in the Tully-Fischer relationship of up to 700 kilometers-per-second and is associated with a filament-like red-shift that is directed back at the observer; a pattern called the Fingers of God. Some astronomers believe that it is a supercluster with its center at Abell 3627, but since it lies within the Zone of Avoidance, studies made to research this object in the visible spectrum have been made difficult. This structure is located just in front of a 500 million light year long filament of both baryonic and dark matter called the Great Centaurus Wall. Recently estimated to be 250 million light years across, FTP, identify this gravitational anomaly that is named from its tendency to draw galaxies toward it.;;(The) Great Attractor
;;In his first State of the Union Address, this President announced the opening of formal diplomatic relations with Austria, Siam, and Muscat. His administration levied trade sanctions on Portugal in retaliation for discriminatory tonnage duties. The author of an Inquiry into the Origin and Course of Political Parties, he refused to provide aid to Governor Joseph Ritner during what was dubbed the Buckshot War. His cabinet included Secretary of War Joel Poinsett and Attorney General Felix Grundy, and he was opposed by a candidate who ran under the slogan "Log Cabin and Hard Cider." His vision of a Subtreasury system as a means of reform became reality long after he'd fist conceived it as a leader of the Bucktail faction. FTP, name this man who later ran on the Free Soil ticket, the "Red Fox of Kinderhook" or "Little Magician," who succeeded Andrew Jackson as President.;;(Martin) Van Buren
;;The protagonist of this novel reminisces about the radio ads for "Kaiser's Stoneless Peaches" while resting at an attraction called "The Lake Isle of Innisfree." The actress Juanita del Pablo knocks out all of her teeth, so she can transition in her career as a Flamenco dancer to playing an Irish colleen, and Mr. Slump responds to letters one character writes to the advice column called "The Wisdom of the Guru Brahmin." A dismissal from Megalopolitan Studios leads to Sir Francis Hinton committing suicide, which leads to the protagonist meeting the main female character, who later leaves him when she discovers he works at the Happier Hunting Grounds pet cemetery. She consequently becomes engaged to Mr. Joyboy, who works at the Whispering Glades funeral parlor. Ending with the suicide of Aimee Thanatogenos, FTP, name this novel centering on Dennis Barlow written by Evelyn Waugh.;;(The) Loved One
;;This scientist modified an earlier reaction named after Schotten and Baumann to create a namesake peptide synthesis, and the Helferich method is a modification of another reaction he names in which an aldose or ketose reacts with an alcohol to form a glycoside.  He discovered an eponymous synthesis reaction that combines cyanohydrins and aldehydes to form a heterocycle oxazole, and he developed a reaction between sugars and phenyl-hydrazine to form osazones.  The latter work was aided by his development of a method that can help visualize the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules, and he lends his name to a reaction in which an alcohol and carboxylic acid are refluxed in the presence of an acid catalyst. FTP, identify this scientist known for his namesake projections of organic molecules into two-dimensions, as well as his esterification reaction.;;(Hermann) (Emil) Fischer
;;This character was created in 1986 during a competition between corporations to develop a Fuel System Icing Inhibitor and was completed in 1996 during a take-your-daughter-to-work-day. During the end credits, this character is heard singing the lyrics "This is a triumph/ I'm making a note here/ HUGE SUCCESS" in the song "Still Alive" which was released as a bonus track on the Xbox version of Rock Band. It is finally defeated when its morality chip, an object installed after this character filled the enrichment center with neurotoxin, is dropped into an incinerator, an action performed by the game's protagonist, Chell. Voiced by Ellen McLain, FTP, identify this computerized guide of Aperture Science in Portal who lies to the player with promises of cake.;;GLaDOS|Genetic Lifeform and Disk Operation System
;;Some 20th century scholars who have studied this entity include W.O. Henderson, who wrote about its impact on the politics of its southern members. The Heppenheim Program sought to create a new legislative body to govern it, and it was also studied by Helmut Bohme. Karl Bruck attempted to expand the borders of it to include Hungary and its neighbors, but this was prevented by the stalling tactics of Rudolf Delbruck. It was inspired by the work of Friedrich List, who believed it represented the third and last of his stages of development, the unity of agriculture and manufacture. Used to promote the kleindeutsche policy, weaken Austria, and promote the leadership of Prussia, FTE name this 1834 customs union in Germany.;;Zollverein
;;In one story, this author writes of a 78 year old woman who enjoys ice skating wearing a red velvet costume with a short skirt. In another story, the maid Maria sends the poet Asa Bascomb on a pilgrimage to a statue of an angel at Monte Giordano, so he can cleanse his mind after he accidentally sees a young couple having sex in a forest. In addition to "The Angel of the Bridge" and "The World of Apples," he about a man who begins an affair with a prison inmate Jody after stabbing his brother twenty two times with a fire stoker. The writer of The Brigadier and the Golf Widow, in addition to the above work about Ezekiel Farragut, this author wrote about Leander, who drowns himself after his beloved boat, the Topaze, is converted into a gift shop, while his sons Moses and Coverley inherit the title family's fortune. Neddy Merrill swims through the pools of all his neighbors in a story by, FTP, what American author of The Wapshot Chronicles?.;;(John) Cheever
;;This artist added architectural details to his The Little Chapel Chancelade when his first sketch was deemed too accurate, and later in life painted homages to Monet series like January, which introduced the element of snow. His lesser-known work includes some male nudes, like the bare-assed stick-wielder in The Spotted Man and another who douses himself with water near a trough in Sultry Night. A cross section is shown in Dinner for Threshers and a telephone pole forms a cross in the strained perspective piece Death on Ridge Road, while he showed himself seated in the foreground before some immigrants in Return from Bohemia. A young boy holds an axe while his adult self pulls back a curtain in Parson Weems' Fable, part of a series of his historical satires like Daughters of the American Revolution. Also the author of the essay "Revolt Against the City," FTP, name this regionalist who painted some couple outside a farm or something in American Gothic.;;(Grant) Wood
;;This group was initially supported by Henri Curiel, who had close ties to many of its members and may have been invited to its meetings, as the founder of HAMETU - Curiel would later turn against them and emigrate to found the Rome Group. After attaining power, they quickly squashed a strike at the Misr textile factory and formed a body which passed the Agrarian Reform Law, meant to abolish the absentee landlord class and promote investment. That body was the Revolutionary Command Council, which was set up by this movement after the seizure of Abdin Palace on July 23. Originally consisting of nine men, who were dubbed the "class of 1937," they were supported by the Muslim Brethren and they succeeded in ousting Farouk I, who sailed into exile on his royal yacht. FTP, name this secret faction within the army led by Gamal Nasser, a group of radicals who promoted the 1952 revolution in Egypt.;;Free Officers (movement)
;;These phenomena can be minimized by ceramic ferrites or thin insulating laminations. Whey pulsed, they can be used to analyze the cracking or corrosion of aluminum structures, though they are also used in non-destructive testing of conductive surfaces. They are the main cause of the skin effect felt by AC currents in conductors and in superconductors they can cause magnetic levitation because the induced and external magnetic fields balance each other. Their namesake shape forms because of a Lorentz force on electrons moving in the passing conductor, and their namesake loss represents the amount of useful work converted to heat, which finds practical use in braking systems. FTPE, name these electric loops induced in a conductor passing through a magnetic field.;;eddy currents
;;One character in this novel has a laboratory at his home where he performs experiments on reptiles, bees, and his Chinese servant who is given progressively larger quantities of opium to see how much the human body can stand - that character is an Assyriologist who loans the protagonist his copy of Ernest Renan's Recollections of My Youth, which he reads twice. Erastus Winch makes a living by selling dairy furniture and farm utensils and Levi Gorringe is a lawyer with designs on the wife of the protagonist, who is himself infatuated with a woman who talks about her love for ancient Greece, vows never to marry, and plays Chopin, but who eventually rejects the protagonist in New York. That woman, Celia Madden, joins the other residents of the impoverished village of Octavius, Dr. Ledsmar and Father Forbes, in causing the title character to steadily lose his faith. FTP, name this 1896 novel, a classic of American literature written by Harold Frederic.;;(The) Damnation of Theron Ware
;;One song by this artist begins "I had a dream crispy crispy Benjamin Franklin came over and babysat all four of my kids," while another ends by proudly declaring "someone next door is fucking to one of my songs." In other songs, she declares "all the nonbelievers, they get to eat dirt, and the believers get to spit on their graves," and advises "maybe you should kiss someone nice, or lick a rock, or both." Tracks like "Chemo Limo" and "Sailor Song" appear on her compilation album Mary Ann Meets the Gravediggers and Other Stories, along with "Poor Little Rich Boy," which typically uses a wooden chair as percussion, while "Ghost of Corporate Future" and "Apres Moi" appear on Begin to Hope. She's better known for a love song which begins "You are my sweetest downfall, I loved you first," that being a take on the Biblical story of Samson. FTP, name this artist of tracks like "On the Radio" and "Fidelity," a New York-based pianist and musician born in Russia.;;(Regina) Spektor
;;At several points in this play, the main character talks about whether or not there was a "raptus," which he defines according to the definition of Bandieu. He later quotes the line "Nolimus aut velimus, omnibus gentibus, justitiam et veritatem," which he attributes to Pope Gregory I - he repeats the same line at the end when the play closes with him saying "It's true - we're in the shit right up to our necks, and that's precisely the reason why we walk with our heads held high!" The work begins when he is accused of impersonating a psychiatrist, and it's revealed that he's also impersonated a bishop three times, but his fast talking manages to implicate a man named Sports Jacket. That main character is a supposed schizophrenic known as the Maniac, who frustrates the efforts of Inspector Bertozzo. Based on the real story of a railway man Giuseppe Pinelli who was interrogated for his role in the bombing of a Milan bank, FTP, name this 1970 political satire written by Dario Fo.;;Accidental Death of an Anarchist
;;The first movement of this piece opens with an oboe melody, which is repeated at the start of the fourth and final movement, and then is joined by flute arpeggios. Inspired by its composer's time with the organist Thomas Ward, the second movement is a barcarolle with flute counter-melody and the third introduces African themes. It was first performed by Hans Sitt in Bonorand's restaurant in Liepzig, where it was composed. The "Dance" section of the first movement is also known as "La Calinda," a tune which the composer would use again in his later opera Koanga. That movement, heavily inspired by Grieg, is entitled "Daybreak" - the next movement is "By the River," which refers to the setting of this work on St. John's River, while the piece concludes with "Sunset - Near the Plantation" and "At Night." FTP, name this orchestral suite performed in 1887 which draws on the composer's time as manager of the Solano orange grove, a work by Frederick Delius.;;Florida (Suite)
;;This work begins by noting that "the age we live in is a busy age, in which knowledge is rapidly advancing towards perfection," but says improvement in the natural world must be followed by reformation in the moral. The fifth and last chapter is on the "Duty of the Supreme Power to Make Laws," which is refuted, after the fourth chapter on the "Right of the Supreme Power to Make Laws." In chapter 3, the author cynically uses a mathematical proof to show that the British constitution is all-perfect, but says the same proof could show that it is "all-weak, all-foolish, and all-knavish." It opens with an epigraph from Montesquieu saying that "nothing draws back the progress of knowledge more than a bad work of a celebrated author," and the work itself is a critique of a major portion of Blackstone's Commentaries. It represents the first major work of its author, published a decade before An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. FTP, name this brief piece on rule by the state written by Jeremy Bentham.;;(A) Fragment on Government
;;This man prefaces one of his works "my attitude in writingwas that an honest man erected the ignoring of tact into a point of honor." For over a decade, he worked on a now-lost manuscript "Asymmetry in Buddha Faces" and some of his poetry like "Aubade" and "The Teasers" appears in the tiny collection The Gathering Storm. One of his books inspired a story of the same name by Shirley Jackson about a college student who comes across a rare find at a bookstore, but is deprived of it by a man. This author of Some Versions of Pastoral portrayed another author as a humanist seeking to make Christianity less wicked in his controversial book Milton's God. But, this student of I.A. Richards is best known for a work contending that poetry often receives its power from the ability of metaphors and other devices to yield several different meanings. FTP, name this English critic who inspired New Criticism by writing about The Seven Types of Ambiguities.;;(William) Empson
;;A teacher in this work uses Jean-Marie Guyau's explanation of a proverb in which a woman rises every day hoping that she will find her groom, and though she never does, she remains happy with her dream intact. He also tells the parable of the Hospitable King and the author writes that "if we could cast the spirit of charity in the mold of Greek elegance, we would know perfection," contrasting Greece with ancient Egypt. It argues that specialization produces mediocrity in society and that democracy leads to rule by vulgar masses who cannot appreciate beauty, which leads to the evil of utilitarianism, a result of what the author calls Nordomania. An altered version of it was written by Roberto Fernandez Retamar. Translated in 1988 with a critical prologue by Carlos Fuentes, it sharply criticizes the view of history put forth earlier by Sarmiento in his Facundo. Dedicated to the youth of Latin America and first published in 1900 in Uruguay, FTP, name this essay by Jose Enrique Rodo, in which he represents Latin America as the title literary character taken from Shakespeare.;;Ariel
;;The final chapter of this work contends that the need for identity narratives is grounded in simultaneous awareness of the continuity of time and the "forgetting" of that continuity. The previous chapter concerns three important institutions - the census, the map, and the museum. Another chapter remarks that racism is conceived in blood and has its origin in ideology and class, but patriotism is conceived in language. A major portion discusses the process by which people have lost the idea that any particular language script holds a privileged access to truth, and the vernacular-ization of language, which has been greatly aided by "printing press capitalism." The fourth chapter looks at "Creole Pioneers," speculating as to why those peoples became familiar with an idea of nation-ness prior to much of Europe. A work subtitled "Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism," it argues that the idea of nation is best modeled by the title social constructions. FTP, name this 1983 book written by Benedict Anderson.;;Imagined Communities(:) (Reflections) (on) (the) (Origin) (and) (Spread) (of) (Nationalism)
;;One regiment of the losing army in this battle was given the derisive nickname "Les Canards" or the "Ducks," because they were the first to retreat across a bridge which collapsed, leading to thousands of casualties. It was fought on the edge of the dense Spessart Hills, which the losing army hoped to use as a trap. General Ilton, who led the foot guard for the winning force, was jokingly referred to as the "Confectioner" by Horace Walpole for his actions here. The battle began when the Duc de Grammont launched an attack while his main force stood on the opposite bank of the river under the command of the Duc de Noailles, who had moved to cut off supply lines from Flanders. Though the losers would avenge themselves two years later at the Battle of Fontenoy, this contest is often remembered for the unusual fact that the forces of the Pragmatic Army were personally led into battle by the reigning monarch, George II of England. FTP, name this 1743 battle in the War of Austrian Succession fought at the namesake site in Germany.;;(Battle) (of) Dettingen
;;The main character of this novel meets Hazel Watson, who is referred to as "Topsy," and works for an actress named Arline Strange, who plays a mulatto in the Broadway show "Cabaret Gal." She later gets a job with Clere Sloane, the wife of Campbell Kitchen, in the final chapter "Pyrrhic Victory," after the previous chapter had seen her marvel at Ray Jorgenson while attending a rent party with Alva. This book is the first of its author's three novels, the other two being The Interne and Infants of the Spring. It tells the story of a young woman born in Boise, Idaho who goes to college at USC - that woman, Emma Lou Morgan, later becomes a teacher in Harlem. The author of this book famously inhabited an apartment known as "Niggerati Manor," and this work, subtitled "A Novel of Negro Life," draws its title from a folk saying about how to predict the sweetness of juice. FTP, name this most famous novel by Wallace Thurman.;;(The) Blacker the Berry(:) (A) (Novel) (of) (Negro) (Life)
;;We learn that the main character of this novel was described at birth by a priest as having "a weak streak that would give him a tendency towards slothfulness and deceit." He recalls his old bumbling colleague who was nicknamed "the Tortoise," and expresses sadness that his grandson is obsessed with playing cowboys and indians and dreams of being Popeye the Sailor Man. That protagonist used to be a member of the Committee of Unpatriotic Activities, in which capacity he turned Kuroda into the authorities. As the book opens, he is concerned with repairing his bomb-damaged home and arranging the second marriage attempt of his younger daughter Noriko. That protagonist, Masuji Ono, attempts to reconnect with his past including his first teacher who had burned his idealistic paintings. FTP, name this second novel by Kazuo Ishiguro with a title that invokes traditional Japanese painting.;;(An) Artist of the Floating World
;;This composer's lesser work includes the choral piece "Christ Nacht" and an intermezzo for string quartet in E flat major, along with a popular string quartet in D minor. In the midst of his secret love affair with Melanie Kochert, the wife of his benefactor, he completed his symphonic poem Penthesilea. His most popular work includes his Italian Serenade, a string quartet in G major which spawned a later orchestral version arranged by Max Reger. Though he nearly finished the opera Manuel Venegas before being admitted to an insane asylum late in life, his only finished opera was, much like the work of Manuel da Falla, based on Alarcon's Three-Cornered Hat - that opera is Der Corregidor. FTP, name this 19th century Austrian composer who turned the works of writers like Eichendorff, Morike, and Goethe into books featuring hundreds and hundreds of songs, which often leads him to be dubbed the greatest composer of lieder.;;(Hugo) Wolf
;;Each of the six chapters of this book except the first one are divided into a regular chapter which gives a general treatment of the subject and a chapter marked with a star, which shows the formal mathematical proofs. The author argues that "acyclicity" is a necessary and sufficient condition, or that one can use the slightly stronger condition of "quasi-transitivity," but that "simple general principles of pure systems" do not have a superior moral claim. The most important chapter attempts to destroy a common assumption by positing systems with partial interpersonal comparison of utility and partial cardinality, and was developed into the author's essay "The Impossibility of a Paretian Liberal" published the same year. This work sees the author put forth his "liberal paradox," an extension of Arrow's Impossibility Theorem. FTP, name this influential economic treatise of 1970, which made a name for Amartya Sen.;;Collective Choice and Social Welfare
;;At one point, this figure pretends to be dead by allowing ants to carry off bits of his hair, and he claims that he played ball with the large mountains like Chigag and Pecul, which he made in a single night. He declares "I am he who made the earth!," while his brother Cabrakan makes the earth shake. He cleverly digs a secret passage in the ground so as to avoid a log being tossed down upon him, and then later he explodes from the earth to send his would-be killers up to the Pleiades. He is finally undone by a crab made out of wood, which he ventured into a ravine in search of, allowing a mountain to be hurled upon him. A son of Chimalmat and Vucub Caquix the Great Macaw, he is defeated by the forces of Xbalanque and Hunahpu, commonly known as the Hero Twins. FTP, name this boastful giant in the Popol Vuh.;;Zipacna
