;;Joseph Femia explored the social significance of this phenomenon, which in one aspect can be viewed as the "manufacturing of consent."  Seen in Weberian terms as the "myth of natural superiority," in the context of Marxian theory it refers to the ideal representation of ruling class interests as universally desirable.  Viewed most famously as the means of maintaining social order in capitalist societies, FTP, name this sociology concept most famously associated with Antonio Gramsci.;;hegemony
;;The last chapter of this novel, "Relics," deals with the central family's attempts to cope with the protagonist's death.  The author used his boyhood experience in creating the sprawling palace at Donnafugatta, where Tancredi effects his flirtations with the mayor's daughter, Angelica.  Its title refers to a motif on the coat of arms of the family to which the protagonist belongs.  That protagonist, Don Fabrizio Salina, personifies the old Sicilian aristocracy in, FTP, what novel written by Giuseppe di Lampedusa?.;;(The) Leopard|(Il) Gatto Pardo
;;While on an artistic tour of Spain he undertook a study of Goya's Third of May, which inspired his Execution of the Emperor Maximilian.  Later in life, he devoted himself exclusively to plen-air, or open-air, paintings as evinced by such canvases as Young Girl on the Threshold of the Garden at Bellevue and Le Chemin de Fer, or The Railroad. He copied Daumier for the atypical The Fifer but he pioneered his own technique of peinture clare [PEN-toor CLARE] for his last major work, 1882's Bar at the Folies-Bergere.  FTP, name this Frenchman who also painted Olympia and Luncheon on the Grass.;;(Edouard) Manet
;;Celebrated among Samaritans during the month of Nisan, during its celebration Psalm 24 is read and the tashlikh, the ceremonial throwing of bread crumbs into flowing water, is performed.  Beginning at nightfall on the 29th of Elul, it is the first part of Yamim Noraim and the sweetness and bitterness of life are symbolically acknowledged with the consumption of apples and honey.  FTP, name this Jewish holiday celebrating the New Year.;;Rosh Hashanah
;;In a series of vignettes in this poem, images of swimmers, wrestlers, firemen, and laborers are presented.  In its third section, the poet celebrates an old farmer, the vigorous, calm, beautiful, and handsome father of five whom anyone would want to touch.  An early version of the poem began "Oh my children! Oh my mates!" and was later replaced with "armies of those I love."  The third poem in the "Children of Adam" sequence in Leaves of Grass, FTP, name this Walt Whitman work that celebrates the corporeal human form.;;I sing the body electric
;;This family's name translates as "Wisteria Arbour" in commemoration of the place where it and its imperial ally conspired to oust their common rival.  It was empowered by the establishment of the office of kampaku, or chancellor, and weakened when "cloistered rule" was instituted following the 1027 ascension of Go-Sanjo after the death of its greatest ally, Michinaga.  Eventually usurped by the Taira, FTP, name this medieval clan of Japan whose power coincided with the Minamoto emperors.;;Fujiwara (Clan)
;;One explanation for the structure of this type of astronomical object is the Lin-Shu Hypothesis in which quasi-stationary density waves are posited to differentiate it from a similar type.  Located on the upper branch of the Hubble tuning fork diagram, four examples are found in the Coma Berenices and three examples can be found in the Virgo cluster.  Thought to contain a super massive black holes at their center, their interiors are populated by older Population I stars, while expanses are populated by population II stars such as our sun.  FTP, name these types of galaxies, one example of which is the Milky Way.;;spiral (galaxy)
;;Its authors descended from three lordly lineages, one of which was the Greathouses, of whom we know the least.  The fourth part of this text features a trial in the House of Bats, in which one of the heroes is decapitated.  It was first recorded in the 16th-century, while being recited by an unknown native songster.  Its authors wanted to use its Oher Tzih, or "Ancient Word," as a teaching tool, leading to an alternate title of Book of the Council.  Including such memorable sites as Xibalba and such characters as the Hero Twins, FTP, name this sacred account of the Quiche [KEE-chay] people, which has served as the primary source of Mayan myth.;;Popol Vuh (POH(-)pol) (VOO)
;;The lyrics to this song, which was used in the movie Babe: Pig in the City, were written by Salvatore Cammarano and it was first sung publicly in 1853.  The scene in which appears is set at the base of the mountains of Biscaglia and it immediately precedes the aria "Stide la vampa."  The piece begins by noting the dark and gloomy night and during its most famous section the group sings, "Chi del gitano i giorni abbella?" or loosely translated "who makes the gypsy's day bright?"  FTP, name this famous Verdi Chorus from Il Trovatore, which employs a forging tool as an instrument.;;Anvil Chorus|Vedi! le fosche notturne spogli
;;His first real friend is Redfearn's Tom, but in a fit of rage this character kills Tom after Tom rapes Hedda.  He is called the Grand Tutor of the Revised New Syllabus, and when he is rescued as a baby from the West Campus Automatic Computer's belly by George, the only thing on his person is a card that reads "Pass All, Fail All."  He then goes to live with Max Spielman, who raises him as one of this book's titular animals.  FTP, name this product of computerized eugenics, the title character of a novel by John Barth.;;Giles (Goat(-)boy)
;;One of its leaders rose to power following the removal of Celophon.  After two aborted attempts to overthrow it, its members were exiled to Eleusis in the wake of defeat on the hill of Munychia by Thrasybulus.  During its rule, it limited the number of citizens allowed to carry weapons or receive a jury trial and hundreds were ordered to drink hemlock by the leader Critias.  Established in the wake of the Athenian defeat at Aegospotomai, FTP, name this harsh Athenian oligarchy composed of Tharamenes, Critias, and twenty-eight associates.;;Thirty Tyrants
;;Using a cathode to generate electrons, which are then shot through a tube containing the gas being studied, its namesakes were able to cause inelastic collisions. They deduced that energy transfer only occurs in constant intervals that correspond to a critical potential of 4.9 volts in the case of mercury. As a result Bohr's hypothesis that atomic energy levels were quantized was confirmed.  FTP, name this 1914 physics experiment conducted by two men who would win the 1925 Nobel in Physics as a result.;;Franck(-)Hertz (Experiment)