;;A story about this man says that late in life he went insane and was put in the stocks guarded by a slave, but he got that slave to give him a knife and freed himself, only to commit suicide by slicing himself to pieces from the feet up. Another story says that he led a force which was opposed by the female poet Telesilla, who armed women, children, and invalids to oppose this man after he had slayed thousands at the Battle of Sepeia. His daughter Gorgo reportedly warned him against trusting the foreigner Aristagoras, who was seeking his aid for a revolt. The marriage situation of his father Anaxandrides created a rivalry between him and his half-brother Dorieus, and he was also opposed by Demaratus, a ruler of the Eurypontid line. He defied him by attempting to set up the tyrant Isagoras, after he had chased Hippias from power by leading an invasion of Attica. Succeeded by his half-brother Leonidas, FTP, name this man who ruled from 520 to 490 BC as a king of Sparta.;;(King) Cleomenes (I)
;;At the beginning of this opera, two main characters give orders for French food to Nicholas, the Major-Domo, and one offers to read to the other, picking up a book of Oedipus, but she is told to put it away with the line "You do not know how to read. You have never known what love is!" At the end, a recurring theme is repeated when Nicholas is told to cover the mirrors in the room once again. The setting, an unnamed "Northern country," was inspired by the Seven Gothic Tales of Isak Dinesen. The main character sings "Must the Winter Come So Soon?" before the arrival of Anatol, who is immediately recognized as an impostor by Erika. The central role was written for Maria Callas but taken by Eleanor Steber, who had previously commissioned its composer to do Knoxville: Summer of 1915. Written in four acts by librettist Gian Carlo Menotti and later reduced to three, FTP, name this 1957 opera by Samuel Barber in which the title woman waits for her lover.;;Vanessa
;;At one point in this work, the author uses the example of a rotating disk of copper to illustrate what he means by "guiding principles." Near the beginning, that author praises Roger Bacon for seeing the reasoning of his fellow scholars as an obstacle to truth, and then praises "the more celebrated Bacon" for the first book of his Novum Organum. The author tells a story of someone who once tried to encourage him to read a newspaper which argued against free trade, but he stubbornly refused, in order to demonstrate what he calls the "method of tenacity." That method, along with the "method of authority" and the "a priori method" are dismissed in this work, because they do not succeed at answering the inquiries which men naturally raise when they have doubts. It was published as part of a series which included "The Doctrine of Chances" and "The Order of Nature" in Popular Science Monthly, where it was followed by "How to Make Our Ideas Clear." FTP, name this article which advocates the scientific method to accomplish the title phenomenon, written by C.S. Peirce.;;(The) Fixation of Belief
;;Some people who played this position in the pre-modern era include George Trafton, who was later the coach of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, and Mel Hein, who later coached at USC. Bear Bryant remarked that the best one he had ever coached was Dwight Stevenson, who went on to play for the Dolphins in the 80s. The NFC Pro Bowl selections in 1997 at this position were Tony Mayberry, from the Buccaneers, and Kevin Glover, from the Lions, while an earlier example is Mark Stepnoski of the Cowboys. A more recent player at this position suddenly disappeared for nearly 24 hours leading up to Super Bowl 37, leading his team, the Oakland Raiders, to remove him from their starting lineup. It was occupied during the Steelers dynasty of the late 70s and 80s by "Iron" Mike Webster, while some current examples include the Harvard-educated Matt Birk and Olin Kreutz. FTP, name this football position which snaps the ball to the quarterback.;;centers
;;One poem by this author ends "Maybe your color irradiates my words, if they hurt the light of the coming time, I won't call ancestral love the love I'm crying for, the impetuous breaking off with the incomparable earth." Another poem, consisting of three lines, declares "Everyone stands alone on the heart of the earth / Transfixed by a sun-ray: / And it is suddenly night," and is in this author's first collection Waters and Lands. He delivered a lecture on "The Poet and the Politician," later published as an essay, which argues that those two personas have fashioned opposite notions of freedom. His earlier volumes include Scent of Eucalyptus and Sunken Oboe, but with volumes like the critically praised Day After Day, published in the wake of World War II, he began to turn his verse toward engaging social problems. He'd earlier been a leader of the Hermeticist movement, along with other writers like Ungaretti and Montale. FTP, name this 20th century Italian poet with a rather amusing name.;;(Salvatore) Quasimodo
;;The classic translation of this work is edited by Geoffrey Bromiley and Thomas Forsyth Torrance of Edinburgh University. One part defines evil as "the Nothingness," comparing it to a hole in a bucket, and then goes on a few excurses about Mozart, whom the author admires for playing music "in a state of emergency;" the author allegedly played Mozart on his gramophone every day before writing this work. It was written in four volumes, though each contains "part-volumes," such that it often appears collected in 14 total volumes, counting the "Index" at the end. The author spent over 35 years working on it, leaving one part-volume unfinished at his death, and planned a never-written fifth volume "The Doctrine of Redemption." In between, that author worked on the Barmen declaration and wrote Epistle to the Romans, both actions which led him to be a founding father of the Confessing Church. FTP, name this magnum opus by theologian Karl Barth.;;Church Dogmatics
;;This event was investigated by the attorney general George Anderson on behalf of Governor Francis Cockburn. He had agreed to intervene on the demand of John Bacon, who was revealed to have cooked up a failed plot during this incident with Zephaniah Gifford. Four years after its occurrence, a series of six insurance cases were brought before Judge Henry Adams Bullard, the most famous one on behalf of Thomas McCargo. An essay on this event entitled "The Duty of the Free States" was composed by William Ellery Channing, while a fictionalized account of it featured a heroic image of Madison Washington and was written by William Wells Brown. The most famous response to it was by Ohio representative Joshua Reed Giddings, who introduced nine resolutions contending that Virginia law was inapplicable to this case. FTP, name this incident in 1841 in which slaves en route to New Orleans mutinied and demanded that the namesake brig be taken to the Bahamas.;;Creole (affair/case)
;;This author wrote a pornographic poem about the Garden of Eden entitled "The Origin of Evil, an Elegy," while he borrowed from Don Quixote for his satire The Island of Barrataria. That work was collected in his volume of Four Plays edited by Peach and Newbourgh, which also contains his sacred dramas like The Origin of the Feast of Purim. In addition to writing The Georgia Spec, or Land in the Moon and some essays under his pen name "Spondee," he wrote a novel which describes the adventures of Dr. Updike Underhill, who nearly becomes a Mohammedan when he's sold into slavery in Africa. His most famous work contrasts the virtuous Henry Manly with the English dandy Billy Dimple, who is engaged to Maria Van Rough, but freely sleeps around. This author, who became the Chief Judge on the Supreme Court of Vermont, is best known for that play, which was notably performed at the John Street Theatre and entitled The Contrast. FTP, name this man who nearly married John Adams' daughter Abigail, and who is widely regarded as the founder of American drama.;;(Royall) Tyler
;;One stanza of this poem begins by depicting a scene "inert, [where] all things burn in the tawny hour" as the speaker stands alone in "ancient floods of light," a contrast with an earlier part where he described his doubt as "the hoard of ancient night." That speaker notices two intertwined figures at his feet who are bruised by "languor in the pain of being two," and he seizes them, without untangling them. This piece was begun about the same time as its author's long poem "Herodias," and published in a volume decorated by a line drawing of Edouard Manet. In the end, the speaker lies on sand delighting to open his mouth to "wine's potent star" and return to dreams, saying "I shall see the shade that you now are." FTP, name this poem which begins by talking about perpetuating some nymphs, a symbolist masterpiece by Stephane Mallarme which inspired Claude Debussy to compose his Prelude.;;(The) Afternoon of a Faun
;;William de Sitter described a general relativistic correction to it in 1916. The Thomas variety of this process is a correction to the spin-orbit interaction in an atom, and Larmor described this process happening to magnetic moments in the presence of an external field. The Lense-Thirring effect causes this to occur near massive objects, and Poinsot's Ellipsoid is an example of the torque-free variety. The Earth undergoes this process with a period of 26000 years, and tidal forces in the form of nutation perturb it. For ten points, identify this general physical process in which the angular momentum vector of an object rotates.;;Precession
;;This writer examines drafts of "The Ages of the World" by Schelling in his The Indivisible Remainder. In one work, he argues that political subjects rely upon others to know the meaning of "master signifiers," while in another he analyzes the designs of European toilets. He discusses his notion of enjoyment as a political factor in For They Know Not What They Do, attacks critics of Cartesian subjectivity in The Ticklish Subject, and writes on Gilles Deleuze and consequences in Organs Without Bodies. In other works, he analyzes the evolution of detective fiction and David Lynch's Lost Highway, but he may be best known for works like The Sublime Object of Ideology in which he reformulates the notion of ideology, and for composing several books on Jacques Lacan. FTP, name this modern philosopher born in Slovenia.;;(Slavoj) Zizek
;;This writer's final work was a short comedy in two acts "Small War on Murray Hill." Elena Krug is married to the psychiatrist Anton but obsessed with what life would have been had she married Prince Rudolf von Hapsburg, who now drives a cab in Nice, in Reunion in Vienna. The Nobel Prize-winning scientist Doctor Kaarlo Valkonen and his American wife Miranda refuse to flee their home in There Shall Be No Night. Harry Van manages the troupe of showgirls "Les Blondes" who are stranded at the Hotel Monte Gabriele in the Italian Alps in Idiot's Delight. A more famous play sees the hitchhiker Alan Squier meet Gabby Maple in a diner, only to request that the assassin Duke Mantee kill him for insurance money. FTP, name this American playwright who authored Abe Lincoln in Illinois and The Petrified Forest.;;(Robert) Sherwood
;;This kind of compound is the last intermediate in the Bamford-Stevens reaction, and the foiled type of them is stabilized by the presence of a nearby double bond.  In credit for his isolation of them, Arduengo's name is sometimes attached to the persistent, or stable kind of these compounds.  Tebbe's reagent can react with a Lewis base to form the Schrock type of these, while another class of them can act like ketones and is named for Ernst Fischer.  A common example is formed by reacting chloroform with a strong base, and they can add to alkenes to form stereo-specific cyclopropanes.  FTP, name these reactive intermediates that are typically sp2 hybridized with a divalent carbon, an empty p orbital, and an unshared pair of electrons, making them electrically neutral.;;carbene
;;This architect originally attended film school and co-wrote a film noir The White Slave, about a man who naively sells girls into an Arab brothel in the desert. His designs include the Nexus Housing project in Fukuoka, Japan, consisting of 24 individual houses of three stories, and the Bordeaux House, whose middle section is an all-glass room that also functions as an elevator. Also known for work on the Seattle Public Library, he wrote a so-called "retroactive manifesto for Manhattan" entitled Delirious New York, where he first elaborated on his theory of "Bigness," celebrating the mega-structure as all that can survive. His views are apparent in his master plan for "Euralille," designed by his firm, the Office for Metropolitan Architecture or OMA, as well as his design for the CCTV Building in China - all outlined in his massive collection of essays entitled S, M, L, XL. FTP, name this modern Dutch architect with a really cool name.;;(Rem) Koolhaas
;;Frank Kermode contends that the repeated use of forms of the word "equivocate" in this work, which at the time could mean a priest's license to lie under torture, are further proof of its surreptitious commentary on the Gunpowder Plot. Coleridge criticized this work for its lack of punning, especially in relation to the author's other works, while Graham Bradshaw uses the protagonist's statement that his mind is "full of scorpions" as evidence that his marriage is normative. T.S. Eliot first illustrated his interpretation of the objective correlative by describing the state of mind of the protagonist's wife during her Act V sleepwalking. An 1823 commentary of this work analyzes an event at the end of Act II, Scene ii, saying the character's crimes have created a "hell in him" and it is "into this hell we are to look." That event, which was analyzed by Thomas DeQuincey, was the "knocking at the gate in," FTP, what tragedy by Shakespeare that ends with Macduff beheading the titular Scot.;;Macbeth
;;Anthony Saunders and Ingo Walter studied the conflict of interest associated with this act, and A. G. Becker was the plaintiff in a court case involved with resolving disputes associated with it. The phrase "engaged principally" in Section 20 has been reinterpreted to allow some previously prohibited activities. Support for it came from a New York City prosecutor named Ferdinand Pecora, and one of its namesakes was a Virginia Senator who later served as Truman's Secretary of the Treasury. Part of it was dubbed Regulation Q, but was repealed by a 1980 act, and other provisions of it were repealed by the 1999 Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. An act which established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, FTP, name this 1933 piece of legislation dealing with bank reform.;;Glass(-)Steagall (Act)
;;In their namesake walls, hypothesized to exist in the CGC matter state, they are disordered and do not change position rapidly because of time dilation effects. Not treated as field lines in the Lund string model, they were first detected as three-jet events during deep inelastic scattering experiments with PETRA II at DESY. A collection of these, an example of which may be fJ(1710), may demonstrate the mass gap associated with Yang-Mills theory. Though normally confined, they may behave as free particles in a high temperature plasma along with quarks. Corresponding to the Gell-Mann matrices, the eight different types of these massless, spin 1, gauge bosons possess a degree of freedom known as color. FTP, name these particles that mediate the strong force between hadrons.;;gluons
;;In one poem in this collection, a voice declares that a place with sand, heat, and a vacant horizon "is no desert," and another poem describes a man who "saw a ball of gold in the sky." In its twentieth poem, a man says "I know the way;" but that poem ends with the line "I am lost." Other free-form poems describe "little blades of grass" that stand "before God," and "three little birds in a row" who sit musing and nudge each other to laugh at a man, declaring "He thinks he can sing." After that, a creature squats in the desert and eats his heart, which is bitter, but he likes it that way. The title piece describes "clang and clang of spear and shield, and clash and clash of hoof and heel." Published four years before its author's War Is Kind, the first line of its first poem describes the titular people who "came from the sea." FTP, name this first and most famous poetry collection by Stephen Crane.;;(The) Black Riders (and) (Other) (Lines)
;;According to Apollodorus, this mythological figure buried Ascalaphus beneath a rock in Hades; when Heracles freed him, this figure turned him into an owl. After a foolish act by King Erisychthon, she tormented him with an unending hunger leading him to eventually devour his own flesh. She lent her chariot, pulled by winged dragons, to the mortal Triptolemus, who was the brother of a boy she allowed to be burned to death. That figure, Demophon, was the son of Metanira and Celeus, at whose home this deity stayed in the guise of an old woman named Doso while she searched for her child. The mother of the horse Arion with Poseidon, FTP, name this Olympian who, with her brother Zeus, was the mother of Persephone.;;Demeter
;;This writer called the differences between his own rotary club and the Business Men's Association of Harlem "imperceptible" in his article "The Dilemma of Social Pattern," which also suggests that blacks can challenge the dominant culture through their "emotional qualities." His contention regarding the use of pebbles for counting and census taking in Dahomey has been mostly discredited, but his coining of the term "socialized ambivalence" in reference to Haitian cultural behavior has had more lasting impact. He's best known for a book in which he debunked the titular false belief that the Black Man in America is a "man without a past," a work that helped him establish the first chair in African Studies at an American university. FTP name this cultural anthropologist associated with Northwestern University, the author of The Myth of the Negro Past.;;(Melville) Herskovits
;;Grove Gilbert studied this phenomenon at Lake Bonneville. The value 2-pi-G-rho-h, which is known as the Bouguer correction, is an anomaly related to it. A model for it developed by Heiskanen was a compromise between earlier models, while a regional model was later formulated by Veining Meinesz. The previous models, which assumed uniform density or thickness were developed by Airy and Pratt. Coined in name by Clarence Dutton, its most accepted model was proposed by Hayford and Bowie and states that the depth of compensation is 70 miles. Caused in part by the dense mantle, it leads to the forces that elevate landmasses balancing the forces that depress landmasses. FTP, name this equilibrium in the Earth's crust.;;isostasy|isostasis|isostatic (model)
;;In this work, one character says Silvio should "be my touchwood," following some laughter from the description of a horse that "reels from the tilt often." The title character is called "an excellent feeder of pedigrees" and her twin brother is diagnosed with lycanthropia. Part of Act V is set in a church graveyard and includes the Echo Scene, and its fourth act includes the Madmen's Scene. One character named Julia is killed with a poisoned Bible, and the servant Cariola dies by strangling, while another character is forced to look at a severed hand and some fake corpses. Based on William Painter's The Palace of Pleasure, it ends with the accidental murder of Antonio instead of the Cardinal by the slave Bosola. The titular noblewoman marries below her rank in, FTP, what tragedy by John Webster?.;;(The) Duchess of Malfi
;;His practices of incest and bestiality were discussed in a recent Henry Adams book entitled this artist Revealed. His works of North American Indians include "Moose Hunt" and "Mourning Her Brave," and a trip to North Dakota provided the clothing worn by the main figure in his work Home Ranch. One work by this artist was commissioned by Edward Hornor Coates, but was later exchanged for a less controversial work entitled The Pathetic Song. That controversial work, which depicted his dog Harry, the artist himself treading water, and a group of naked boys on a stone at Mill Creek, was entitled The Swimming Hole. FTP, name this artist who used the Schuylkill River and Jefferson Medical College as the settings of his paintings Max Schmitt in a Single Scull and The Gross Clinic.;;(Thomas) Eakins
;;This movement was greatly influenced by the writings of Henri de Lubac and Yves Congar. At a 1964 meeting in what was then called Petropolis, a call for personal engagement in world affairs and greater studies in social and political sciences for ecclesiastical scholars was made, and at a 1969 conference in Cartigny, Switzerland, a manifesto gave this movement its name. Supported early on by men like Leonardo Boff, a criticism by Bernard Ratzinger of this movement's main founder, the Peruvian Gustavo Gutierrez, centered on his emphasis of ritual over orthodoxy and his unquestioning acceptance of Marxist precepts. Including groups like the Christian Socialist Movement and centered mostly in Third-World countries, FTP, name this movement which emphasizes the role of Christianity in providing social justice.;;liberation theology
;;The formulator of this term differentiated it from two similar cases by describing one as "assertoric," or impelled by the goal of happiness, and the other as "problematic," as its ends are optional. Habermas objected to this concept because it allows for monological justification of norms as opposed to societal determinations. Derek Parfit's application of it to the Prisoner's Dilemma contends that the optimal result is both players' cooperating and remaining silent. The idea of "defeasibility of duty" formulated by J.S. Mill counters this idea by stating that it provides no guidelines by which to determine the relative importance of moral acts when faced with conflicting duties. Its formulator countered Benjamin Constant's famous argument against it with his short essay "On a Supposed Right to Tell Lies from Benevolent Motives." FTP, name this central tenet of the moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant.;;categorical imperative
;;This author's use of realism is discussed in the essay "Farewell to Jane Austen." One poem by this author describes an arch that was built too low, which led to a melon becoming king, and his poetry collections include All You Who Sleep Tonight and The Humble Administrator's Garden. One novel by this man was inspired by his relationship with violinist Philippe Honore, and another includes a character who "still bears the scars of Middlemarch." In addition to the memoir Two Lives, he created a character named Phil who works at Lungless Labs, in a novel consisting of 690 sonnets. Also the author of the collection Mappings, his most famous work is set in Brahmpur and centers on Rupa Mehra's attempt to find the title character for her daughter Leta. FTP, name this Indian author of An Equal Music, The Golden Gate, and A Suitable Boy.;;(Vikram) Seth
;;The first example of this class of compounds was accidentally synthesized by Kealy and Pauson while trying to make fulvalene.  Jerome Maynadie used acetonitrile to convert the bent type of them into the first linear type with an f-element, and types of these compounds containing an intramolecular bridge between two of its components are dubbed the ansa variety. These compounds are often named for Kaminsky when combined with a methyl-alumin-oxane promoter, in which form they can catalyze reactions via the same mechanism as Ziegler-Natta catalysts to create olefin polymers of specific tacticity.  Often containing zirconium or iron, FTP identify these compounds that consist of two cyclo-penta-di-enyl ligands bound to a central transition metal ion in a sandwich-like manner, whose prototypical example is ferrocene.;;metallocenes
;;In this work, the ancient Egyptian concept of the "ka" is compared with the Mesopotamian "ili" as manifestations of the title theory. A carving from the Memphite Theology depicting Khnum forming a king with his right hand and the king's ka with his left is meant to show the lateralization for which this work argues. Its first book states that the title phenomenon is "Not a Copy of Experience," nor is it a necessary prerequisite for reasoning. The lack of description of subjective states in The Iliad is presented as evidence of the titular state that may have been enervated by the rise of writing, the recognition of internal motivations in the actions of others, and evolutionary factors. Positing an early state of human cognition divided between "speaking" and auditory functions, FTP, name this controversial 1975 work presenting a theory of the beginnings of human self-awareness, written by Julian Jaynes.;;(The) Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind
;;John Bennet's Weep, O Mine Eyes was an homage to John Dowland's composition of this type, and Paul Creston's Opus 89 consists of twelve variations of this type. The fourth movement of the John Adams composition John's Book of Alleged Dances features one of these subtitled "She's so Fine." A famous work of this type in F-sharp minor by Faure begins with the melody being played by a solo flute against some pizzicato strings. The best known musical composition of this type was originally a six-minute piano work dedicated to Winaretta Singer, but is often performed by an orchestra and begins with a French horn solo. The dance of this variety was adapted from the basse, and was often paired with a galliard in Spanish courts before being superseded by the courante. FTP, name this type of stately court dance that was popular during the 16th century, whose name appears in a composition by Maurice Ravel written for "a Dead Princess.".;;pavane
;;This author argued that fiction provides more truthful depictions of events than standard histories in essays such as "Historical Characters Are False Representations of Nature" and "The Difference between History and Romance." His final novel describes, in epistolary form, a woman who falls in love with the poet Henry Colden, a devotee of William Godwin, but must conquer the objections of her aunt Mrs. Fielder. Previous to Jane Talbot, in another novel this author describes a villainously intelligent title figure who is "the secret witness" to Constantia Dudley's affairs. In an earlier work, subtitled "Memoirs of a Sleep Walker," the title character tries to determine whether Clithero murdered Waldegrave. Better known than Ormond and Edgar Huntly is a novel in which Theodore misinterprets the voices of the ventriloquist Carwin and ends up killing his own wife and children. FTP, name this early American author of Wieland.;;(Charles) (Brockden) Brown
;;One of this author's works, set on the fictional island of Azania, sees the organization of a "Birth Control Gala" by Basil Seal, who is attempting to modernize the country of Emperor Seth. Another work features the American evangelist Mrs. Ape and Adam Fenwick-Symes, who repeatedly attempts and fails to marry Nina Blount. A two-month journey to Mexico produced "Robbery Under Law," while this author of Black Mischief wrote in another work about the marriage of Margot Beste-Chetwynde and Paul Pennyfeather. In addition to Vile Bodies, this author of Decline and Fall wrote a book in which Mr. Todd forces Tony Last to read him Dickens works. FTP, name this writer of A Handful of Dust who described the Marchmain estate and Charles Ryder in Brideshead Revisited.;;(Evelyn) Waugh
;;Early in his career, this man went to the Anyuan collier to organize miners, and in Moscow he attended the University for Toilers of the East. His wife, Wang Guangmei, was criticized for her bourgeois lifestyle, and he led the Sino-Soviet Friendship Association from 1949 to 1954. He gave the addresses "On the Intra-Party Struggle" and "How To Be a Good Communist" after being appointed as CCP chairman when Mao engaged in talks with Chiang Kai-shek in 1945. Rumors of his death began circulating in 1974, and in 1980 it was revealed that he died in 1969. An ally of Deng Xiaoping, he went against Mao by refusing to direct the class struggle against "capitalist roaders," and he was replaced as Mao's successor by Lin Biao in 1966. FTP, name this chief theoretician of the early Chinese Communist Party.;;Liu (Shaoqi)
;;In this work, the author takes issue with Themistius' idea that the intellect is seldom mistaken when it descends into particulars, and he also rejects Chrysostom's idea that "Whom he draws, he draws willingly." The author cites with admiration the work of ancient philosophers in the areas of logic and mathematics as proof of the gifts that God bestowed upon human nature, and concludes saying that St. Paul did not condemn lawsuits per se but only the excessive litigation of Corinth. It began with an address to King Francis I of France, and condemns the "papist" sacraments. Its author, whose life was written by his disciple Theodore Beza, uses this work to expound on his concept of predestination. FTP, name this first systematic theological treatise of the Protestant Reformation, a work of John Calvin.;;Institutes (of) (the) (Christian) (Religion)
;;He served as a war artist at the front line at Gerardmer and painted the Interrogation of the Prisoner, and he made panels of the assembly line of the Lyon munitions factory. He lived with his seamstress mother until her death, an experience that inspired domestic scenes such as his Woman Sweeping, and he designed sets and illustrated programs for the Symbolist Theatre de L'Oeuvre. He painted scenes from Le Malade imaginaire and Tristan Bernard's Le Petit Cafe for the foyer of the Comedie des Champs-Elysees, and he also painted a gigantic mural for the League of Nations. Known for his nine panel series Public Gardens, he was classified as an "intimist" for his close interior scenes. FTP, name this French painter, an associate of Pierre Bonnard and a fellow member of the Nabis movement.;;(Edoard) Vuillard
;;In one chapter of this work, the author discusses "Frames of Acceptance," while another part discusses what constitutes "The Shape of Unionism." Another chapter states that intellectuals were "betrayed by what is false in them," and compares Andrew Jackson's use of the spoils-system to Leninist thought. The author differs with Balzac's quote about "the giant power wielded by pygmies" in regard to bureaucracy, and describes Alice Adams as entering a "modern nunnery" when she decided to go to business school. This work examines the "Big Split" between work and leisure, discussing the title group as victims of the Managerial Demiurge. FTP, name this work subtitled The American Middle Classes and written by C. Wright Mills.;;White Collar(:) (The) (American) (Middle) (Classes)
;;An affair with a Swedish filmmaker named Marcus eventually leads the main character in this novel to acquire a passport from Brandt Vermuelen to travel to Europe. There she becomes the mistress of the French teacher Bernard Chabalier, who she meets while staying at the house of her father's first wife, Katya Bagnelli, in Nice. She later runs into her childhood African friend, Baasie [bah-see], prompting her return back to her home in Johannesberg, having attained the emotional freedom she lacked after her Communist parents Cathy and Lionel's death in jail. FTP, name this novel about Rosa's quest to find an identity separate from her parents, written by Nadine Gordimer.;;Burger's Daughter
;;He was recalled as minister to France for seeking to aid Louis XVI in fleeing the country, though he was the only diplomat to remain in Paris during the Reign of Terror and wrote a Diary of it. The subject of a biography by Teddy Roosevelt, he pushed for the formation of a northern confederacy as an opponent of the War of 1812, and he was chief assistant to the Superintendent of Finance in the Confederation. While serving in the Provincial Congress, he fought to include a provision for religious toleration in the New York constitution, and he served as chairman of the commission to construct the Erie Canal. He gave more speeches than anyone else at the Constitutional Convention, and as a member of the Committee of Style, he was responsible for the final wording of the Constitution. FTP, name this founding father who created the United States' decimal coinage system.;;(Gouverneur) Morris
;;An offering to mollify this figure was made everyday by Vasuki, who hides from him in a cave and is so afraid that he drops Vala's bile. He is the ruler of the Suparnas and, in the Ramayana, he is depicted as the grandchild of Cyena and Cyene, and his sister Sumati gave birth to a giant gourd. He is the father of Sapati and a figure who attacks the Pushpaka of the demon Ravana, named Jatayu. Krishna promised Kaliya that this figure would not hurt him, and he damaged Indra's thunderbolt vajra in battle. Known for spitting emeralds, he stole soma to save his mother Vinata from the Nagas. FTP, name this bird god that serves as the mount of Vishnu.;;Garuda
;;The tenth chapter of this book describes a great serpent, a black python, who has refused to eat four live sparrows and sits withered in its silver-wire basket when its owner pulls back the purple curtains, after which advice is sought from Schahabarim. The main villain's heart is sacrificed to Moloch, and Spendius cuts a hole in a key structure, causing a "cataract to fall from the sky onto the plain." In another part, the Temple of Tanit is raided, and a sacred veil, the zaimph is stolen, only to be recovered by the title character through seduction. The cavalry of Narr'havas joins the title character's side as Matho leads the barbarians against Hamilcar in, FTP, what novel about the title Carthaginian priestess, a work by Gustave Flaubert.;;Salammbo
;;Near its north pole are the Gharib and Sindbad craters and the Samarkand sulci. Its south pole has the Camphor, Alexandria, Cairo, Baghdad, and Damascus sulci, which are colloquially known as "tiger stripes" and have intense geyser activity that it is though to give rise to the E ring. It is locked in a 1:2 resonance with Dione, and its orbit lies between those of Mimas and Tethys. Like Europa, it likely has a large layer of subsurface water, and like Io its interior is be kept warm by tidal forces from its host planet. It and Triton display the only known examples of active cryovolcanism, and a recent Cassini flyby found traces of organic compounds erupting from its surface. It has the highest albedo of any object in the solar system because its surface is covered in fine-grained ice. For ten points, name this icy moon of Saturn.;;Enceladus
;;This man composed the minute-long piano fragment Un Pensiero a San Francisco during his ill-fated American tour, and he wrote the score for the Nino Oxilia film Rapsodia Satanica. He composed the first Italian example of Literaturoper, Gugliemo Ratcliff, which was based on a translation of Heine, and his Le Mashere was inspired by the commedia dell arte. The title laundry girl is placed in a bordello in this man's Japanese inflenced Iris, and the "Cherry Duet" can be found in his L'Amico Fritz. "Voi Lo Sapete, O Mamma" is an arioso sung by Santuzza in another opera by this man that also features the characters Lola, Alfio, and Turiddu. FTP, name this man who succeeded Toscanini as musical director of La Scala, the composer of Cavalleria Rusticana.;;(Pietro) Mascagni
;;Mitchell Thomashow used Rachel Carson and John Muir as models for the ecological form of this. Laszlo Garai introduced an economics based on it, and according to James Marcia, the balance between it and confusion lies with commitment. Herbert Marcuse argued that it is controlled by consumerism and technology, stifling the ego. Erving Goffman wrote some "Notes on the Management of Spoiled this" in his book Stigma and claimed that it formed through dramatic realization. Henry Tajfel and John C. Turner introduced the notions of positive distinctiveness and internalized group membership when defining a theory of its social type. In a work on this "and the Life Cycle," Erik Erikson argued that, as a teenager, it competes with role confusion, which can lead to its namesake "crisis." FTP, name this term for an individual's sense of self.;;identity
;;Substances similar to this have recently been found in Obelia and Renilla by James G. Morin and J.W. Hastings. Originally discovered by Osamu Shimomura, its structure consists of 11 beta sheets formed into a barrel, with an alpha helix in the middle.  Also in the middle of the barrel is its most important component, which has a key serine-tyrosine-glycine sequence that can change conformation, which in nature occurs upon being stimulated by the output of excited aequorin.  The enhanced version was created to change its absorption and to better match FITC sets, and now several "shifted" variants of it have been formed for use in FRET procedures.  Often introduced via viral vectors to act as a gene expression reporter, its wild type absorbs at 395 and 475 nanometers and emits light at 509 nanometers. FTP name this peptide first isolated from a jellyfish, which glows its namesake color.;;Green Fluorescent Protein
;;This thinker believed that realism, mysticism, critical rationalism, and eternal truth were the four concepts of being. He argued that error was possible only if there existed an infinite being, and said that traitors live in the "hell of the irrevocable," in his work The Philosophy of Loyalty. He defended his view on absolute truth by claiming that deniers of it automatically confirmed it, and Santayana wrote about William James and this man in his Character and Opinion in the United States. "Nature, Man, and the Moral Order" was a volume of this man's The World and the Individual, and he also wrote Studies of Good and Evil. FTP, name this American idealist, the author of The Problem of Christianity and The Religious Aspect of Philosophy.;;(Josiah) Royce
;;Michael Marrus applied this work's ideas to the historiography of the Holocaust, and its author was characterized as the "Magus of the North" by George Watson. Its author traced the influence of a man he termed the "Voltaire of reaction," Joseph de Maistre, upon the central figure of this work. Its author outlines the paradox of the "pyramid of authority," in which more powerful men have a diminished effect upon the ordinary people at the base, and he expanded upon this work in The Proper Study of Mankind.  Bearing a title derived from a work of Archilochus, this work mentions Dante, Ibsen, and Proust, as well as Balzac, Joyce, and Pushkin, as examples of the two titular types. FTP, name this critical "essay on Tolstoy's view of history," a work by Isaiah Berlin which classifies the worldview of people as representing two different animals.;;(The) Hedgehog and the Fox(:) (An) (Essay) (on) (Tolstoy's) (View) (of) (History)
;;This figure received his sword, Rhindon, during his first quest, and his reputation for prowess in battle stemmed from his victory in the Ettinsmoor War, in which he defeated a group of giants. His defeat of Maugrim was a key victory in the Battle of Beruna Ford, and Glozelle killed his opponent Miraz following a duel this man fought thirteen hundred years later. He was recognized as a ruler by Tirian, who met this man after he died at the age of twenty-two in a railway accident. He had disappeared from his kingdom, along with his sisters and younger brother, while hunting the White Stag, when they inadvertently returned to England. FTP, name this eldest Pevensey sibling, the High King of Narnia.;;(High) (King) Peter (Pevensey)
;;An early draft of this work featured a description of the "jawbone"-like white scar of Henry Lee Higginson. One of the sketches that became this poem was entitled "One Gallant Rush", and, in an article on the writing of this poem, its author described as "Tahitian" the snow-shovels and fish mentioned in it. On Boylston Street, the narrator sees an ad for a Mosler safe, described as the "Rock of Ages" for surviving the bombing of Hiroshima. The narrator recalls when his "nose crawled like a snail on the glass" of a building that now "stands in a Sahara of snow," that building being the old South Boston Aquarium. FTP, name this poem by Robert Lowell which discusses Robert Gould Shaw's Civil War regiment.;;For the Union Dead
;;In a review of one of this man's films entitled The Organ and the Vacuum Cleaner, Serge Daney described his use of high, low, and trivial sound. He collaborated on a script about the Sisters of Bethany with Jean Girardoux, and he refused to use Claude Laydu in any further films after casting him as a cancer-ridden cleric from Ambricourt. Tolstoy's short story "The Forged Coupon" inspired this man's last film, in which the innocent oilman Yvon becomes an axe murderer after being wronged in a pawnshop. In one of his films, Mozart's Mass in C minor plays while a group of men empty buckets into a latrine; Louis Malle assisted him in the production of that film, whose main character was Fontaine, a Resistance fighter captured by the Nazis. FTP, name this Frenchman who directed A Man Escaped as well as L'Argent and Diary of a Country Priest.;;(Robert) Bresson
;;One of the defenders of this movement wrote Telemachus and Dialogues of the Dead as moral instruction for a royal heir, while another advanced the cause for sainthood of Jeronimo Simon. Juan Falconi was an early supporter of this belief system, which was criticized by Paolo Segneri. The author of Dux Spiritualis was its prime defender within the Catholic Church, while another of its defenders publicly fought with Bossuet after publishing his Maxims of the Saints. This sect gained a foothold in the French court when Bishop Fenelon's spiritual directee Mme. Guyot converted Mme. de Maintenon to this heresy. Championed by Miguel Molinos, FTP, name this mystic Christian philosophy which advocated passive contemplation of God.;;quietism
;;In one of this man's stories, a recently married sculptor becomes obsessed with a gift his friend sends him, and his wife Suzette must smash this gift, a Chinese doll, to save her marriage to Recaredo. In addition to "The Death of the Empress of China," he wrote a work inspired by Leconte de Lisle's "Le reve du jaguar" entitled "Estival," which appeared in his earliest collection. Poems and short stories such as "Balthazar's Marvelous Afternoon" and "El Rey Burgues" were also contained in that collection, and this man, dubbed the "boy poet" for his childhood verse, collected other poems in Songs of Life and Hope. In one poem, he refers to a title figure as a "professor of Energy" and an "Alexander-Nebuchadnezzar." The author of the collection Azul and the ode "To Roosevelt," FTP, name this journalist and poet from Nicaragua who championed modernismo.;;(Ruben) Dario|(Felix) (Ruben) (Garcia) Sarmiento
;;The death of this man was written about in a 1999 book by Amy Knight. Born in the town of Urzhum in Vyatka Province, which was later renamed for him, he became a Bolshevik organizer in both Tomsk and Vladikavkaz before helping to lead the conquest of the Caucasus in the Russian Civil War. In 1926, he replaced Grigorii Zinoviev as the Communist party boss of Leningrad, and was in turn succeeded by Andrei Zhdanov in late 1934, soon after which Leonid Nikolaev shot and killed him on December 1. FTP, name this man after whom Leningrad's Marinskii Ballet was renamed, whose assassination helped accelerate the Soviet Union's movement toward the Great Purges.;;(Sergei) (Mironovich) Kirov
;;The namesake seas of this material were the predominate form of seawater chemistry during the late Mesozoic, and are favored in times of lower magnesium concentration.  It has two metastable polymorphs, vaterite and aragonite, which have dihexagonal dipyramidal and orthorhombic structures, respectively, in contrast to the trigonal rhombohedral crystals of this mineral. The standard for the Mohs hardness of 3, examples of it with exceptional transparency are given the name "Iceland spar."  Such crystals are notable for displaying strong birefringence. The primary constituent of limestone and marble, for ten points, name this mineral composed of calcium carbonate.;;calcite
;;The anonymously published 'Gyffard' is a rare example of a full polyphonic setting of this piece using faburdon, and the chorus in Stravinsky's televised opera The Flood sings parts of its text. Berlioz described as "Ninivetish" and "Babylonian" the climax of the Judex crederis in his setting of this piece. One by Handel closely copies a setting by Urio and features a trumpet fanfare following the chorus "We believe that thou shalt come to be our judge." Bruckner's setting of this piece was written between his seventh and eighth symphonies, and Lully fatally injured himself while conducting this piece, whose text is traditionally attributed to a prayer of St. Ambrose. FTP, name this common text, a hymn often sung in celebration, which begins "We praise thee, O God".;;Te Deum
;;This social scientist discusses "economics of flexibility" in his "The Role of Somatic Change in Evolution" and talks of "economics of consciousness" in his paper "Style, Grace and Information in Primitive Art." His work on the behavior of sea otters and porpoises led to a book co-written with Jurgen Ruesch, 1951's Communication: The Social Matrix of Psychiatry. He discussed the kinship system of the latmul people and analyzed the place of the title ritual in relations between the wau, or mother's brother, and laua, or sister's child, in his 1936 book Naven, which was based on the time he spent in New Guinea. He also worked with Jackson, Haley, and Weakland to develop the double-bind theory of schizophrenia, and summarized his diverse life work in the 1972 collection Steps to an Ecology of Mind. Also the co-author of Balinese Character, FTP, name this anthropologist, cyberneticist, and psychologist, best known as the husband of Margaret Mead.;;(Gregory) Bateson