;;During his college career he earned the nickname of "Fresh Prince of Hawk Hill."  He made a big splash his first year, winning the National Freshmen of the Year Award and teaming up with scoring wizard Melvin O'Connor to take number one seed Stanford to overtime in the second round of the NCAAs in 2001.  The highest ever drafted player produced by Phil Martelli's program, he was picked ahead of teammate Delonte West in this year's draft.  FTP, name this diminutive point guard who led Saint Joseph's University to a perfect regular season this past season.;;(Jameer) Nelson
;;Rudolf Carnap espoused the adjudication criterion as an alternative to it, which is by definition not applicable to tautologies. In Language, Truth, and Logic, AJ Ayer suggested that any metaphysical statement is meaningless because it is not subject to this principle, for which he distinguished between the strong and weak versions. Finally shown to be supplanted by a new principle in the Logic of Scientific Discovery, FTP, name this doctrine espoused by Logical Positivists and eclipsed by Popper's formulation of falsifiability.;;verification (principle)|verifiability
;;One of this novel's characters writes 1500 publishable words an hour by "getting in touch" with his "subconscious."  It begins with the protagonist's train journey to the titular abode, where we learn of his plan to write a novel on love and art and where ha has an affair with Anne, whose uncle owns said abode.  That uncle is writing a memorable "History of" of his estate and hosts such bizarre guests as Mr. Barbecue-Smith.  Of course that uncle, Henry Wimbush, is equally strange to this novel's protagonist, Denis Stone.  FTP, name this satire of Victorian living, a colorfully-titled work by Aldous Huxley.;;Crome Yellow
;;Sociologist Robert Michaels first noted the concept of goal-displacement during a study of this organization.  Members who are younger than 35 are organized in Jusos.  Considering itself to have been founded in 1863, in 1932 it campaigned against Thalmann, Papen, and Hitler, but was suppressed in 1933.  It re-arose in 1946 under the leadership of Kurt Schumacher and took the chancellorship under Willy Brandt.  FTP, name this European Political Party, whose members include Gerhard Schroder, the current German Chancellor.;;(German) Social Democrats|SPD|Sozialdemokratische Partei (Deutschlands)
;;Schauder's Theorem predicts the existence of a fixed point for a compact operator over a bounded, closed, convex, non-empty subset of this type of space.  By definition, this construct is closed under vector addition and scalar multiplication, and every Cauchy sequence in it is convergent.  One example of this topology is the Hilbert space on which an inner product gives its norm.  FTP, name this complete normed vector space central to functional analysis and named for a Polish mathematician.;;Banach (Space)
;;It begins and ends with music and ballroom dancing.  This play is frequently interrupted by calls from a hospital where one of its title characters' drunken father is being treated for his amputated leg.  It is set in George's Park Tearoom in Port Elizabeth, and its three main characters are a waiter, a kitchen helper, and the tearoom's white owner.  The climax of the play comes when the owner Hally spits in Sam the waiter's face, but Sam reacts in a dignified manner, shaming Hally into leaving the room.  FTP, name this play about race relations in South Africa by Athol Fugard.;;Master Harold and the Boys
;;Boscobel is the site of its royal summerhouse, which has become a nudist colony since the revolution.  Its cities include the port of Kalixhaven and the capital, Onhava.  Among its royalty were King Alfin the Vague, who died in a plane crash; Duke Conmal, a noted translator of Timon of Athens; and its final king, Charles Xavier the Beloved, who befriended an American poet while in residence at Wordsmith College.  FTP, identify this homeland of Charles Kinbote in Vladimir Nabokov's Pale Fire, whose name is related to the Russian for "land.".;;Zembla
;;Much of the important work on these structures was performed by Blackburn in yeast and by Cech in Tetrahymena.  In vivo, they associate with such proteins as TRF1, TRF2, and DNA repair proteins to form a distinctive looped structure.  In vertebrates, their maintenance can be controlled by the estrogen receptor signaling pathway, and they consist of hexameric repeats of TTAGGG.  FTP, name these structures found at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.;;telomeres
;;He hated life on his Turtle Bay farm, since his unbalanced wife Mary insisted on a diet inspired by Sylvester Graham and harassed guests who didn't believe in phrenology and ghosts.  An investor in the utopian community at Red Bank, New Jersey, he served one term as a Whig congressman from New York, signed the bail bond of Jefferson Davis, ran for president in 1872 as a Liberal Republican, and founded The New York Tribune.  FTP, name this journalist, who never really urged a reader to "Go west, young man.".;;(Horace) Greeley
;;It includes sub sections such as "Tootle: a Cautionary Tale" and "Tales of Norm and 'Abnorm'" in its fourth chapter, entitled "Storytellers as Tutors in Technique."  17 years after it's release Bob Dylan incorporated its title into the song "I Shall Be Released."  Reuel Denny and Nathan Glazer collaborated with the author, who frequently cited Tocqueville, suggested that people must be more willing to negotiate if modern society was to prosper, and coined the terms "tradition-directed," "inner-directed" and "other-directed."  FTP, name this 1950 book by David Riesman.;;(The) Lonely Crowd
;;Discrepancies in measurements of its pair production at the Tevatron from theoretical expectations might be explained if it has a light superpartner.  It is tagged by its long lifetime, and detecting it well could be crucial for finding the Higgs boson. Evidence for it was first seen in 1977 with the discovery of the upsilon particle, and at present the BaBar experiment at SLAC studies mesons containing this quark.  FTP, what is this second heaviest of the quarks, occurring in a weak doublet with the top quark?.;;b (quark)|bottom (quark)