;;In a book on "Europe and" this modern country, Daniel Hall cited Godfrey Harvey's landmark history of it. A pirate kingdom was founded here by Philip de Brito centered at its city of Syriam. Following his attempts to start a bank and a railroad in this country, Consul Frederic Haas was recalled back to France.  During a war in this nation, a force led by Grant and Campbell destroyed a stockade at Kemmendine, and the king of Ava signed a treaty with England, after the defeat of the Mon kingdom here with its capital at Pegu. This nation was the site of the 8888 uprising in 1988, during which a speech was given at Shwedagon Pavilion which resulted in its speaker being placed under house arrest. FTP, name this Asian country, the home of Aung San and Aung San Suu Kyi.;;Burma|Myanmar
;;Hope and Lightbown attempted to develop a chronology for this work, which was the subject of a book by Andrew Martindale. Sharing its name with a work on a similar theme by Jacopo Argentoratensis, this work was painted after its artist's Camera Dipinta. In one part of it, the artist replaced a mocking buffoon with a nursing mother guarded by a giant, and several early sketches for it differently portray the doors of the temple of Janus. Originally painted for Ludovico Sforza, this work's tenth, unpainted panel was to have featured a group of Senators, and its existing panels feature corselet bearers, elephants, and captives, as well as a chariot carrying the title figure. Displayed in the orangery of Hampton Court Palace, FTP, name this set of nine canvases by Andrea Mantegna which depict the successes of a Roman leader.;;Triumphs of (Julius) Caesar|Triumph of (Julius) Caesar|Trionfo di (Giulio) Cesare
;;(the swan princess is Derbhforgall = "daughter of Forgall", as is Emer)  This figure eats only cheese and biscuits after arriving late to a celebratory dinner at La Prima Donna in Caryl Churchill's Top Girls. Arguments about the Chinese fashion of making tea and the presence of Mr. Granby eventually part the Bolingbrokes in a novel about a "modern" one. A play about this figure contained a poem entitled "Golden Showers" by Thomas Dekker, and a more famous account of this woman declares her to be the daughter of the peasant Janicula. That work is followed by an "envoy" in which women are urged not to follow her example lest Chichevache swallow them up. A humiliating procession in a smock and the loss of her two children are some of the trials imposed upon her by her husband, the marquis of Saluzzo. FTP, name this patient wife of Walter, who appears in the Clerk's Tale.;;Griselda
;;This ruler's right-hand men included intelligence chief Pastor Coronel and minister of the interior Edgar Ynsfran, whom he later dismissed. He was opposed by a coup of Mendez Fleitas, the president of the Central Bank, whose supporters were dubbed epafanistas, and also by the Renovation Movement and the Febreristas, who had also fought against the earlier government of his mentor Higinio Moringo. Just like Charles Meigs, this ruler spent a formative part of his life in the trunk of a car - he was captured in a coup and taken to a foreign embassy, which led him to be known as "Colonel Trunk." After taking power, he proclaimed a constitutional "state of siege" and renewed it every three months. Ousted in a coup led by Andres Rodrigues, FTP, name this man who came to power by overthrowing Federico Chavez in 1954, and was the head of the Colorado Party until 1989, the whole time serving as dictator of Paraguay.;;(Alfredo) Stroessner (Mattiauda)
;;Both the Eotvos rule and Guggenheim-Katayama equation describe the relationship between this quantity and temperature, and it can be calculated experimentally in methods named for du Nouy or Wilhelmy.  The Marangoni effect deals with gradients of this quantity, which explains the Plateau-Rayleigh instability.  The partial derivative of it with respect to the log of concentration appears on the right side of the Gibbs isotherm equation, and pressure is related to it and to curvature in the Young-Laplace equation, which is used in medicine to model alveoli.  FTP name this quantity symbolized by a lowercase gamma that is lessened by surfactants and explains capillary action, caused by intermolecular forces in a liquid at an interface.;;surface tension
;;This composer's Opus 78 is his Concierto fantastico, which consists of three movements of allegro ma non troppo, reverie e scherzo, and allegro. A dubious story says that he was a stowaway on a ship bound for South America, and later he composed for the librettos of Francis Money-Coutts, which resulted in works like the three-act opera Merlin. Another work of his was transcribed for three guitars by Christophe Dejour and includes sections depicting a polo match one in which a saeta interrupts the march depicting the procession of Corpus Christi. That work is a set of 12 piano pieces subtitled "Impressions," in four volumes, which begins with "Evocacion." FTP, name this Spanish piano virtuoso who composed Iberia.;;(Isaac) Albeniz
;;At one point, the main character of this work asks to borrow the costume of Telephus along with his Mysian hat, a staff, basket, cup, and some herbs, and he assumes the guise of a beggar to make a speech. Earlier, he is brought to see Psuedartabas, referred to as the King's Eye, who tells him that the Great King will send no gold. At the end, he parades off with two women in hand after winning the Feast of Cups, a drinking contest; his joy is contrasted with the general Lamachus who always brandishes his Gorgon's head and ends up getting wounded jumping over a ditch. That protagonist is earlier chased by a chorus of charcoal burners who attempt to stone him, as they are furious that he helped Amphitheus by traveling to make a private peace of 30 years with Sparta. FTP, name this play about the farmer Dicaeopolis who is opposed in his quest for peace by the title residents, a play by Aristophanes.;;(The) Acharnians
;;This man originated the use of the term "stimulus-error" to describe observers who pay undue attention to physical properties of objects, and he argued in favor of four attributes: quality, intensity, duration, and clarity. Although he notoriously excluded women from the group he founded, several of his students were women including the author of The Animal Mind, Margaret Floy Washburn, and Joy Paul Guilford. In his book A Beginner's Psychology, he argues that perceptions resolve into sensations which compose a "core," but meaning is generated by context. A biography of him was written by his more famous student E.G. Boring, and this author of A Primer of Psychology gained fame for bringing the thought of another psychologist to America. FTP, name this structuralist pioneer of experimental psychology who was a student of Wilhelm Wundt.;;(Edward) (Bradford) Titchener
;;The first part of this work ends by discussing an article by William Kneale entitled "Modality, De Dicto and De Re," which the author uses to show a violation of the noncircularity condition. At another point, the author invents two heavenly bodies called Hesperus and Phosphorus and supposes that a table may be made of ice from the Thames River. He also cites an article by Timothy Sprigge on essential properties, though he would retract that reference in his later essay "A Puzzle about Belief." A central argument in this work is that the identity between "mental state" and "brain state" cannot be contingent - which means that it need not be proven empirically - because both of those terms are rigid designators - that is, they refer to the same entity in every possible world. Consisting of three lectures given at Princeton in 1970, FTP, name this most famous philosophical work by Saul Kripke.;;Naming and Necessity
;;One source holds that this deity originated as a local god of Rhakotis, springing from the rocks and healing the sick there. He is often depicted as a robed man with full beard and flowing locks wearing a tall corn modius or basket upon his head, though he occasionally has curved ram horns or appears as a bearded serpent with his consort. He appears enthroned with the three-headed Cerberus at his feet at his cult center, a namesake temple in Alexandria, which was destroyed on the orders of Theodosius in 389 CE. FTP, name this syncretic deity introduced under Ptolemy I who combines elements of Helios and Zeus, and whose name represents a fusion of the bull Apis with Osiris.;;Serapis
;;This document resulted from an event sometimes known as the "protest of the Five Knights." An argument against its passage was put forth by Robert Heath and was nearly successful, until it was pointed out that Darnell's Case was only a temporary judgment; Heath was opposed by the Lords Sele and Say. An addition to it was suggested by Thomas Weston and the Earl of Arundel, but that compromise version was rejected, as was the version of Thomas Wentworth, which was spoken against by John Eliot. Largely targeted at George Villiers, the Duke of Buckingham, some of its provisions forbade the quartering of soldiers and martial law in time of peace, and it was drafted by Edward Coke. FTP, name this document which also decried taxation and unjust imprisonment, a 1628 statement of civil liberties in opposition to King Charles I.;;Petition of Right
;;This experiment featured an emitting iron-57 nucleus that was placed in a crystal lattice in order to counteract the Mossbauer Effect. That iron sample was placed in a speaker, and the speaker was oscillated with a frequency between 10Hz and 50Hz. The effect in question competes with a Doppler Shift due to Special Relativity, so the experimenters sought to find the point at which the effects cancelled. Performed at Harvard's Jefferson Laboratory, this experiment placed the source near the top of a tower and a scintillation counter near the bottom. For ten points, identify this classic doubly-eponymous test of the gravitational redshift.;;Pound(-)Rebka (Experiment)
;;Chapter three of this work contains the section "Hobbes and the Problem of Social Order," a critique of the brutish Hobbesian state. The introduction begins by saying that Herbert Spencer "was the intimate confidant of a strange and rather unsatisfactory God, whom he called the principle of Evolution," a God which betrayed him - the problem lies in figuring out who killed Spencer. Chapter four is a reprint of the author's essay "Wants and Activities and the Problem of the Scope of Economics" - it is on Alfred Marshall, while the next six chapters discuss Vilfredo Pareto and Emile Durkheim. Published in 1937 as its author's first major work, this study sets out to identify the possible modes of normative orientation for the title idea "with special reference to a group of recent European writers," as its subtitle indicates. FTP, name this functionalist classic of sociology, the best-known book by Talcott Parsons.;;Structure of Social Action
;;In one work by this poet, he addresses his subject: "You like not that French novel? Tell me why. You think it quite unnatural. Let us see," and then he proceeds to detail the typical plot of a French novel. Another poem describes a creature who "rises and begins to round, he drops the silver chain of sound, of many links without a break." In addition to poems like "Lucifer in Starlight" and the aforementioned "Lark Ascending," this writer used the myth of Persephone for "The Day of the Daughter of Hades" and "Love in the Valley." His best-known poetic work opens "By this he knew she wept with waking eyes," and was published with his Poems of the English Roadside - at several points, this work refers to the painter Henry Wallis, who carried on an adulterous relationship with Mary Ellen Peacock, this author's wife. FTP, name this author of a collection of fifty sonnets, Modern Love, and a few novels like The Egoist.;;(George) Meredith
;;This painting was the inspiration for Frank Budgen's analysis of Joyce's "Nausicaa" episode, and was the fourth in a series also containing "Chelsea" and "Old Battersea Bridge." It depicts the Cremorne Gardens, but its artist chose not to title it "View of Cremorne" because he said that title would cause "disappointment on the part of the beholders." The only human in the painting is a small girl at the bottom, sitting on the shore with her back to the viewer. It was first exhibited at the Grosvenor Gallery along with the work of Edward-Burne Jones, and after it was described as "flinging a pot of paint in the public's face," its artist sued the critic John Ruskin. FTP, name this 1872 American Impressionist work, a James Whistler painting depicting fireworks and subtitled "The Falling Rocket.".;;Nocturne in Black and Gold(:) (The) (Falling) (Rocket)
;;This is initially described as a place where one might be able to touch the "flesh of the sun's flesh," and on the way here, one character mistakes a stump for a snake. Upon seeing this site, another character arrives at the realization that "Everything exists, nothing has value." Time spent here triggers a comment to Miss Derek which is overheard by a servant serving vermouths. One character was delayed in his journey here because he miscalculates the time necessary to say his prayers and misses a train - that man is Professor Godbole, who is late along with Cecil Fielding. Described as identical circular chambers twenty feet in diameter with polished sides which absorb all sound, Adela Quested is notably not raped by Dr. Aziz while she is here. FTP, name these structures in E.M. Forster's A Passage to India.;;Marabar (caves)|(hills)
;;A French version of this song was composed by Joe Dassin, and it was covered by Joshua James as the last track on his 1999 album Tanked Up and Derailed. Perhaps inspired by the Dayton County prosecutor in the Scopes Monkey Trial, the fourth stanza of this work establishes the setting as "Gatlinburg in mid-July." The narrator remarks "I've fought tougher men, but I really can't remember when," as the man in question "kicked like a mule and bit like a crocodile." A sequel to this song from the opposite point of view was later composed by its writer Shel Silverstein. Originally performed live at San Quentin State Prison, FTP, name this song by Johnny Cash about the plight of a young lad with an unfortunate moniker.;;(A) Boy Named Sue
;;A version of this belief gained popularity in Gaul until the Second Council of Orange declared against it, rejecting the beliefs of John Cassian. One of its leaders, Julian of Eclanum, took refuge with Theodore of Mopsuestia after he who refused to sign a document which excommunicated some of its formulators. He later met another of its leaders, a Roman lawyer named Celestius, whose six theses were found heretical by Paulinus of Milan. Its main leader was likely born in Britain, as evidenced by his cognomen, and wrote a commentary on the epistles of St. Paul; he argued that men possessed sufficient will to distinguish between good and evil without divine assistance. FTP, name this heresy which held that Adam's actions had no lasting impact on the human race, a rebuttal of the idea of Original Sin.;;Pelagianism
;;A harmonic dynamic describing these entities was first solved by Jack Wisdom in 1981, fleshing out their namesake's original explanation in the 1860s. It is predicted that the Yarkovsky effect could cause bodies to leak into these, which would then be sent into high-eccentricity orbits, possibly entering the inner solar system. The Alinda and Griqua groups are located in them, at the 3 to 1 and 2 to 1 ratios, respectively. They are also located at 5 to 2, 7 to 3, and 4 to 1 ratios, corresponding to orbital resonances with Jupiter. FTP, identify these sparsely-populated regions of the Asteroid Belt.;;(Answer(:)) Kirkwood gaps
;;One character in this play takes a lover known as her Thursday Man, since he visits her every Thursday.  Another character rejects the name "Shango," despite the argument that "no ones gonna hire you if they cant say yr name," and says he prefers masturbation because he can't afford a sexual relationship. He does attempt to woo Grace, who attends cosmetology school, but he later kills her and sleeps with Cookie, the estranged wife of the other character. Sharing elements with its author's previous work The America Play, one character practices his three-card monte act and gains an edge when he changes his winning card to the deuce of spades, while the other is repeatedly assassinated with a cap gun. FTP, name this play by Suzan-Lori Parks which won the Pulitzer in 2002, in which the black brothers Lincoln and Booth are the title characters.;;Topdog/Underdog
;;One figure by this name is succeeded by his son Draco after he comes to marry the young maiden Orberosia, who concocts a clever plan to make him the richest and most powerful of the Penguins by securing tribute in Anatole France's Penguin Island. A novel titled after this figure follows radio journalists Mike and Phyllis Watson as they report upon an alien invasion initiated by fireballs from the sky - that 1953 novel by John Wyndham refers to this figure waking. A poem about this figure describes his "ancient, dreamless, uninvaded sleep" and ends by declaring "then once by man and angels to be seen, in roaring he shall rise and on the surface die." That 15-line sonnet was first published in the Poems, Chiefly Lyrical of 1830. FTP, name this creature written about by Tennyson, a fiend of the water and a legendary Norwegian sea monster.;;Kraken
;;This kind of molecule is detected by the CIDNP effect in NMR spectroscopy, and examples of them include the nitroso component of Fremy's salt and TEMPO.  They take part in reactions like NMP, ATRP, and RAFT, or reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer.  One of these based on naphthalene shows up as five quintets in ESR spectroscopy, which is especially suited to their study.  The most prominent biological one is counteracted by its namesake dismutase, superoxide, and the anti-Markovnikov addition of HBr to an alkene can occur via one of these.  Other reactions involving them tend to consist of initiation, propagation, and termination. FTP, name these highly reactive molecules characterized by an unpaired electron in their outer shell.;;(free) radicals
;;In this work, the author quotes George Stigler in saying that "in a regime of ignorance Enrico Fermi would have been a gardener" and he states that those who excel in inner city schools benefit the whole group, in a section on the employment of minorities. The author cites a Kenneth Arrow paper dealing with moral hazard to raise the example of the elderly buying health insurance, saying that as health insurance rises, the medical health of those insured deteriorates. This work goes on to talk about the costs of dishonesty and illustrates information asymmetry by citing those who mix rice with stones at the local bazaar. Subtitled "Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism," FTP, name this 1970 paper in which the used car industry is an example of the title phenomenon, written by George Akerlof.;;(A) Market for Lemons
;;The works of this writer include a comedy modeled after Peer Gynt, Michel Michael, and a pantomime entitled Lucifer. A close friend or the writer Detlev von Liliencron, who heavily influenced his naturalism, his verse collections include The Transformations of Venus and Beautiful, Wild World, which shows his devotion to Nietzsche. Some fantasies on poems by him were composed by Alexander von Zemlinsky, but it was his volume Woman and World that produced his most famous work. That work begins as two figures pass through a bare cold grove accompanied by the moon. The female declares "I am carrying a child and not yours," but she is forgiven and the two walk off together. FTP, name this German poet who inspired many composers, including Arnold Schoenberg in his "Transfigured Night.".;;(Richard) Dehmel
;;Comedy ensues in this novel after Mr. Dubois drops another character into a large mudhole, causing her great indignity, and the protagonist is later mortified after that character's nephew, the silversmith Mr. Branghton, loudly impugns the opera.  An insulting letter leads the protagonist to travel to Bristol Hot Wells with Mrs. Selwyn, where she is accosted by the suicidal Scottish poet Mr. Macartney.  Other characters include the fop Sir Clement Willoughby, who plots to steal a wig from the previously-mudded Mrs. Duval.  After being switched at birth with the daughter of a poor but wily nurse the title character is disavowed by her natural father, Sir John Belmont, and spends much of her childhood at Berry Hill in the company of her guardian, Mr. Arthur Villars. Ending with the protagonist's marriage to Lord Orville, this is, FTP, what epistolary novel by Fanny Burney?.;;Evelina
;;This composer's many religious works included the Kleine geistliche Knozerte, or Little Sacred Concertos, while the Musikalische Exequien served as funeral music for his close friend Prince Heinrich Posthumus von Reuss. A student under Giovanni Gabrieli, his better-known compositions include Psalmen Davids, written after a trip to Italy where he befriended Claudio Monteverdi, and a series of baroque collections for chorus and orchestra, the Symphoniae sacrae, as well as the oratorio Die sieben Worte. His best-known work was performed for the wedding of Sophia Eleonora, the daughter of the Elector, as he served as the court composer in Dresden for over fifty years. That work was set to a text of Martin Opitz and is no longer extant, but was likely based upon Ovid. FTP, identify this 17th century composer of what is considered to be the first German opera, Dafne.;;(Heinrich) Schutz
;;The protagonist's mother contemplates a trip to Ireland in this play's third act, in which it is revealed that her son once attempted to kill his father in Mexico by challenging him to a drunken race to the border.  Important images in this play include a "fire in the snow" and an American flag eventually used to bridle the protagonist like a horse.  The protagonist is imprisoned in his room after Lorraine steals his paints, while his brother Frankie is held captive after Baylor mistakes him for a deer and shoots him.  The scenes in Act 1 of this play alternate between the protagonist and his hospitalized wife, whose brain was damaged after the protagonist beat her in a jealous rage.  Set both in Southern California and Montana, this is, FTP, what play about Beth's and Jake's descent into insanity by Sam Shepard?.;;(A) Lie of the Mind