;;In this work, a woman summons a ghost to murder the miller after he divorces his wife for committing adultery.  The priest Zatchlas then resurrects Thelyphron, a citizen of Hypata, who testifies that his adulterous wife poisoned him, and the witch Meroe murders her former lover Socrates, and then places a sponge in his throat, casting a spell to magically reanimate him until he encounters fresh water.  Referred to by its author as a Milesian tale, it contains tales heard by its protagonist before his initiation into the Isis cult.  FTP, name this novel that also contains the tale of Cupid and Psyche, a work by Lucius Apuleius.;;(The) Golden Ass|(The) Metamorphoses (of) (Lucius)|Asineus Aureus
;;A Carmelite friar named Domingo Ruzola urged the victorious general to ignore his lieutenants and launch an attack on November 8.  Maximilian of Bavaria supplied most of the winning force, which crushed the 15,000-man Estates Army despite a heroic cavalry charge by Christian of Anhalt.  The battle resulted in the defeat of Jindrich Mathias Thurn and the abdication of Frederick, the "Winter King" of Bohemia.  FTP, name this 1620 victory for Tilly's Catholic League, which took place on a hilly site just outside Prague.;;(Battle) (of) White Mountain
;;Though no men appear on stage, two are mentioned; Mario is the milkman, and Monsieur has recently been released from prison, though he has committed no crime.  Red velvet appears several times in this play; at the end, a red curtain is raised as Madame gets in her car, and earlier, a red velvet dress is the source of conflict between Claire and Solange.  FTP, name this play in which two sisters conspire to murder their employer, a work by Jean Genet.;;(The) Maids|(Les) bonnes
;;He wrote "obit anus, abit onus" on the death certificate of an old woman whom he had to pay an allowance after throwing her down a flight of stairs. He built upon Leibniz, writing his doctoral thesis on "Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason," but he was most widely known during his lifetime for such works as The Basis of Morality and his book of aphorisms, Parerga und Paralipomena.  However, his fame rests on a four-volume work that draws in some measure from his admiration of Eastern philosophy and "philosophy of pessimism."  FTP, name this German author of The World as Will and Idea?.;;(Arthur) Schopenhauer
;;His Great Uncle Algie nearly drowned him by pushing him off the end of Blackpool Pier, and then accidentally dropped him out of an upstairs window.  Algie later made it up to him by buying him a special plant he found in Assyria, the mimbulus mimbletonia-which, conveniently enough, both encouraged this forgetful Gryffindor's interest in herbology and helped him remember the password to his Hogwarts common room.  FTP, name this timid friend of Harry Potter.;;Neville (Longbottom)
;;His greatest campaign may have been the surprise attack on Suthul, during which he captured the entire royal treasury in his region.  His tumultuous rule would end with the succession of his mentally challenged half-brother, Gauda.  He took power in the capital, Cirta, after a power struggle with his cousins Hiempsal and Adherbal following the death of his adopted father, Micipsa.  After war with Spurius Postumius Albinus, he was betrayed by Bocchus of Mauretania, who handed him over to Sulla.  FTP, name this king of Numidia and famous adversary of Gaius Marius.;;Jugurtha
;;The epigraph of this poem comes from Shakespeare's Measure for Measure, and many of the poem's lines reference A.C. Benson's biography of Edward Fitzgerald as well as The Education of Henry Adams.  In a famous passage, the narrator responds to the question "after such knowledge, what forgiveness?" by considering the nature of history, which he personifies as a woman.  FTP, the narrator concludes the passage with "these tears are shaken from the wrath-bearing tree" in what 1920 poem by TS Eliot?.;;Gerontion
;;According to Serre's conjecture, or the Quillen-Suslin theorem, this condition on modules over a polynomial ring over a field implies the module is free.  For modules, it is equivalent to being a direct summand of a free module.  There are also spaces with this name, of which Grassmannians are a generalization. The fundamental group of the real type of these spaces, (in dimension greater than one, is always Z2.  FTP, what is this term applied to spaces in which points that are scalar multiples of one another are identified?.;;projective
;;The heroine of this novel writes a poem entitled "The Sea Nymph," in which the character of Poseidon is representative of the villain.  Among the sites visited in the course of a year of travel are Aunt Cheron's seaside house and Venice during the time of the Carnival.  Yet it is in the convent of St. Clair that the story becomes clear, though it is the title location that proves to be the epicenter of the action.  The heroine is taken to that location by the villainous Montoni and it is there that she is reunited with the heroic chevalier Valancourt.  FTP, name this novel concerning the adventures of Emily St. Aubert, a Gothic work by Ann Radcliffe.;;(The) Mysteries of Udolpho
;;She was the prize in a contest in which the victor had to hit the eye of a spinning fish with an arrow, while only looking at a reflection.  Called Yajnaseni because she was born from a sacrificial fire, she was the ever-desired daughter of the king of Panchala.  One myth of her creation states that in a previous incarnation as Nalyani, she asked Shiva for a husband, repeating her request several times in order to be heard.  FTP, identify this polyandrous woman who appears in the Mahabarata as the consort of the five Pandavas.;;Draupadi
;;Its main fighting force was known as the Land Freedom Army, featuring swords known as simi, whips known as kiboko, and soft-iron machetes known as panga.  Colonial Secretary Oliver Lyttleton declared a state of emergency in 1952 in response to the actions of the so-called General China and his allies Dedan Kimathi and Stanley Methengi, who rallied members of the Embu, Meru, and Kikuyu tribes in opposition to British rule.  FTP, name this Kenyan uprising.;;Mau Mau (Uprising)
;;The key discovery was that Na3AlF6, with a melting point of about a thousand degrees Celsius, is a good conducting medium in which the input to this process can be dissolved. This mineral, found in Greenland, is called cryolite. The inventors of this process, working independently, both made their discovery at a young age. As late as 1852 the end product cost $545 per pound, despite being the third most common element in the earth's crust; the process quickly changed this.  FTP, what is this electrolytic method of producing aluminum?.;;Hall(-)Heroult process