;;In one work, this man describes how his people have never needed "a Cavour" to lead a revolution, and that in the relatively stable modern world "a Louis Philippe" is far better than "a Napoleon". His greatest fortune was marrying the eldest daughter of the wealthy James Wilson, who hired him to his most famous post in 1860. He applied social Darwinism to the relationship between natural science and social science in Physics and Politics, and analyzed his nation's banking system in a work entitled Lombard Street. His most important work divided the title thing into a symbolic "Dignified" component and a pragmatic "Efficient" component, while strongly criticizing the wasteful aspects of the constitutional monarchy, like the House of Lords.  FTP, identify this late-19th century author of The English Constitution, who was a longtime editor of the Economist.;;(Walter) Bagehot
;;Important symbols presented in this poem include robbers and eagles, the robbers descending "on us to strip us of our laughter, of our thunder" and the eagles "taking our concubines."  The author speaks of a place beyond "the blare of sirened afternoonsthe motorcadesthe elephant's legendary patience" and asks us to look "through our curtained eyeballs, though our shuttered sleep,/Onto our forgotten selves," declaring, "The Glimpse of a dream lies smouldering in a cave, together with mortally wounded birds."  In an exhortation to be heard the speaker cries, "Earth, unbind me; let me be the prodigal; let this be the ram's ultimate prayer to the tether," foreshadowing the disintegration of his homeland.  Written as the author's "last testament" shortly before he was killed by the Nigerian military, this is, FTP, what final poem of Christopher Okigbo?.;;Elegy for Alto
;;One character in this novel sedates himself as a prelude to suicide during a conversation with Mr. Rawdon-Smith, his nephew's tutor.  Part of the novel is set on the Black Swan, where the protagonist meets a character who eventually claims to be engaged to Bella Iggins, while part I, "Ancestry," focuses on the protagonist's grandfather Nathaniel, who refuses to ride in carriages.  As a child the protagonist is raised by his German governess, Irma Schlote, who later in the novel is horrified when he volunteers to drive an Ambulance for the French in World War I.  After being rejected by Rose, sister of his friend Jim Darnley, he returns to war only to be killed in a post-armistice motorcycle accident.  Centering around the unselfishly dutiful Oliver Alden, this is, FTP, what "Memoir in the Form of a Novel" by George Santayana?.;;(The) Last Puritan
;;One person by this name requested Emperor Honorius to call Emperor Arcadius to a Synod in Thessalonica, and held power when Alaric I laid siege on Rome. Another person by this name was the first Dominican to hold his office, and also gave a funeral eulogy on St. Bonaventure at the Second Council of Lyon. Yet another pope by this name issued the bull Summis Desiderantes which targeted witchcraft, and threatened to excommunicate those who read the theses of Pico della Mirandola in Rome. One more pope by this name took Olimpia Maldachini as his mistress, and issued a bull in opposition to the peace of Westphalia. FTP, identify this shared papal name, the most famous of whom summoned the Fourth Lateran Council and launched the Albigensian Crusade and Fourth Crusade.;;Innocent
;;Johannes Voorhout's painting of this man is entitled Domestic Music Scene, and Pachelbel's Hexachordon Apollinis was dedicated to him. His compositions include 32 variations of his harpsichord aria La Capricciosa, a pair of cantatas called Mit Fried und Freud, and a trio of Variations on an Aria by Lully. His Swedish contemporary Gustav Duben collected many of his surviving works, and was the dedicatee of his setting of Arnulf of Louvain's Salve mundi salutari, a set of seven compositions addressed to parts of Christ's body. Also the creator of the Abendmusik organ concerts at the Marienkirche, FTP, identify this man who composed the cantata cycles Was frag ich nach der Welt and Membra Jesu Nostri, a Danish composer of the Baroque era who inspired a famous walk to Lubeck on the part of J.S. Bach just to see him.;;(Dietrich) Buxtehude
;;An organic halide reacts with an organic group bound to this element in the Negishi coupling, and a thioester reacts with an organic group bound to a halide and to this element in the Fukuyama coupling.  Besides aluminum, indium, and tin, it can be used as a catalyst in the Barbier reaction, and beta-hydroxy esters are formed from the reaction of aldehydes and alpha-hydroxy esters in the presence of this element in the Reformatsky reaction. In the Simmons-Smith reaction, it forms a metal complex with copper, and like Grignard reagents, organic groups bound to it have a Schlenk equilibrium.  FTP name this metal that also has uses as a sacrificial anode and in galvanizing steel, which has a namesake DNA-binding finger protein and is element number 30.;;zinc
;;The speaker of this poem accuses the reader of being a "mummy, in time" after claiming that "You shift your sea-space blindly." Animals described in the poem include "gray lean spiders," a toothless "hound bitch" and a "blind crab," and its author proposed that the Narcissistic motif in this poem was broken with the line about a jaguar leaping "For his own image in a jungle pool." The first stanza mentions "splayed leaves" that "pile up, of nature the causal sacrament, / To the seasonal eternity of death," after this poem opens "Row after row with strict impunity" in describing objects that "yield their names to the element."  Exalting "Stonewall, Stonewall" before describing sunken hemp fields like Malvern Hill and Antietam, FTP, name this poem that commemorates Civil War casualties in a Southern graveyard, by Allen Tate.;;Ode to the Confederate Dead
;;This man wrote essays such as "Response Cries," "The Lecture," and "Radio Talk," which are collected in Forms of Talk. He summarized rituals as "situated social fuss" and sought to extend Durkheim's ideas in maintaining social order in his "Nature of Deference and Demeanor." Blumer criticized him for limiting his field of study to "face-to-face association" in a review of this man's Relations in Public. He discussed the way that commercials influence our conception of male and female in his Gender Advertisements, and spent time with mental patients to produce his Asylums, and he is also known for his Frame Analysis. But, he is best known for using a dramaturgical approach in a work that discussed a title action in terms of an actor performing to an audience. FTP, identify this author of The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.;;(Erving) Goffman
;;This quantity is the ratio between the mass of the electron neutrino and the mass of the muon neutrino. Andre Geim's work suggests that the most exact value of this is equal to the amount of light absorbed by graphene divide by pi. The square of this is equal to the ratio of the rest mass of the electron and the Hartree energy, and many scientists have proposed studying the 21 centimeter line of the CMB to study the change over time of this quantity. The best estimate for it was obtained by considering the magnetic moment of an electron, and the Quantum Hall Effect has also been used to calculate it's value. First proposed to account for the splitting of the spectral lines of the Hydrogen atom and famously miscalculated by Eddington, for 10 points, identify this constant approximately equal to 1 over 137.;;(Sommerfeld) fine structure (constant)
;;Irving Bacheller's The Turning of Griggsby begins with Reverend Appleton Hall recounting this man's life, and is subtitled "Keeping up with [this man]."  This man is described as "falling on thy foes / as fell the Norse god's hammer blows" in an elegy to him, which claims that "Some die too late and some too soon."  That poem, "The Lost Occasion," was a literary reconciliation with this man by a poet who earlier claimed of him, "When faith is lost, when honor dies, / The man is dead!" This subject of the John Greenleaf Whitter poem "Ichabod" is the namesake of the titular "Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County." FTP, name this man raised from the dead to defend Jabez Stone from Scratch in a Stephen Vincent Benet work about the "Devil and" him.;;(Daniel) Webster
;;On this song's release as a single, it was accompanied by the tracks "Wrecking Ball" and "The Ballad of the Tragic Hero," and its music video ends with a monkey clapping for the band. Its singer notes that "fingertips have memories" and that his "can't forget the curve of your body." Other sections of this song describe the singer's desire to "publish zines/and rage against machines" and his struggles with "paranoia paranoia," leading him to claim "everyone is coming to get me" and express the desire to go "underground with the moles." In its chorus, lead singer Sean Nelson notes that "I'm so hot 'cause I'm in hell" after claiming that "I'm not sick, but I'm not well." FTP, identify this first single off 1998's Where Have All the Merrymakers Gone?, a hit for Harvey Danger.;;Flagpole Sitta
;;One member of this class of proteins in yeasts, Ydj1, aids in translocation across cell membranes, and the TCP1 complex is one of these that contains two rings and is ATP dependent. The pro-sequence of pro-subtilisin and alpha-lytic protease are examples of these that covalently bind while performing their characteristic function, and a prominent example of one subclass of them is the GroEL/GroES complex in E. coli.  BiP and PDI aid each other as these in humans, and 60, 90, 100, and 70 are all members of a subfamily of these that respond to heat shock. Laskey first observed them when nucleoplasmin helped the formation of nucleosomes in vitro. FTP, identify these proteins, which aid in the folding of other proteins.;;chaperone (proteins)
;;One character in this work has an acute toothache for three days, which the protagonist celebrates by offering stolen nutmeg to the title figure. The protagonist compares his cousin's religious services to alien worship in the House of Rimmon and is convinced that his Houdan hen is a dashing Anabaptist. That cousin bars the protagonist's entry into a tool-shed and herself tries to discard a figure whose "thoughts were red thoughts, and his teeth were white," and  whose "enemies brought him peace, but he brought them death." The protagonist relishes buttered toast as the news of Mrs. DeRopp's death is broken to him. FTP, identify this story in which Conradin worships the titular polecat-ferret, a work written by Saki.;;Sredni Vashtar
;;This man organized a special committee to argue against the Caminetti Bill, which was eventually passed under Woodrow Wilson. His collection Letters to a Friend is composed of correspondence with his mentor Jeanne Carr and his letters were collected by William Frederic Bade. He wrote a story about a dog named Stickeen, who survives a journey across a glacier by crossing an ice bridge, based on his real life expedition to Wrangell Island, which also led to his book The Cruise of the Corwin and led him to formulate theories of glacial action which were confirmed by Louis Agassiz. He accompanied EH Hariman on another voyage to Alaska, but this man is better remembered for campaigning to stop the damming of the Hetch Hetchy valley and for books like The Mountains of California. FTP, name this Scottish-born environmentalist who founded the Sierra Club.;;(John) Muir
;;This work claims that escaping self-referential difficulties of the "Relativist" requires re-labeling epistemology and metaphysics as "cultural politics." One of the central concepts of this work is also discussed in its author's essay "Unfamiliar Noises: Hesse and Davidson on Metaphor." This work's first two chapters are titled after the "genealogy" and "deconstruction" of the concept of mind, and are contained within its first section, "Our Glassy Essence." The title object in this work describes the false notion that the mind is a faithful representation of an external reality. Expanding on the "pseudo-problems" postulated by Wittgenstein and Quine, FTP, name this most famous work by Richard Rorty.;;Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature
;;This artist uses a real rope descending from a metal apparatus to hang a man in his controversial Death, or Lynched Figure, while Cleveland is home to his steel pipe sculpture Portal and the Seattle Art Museum contains his rounded piece of granite entitled Black Sun. Interlocking slabs of pink marble compose his nine-foot tall biomorphic scupture Kouros, while children are often seen playing on his Black Slide Mantra located in a public park. An apprentice to Gutzon Borglum early in his career, he collaborated with George Nelson, Paul Laszlo, and Charles Eames on a popular furniture catalogue, and also created several "sunken gardens" and stage designs for Martha Graham. FTP, name this 20th century abstract expressionist, the son of an American writer and Japanese poet.;;(Isamu) Noguchi
;;One poem in this collection reports that "My days were strewed with flowers and happiness" and claims that "There was no month but May," while another contains four stanzas, three of which purport awareness of the ways of knowledge, honour, and pleasure, and end with "Yet I love thee." In addition to two poems called "Jordan," and two on "The Temper," one poem in this collection claims that "Affliction shall advance the flight in me," and another poem ponders "Methought I heard one calling, Childe / and I reply'd My Lorde." That poem begins "I struck the board, and cry'd, no more" and is entitled "The Collar," while other works in this collection include four poems on Affliction and "Easter Wings," the classic example of one of the author's "pattern poems."  FTP, name this collection of "Sacred Poems and Private Ejaculations," by George Herbert.;;(The) Temple
;;Extra Tossups  During the reign of one of this polity's kings, the royal cult of Zomadonou was consecrated; that king, Tegbessou, also mutilated the corpses of the Zou people he defeated. Another king, Adandozan, was overthrown by his brother Gezo, who was succeeded by his son Glele. One reform introduced by its third king was a ruling "regnum" formed by the king and the kpojito, or "wife of the leopard," a common woman. That king negotiated a tribute paid by this polity to the kingdom of Oyo and conquered such nearby states as Whydah, Alladah, and Savi. During his conquest of Savi, this kingdom's namesake "Amazons" were first deployed. FTP, identify this West African Fon kingdom which had its capital at Agbome, and which became the modern state of Benin.;;Dahomey
;;Adherents of this religion believe that the firmament was created from the skin of the seven archontes after they were flayed by the Spirit of Life. Books sacred to this belief include one which tells the story of Ogias fighting a dragon, the Book of Giants, as well as the Kephalia, Treasure of Life, and Arzhang, which made its author doubly famous as an illustrator. Its founder was allowed to spread his teachings by Shapur I, to whom he dedicated the Shabuhragan, and his followers were divided into the elect and the hearers. That founder contended that the soul was corrupted by its association with evil matter, which necessitated the release of light matter. FTP, identify this vaguely Christian dualistic Persian religion, famous adherents of which included a pre-Confessions Augustine.;;Manichaeism
;;His pioneering work on cosmic rays includes the discovery and explanation of "air showers," and he is the namesake of the world's largest cosmic ray detector. A recombination in semiconductors characterized by no emitted radiation is named for him. The effect for which he is best known was actually discovered in cloud chambers by Lise Meitner, and that effect forms the basis for his namesake electron spectroscopy, which can determine the composition of surfaces by analyzing the kinetic energies of emitted electrons.  FTP, identify this French physicist whose eponymous effect occurs when an electron falls to a lower energy level after an initial electron is emitted, causing a second electron to be ejected from an atom.;;(Pierre) (Victor) Auger
;;The propargyl group, an example of this class of compounds, takes part in the Nicholas reaction to eventually form an alkylated one of these.  In the Pauson-Khand reaction, one of these reacts with carbon monoxide and an alkene to form alpha, beta cyclo-pentenone, and the Bergman cyclization sees a di- one of these form a benzene ring.  Reacting them with mercuric sulfate forms a methyl ketone, and they can be oxidized into carboxylic acids by potassium permanganate.  They can be formed by the dehydro-halogenation of vicinal alkyl halides, and they can be selectively reduced by Lindlar's catalyst. FTP, identify this class of organic molecules characterized by a carbon-hydrogen triple bond.;;alkynes
;;The asymptotic series for these functions have different forms in different quadrants, a fact known as the Stokes Phenomenon. On the complex plane they are entire functions and on the positive real axis they can be expressed in terms of the modified Bessel functions. These functions are important to optics since they model the light from a point source as viewed by a telescope. A semi-classical derivation of quantum tunneling coefficients involves these functions, which are asymptotic to sine and exponential functions. FTP, identify these special functions named for a British astronomer, the solutions of the Stokes Differential Equation.;;Airy (Functions)
;;This man's set of essays, Sincerity and Authenticity, discusses the moral self in post-Enlightenment western civilization. In one work, he analyzes the symbolism of prisons in Charles Dickens' Little Dorrit as a metaphor for the cohesive and confining elements of culture. In his only finished novel, a young political turncoat named John Laskell angers a group of intellectuals summering in Connecticut, The Middle of the Journey. Earlier in his career, he published two studies of Matthew Arnold and E.M. Forester, and his other works include Freud and the Crisis of Our Culture and The Opposing Self. This member of the "New York intellectuals" informed the neo-conservative movement in his landmark work The Liberal Imagination. FTP, name this American literary critic who frequently contributed to the Partisan Review and the Kenyon Review.;;(Lionel) Trilling
;;It first appeared, but its ramifications were unappreciated, in Maxwell's formulation of electrodynamics in 1864. Ward-Takahashi identities are important for defining these for quantum field theories. Emmy Noether's work using the Euler-Lagrangian equations in electrodynamics was integral in establishing this general type of theory, Yang and Mills introduced a non-Abelian type of this theory, and its name comes from Herman Weyl's assumption about the change in scale accompanying the translation in space-time brought about by Einstein's theory. For 10 points, name this theoretical formalization in physics which offers that due to available symmetries and conservations in field theory, space-time transformations can be performed without the loss of descriptive validity.;;Gauge
;;The film opens with the adult Huw [Hugh] packing some books and clothes in his mother's shawl, which prompts him to recollect his lost childhood. He describes his stern father, played by Donald Crisp, and reveals how the coal slag had not begun to blacken the beauty of his village. Wage cuts by the mine owners, prompt the sons to talk of unionization and the father describes it as "socialist nonsense" and will have none of it; this eventually leads to the sons departing for America to find their fortune. Near the end of the film, Huw suffers paralysis of his frozen legs which he got from saving his mother from a fall into an icy pond. It stars Walter Pidgeon as Mr. Gruffydd and Maureen O'Hara as Angharad Morgan. Based on Richard Llewellyn's novel of the same name, FTP, give this 1941 Best Picture Winner that garnered John Ford his third Best Director Oscar.;;How Green Was My Valley
;;This work describes a number of figures who travel to Palestine, some to visit the river Jordan and others to kill some heathens in the Land of the Saracens, referred to as Serkland. In the preface, the author distinguishes two ages based on funerary rites, the Age of Burning and, after the death of a major figure, the Age of Cairns. Many of the figures described die in drunken accidents including Fjolne who drowned by slipping into a vessel of mead.  At the start of the narrative, only the god Freya is alive and thus all women of distinction are named after her. Its title, translating as "earth's circle," is taken from a passage in the first line. It ends with the reign of Magnus Erlingson in the 12th century after beginning in 850 CE with the saga of the Yngling dynasty. FTP, name this Old Norse historical narrative about the various exploits of Norwegian kings, written by Snorri Sturluson.;;Heimskringla
;;This poem recalls that "the sky gathered again and the sun grew round that very day," and "it was shining, it was Adam and maiden." The poet was "huntsman and herdsman, the calves sang to [his] horn," and he was "green and carefree, famous among the barns." Written in the same year as its poet's "In My Craft or Sullen Art," it remembers "the sun that is young once only" and notes that "nothing I cared, in the lamb white days" and "time held me green and dying though I sang in my chains like the sea." Describing a summer farm rented by the poet's aunt, FTP, name this poem which begins "now as I was young and easy under the apple boughs about the lilting house," written by Dylan Thomas.;;Fern Hill
;;The losing side in this battle was armed with 18-foot pikes instead of their usual schiltrom spears and the brief training by the Comte d'Aussi was inadequate. In addition, the opposing side outflanked the attacking army by crossing the River Twill at Twizel Bridge, nullifying the superior position of their artillery. Its immediate pretext was the murder of the warden Robert Kerr by John Heron, though it was really a consequence of the alliances drawn up due to the continental War of the League of Cambrai. The English troops were commanded by Thomas Howard, the Earl of Surrey and his opponents included the Earls of Home and Huntley, who led a famous charge. FTP, name this 1513 battle where King James IV was killed, the largest battle ever fought between England and Scotland.;;(Battle) (of) Flodden (Field)