;;A later group with the same name supported Maximilian I against Charles VII of France. Among their weaker members was the Montrefelto family and Ezzelino da Romano. They first appeared as a unified force under the banner of Philip of Swabia, who opposed Otto of Brunswick, and they later supported Conrad IV and the Sicilian king Manfred. Eventually dying out while their rivals split into Black and White factions, this is, FTP, what medieval group that supported the Hohenstaufen dynasty, the rivals of the Guelphs?.;;Ghibellines
;;The state vector and projection forms of this equation can be derived from the Sturm-Liouville theory.  In cases where no analytical solution can be found, Monte Carlo methods, Hartree-Fock solutions, or perturbation theory must be used.  Incorporating special relativity into it yields the more general Dirac equation.  Containing i, Planck's constant, and the Hamiltonian in its bra-ket form, this is, FTP, what fundamental equation that describes the time-dependence of the wave function in quantum mechanics?.;;Schroedinger (wave) (equation)
;;This man authored Eisenhower's quote that "Freedom means the freedom to fail as well as to succeed."  His work was later revived by Jeffrey Alexander under the name of "neofunctionalism."  He'd gone out of favor for his overarching "grand theory," which divided society into the four "functional imperatives" of adaptation, attainment, integration and latency. Better known is his advocacy of a structural-functional analysis of society, dividing social stratification into ascribed and achieved status, as seen in 1951's The Social System.  FTP, name this American sociologist, who sought to derive from Weber, Pareto and Durkheim an "action theory" in his The Structure of Social Action.;;(Talcott) Parsons
;;Formed in 1980 in Los Angeles, their debut album, How Could Hell Be Any Worse, was successful locally, but it wasn't until 1988 that Suffer earned them national attention.  After leaving their old label for Atlantic, they produced the albums The Gray Race and No Substance.  After Brett Guerewitz rejoined in 2001, the band resigned with his Epitaph Records.  FTP, name this band led by Greg Graffin best known for albums such as Against the Grain, Recipe For Hate, and Stranger Than Fiction, and for singles such as American Jesus and 21st Century Digital Boy.;;Bad Religion
;;A comic interlude occurs in this play when one of the title characters sings a song about how methane has made him vomit up Ganymede to Missionary Oskar Rose, his wife, and their children.  Earlier, one of the title characters tells Inspector Voss that he should have himself executed for having turned a light switch on and off.  Two nuns have supposedly been strangled by Herbert Georg Beutler and Ernst Heinrich Ernesti, and Mobius is continually haunted by visions of King Solomon.  By the end we learn that the head of the asylum Les Cerisiers, Fraulein Doktor Mathilde von Zahnd is manipulating the title characters of, FTP, what Friedrich Durrenmatt play about mental patients who think they are Einstein and Newton?.;;(The) Physicists|(Die) Physiker
;;The content of the original one is only known due to a copy sent for safekeeping to Geneva.  It was comprised of four basic texts, which included 56 "particulars," or secret articles, and the primary text of 90 articles largely drawn from recent peace treaties.  An unforeseen consequence was the system of "dragonnades," whereby soldiers could be billeted in such protected areas as La Rochelle.  Its political privileges were taken away by the Peace of Alais 31 years later and it was completely revoked by the Declaration of Fontainbleau in 1685.  FTP, name this decree promulgated in 1598 to define the rights of Huguenots.;;Edict of Nantes
;;The largest type of landform exhibiting this is known as a polje, and smaller ones are known as dolines or karren.  The tower or Fenlin type can be seen in the Guizhou and Guangxi provinces of China, and the entire Bahaman and Greek islands are subject to this phenomenon. Generally consisting of a floor of alluvium masking a limestone floor beveled flat by planar corrosion, it mostly occurs in soluble rocks such as salt, gypsum and dolostone.  FTP, identify this type of terrain that is characterized by underground rivers, sinkholes, and caves, and which is named for a region of the Balkans.;;karst (topography)
;;His daughter Manto advised the Thebans to placate Leto when Niobe disparaged her.  He came by his two most distinguishing features either when he angered Hera and pleased Zeus by stating that women enjoy sex three times more than men, or when his ears were licked clean by the serpent Erechthonius after he had seen Athena bathing.  Another time, when he either judged the Grace Cale to be more beautiful than Aphrodite or killed a female serpent with his staff, he was turned into a loose woman for seven years.  FTP, name this blind seer whose warnings were not heeded by Oedipus.;;Tiresias
;;Among his piano works are Quiet Contemplation on an Autumn Evening, Reminiscence, and the Lancer Quadrille.  His experience as a youth in boy's choirs and his studies at the St. Florian monastery likely influenced his sacred choral works, which included a setting of Psalm 150, a Te Deum, and a series of Ave Maria motets. He released his Symphony No. 1 in separate "Linz" and "Vienna" revisions and pulled his Symphony No. 0 from public performance due to heavy criticism.  FTP, name this composer of nine numbered symphonies, including Symphony No. 4, "The Romantic.".;;(Anton) Bruckner
;;This work's male protagonist encounters the bureaucratic motto, "How not to do it," while investigating an employee's family at the Circumlocution Office, where he meets Mr. Meagles, as well as his future business partner Daniel Doyce.  With the aid of Mr. Pancks, he discovers William to be the heir to a large fortune and saves him from the Marshalea.  Though the banker Merdle scams both the protagonist and the titular family out of their wealth, the novel ends on a high note with the marriage of Arthur Clenham to the title character in, FTP, what Charles Dickens novel, whose title character is a debtor's daughter named Amy?.;;Little Dorrit
;;Smedley Butler gave several inflammatory speeches before it and was approached by some Fascists to take over its leadership.  Much of the blame for its violent end was hoisted upon Ralph Furley, then Secretary of War, who was simply following the President's orders.  It was organized in Portland, Oregon under the leadership of Walter Waters and became most aggressive after the defeat of the Patman Bill in the Senate.  FTP, name this group of disgruntled American veterans that, in 1932, protested the government's refusal to disburse some extra cash to them.;;Bonus Army|Bonus Expeditionary Force
;;Anionic ones like sodium dodecyl sulfate are used to promote the photoionization of aminopyrene and phenothiazine. In the case of two long alkyl chains, a vesicle structure forms rather than one of these, due to geometric constraints. They mainly take the form of spheres, disks, or rods, and usually contain about 50 to 100 amphipathic molecules altogether. Forming above the CMC, these are, FTP, what colloidal aggregates that are formed in surfactants and give them their emulsifying properties?.;;micelles|micellae
;;In his essay, "The Storyteller," this critic discusses at length the practicality of Nikolai Leskov's fables, and he discusses the experiments that he and such compatriots as Ernst Bloch and Fritz Frankel conducted with marijuana in On Hashish.  In one of his most famous images, he describes a being swept unceasingly forward by the winds of time, yet who always looks back at the past over his shoulder.  That account of the "angel of history" appears in his collected essays, Illuminations.  FTP, name this Frankfurt school thinker, the author of The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.;;(Walter) Benjamin (ben(-)YA(-)meen)
;;He was discovered when Andre Breton went to buy his daughter some ribbons at the haberdashery where this author worked.  He employs such Marxist platitudes as "at the bottom of capitalism, there is Hitler" in his political tract, Discourse on Colonialism.  However, the Rebel is criticized by the Mother for having killed his master and father in Et les chiens se taisaient [tehz-eh], illustrating the more complex angle taken by this author on the master-slave relationship in such works as A Tempest, his adaptation of the Shakespeare play.  FTP, name this longtime mayor of Fort-de-France, the surrealist poet of Return to My Native Land, and Martinican proponent of negritude.;;(Aime(-)Fernand) Cesaire
;;One of his most vivid childhood memories was of secretly eating toothpaste.  He is the son of a carnival worker and Milly Hines, though he is raised by Mr. McEachern.  He worked at the mill, bootlegged whiskey at night, and roomed with Joe Brown.  It was Brown, who was actually Lucas Burch, who turned this man in for the murder of his lover, the widow Burden, and revealed that this man was actually a mulatto.  Escaping from jail, he fled to Reverend Gail Hightower's house and was there castrated and killed by Percy Grimm.  FTP, name this protagonist of William Faulkner's Light in August.;;(Joe) Christmas
;;During the 1960's it was last used in court as evidence of property rights.  Written in Latin and covering the area south of the rivers Ribble and Tees, one of the more fascinating observations to be made from this work is that property values barely rose over a 20-year period within a 10 mile radius of Senlac Field; probably because the local population had all been killed in battle.  Its "Little" version was an addendum covering East Anglia.  Including such statistical categories as mills, bakeries, farms, pigs and cows, it also lists about two million people.  FTP, name this 1086 census compilation, commissioned by William the Conqueror.;;Domesday (Book)
;;Given the temperature and pressure of a gas, the Beattie-Bridgeman Equation of State can be used to calculate this function.  Equivalent to the specific Gibbs function or to chemical potential, it is the measure of the "real concentration" of a gas.  Linearly proportional to the concentration, its eponymous coefficient is set at one for an ideal gas, since it is then identical to partial pressure.  FTP, name this escaping tendency of a gas that is symbolized by a lowercase "f.".;;fugacity
;;This deity is synonymous with the Sumerian Belet-ili and the Canaanite Baalat.  Nippur-bowls were engraved with incantations against her but the first sure literary reference is in the story of "Gilgamesh and the Huluppu-Tree."  The Greeks called her daughters the Empusae, or Lamiae, and in the 8th-century AD Alphabet of Ben Sirah, followed by some stories in the Zohar, she is described as Adam's first wife.  FTP, name this woman described in the Talmud as a demoness with wings.;;Lilith
;;According to the author's "Preface", this play was written while lounging in the Baths of Caracalla.  The second act is a long interlude in which Asia and Pantheus converse before seeking Demogorgon's guidance.  Their rebellious plan is implemented when Hercules is borne up in a "Car" along with the Spirit of the Hour and Jupiter loses his power.  It builds upon the story of a disclosure to Jupiter of the threat posed by the marriage of Peleus and Thetis, which brought about the release of the prisoner from a rocky crag in the Caucasus.  FTP, name this recreation of an Aeschylus play by Percy Shelley, about a freed fire-bringer.;;Prometheus Unbound
;;Early in his career he became a favorite of Poppaea Sabina and with her assistance procured from Nero the release of several of his former colleagues.  His writings were heavily influenced by Nicholas of Damascus, especially his Autobiography.  He defended against the attacks of an Alexandrian grammarian in his Against Apion, which he wrote after hiding in a cistern in order to survive the siege of Jotapata.  However, it is for his Antiquities and an account of his defeat and subsequent elevation by Vespasian that he is best known.  FTP, name this turncoat general and Jewish historian author of the Bellum Judaicum or Jewish War.;;(Flavius) Josephus
;;When this concept was empirically verified, the proving experiment also gave the electron spin g-factor as 2.0023.  Although the Schrodinger Equation states that the energy levels of a hydrogen electron depend only upon the principal quantum number, a physicist noticed that the 2p(1/2) state of the hydrogen electron was slightly lower than that of the 2s(1/2) state and theorized this phenomenon to explain the discrepancy.  Defined as the electron interaction with the zero-point energy of the quantized electromagnetic field, FTP, name this eponymous "shift".;;Lamb (Shift)