;;One character in this work attempts to be nice to a boy she calls a gypsy, noting that she raised him as her own after finding him in the streets of Budapest. Later, she beats him with a belt and banishes him from the house, and when he returns to find the doors locked, he tries to find the keys in the trunk before waking her up. A reference to her daughter Doodley's locket causes Mrs. Nolan to sit up, only to be contained by the Gobineaus, who still don't believe that their son Mickey's laugh was the same voice as that which sang "Mother, Mother, Where Are You." The same inability to believe colors the judgment of the drunken Baba who, after shooting Toby, asks "was it you?" and sings "I've Killed the Ghost." Monica sings "O Black Swan" to calm down her mother, who claims her throat was clutched, and later she flirts with the deaf Toby by dancing "Monica's Waltz." FTP, name this opera which features Madame Flora in a trance, a work by Gian Carlo Menotti about seances.;;(The) Medium
;;After one character in this play beseeches "life, world, heavens, hell, night, and day" to "see, search, show, send, some man, some mean, that way," he receives a letter that was found by the hangman on a prisoner who was awaiting the arrival of a box that turned out to be empty. Bazulto's visit shames the protagonist, who ends up biting his own tongue after he performs the deed, and asks for a knife to sharpen a pen, but uses it to stab himself instead. The role that Serberine and Pedringano play in the death of a character is revealed to Don Andrea's ghost, who is allowed to return to seek closure when sanctioned by Persephone. During the performance of Solyman and Perseda, Lorenzo and Balthazar are killed in their roles by Bel-imperia and her accomplice, a mad marshal in charge of court entertainment. FTP, name this play about the vengeance taken by Hieronimo for his son's death, a work of Thomas Kyd.;;(The) Spanish Tragedy
;;The Walter Benjamin essay subtitled "the last snapshot of the European Intelligentsia" is a critique of this novel. "Boulevard Magenta, outside the Sphinx Hotel" and "The Humanite Bookshop" are among the photographs by Jacques-Andre Boffard that appear in this work, along with an anonymous photograph of a bronzed glove. The title character's name is taken from a patient who suffered from body dysmorphic disorder and had gone to see the psychoanalyst Pierre Janet, a man who had treated the author's friend Raymond Roussel. The main character is literally the author himself, and he mentions his previous works like Les pas perdu and his friends Louis Aragon and Andre Derain, as he embarks on a 10-day liaison with the title mysterious woman. FTP, name this surrealist novel by Andre Breton.;;Nadja
;;This man briefly lived in a marijuana-growing commune run by Mike and Jan, until the undercover cop Eddie busted the operation. When his science teacher, Gellert, shows him a brochure for the Mittelos Laboratories summer Camp, he yells "don't tell me what I can't do!," a sentiment he often repeats later. He once joined an anger management group where he met his most serious girlfriend, Helen, who refused this man's marriage proposal because of his obsession with his father. During this man's rehabilitation, he met Mr. Abaddon, who suggested that he go on an Australian walkabout, an event that would lead to his miraculous recovery from a crippling spinal injury. FTP, name this bald former cripple from the television show Lost, who shares his name with the author of Two Treatises of Government.;;(John) Locke
;;It is home to Hotel Thornleigh's Pompeian barber shop, which boasts of the prettiest manicure girls in the state, including one who frequents Biddlemeier's Inn, the pert Pole Ida Putiak. One of its contenders for mayor reads The Way of All Flesh, and Rev. Beecher Ingram preaches free love and sedition. Its national guard is controlled by Caleb Nixon of the Pullmore Tractor Company, and Clarence Drum wants to use it to crush the strikers. The view of Tanner's hill from Cavendish apartments prompted a visitor to call a plumber, buy enormous amounts of food, and smoke cigars in an attempt to woo Tanis Judique. The "olllle-ways" speaking Opal Emerson Mudge of the American New Thought League spoke at its League of the Higher Illumination, prompting one listener to quarrel with his wife Myra. FTP, name this city home to Seneca Doane and Paul Riesling, whose most famous inhabitant is realtor George Follansbee Babbitt.;;Zenith
;;This artist's early paintings like Becoming and Passing and his only sculpture, The Bust of Nietzsche, display his interest in philosophy. A scythe-holding figure in a skeletal Halloween costume appears in his Seven Deadly Sins, a work painted at Lake Constance, where he moved later in life. His more political works include 50 Goyaesque etchings entitled Der Kreig; a depiction of crippled war veterans, The Skat Players; and the haunting Stormtroopers Advancing Under Gas. His post-war works include the Metropolis Triptych and a work in which he depicts his subject as a ghoul, the Portrait of the Journalist Sylvia von Harden. FTP, name this man whose work was declared degenerate in 1933, a German painter and printmaker who along with figures such as Anton Raderscheit and George Grosz, was an influential member of the New Objectivity movement.;;(Otto) Dix
;;This man discusses the impotence of utopianism, leading to disillusionment and misdirected fanaticism in America in his Political Expectation. His wife's autobiography describes the menage-a-trois, the vulgar Marxist ideology, and extra-marital affairs and is entitled From Time to Time. Hegel's influence can be seen in his discussion of the "fullness of time" known as kairos in his work The Protestant Era, and his philosophy of art was heavily influenced by German Expressionism. Some of his more unorthodox ideas were first described in a 1919 lecture, "On the Idea of a Theology of Culture." In his Gifford Lectures, he developed a "method of correlation" for his interpretation of symbols in the scripture laid out in his three-volume masterwork, which joins his classic treatise The Courage to Be. FTP, name this author of Dynamics of Faith and Systematic Theology, a Christian theologian born in Germany.;;(Paul) Tillich
;;The narrator and main character of this work correctly and somewhat surprisingly notes that a sick child he sees is suffering from Kwashiorkor. That character begins as an apprentice driver and operates vehicles called "Progres," and "Hope Will Victor," - he says that he is "prouding plenty" about his job. Unfortunately, "Progres" breaks down and he is forced to find new employment. He is impressed by the "uniform and gun and singing," and admires a village elder who went to Burma to fight Hitler and took Hitler's daughter as a lover. The narrator, Mene, claims that he "will fight the Enemy to nonsense," but after gaining his profession, he is soon captured and imprisoned. Written by the author of Basi and Company and Songs in a Time of War, FTP, name this work subtitled a "Novel in Rotten English," the most famous work by the executed Nigerian writer Ken Saro-wiwa.;;Sozaboy
;;One part of this work criticizes the use of a "civil sword" in helping governments achieve their ends as a "woeful experience", and another part contrasts the horn of a rhinoceros or unicorn with the power of truth. The ninth of its main points criticizes the application of uniformity to a populace, while the seventh of its points declares the government of the Land of Israel to be figurative. Partly written as an extension to its authors' earlier Mr. Cotton's Letter, it begins by decrying the splitting of thousands of souls by the "wars of present and former ages" and ends by affirming that a civil magistrate cannot interfere with the church. Primarily a dialog between Truth and Peace and written immediately after its author's exile, FTP, name this pamphlet on religious liberty written by Roger Williams.;;The Bloody Tenent of Persecution
;;This play's prologue compares its author to a "young Don Quixote" who will fight "Till every drop of blood-that's ink-is spilt for you." In the first act of this play, a virtuous character is pursued by Crabtree and Sir Benjamin Backbite. In act four, one character uses a rolled-up family tree to auction off family portraits to a relative disguised as Master Premium in order to pay off debts to the Jewish moneylender Moses. In a later scene, Sir Peter knocks down a screen after being told a French milliner is hiding behind it, only to reveal the hypocrisy of Joseph by discovering Lady Teazle instead. It ends with Oliver giving his blessing to Maria and Charles Surface, who overcome Snake's efforts to divide them. FTP, name this play about the malicious gossip spread by Lady Sneerwell, a comedy by Richard Brinsley Sheridan.;;(The) School for Scandal
;;One of this man's paintings depicts a group of men in red shirts on horseback unleashing a group of dogs, and he depicted himself standing next to Giotto and Donatello in a work housed in the Louvre. In addition to The Hunt in the Forest and Five Famous Men, he painted a series of Old Testament scenes for the Green Cloister of the Santa Maria Novella. Vasari's Lives of the Artists noted this man's obsession with perspective, which can be seen in his Funerary Monument to Sir John Hawkwood. He shows a knight stabbing a lizard in the eye in his version of St. George and the Dragon. He's most famous for a set of three works depicting Niccolo da Tolentino and the Florentine cavalry in combat. FTP, name this 15th century painter of The Battle of San Romano.;;(Paulo) Uccello
;;The explorer Zhang Qian referred to this region as Anxi, and this empire sent the Buddhist monk An Shih Kao to Luoyang. A namesake history of it was written in 1893 by George Rawlinson. An attempt to declare independence from this polity was made by the conqueror Gondophares, and in the process he displaced the northern Saka people. It met its downfall with the defeat of Vologases V, and this empire had been founded when the satrap Andragoras was overthrown by Arsaces I. Their mounted archers' use of a reverse shot allowed Surena to win a key victory for this kingdom over Marcus Licinius Crassus at the Battle of Carrhae. Lead at its height by Mithridates the Great, FTP, name this empire that ruled Iran and its surroundings between the 3rd century BC and the 4th century AD.;;Parthians|Parthian Empire|Ashkanians
;;One component of its genome is responsible for inhibiting the protein APOBEC3G, and another one of its proteins' HR1 and HR2 regions self-interact, forming a hairpin during one stage of its life cycle.  It can sometimes co-internalize with the lectin receptor DC-SIGN, and its genome enters the nucleus via the use of Rev Response Elements.  Commonly using either CXCR4 or CCR4 to enter a cell, this virus uses its gp120 and gp41 proteins for binding and membrane fusion.  Raltegravir is a new drug designed to target this lentivirus' integrase protein, and it requires a namesake protease to cleave the chimeric gag-pol protein.  FTP, name this retrovirus that infects helper T-cells and macrophages, the causative agent of AIDS.;;Human Immunodefiency Virus
;;One object carried by this god is used to threaten another figure with the curse of having to marry a three-headed giant. Before entering another figures' hall, he is barked at by a group of wild dogs and told by a shepherd that his quest is futile. The actions of this deity forced another god to fight the giant Beli with an antler instead of his usual armament, and this god offers 11 golden apples and Draupnir before threatening to destroy the world. He was also sent to order the dwarves to fashion Gleipnir, and he wields the magic sword Gambantein. Sent by his master to Gymir's Hall in Jotunheim to woo the giantess Gerd, FTP, name this Norse god, the hand servant of Frey whose name means "the shining one".;;Skirnir
;;This author wrote the introduction to Keorapetse Kgositsile's poetry collection Places and Bloodstains, and Charles Nnolim accused this author of plagiarizing from the novel The History of Umuchu. This author recounted his upbringing in his essay "Named for Victoria, Queen of England," which appears in his collection Morning Yet on Creation Day. His disgust with Joyce Cary's Mister Johnson inspired him to write his first novel, and this founding editor of the literary magazine Okike responded to his country's civil war with the poetry collection Beware, Soul Brother. Odili Samalu loses an election to the corrupt Nanga in his novel A Man of the People, and his collection Hopes and Impediments contains "An Image of Africa," his essay attacking the racism of Heart of Darkness. FTP, name this novelist of Arrow of God, Anthills of the Savannah, and Things Fall Apart.;;(Chinua) Achebe
;;This band is the subject of Rodger Grossman's film What We Do Is Secret, while Brendan Mullen wrote a history of this band titled after one of their EPs entitled Lexicon Devil. Its drummer, Dottie Danger, would go on to front the Go-Gos under her real name, Belinda Carlisle, and Georg Ruthenberg was a founding member of this band, long before he joined Nirvana and then the Foo Fighters under the name Pat Smear. This band briefly reunited and played its last show on December 3rd, 1980, four days before its lead singer committed suicide through an intentional heroin overdose. FTP, identify this band which released the first Los Angeles punk record, Formed, and which was fronted by Jan Paul Beahm, also known as Darby Crash.;;(The) Germs
;;The narrator of this work has to take leave of a business partner to do some writing after making $2.27 in one day, and watches the funeral of Mrs. Begg. The story of the wreck of the Minerva and the discovery of a ghost village comes from a Scotsman named Gaffett, while Abby Martin fancies herself Queen Victoria's twin. The narrator hears about Sarah from her widower, Elijah Tilley, and other key characters include Captain Littlepage, who relates the above story. We also hear of the Bowden family reunion and Mrs. Fosdick mentions a woman who lived most of her life in a tiny island off the coast, "poor Joanna," while the narrator goes to Green Island and meets William Blackett, who is the brother of the woman with whom she is lodging, Almira Todd. FTP, name this work set in Dunnett Landing, Maine, a novel by Sarah Orne Jewett.;;(The) Country of the Pointed Firs
;;In Burmese, -t? and -m? indicate the realis and irrealis type of this category. Estonian uses the noun suffix -t to indicate a change to one of these. Japanese uses the inchoative one, while others include the delimitative and the attenuative. In Hebrew, the pi'el group originally signified the iterative one, but is often known today as the intensive one, while the simplest is known as the aorist. In Latin, an infixed t indicates the frequentative one, and every verb has two stems and paradigms dependent on two contrasting types of this. In English, they are marked by auxiliary verbs like "have" and "is," denoting the perfect and progressive ones, respectively. FTP, name this grammatical category often confused with tense, which indicates the duration, completion, or other temporal quality of a verb.;;aspect
;;Under his cousin Henry Champernown, he likely fought at the Battle of Jarnac and may have been present at the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre.  As a captain of a company, he helped in putting down the Desmond Rebellions and took part in the massacre at Smerwick during that same time.  The capture of the "Madre de Dios" helped get him out of prison, which had come about due to his marriage to Elizabeth Throgmorton.  He was imprisoned again due to his supposed role in the Main Plot, but was released 13 years later in order to search for gold. His death came about due to the pressure of the Count of Gondomar, after an attack on San Thome by Lawrence Keymis proved to be a breach of contract with James I. FTP, name this man who lost his son and his life after a failed expedition to Guiana in search of El Dorado, and was a longtime favorite of Elizabeth I.;;(Sir) (Walter) Raleigh
;;In Act 2 of this opera, we hear a barcarole for two voices "Io son ricco, e tu sei bella," which is sung before a wedding, and is supposedly the newest thing from Venice. A later-televised version of this work by the Cincinnati Opera in 1968 was set in the Wild West. The aria "Quanto e bella, quanto e cara" is sung as this work begins with a main character reading the story of Tristan and Isolde to some resting villagers. The need to make twenty scudi quickly prompts another character to take the advice of Belcore and enlist in the army. That man, Nemorino, sees to use the enlistment money to pay Doctor Dulcamara in order to win his love Adina, and he sings the famous aria "Una Furtiva Lagrima." FTP, name this opera by Donizetti, in which the title item is really some cheap Bordeaux wine.;;L'Elisir d'Amore|(The) Elixir of Love
;;In the first act of this play, one character repeats a theme by declaring "the dart that wounded has the power to kill" and remarks on a lesson of feebleness learned by women. A sacrifice in the temple is interrupted by two characters, as the protagonist learns by a friend, Stratonice. That protagonist has a dream that her former love holds a dagger to her husband's throat, which occurs while her husband is away on a mission with Nearque, who is later sentenced to death by the title character's father-in-law, following the orders of Emperor Decie. That father-in-law, Felix, sees the marriage he arranged fail as his daughter's true love becomes a successful political figure, while the man he chose converts to Christianity. The death of that character leads to the conversion of Felix and the title character's wife, Pauline, who really loves the Roman soldier Severe. FTP, name this play by Pierre Corneille about a title Armenian nobleman.;;Polyeucte
;;This artist was once in a band whose first album Life's Too Good contained hits like "Birthday" and "Motorcrash," and was followed by Stick Around for Joy, which contains "Leash Called Love." She put out her jazz CD Gling-Glo during her time with that band, The Sugarcubes, with the man who would later be the father of her son. After that, she worked with Nellee Hooper on her debut solo album. The creator of the soundtrack to the movie Drawing Restraint 9, her album Vespertine includes a hit single with a controversial music video, "Pagan Poetry."  Her most recent album, Volta, contains the single "Declare Independence," while other albums include Post and Homogenic, and her biggest hit was "Human Behavior". FTP, name this musician who wore a swan dress to the Oscars and is from Iceland.;;Bjork (Gumundsdottir)
;;A plan to poison this man offered by Adgandestrius was rejected on the grounds that enemies should be killed on the battlefield. He was deserted by his uncle Inguiomerus, reportedly because that uncle simply refused to obey anyone so young. That prevented him from emerging victorious at the "Valley of the Maidens," or the Plain of Idistaviso, where he fought against Maroboduus helped by the Semnones and Langobardi. His father-in-law, Segestes, sought help resulting in the capture of his wife, Thusnelda, and Segestes' brother was this man's father, Sigimer. His most famous exploit was set up by telling a commander that a distant tribe was in revolt, whereupon this chief of the Cherusci ambushed him east of the Rhine. Referred to as "the liberator of Germany" by Tacitus, FTP, name this man who defeated three legions of Publius Quinctilius Varus in 9 AD at the Battle of Teutoburg Forest.;;Arminius|Hermann
;;A biography of this artist written by his son-in-law Matthew Spender is entitled "From a High Place." His first known painting is the impressionistic Park Street Church, while somber black shapes dominate his group entitled Nighttime, Enigma, and Nostalgia. Shortly after that, he completed a ten-part mural Aviation: Evolution of Forms Under Aerodynamic Limitations for the Newark Airport. His mature work includes the mixed-media canvas The Plow and the Song, One Year the Milkweed, and the more lighthearted The Liver is the Cock's Comb. Also known for a picture of himself with his mother and a series on the Garden in Sochi, a location in his home country, he committed suicide in 1948. FTP, name this abstract expressionist who moved to Boston from his genocide-torn birthplace of Armenia.;;(Arshile) Gorky
;;During the fighting of this battle, Operation Vulture was prepared to help the eventual losers, but went unused when support was not received from Britain. Operation Castor had been used to take the namesake location 4 months earlier, and that operation was part of the Navarre Plan being used to regain lost territory. It began with a surprise attack that took the northeast headquarter Beatrice, after which the headquarters Gabrielle and Anne-Marie fell, marking the defeat of Christian de Castries. After fifty-five days of fighting, the Popular Army overran the entire defensive position, and the next day the Geneva Conference took place, ending the war. FTP, name this battle in which General Giap's troops defeated the French army, the decisive battle of the First Indochina War.;;(Battle) (of) Dien Bien Phu
;;Ratios of these parameters appear in the summation for the formula for the Kaplan-York dimension, and Pesin's Theorem uses the sum of these to estimate the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy of a system.  For the logistic equation, Hofstadter and Dewdney give their name to a point associated with this, which occurs for the logistic parameter at about 3.5699. The most common formula to calculate these is given by Oseledec's theorem.  For ten points, identify this parameter named after a Russian mathematician, which, if greater than zero, indicates an unstable map.;;Lyapunov (Exponent)
;;This work ends with an epigram stating that the poet wanted the line "Jocund his muse was; but his life was chaste" at the end of this book. One of its pieces discusses a "Pomander Bracelet" while another puts forth a mere definition by saying "Beauty no other thing is, than a beam Flash'd out between the middle and extreme." It concludes with "The Pillar of Fame," and at the beginning the poet declares "I write of Hell, I sing and ever shall / Of Heaven, and hope to have it after all." The poet says "we weep to see / You haste away so soon" of the title flowers in "To Daffodils," and its poems to women include "The Changes. To Corinna" and poems "Upon Julia's" features and circumstances. Often paired with its author's Noble Numbers, the most famous poem says "That age is best which is the first" and "Gather ye rosebuds while ye may." FTP, name this collection including "To the Virgins, To Make Much of Time", written by Robert Herrick.;;Hesperides(:) (or(,)) (The) (Works) (Both) (Humane) (&) (Divine) (of) (Robert) (Herrick(,)) (Esq(.))