;;He was the winner of the inaugural NBA celebrity slam-dunk competition at the 2000 All Star game.  He has also dabbled in track, running the anchor leg of the 4 x 100 meter relay team in his senior year at the University of Tennessee Chattanooga.  However it was as a football star that he was drafted in 1996.  His new team hopes that he will greatly improve upon the production of Todd Pinkston and James Thrash and acquired him, along with Jevon Kearse, in the offseason.  FTP, name this NFL star, who was briefly traded to the Baltimore Ravens amidst a contract fiasco, the controversial former receiver of the San Francisco 49ers and new Philadelphia Eagle.;;(Terrell) Owens|T(-)O
;;In his work regarding this concept, Robert Dubin expanded upon Talcott Parsons' "strain theory."  In the landmark work Social Structure, another scholar associated it with the disjunction between goals and culturally acceptable means.  The theoretical framework behind this concept lies in the shift from "mechanical" to "organic" societies where as life becomes more complex, social bonds are dissolved and norms are shifted.  Although extensively revised by Robert Merton, it was formulated in The Division of Labor in Society by Emile Durkheim.  FTP, what is this state of moral deregulation?.;;anomie
;;In this novel, the protagonist's acquaintances in Africa include Alcide and Lieutenant Grappa, but it is in New York that he looks up his ex-girlfriend Lola.  Also noteworthy are Parapine and Baryton, but it is after meeting Robinson that the protagonist moves to Detroit to work in a Ford factory.  The moment of greatest pathos occurs when Robinson dies in a Paris slum where the protagonist had gone to work as a doctor.  Along with its sequel, Death on the Installment Plan, this story of the nihilist Ferdinand Bardamu is considered to be the best example of between-the-wars Parisian argot.  FTP, name this profane novel by Louis-Ferdinand Celine.;;Journey to the End of Night|Voyage au Bout de la Nuit
;;Born with the name Jeronimo, his existence was kept mostly a secret until his father's death. His half-brother kept him at arm's length until he informed the king of an assassination plot by the royal heir, Carlos. For this, he was rewarded with military commands, as he drove pirates out of Gibraltar and stopped a Morisco rebellion.  In his greatest achievement he was granted command of a multinational fleet including forces from the pope, several Italian states, and Spain.  FTP, name this half-brother of Philip II who defeated the Turks in 1571 at Lepanto and was often referred to as being "of Austria.".;;Don John (of) (Austria)|Don Juan
;;Its identified transcription factors are Krox-20 and P-O-U Domain Protein Oct-6.  It signals to mesenchymal cells and performs the same function in the Peripheral Nervous System that oligodendrocytes perform in the Central Nervous System, namely, it synthesizes a certain lipoprotein.  Surrounded by a basal lamana and derived from neural crest cells, it is still considered to be a neuroglial cell.  Situated around axons attached to the Node of Ranvier, it produces a "sheath" to shield those axons.  FTP, identify this myelinating cell named for its German discoverer.;;Schwann (Cell)
;;The best complete text is considered to be the Amiatinus which like most of the oldest texts, includes the Epistle to the Laodiceans.  Based on the Textus Receptus, the Hexapla of Origen, the Masoretic text and other sources, its editor made two versions, the "Gallicana" and the "Romana."  Though it is the "Clementine" edition that is standard today.  Revised by Theodulf and Alcuin, printed by Gutenberg, and made official by the Council of Trent, it was commissioned by Pope Damasus and translated by Jerome.  FTP, identify this Latin text of the Bible, standard for over a thousand years.;;(the) Vulgate|(Versio) Vulgata
;;In this opera, the first recitative sung by the main character is followed by her "Casta Diva" to the moon goddess.  The protagonist, in "Teneri, teneri figli," considers killing her sleeping children, while the admission "Son io" or "It is I" brings about Oroveso leading the central lovers to their death.  Based on an Alexandre Soumet play, its libretto was written in two acts by Felice Romani, who was most proud of the love duet, "Va crudele, al dio spietato," which is sung by Adalgisa and Pollione.  Set in the forest and temple of Irminsul in Gaul, FTP, name this opera about the title druidess and the Romans, composed by Vincenzo Bellini.;;Norma|(La) Foresta d'Irminsul
;;Graham Greene, in his memoir, Ways of Escape, noted that his novel A Burnt-Out Case reflected his shared distrust of theology with this author of The Agony of Christianity and Perplexities and Paradoxes.  This writer gained in popularity after the publications of Nebla and Three Exemplary Novels and a Prologue and the essay, The Christ of Velazquez.  Known for his attacks on casticismo, one if his novels compared Ignatius of Loyola and Jesus to Don Quixote while he expressed his pessimism in The Tragic Sense of Life.   FTP, name this man who retold the Cain and Abel story in Abel Sanchez, the Basque co-founder of Generacion del 98.;;(Miguel) (de) Unamuno (y) (Jugo)
;;He refused the president's offer of an appointment as Commissioner to St. Croix after he retired to his estate Montpelier in Thomastown, Maine.  He had a bitter rivalry with Silas Deane, who favored the French officer Ducondray to replace this man in his first major post, but he was on much better terms with Timothy Pickering, who replaced him in his most famous post.  He was von Steuben's chief aide in drilling at Valley Forge, primarily in artillery.  This was due to his success, via numerous ox sleds, in bringing cannon from Ticonderoga to Boston, effecting British surrender of the city.  FTP, name this Revolutionary War officer and first American secretary of war.;;(Henry) Knox
;;Brun's Theorem is a statement concerning the ten classic integrals associated with this problem.  By use of global regularizations, Karl Sundman found a uniformly convergent infinite series involving known functions that solves the "restricted" version of this problem.  In the problem, the constant of motion is known as the Jacobi Integral and Lagrange Points are the areas where centrifugal and gravitational forces balance.  That its unrestricted version will probably never be solved was demonstrated by Poincare, well after Isaac Newton first solved it for two planets.  FTP, name this mathematical problem of gravitational interaction most commonly associated with the sun, earth and moon.;;Three(-)Body (Problem)
;;The most complete eyewitness account was written by the Reverend Charles Davy while the best contemporary pictorial representations of this event are the Le Bas series of engravings.  Mequinez was heavily hit although it occurred in the Atlantic Ocean, 200 km from Cape St. Vincent.  Most of the victims died from the spread of cooking fires as well as from the three tsunamis that swept up the Tagus.  Taking place at 9:40 a.m. on All Souls Day, 1755, it vitiated an extensive correspondence between Rousseau and Voltaire.  FTP, name this Portuguese disaster.;;(the) (Great) Lisbon Earthquake
;;At one point, the title character provokes a Frenchman into a duel by pulling his nose.  That Frenchman, the Marquis de St. Eustache, makes the same revelation as the Professor de Worms and Bull, that he is a police spy.  The poet Lucian Gregory is denounced as an intellectual anarchist at the end of this novel, whose title refers to the code name of Gabriel Syme.  FTP, name this allegorical work concerning the Central Anarchist Council by G. K. Chesterton.;;(Answer) (The) Man Who Was Thursday
;;With R.C. Lewontin, he published a paper on "The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm," which is an influential critique of the study of adaptation.  With E.S. Vrba, he proposed the process of exaptation, a process in which an organ retains its general structure while changing its function.  He co-originated the term phyletic gradualism, referring to a hypothesis that he opposed.  FTP, what man argued, along with Niles Eldridge, that the fossil record lacks transitional forms because of punctuated equilibrium?.;;(Answer) (Stephen) (J(.)) Gould
;;This work preserves the only known text of one of the most famous Sapphic odes, one imitated by Catullus.  Much of the body of the work is missing with the result that it ends disjointedly, with a chapter on the contemporary decay of eloquence.  The author of this critical work is unknown, although it has been traditionally ascribed to a teacher of Porphyry and Zenobia, who was executed by Aurelian.  Written in response to Caecilius, the first chapter describes and defines the titular concept, hypsos, followed by an account of its five sources.  FTP, name this classic work of criticism, attributed to Longinus.;;On the Sublime|On Great Writing|On the Sovereign Perfection of Great Writing|Peri Hypsos
;;Based on Balzac's The Stepmother, it was first published as The Student and then Two Women before being bowdlerized by the censors and staged under its present title in 1872.  Superbly translated for the English stage by Isaiah Berlin, comic relief is provided by the German tutor Adam Schaaf as well as by the romantic efforts of Bolshintsov and the doctor Shpigelsky.  The love triangle begins when Kolya's new tutor arrives.  Although loved by her confidant Rakitin and her husband Islayev, Natalya Petrovna competes with her ward, Verochka, for the ardor of the young tutor Belyaev.  FTP, name this Turgenev play set on a rural estate.;;(A) Month in the Country|Mesiats v Derevne
;;The subject of a notable Jan Matejko painting, this agreement was precipitated by the arrival of Jesuit missionaries and served as a replacement for the Kreva Agreement.  By its terms, a parliament of nobles known as the Seimas was created to govern the Republic of the Two Nations.  Lasting through wars with Sweden, Russia and the Ukraine, it was eventually revoked by the Constitution of 3rd May 1791 after a Russian invasion.  Originally negotiated between the Jogailia dynasty from Vilnius and King Sygmunt II Augustus, for 10 points, name this 1569 pact between Lithuania and Poland.;;(Pact) (of) Lublin
;;Among his so-called "psychological" plays are Playing With Love, Free Game, and Flight into Darkness, an on-stage depiction of oncoming insanity.  Though he occasionally branched out to social themes, as in his depiction of the social position of Jews in works like Professor Bernhardi and The Road to the Open, he is most famous for erotic-themed works like Casanova's Homecoming, Anatol, and The Merry-Go-Round.  FTP name this Austrian writer, whose Dream Novel served as the inspiration for Stanley Kubrick's Eyes Wide Shut.;;(Arthur) Schnitzler
;;Its first issue, featured a front-page editorial by its founder proclaiming, "we feel urged on in our enterprise by a sense of duty to God and man, firmly believing our effort will be crowned with entire success."  That first issue was co-edited by Martin Delany.  Circulation reached as high as 5,000 in the US, Europe and the West Indies, though it soon merged with the Liberty Party Paper of Syracuse and changed its name.  It possessed the motto "Right is of no Sex-Truth is of no Color-God is the Father of us all, and we are all brethren," and first appeared in 1847.  FTP, name this abolitionist newspaper founded by Frederick Douglass.;;(The) North Star
;;For metals, the linear term of this quantity dominates at very low temperatures, while a cubic term dominates above a few Kelvins.  For a free electron gas, it is proportional to temperature and to density of levels.  The failure of harmonic approximation explains why it does not reach 3 times n times Boltzmann's constant at high temperature, violating the law of Dulong and Petit.  At lower temperatures, it is described by the Debye and Einstein models.  FTP, name this quantity which will also raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius.;;specific heat|heat capacity
;;In this work, after being torn away from composing poems on the stories of Aesop, which he claims is in obedience to a dream, Socrates comments on how his initial enthusiasm for Anaxagoras cooled.  He then re-explains the Theory of Recollection he had at one time elaborated with Meno and goes on at length about the theory of forms.  Following that, he makes use of this and the theory of Opposites to demonstrate the logic behind his cheerfulness to his friends Simmias and Cebes, elaborating his theory of the immortality of the soul. FTP, name this dialogue narrated to Echecrates in which the title character, a witness even though Plato himself was not, describes Socrates's last conversation and subsequent death by hemlock.;;Phaedo