;;The terminus of this river features Edgewater Beach and Villa Angela Beach, after it has been forced to its outlet by the Portage Escarpment, which feeds it toward the Euclid Creek watershed. Its proper tributaries include Tare Creek near its source and Tinkers Creek, which passes over Gates Mills Falls. Its main course passes over the Munroe Falls Dam and a dam at Lake Rockwell as well as one at the Gorge Metropark. It moves through towns like Brecksville, Valley View, Parma, and Newburg Heights as well as a city named for its namesake falls located in Summit County. It also flows through another city in the same county, which is dubbed the "rubber capital of the world." Also known for its tendency to catch on fire, FTP, name this river which flows through Cleveland, Ohio.;;Cuyahoga (River)
;;The environmental impact of this reaction was ameliorated by Zhao, who introduced the use of excess per-iodic acid as a catalyst for it, and alternatives to this reaction include ones named for Heyns and Collins.  The typical direct addition version yields a large quantity of ester side products, and the presence of acetone effectively prevents this reaction for certain functional groups like esters.  Benzylic or allylic reactants form different products than other similar reactants in it because the resulting compounds cannot be hydrated.  After the formation of the namesake reagent by dissolving chromium tri-oxide in sulfuric acid, that reagent forms a chromate ester with the reacting alcohol before removing a hydrogen from it.  FTP name this reaction in which secondary alcohols are converted to ketones and primary alcohols are oxidized to either aldehydes or carboxylic acids, named for a British scientist.;;Jones (oxidation)
;;This thinker discusses how fortuitous events can be encouraged by personal initiative in his article "The Psychology of Chance Encounters and Life Paths." With his student Carol Kupers, he conducted a bowling game experiment to explore ideas of self-rewarding and self-motivation. A student of Kenneth Spence at Iowa, he came to collaborate with Richard Walters in his early work and explains his model of human functioning, "triadic reciprocal causation," in his book Social Foundations of Thought and Action. He's also written about phobias and the best way to alleviate them in Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. Better known is his work with Dorrie and Shiela Ross on the notion of social modeling, explained in his first book Adolescent Aggression. FTP, name this Stanford-based founder of social cognitive theory, best known for his Bobo Doll Experiment.;;(Albert) Bandura
;;One derivative of this molecule is the mushroom compound gyromitrin, which is metabolized into the toxic monomethyl version of it, while the iso-nicotinyl version of it is used to treat tuberculosis.   It can be produced industrially in the Atofina-PCUK cycle, or in a process in which chloramine is an intermediate, the Olin Raschig process.  Imides react with it to form tri-azoles in the Einhorn-Brunner reaction, while in another reaction, it attacks a carbonyl compound to form a similarly named intermediate before winding up as nitrogen gas.  FTP, name this molecule used to completely reduce a carbonyl in the Wolff-Kishner reaction, which is also prominently used as a rocket fuel and has formula N2H4.;;hydrazine
;;A historical account of this group "and their merits" was written by Abu al-Kirmana and serves as the main source on their origin, which seems to be the Buddhist monastery of Nava Vihara in Balkh. Their fall from grace may be linked to a love affair of the daughter of al-Mahdi. Their namesake gave way to his son Yahya ibn Khalid who wielded fairly little military power, unlike his own sons of this group, al-Fadl and Jafar, who rose to greater heights with the former being appointed governor of Khorasan. Their fall from power and expulsion is often said to be a result of displeasure at their non-observance of traditional Islamic practice on the part of Harun al-Rashid. FTP, name this family of Persian origin who served as grand viziers to the Abassid caliphs, and give their name to a certain feast in which there turns out to be a pittance of food or hospitality.;;Barmakids|Barmecides
;;Adrian Furnham wrote a 1994 book on this "at work," about the evolving workplace. Lewis Terman wrote a 1936 book on sex and this, while Jacques Lacan wrote his dissertation on "paranoid psychosis and its relation" to this. Ian Nicholson wrote a 2003 book about "inventing" this, which describes a classic 1946 book with this title by Gordon Allport, in which Allport offers a "psychological interpretation" of this. Kurt Lewin wrote about a dynamic theory of it, while Edward Sapir wrote about "Language, Culture, and this" and Maslow wrote a book on motivation and this. Theodor Adorno wrote about the authoritarian type of it in 1950, while Ruth Benedict talked about it being "writ large" in Patterns of Culture. FTP, give this term used to denote characteristics that influence behavior, which is inventoried by the MMPI.;;personality
;;Near the beginning, one character talks about a dream he had where he was making love to a woman who had the head of Abraham Lincoln, after which the scene shifts to some characters trying to remember episodes of Gilligan's Island, which is later referred to as a "male pornographic fantasy." Another character later says that "there's some spooky stuff going on on a dollar billand it's green too." Several scenes take place at the Emporium, a local pool hall, and the ending sees a main character elect not to sign the written pledge for his football team and instead pursue some tickets for Aerosmith. Famous for having a cast with a bunch of future stars like Parker Posey, Joey Lauren Adams, and Matthew McConaughey, FTP, name this 1993 Richard Linklater movie about a group of students on the last day of school.;;Dazed and Confused
;;Hilbert's Basis Theorem provides a condition for when one of these is Noetherian, which implies that the ascending chain condition is satisfied by its special subsets, known as ideals. A generalization to a vector space known as a module makes use of this structure, and homomorphisms between these objects preserve both of the characteristic operations. Though they are not generally commutative, the most interesting varieties such as integral domains and unique factorization domains are. For ten points, identify this algebraic structure more general than a field that possesses addition and multiplication, but does not necessarily have multiplicative inverses.;;ring
;;Act II of this play opens with one character trying to figure out how a typewriter works, but he's rebuked when he makes a key stick. A main character reveals that his kids Jimmy and Fluffy are back in town, when he is visited in his drawing room by Alexander Mill, whom he calls Lexy. That character is told that all the women he knows suffer from "Prossy's complaint," which refers to his secretary Proserpine Garnett, who took a pay cut just to work for him out of love - this interchange later confuses his snobbish father-in-law Mr. Burgess. The plot is initiated when the young poet Eugene Marchbanks declares that he is in love with the wife of Reverend James Morell, but in the end that title wife decides to stay with Morell since he is the weaker man. FTP, name this play by George Bernard Shaw named for a woman who sounds like a Voltaire protagonist.;;Candida
;;The man taken prisoner as a result of this event asked for the accompaniment of his brother-in-law Jacob Leese, whose better English aided the surrender negotiations, as did the French Colonel Victor Prudon. One of its leaders was John Grigsby, while another issued the rallying cry "Choose this day what you will be! We are robbers, or we must be conquerors!," according to the account of this event by Robert Semple, who was a participant in it along with Ezekiel Merritt. In its aftermath, a proclamation was issued by William Ide, though it would be revoked after the arrival of Commodore John Sloat. This event saw the arrest of General Mariano Vallejo and his imprisonment in Sonoma at Sutter's Fort. FTP, name this 1846 revolt by which a namesake short-lived republic was declared in the future state of California.;;Bear Flag (Revolt) (of) (1846)
;;The forest steppe of this mountain range is an ecosystem home to deciduous oak and pistachio and occurs along its orogenic arch starting in the north near the Sirvan River, which becomes the Diyala as it flows through this range. It was the site of the Ghir earthquake and is home to Kobeh Cave, which has produced Mousterian large-mammal fossils. The main river that rises in this range is the Eulaeus River, which is globally known as the Karun River, and flows southward toward the sea. It is connected by a transfer zone to the Makran basin in the south, and to its north are the slightly-smaller Elburz Mountains. With their highest point at Zard-Kuh, FTP, name these largest mountains in Iran and Iraq which stretch along the Persian Gulf.;;Zagros (Mountains)
;;In one variant of this figure's story, he is sent to bark under a fence for three years, as punishment for him building a fence to the clouds which contains no gate. Near the end of his life, he is told to seek the favor of the blue forest-maidens accompanied by the black dog Musti. He is tormented by a woman named Elina, who bakes stones into his loaf of bread so that his beloved knife breaks; this prompts him to turn all of her cattle into bears and wolves which tear her to shreds. After that, he is given a sword by Ukko and proceeds to slaughter Untamo and his entire tribe, exacting revenge for his father's death before finally falling on his own sword, after which we hear a moral take on his story from Vainamoinen. FTP, name this angry waif whose tragic tale is part of the Kalevala, and who was the basis for a symphony by Sibelius.;;Kullervo
;;An edition of this opera was published by David Lloyd-Jones in 1975, and a version of it was composed by Karol Rathaus and John Gutman for the Metropolitan Opera in 1953. Two policemen enter an inn with a warrant they cannot read after a hostess sings a song about catching a gray drake in Act I. Act II begins with a song about a gnat chopping some firewood, a futile attempt to cheer up Xenia, and ends with a hallucination scene induced by the chiming of a clock. The Jesuit Rangoni sets the plot in motion, after imploring the central figure to hide during the nobles' polonaise in Act III. The plot ends in a forest with a simpleton singing of impending woe, after opening with the monk Pimen writing history alone in his cell. FTP, name this opera based on a play by Pushkin and featuring characters like Vasily Shuysky, a historically-themed work by Mussorgsky.;;Boris Godunov
;;The inventor of the lock-in amplifier, he performed early work on atomic physics, where his namesake narrowing occurs due to motion-averaged Doppler effects in the millimeter regime. In Penzias and Wilson's discovery paper of the CMB, they cited a concurrently published paper by Peebles, Roll, Wilkinson, and this man as a possible theoretical explanation. G is no longer constant in the competing theory to general relativity that he formulated along with Carl Brans, and the fact that the Universe is very near the critical density is known as his coincidence. For ten points, identify this American physicist and pioneering cosmologist.;;(Robert) (H(.)) Dicke
;;This writer's lesser known work includes a pamphlet "Pappe with a Hatchet," which drew a response from Gabriel Harvey. He depicts Pandora, the first woman on Earth, who has her personality altered by seven vengeful planets, finally going insane and choosing to live on Luna, in the blank verse work The Woman in the Moon. Memphio and Stellio are two fathers who disguise their kids as poor while Sperantus and Prisias disguise their kids as rich in his comedy Mother Bombie, while Phillida and the title character disguise themselves as boys to avoid being sacrificed as virgins to the monster Agar in Gallathea. Also the author of Sapho and Phao and Campaspe, this writer is most famous for creating a character who vies with his friend Philautus for the love of Lucilla in a work subtitled "The Anatomy of Wit." FTP, name this Elizabethan dramatist who wrote prose in a characteristically ornate and witty style which was dubbed "Euphuism.".;;(John) Lyly
;;Among the minor works of this composer are some unaccompanied polyphonic choral works, including "Jesus and the Traders," "Norwegian Girls," and "Ode to Liszt." He produced three extant operas, including The Spinning Room. His Missa Brevis was rearranged for organ and mixed choir, and performed in the cloakroom of an opera house during wartime conditions. His "Seven Songs" are often referred to as Belated Melodies, and the oboe opens his sixteen Peacock Variations. Though he gained fame for his Dances of Galanta, he's better known for an opera which features movements imitating a "Viennese Musical Clock" and portraying the "Battle and Defeat of Napoleon." Also the namesake of a method of musical education, FTP, name this composer of the Hary Janos Suite, who went on an expedition to collect folk songs with fellow Hungarian Bela Bartok.;;(Zoltan) Kodaly
;;One inhibitor of this enzyme, acetazolamide, can be used to treat glaucoma and seizures, while another, topiramate, preferentially targets subtypes II and IV of the alpha class of this enzyme.  Through convergent evolution, there are at least four classes of this enzyme, with the mammalian alpha group subdivided into cytosolic, mitochondrial, secreted, and membrane-associated versions.  One of these using cadmium was found in a diatom, but the active site typically contains a zinc ion coordinated to three histidine residues and water, such that a polarized water molecule can attack the other reacting molecule it holds nearby.  One of the fastest-acting biological enzymes, it is especially plentiful in red blood cells.  FTP name this enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of carbon dioxide and water to form a proton and bicarbonate.;;carbonic anhydrase
;;This man gained fame as a ruthless general - he allegedly threatened to cane a subordinate to death for failing to move a cannon quickly enough and he used the slogan "cut heads, burn houses" as strategy in battle. The instigators of the Male Revolt in another country wore necklaces bearing the likeness of this man, who came to marry Claire Heureuse and met his death at Red Bridge. He occasionally referred to himself as Duclos, his original name, and upon taking power promulgated a constitution which allowed freedom of religion and mandated that all citizens be called "black," though soon after that he was assassinated by Alexandre Petion, who set up a state in the south, while Henri Christophe did likewise in the north. FTP, name this former general under Toussaint L'Ouverture who became the first emperor of an independent Haiti, in which capacity he took the regnal name Jacques I.;;(Jean(-)Jacques) Dessalines
;;This author's later novels include The Mortgage on the Hiproof House, and one in which Eva Collins has a secret benefactor who takes the name P.P. Smith but is really the title bootblack, Pactolus Prime. The pastor of the Church of the Golden Lilies stops a strike in his novel about a "Christian Socialist," Murvale Eastman, while his earliest novel Toinette was reworked as A Royal Gentleman. His best known novel features the hero Comfort Servosse, a man of French Canadian blood who comes to Warrington and meets Melville Gurney and Miss Lily, who get married in that book's sequel, Bricks Without Straw. But, this writer is also known as a judge in North Carolina who agreed to serve as counsel for Homer Plessy. FTP, name this author of A Fool's Errand, a carpetbagger who fought for black rights during Reconstruction.;;(Albion) Tourgee
;;This person's tenure in The Wanderers influenced the incomplete Student Nihilist and the revolutionary cycle The Meeting, Arrest of a Propagandist, Refusal of the Confession, and They Did Not Expect Him. One work of his, intended as a "study in laughter," finds the central character and his assistant, who are at center drafting an epistle, as the only people without scalp locks. Another features a walking stick later copied by Vasnetsov that has inflicted a temple wound on the Christ-like second title character. The subjects of perhaps his most famous work were later re-treated by Campfire. This artist's best-known historical canvases are probably the aforementioned Ivan the Terrible and his Son Ivan, and Zaporozhian Cossacks. FTP, name this late-nineteenth-century Ukrainian Realist, the creator of The Volga Boatmen.;;(Ilya) (Yefimovich) Repin
;;This man declined an offer to return his family's ancestral holdings in Seville while serving as a diplomat to Pedro the Cruel. In a later diplomatic effort, he negotiated the safe passage of the besieged Damascenes.  In one work, he cited the Biblical account of Moses's army as an example of historical information that, if accepted blindly, leaves one "lost in the desert of baseless assumptions and errors." In that treatise he listed failures to place events in their social context and account for changes in social customs as two of the seven errors of historians, and used the concept of "group feeling" or 'asabiyah to account for the development of large states. FTP, name this man whose unfinished History of the World opens with the Muqaddimah, an Arab historian from Tunisia.;;Ibn Khaldun|(Wali) (al(-)Din) ('Abd) (al(-)Rahman) (ibn) (Muhammad) (ibn) (Muhammad) (ibn) (Abi) (Bakr) (Muhammad) (ibn) (al(-)Hasan) Ibn Khaldun
;;Upon receiving a man named "something like Archbold," the narrator of this work pretends to be slightly deaf and insists on giving a complete tour of his accomodations, including his quarters, which are arranged in the shape of a capital L.  At the end of this work, the southern hill of Koh-ring reduces visibility, but the narrator is able to detect his ship drifting by looking at a white hat that he gave to another character.  That character saved most of his comrades during a gale but strangled one man, leading to his imprisonment aboard the Sephora.  FTP, name this short novella in which a young captain hides Leggatt, written by Joseph Conrad.;;(The) Secret Sharer
;;In one ritual honoring this god, the first ox to eat grain spread over his altar was killed, then, in a show trial the axe that struck the ox was condemned and thrown in the ocean.  One of this god's oracular sites was established on the orders of a black dove at the same time as Ammon's oracle at Siwa, and provided suppliants with oracles based on the rustling of leaves on the sacred oaks, one of which was used in the prow of the Argo.  This god tested and then punished Nyctimus's father Lycaon in his role as the patron of guest-friendship, or xenia.  FTP, name this god who maintained an oracle at Dodona and rewarded Baucis and Philemon for their hospitality to him and his son Hermes.;;Zeus
;;Following this clash, Sultan Ahmed III sheltered the defeated commander and was eventually convinced to declare war. After that commander retreated, his second-in-command surrendered at Perevolochna on the Vorskla. A strategic blunder at Lesnaya severely limited one side's supply and reinforcement, and a critical turn during this battle was the capture of Roos' detachment. The siege precipitating it was the first phase of one side's plan to strike at the other's capital, a plan that was bolstered by the defection of Ivan Mazepa. Among the defeated commanders, Rehnskiold was captured and Lewenhaupt fled, pursued by Menshikov. FTP, name this battle of 1709; the raising of a siege of a Ukrainian city that saw Charles XII smashed by the Peter the Great, effectively deciding the Great Northern War.;;(the) (Battle) (of) Poltava
;;The formation of these structures is associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and type IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.  A type of scarring known as "tree-barking" is related to the formation of these in tertiary syphilis, and they may be described as fusiform or saccular.  Small ones named for Charcot and Bouchard may be found distal to the circle of Willis.  "True" ones affect the adventitial, medial, and intimal layers of the entities from which these arise, and they can be caused by a copper deficiency as a subsequent result of elastin weakness. FTP, identify these structures sometimes associated with atherosclerosis and most commonly found in cerebral vessels and the aorta, a weakening and bulging of the arterial wall that may result in blood vessel rupture.;;aneurysms
;;This author's popular hymn "Still, still with Thee, when purple morning breaketh" appeared in the aptly titled volume Religious Poems.  Tina and Harry go to live at the farmhouse of Crab Smith in a work by this author which is narrated by Horace Holyoke.  In addition to Sam Lawson's Oldtown Fireside Stories, this author of Poganuc People wrote about such characters as Miss Prissy Diamond, James Marvyn, and the old Dr. Hopkins, who gets engaged to Mary Scudder, in the 1859 novel The Minister's Wooing.  FTP, name this author of Dred who may be better known for a controversial novel published during the 1850s, Uncle Tom's Cabin.;;(Harriet) (Beecher) Stowe
;;Its 17th chapter shows that no one can transfer all things to the sovereign power, and discusses the reasons why a certain ancient state could both perish and could scarcely exist without sedition.  Its final chapter concludes that the state is never safer than when piety and religion are taken to consist solely in the practice of charity and justice, and refers to a line from Tacitus in claiming that "in a free state everyone is allowed to think what they wish and to say what they think."  Earlier chapters ask whether the prophetic gift was peculiar to the Hebrews and show that the Pentateuch was not written by the person after whom it is named.  FTP, name this work from 1670 which discusses the Bible and the state, a philosophical text by Spinoza.;;Theological(-)Political Treatise|Tractatus theologico(-)politicus
;;In an interview, this work's creator noted its natural juxtaposition to "Ay Bay Bay." Fictional elements of its setting include King Snake malt liquor, the magazine Grillz, Club Ice, and Raphael de la Ghetto High School, where its frame story is set. Demangins the objects of the title action over sports pages or magazines, it features a Clockwork Orange-inspired sequence in which a young man is forced to watch footage of a non-standard yellow clip being loaded into a gun, which then fires texts by Donald Goines and Zora Neale Hurston. This song by Bomani Armah, a.k.a. "your boy D'Mite," a.k.a. notarapper, became infamous after its music video aired on 106 & Park in 2007. FTP, name this satirical piece built on Beethoven's Fifth Symphony that ostensibly encourages literacy and that is notorious for airing on BET.;;Read a Book
;;A 1975 Supreme Court decision involving this state and a man named Hass discussed whether evidence provided by a suspect who isn't able to contact a lawyer prior to reaching a police station is usable.  The 1877 case which established that a defendant has to be served within a state for personal jurisdiction to obtain, Pennoyer v. Neff, started out as a suit over unpaid lawyer bills in this state's courts.  A 1970 case involving this state established that states were free to set their own voting ages for state elections, though that decision was set aside by the 26th Amendment.  This Western state has been represented in the Senate by such men as Charles McNary, Wayne Morse, and Mark Hatfield.  FTP, name this state whose other politicians include Ron Wyden and Bob Packwood.;;Oregon
;;One musician with this last name founded and led the group Dameronia; a second musician with this surname recorded with both of his older brothers, pianist Hank and trumpeter Thad; and a third formed the "All-American" rhythm section with Walter Page, Freddie Green and Count Basie.  The third prompted Charlie Parker to practice by throwing a cymbal at him during a concert, the second played drums in John Coltrane's Classic Quartet for such albums as A Love Supreme, and the first played drums in Miles Davis's First Great Quintet.  The first also added a nickname based on his Pennsylvania birthplace to distinguish himself from the third.  FTP, give the last name shared by drummers Elvin, "Papa" Jo, and "Philly Joe.".;;Jones
;;The first volume of this novel, which ends with one character remembering how he was accused of being a stealer of candles, takes place on Saint Francis of Assisi's Day and the two days before it.  Characters in it include an urchin named Bismarck, who is first seen ringing the bell of Wamba in the company of Celedonio.  More central is the canon theologian, Don Fermin De Pas, who is also appointed vicar-general.  This first novel by a professor of law at the University of Oviedo is set in the fictional town of Vetusta.  FTP, name this realistic novel written in the 1880s whose title character is Ana Ozores, the best known work by Leopoldo Alas.;;(La) Regenta|(The) Judge's Wife|(The) Regent's Wife
;;While serving as a rampart-builder, this character was forced to give the best three parts of his dinner each night to a blind satirist whose mouth grew out of his chest.  This character eventually died from a wound inflicted decades earlier by Ceithlenn of the Crooked Teeth.  He also made the sun stand still for nine months to hide his affair with the river-goddess Boann.  He was unable to bed the daughter of Indech until he took a massive dump, following a spy mission during which he ate a pit full of his beloved porridge prepared by the Fomorians.  FTP, name this father of Aengus Mac g and Brigit, a leader of the Tuatha De Danann who possessed a magical club and cauldron, known as "the good god.".;;(the) Dagda (Samildanac)|Dagda mor mac Eladan|Dagda mor mac Eithenn|Eochaidh Ollathair|(In) Ruad Rofhessa|Fer Benn Bruach Brogaill Broumide Cerbad Caic Rolaig Builc Labair Cerrce Di Brig Oldathair Boith Athgen mBethai Brightere Tri Carboid Roth Rimaire Riog Scotbe Obthe Olaithbe(;) (prompt) (on) (the) (good) (god)
;;One member of this dynasty defeated King Areus in the Chremonidean War and regained control of the League of the Islanders, a protectorate established by its founder. A later member of this dynasty defeated Cleomenes III while allied with Aratus of Sicyon and the Achaean League. The pretender Andriscus claimed to be the son of this dynasty's final member, who was defeated by Lucius Aemilius Paullus almost 30 years after its penultimate member was defeated by Titus Quinctius Flaminius.  In addition to the battles of Pydna and Cynoscephalae, its members saw losses at a siege that resulted in the construction of the Colossus of Rhodes and in a battle against Lysimachus, Cassander, and Seleucus at Ipsus.  FTP, name this dynasty that ruled Macedonia following the death of Alexander, named for its one-eyed founder.;;(the) Antigonid (dynasty)
;;His research into art and museums yielded the texts The Love of Art and Photography: A Middle-Brow Art.  He described the education system's reinforcement of socioeconomic inequality in The Inheritors, and analyzed the events of May 1968 in Homo Academicus.  He was featured in the documentary Sociology is a Martial Art, released shortly before his 2002 death.  He discusses "Libido and illusio" at the start of a chapter on "Symbolic Violence and Political Struggles" in a work critiquing "scholastic reason," Pascalian Meditations.  FTP, name this Frenchman whose texts Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste and Outline of a Theory of Practice develop his concepts of field, habitus and cultural capital.;;(Pierre) Bourdieu
;;Ezra Pound translated a work by this author about a woman named Laecania, whose teeth are only white because she bought them last night.  Walter Savage Landor imitated a work by this author in a poem on "the Georges" which begins "George the First was always reckoned / Vile, but viler George the Second."  Ben Jonson wrote numerous imitations of this man's work, and wrote a poem to this man's ghost which suggests that this man gave far nobler poems to his "Domitian" than Jonson could to his James.  The last of this author's 15 volumes of poetry were written in retirement in Spain, where he died around AD 103.  FTP, name this Roman poet, a friend of Quintilian and Juvenal known for his satiric epigrams.;;Martial|(Marcus) (Valerius) Martialis
;;One chapter in this book is devoted to a "dish of dunderfunk," a delicacy which was reportedly stolen away from the cook Old Coffee. Another chapter is devoted to an event called the "Massacre of the Beards," which the author says would have made anyone but a Tartar or a barber weep. A few characters pretend to eat a specimen of cancer, which is really just pudding, but it manages to fool Cadwallader Cuticle, a surgeon with a glass eye who takes joy in cutting off limbs of patients. Lemsford is a poet who tries to find a hiding place for his box of manuscripts, but it's always discovered by Quoin. The jovial Mad Jack and the alcoholic Captain Claret join the heroic Jack Chase, who manages to save the title narrator after he falls off the U.S.S. Neversink and is nearly speared, mistaken for a whale. FTP, name this 1850 novel by Herman Melville with lots of flogging, named for the color of the narrator's coat.;;White(-)Jacket(,)|(The) (World) (in) (a) (Man(-)of(-)War)
;;One scientist of this surname built on the work of Hugo de Vries in examining crossing over events, wrote a Geneticists' Manifesto, and discovered that x-rays cause mutations.  A concept named for that man also describes how deleterious mutations will accumulate over time in asexual species.  Another scientist of this surname lends that name to a pair of regions in a human embryo near the urogenital ridge that, in the absence of his eponymous inhibiting hormone, will develop into the Fallopian tubes and uterus.  In addition to ones naming a ratchet and ducts, a third scientist of this name wrote Fur Darwin to support the theory of natural selection with his field studies in Brazil, which also led to his most lasting idea, demonstrated by Viceroy and Monarch butterflies.  FTP, identify this last name, which describes the type of mimicry in which both prey species share the same anti-predatory traits.;;Muller
;;The dissent in this case relies upon a string of precedent including Hoke v. United States and the oleomargarine case McCray v. United States, saying that the result should be compelled by Champion v. Ames. Although this decision was upheld four years later in Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Company, the Court later explicitly declared it bad law in United States v. Darby. In probably the only important majority opinion of his career, Justice William Rufus Day stressed a rather formal distinction between the right to regulate and the right to "forbid" and "destroy." Congress responded to this decision by passing a statute which levied an excise tax of 10 percent on all net profits instead of the outright prohibition attempted by the Keating-Owen Act, but that was rejected as well. FTP, name this 1918 case which struck down the Child Labor Act as an usurpation of state police power.;;Hammer v(.) Dagenhart
;;One city by this name sits on a namesake bay at the mouth of the Bensafrim River just northeast of Port Saint Vincent and Sagres - this city, located in the very southwest of Portugal, was the launching point for several expeditions of Henry the Navigator. Another city by this name is home to Tinubu Square and the Third Mainland Bridge, and features suburbs like Shomolu and Mushin. That city includes the residential Victoria Island, which sits astride Lekki Peninsula, as well as Ikoyi Island. The site of Murtala Muhammed National Airport, it lies to the south of cities like Abeokuta and Ibadan. FTP, name this conurbation on the Bight of Benin which was replaced by Abuja as the capital but remains the most populous city in Nigeria.;;Lagos
;;Vice Admiral James Stockdale, the former running mate of Ross Perot, wrote a book about testing this man's doctrines "in a laboratory of human behavior." This fellow once rebuked a friend of his for not having a wife - that friend responded "very well, give me one of your daughters for a wife," poking fun of the fact that he too was a bachelor. That friend of his was Demonax, proving once again that Demonax is awesome. This man was crippled while serving as a slave to Epaphroditos, and after he was dismissed, he became a student of Musonius Rufus. Only four volumes remain of his eight volume Discourses, which were collected by his pupil Arrian, while his thought is more concisely expressed in his Enchiridion or Handbook. FTP, name this Greek Stoic philosopher born in the first century CE who lived much of his life in Rome.;;Epictetus
;;In one story by this author, a flood tragically sweeps away a cow named La Serpentina, which was meant to be the dowry for 12-year old Tacha, so she wouldn't become a whore like her two older sisters. In another story, a man carries his son, a mortally wounded bandit named Ignacio, on his back to get him medical help at a town. Those stories, "We're Very Poor" and "No Dogs Bark," appear in a collection with a better-known story about a father Juvencio Nava who makes the title plea to his son Justino, "Tell Them Not to Kill Me!." In addition to the collection usually translated as The Burning Plain, another book by this author features the hanging of Toribio Aldrete and a protagonist who takes power from Fulgor Sedano, the administrator of the Media Luna. That work is set at a ranch in Comala where everyone, including Juan Preciado, is already dead. FTP, name the Mexican author of that work, Pedro Paramo.;;(Juan) Rulfo
;;This scientist's diffusion model uses Markov chains and provides an alternative to the statistical interpretation of the second law of thermodynamics. He developed a classification scheme for phase transitions that looks at discontinuities in the derivative of the free energy. His namesake paradox notes that a rigidly rotating disc should have a Lorentz-contracted circumference, but an unchanged radius. But, he is best known for his theorem which relates the time derivative of the expectation of a quantum operator to its commutator. For ten points, identify this formulator of the quantum analogue of Newton's Second Law.;;(Paul) Ehrenfest
;;One of these musical pieces contains a section popularly known as "The Peasant's Little Train" or "The Little Train of the Rube," which is followed by a section dubbed "Remembrance of the Bush." Another of these pieces contains a "Country Quadrille" followed by the "Joust" toccata, and another of them is inspired by the Two-Part Inventions. By far the most popular of these works is the fifth, which is partially set to a text by Ruth Correa and is designated for eight cellos, while the first one is for an "orchestra of cellos" and is dedicated to Pablo Casals. FTP, name this set of nine suites designed to meld the style of Johann Sebastian Bach with the folk music and tradition of Brazil, the best-known works by Heitor Villa-Lobos.;;Bachianas Brasileiras
;;One character by this name has a cook named Fat Lizzie, whose daughter Bluebell aids her. She is opposed by her daughter Rachel Blake and her husband has a pernicious habit of writing the letter S in their bibles. A woman in her sixties dying of dropsy, she lives in Back Creek village married to the immigrant miller Henry Colbert, whom she suspects of having relations with Nancy Till. Another woman by this name shared in a sin mentioned in the Book of Acts with her husband, when they both offered only a portion of their property to be donated to the apostles. FTP, give this name shared by the Biblical wife of Ananias and a character who appears in a Willa Cather novel paired with "the slave girl.".;;Sapphira
;;One variant of this reaction replaces a key ingredient with 1,3-dichloro-cis-2-butene, and is named for Wichterle, while an alternative to it replaces that same ingredient with a sulfoxide that has an ortho-ester attached.  That reaction, named for Hauser, also replaces this reaction's second step with a Dieckmann reaction.  The Wieland-Mischer and Hajos-Parrish ketones can be formed when methyl vinyl ketone is used as the alpha, beta unsaturated ketone reactant in its first step, which also requires a nucleophilic donor like an enamine or beta keto ester.  FTP, name this reaction used to form polycyclic molecules, which consists of a Michael addition followed by an intra-molecular aldol condensation.;;Robinson annulation
;;Nearly one-third of the territory of this modern nation was surrendered by the Treaty of Sugauli, which ended a namesake war and preceded the Treaty of Titalia. Shortly afterwards, this place witnessed the Kot Massacre, which led to autocratic rule under hereditary ministers. The villages of Koligrama and Dakshina-Koligrama flourished here during the Licchiavi Kingdom, which was followed by the Malla Dynasty, though it divided into three kingdoms by 1482 CE. Those hill states later united under Prithvi Narayan Shah, establishing its Gorkha Kingdom. More recent rulers of this place have included King Tribhuwan, whose son Mahendra quelled its democratic movement - his grandson, the Crown Prince Dipendra, would slaughter much of its royal family. FTP, name this nation with its modern capital at Kathmandu.;;Nepal
;;The authorship of this study gives credit to O.J. Harvey, who developed laboratory-type judgmental indices for it; this study also lists B. Jack White and William R. Hood as collaborators. Stage three of it saw the introduction of so-called "superordinate goals," one of which involved viewing the then-popular movie Treasure Island, which required the participants to somehow raise a total of 15 dollars. Those participants dubbed themselves the Eagles and the Rattlers and, as predicted, developed negative attitudes towards members of the "out-group," for example refusing to eat with them in the mess hall. It was carried out under the University of Oklahoma as a part of the Intergroup Relations Project. FTP, name this 1954 experiment by Muzafer Sherif and his wife Carolyn on group cooperation, named for the state park where it took place.;;Robbers Cave (experiment)