;;He installed a detail of the Arnolfini Wedding in one of is famous works, and painted a notable Nativity and an Annunciation, both of which feature the same plump, sandy blonde model that appears in his Virgin before a Firescreen. One of his most famous works, once a triptych whose center has been lost, is named for the donor who appears in the left wing, while Saint Barbara appears in the right reading before a fire.  This is a theme common to what may be his most famous work, which also features Joseph making a mousetrap to catch the devil. FTP, name this artist of the Werl Altarpiece and the Merode Altarpiece, who might also have been the teacher of Rogier van der Weyden.;;(The) Master of Flemalle|(Robert) Campin
;;In Gravity's Rainbow der Springer plans to make a film about this character.  While standing at the grave of his best friend, the title character follows the sound of screaming to find a woman being whipped, her hands tied behind her with her dead son's entrails.  After stabbing her tormentor and depositing her at a ranch, he meets up with his two surviving sons and engages in a night-long singing duel with a black payador, who turns out to be the son of a black man the protagonist earlier killed in a knife duel.  Written in verse in the eight-syllable lines of the payadas, or rural ballads, FTP who is this subject of a 19th-century epic of life on the Pampas by Jose Hernandez, the landmark of Gaucho literature?.;;(La) (Vuelta) (de) Martin Fierro
;;During this event a woman named Elisabeth Gaunt was burned at the stake, though it was another woman, Alice Lyle, who was the first executed.  Like most of the condemned, Lyle was beheaded and then quartered, her head displayed on a pike as the court moved from town to town.  Of the thousand or more condemned, a large number were instead sent to the colonies for labor.  Presided over by Lord Justice Jeffreys at the behest of James I to punish those suspected of supporting Monmouth's Rebellion, FTP name this series of violent show trials.;;Bloody Assizes
;;He was a fervent believer in what he called "The Book" in which he believed were contained the shortest, most beautiful proof for every conceivable mathematical problem.  He himself might have found some pages in it with his elegant proof of Chebyshev's theorem and through his work on Ramsey's theory with George Szekeres.  Though his proof of the prime number theorem with Alte Selberg would help him win the Cole Prize, Selberg's early publication of the results screwed him out of the Fields medal.  FTP, name this Israeli-Hungarian mathematician, who collaborated on over 1500 mathematics papers, thereby linking him with many great mathematicians.;;(Paul) Erdos
;;A popular spot for scuba divers, this nation sits beside the Cocos-Keeling Basin.  The One and a Half Degree Channel separates its Suvadiva and Haddummati atolls, and the word "atoll" itself is derived from a native language here.  The lowest-lying country in the world, this is, FTP, what nation of 1,192 islands and atolls in the Indian Ocean, with capital at Male [MAHL-ee]?.;;(the) Maldives
;;Among the amusing secondary characters are a boorish farmer, Trulliber, a sneaky steward, Peter Pounce, and a shrewish hostess of an inn where much of the action takes place, Mrs. Tow-wouse.  This novel's hero is forced to reject the advances of two women, one of whom is Mrs. Slipslop, after which he comes in touch with Parson Adams, who accompanies him on his journeys.  That is until he finds himself back in the parish of the Lady Booby.  FTP, name this novel that aims to tell the tale of the brother of Samuel Richardson's Pamela, a work by Henry Fielding.;;(The) (History) (of) (the) (Adventures) (of) Joseph Andrews (and) (his) (Friend(,)) (Mr(.)) (Abraham) (Adams)
;;His political career began with an appointment as governor of the Fars province in 1914.  He gained election to the national parliament, the Majlis [mazh-LEES] in 1923, though he soon resigned, not re-entering public life until 1944 to fight British control of his nation's oil industry.  After the assassination of Ali Razmara, he was appointed Prime Minister and promptly nationalized the oil industry, leading to a British Blockade.  A few years later, the CIA put Operation Ajax into action to remove him from office.  Arrested soon after exiling the Shah Reza Pahlevi in 1953, FTP who was this political leader of Iran?.;;(Mohammed) Mossadegh
;;In its second step a reversible isomerization occurs, moving the carbonyl oxygen from carbon 1 to carbon 2 in the central compound.  Its penultimate step sees the removal of water to create a high-energy enol linkage, while it is the third step in which the entry of sugars is controlled, through the regulation of phosphofructokinase.  Other involved enzymes include aldolase and hexokinase.  Its anaerobic variety does not end with the production of two molecules of pyruvate.  FTP, name this process that produces two molecules of ATP from the breakdown of glucose.;;glycolysis
;;This work in B-flat major's opening allegro is characterized by titanic chords followed by a docile lyric response, while its third movement, lasting 20 minutes, is the longest adagio part written by its composer.  Dedicated to the composer's patron Archduke Rudolph, it was composed in 1817-18, nine years before the composer's death.  The piece's final fugue includes a notation allowing players "occasional license," a reminder that Beethoven was not here concerned with the academic structures of the fugue or sonata.  FTP, name this piano sonata by Beethoven, the name of which simply refers to the German word "pianoforte.".;;Hammerklavier (acc(.)) (Sonata) (No(.)) (29)|(Opus) (106)
;;A 1443 agreement, the Cantate Domino, proposed a reunion of this sect with Rome, and was signed by its delegates and Rome's but never supported by either group's pope.  The faith's ascetic and monastic nature was stressed by its first convert, Annianus, in the first century CE, and strengthened in the second century by Clement.  It maintains several monasteries, the largest at Wadi Natrun, and is currently led by Pope Shenouda III.  FTP, name this Christian offshoot supposedly founded by St. Mark and centered in Egypt.;;Coptic (Church) (acc(.)) Copts
;;We learn that the central villain of this novel is the great-great-great grandson of John Smith.  That villain had earlier dressed up as a woman to flee town for killing a man, which he does with a precious Indian knife that he stole from another murderer.  The central plot conceit arises due to Cecil Burleigh Essex's illicit affair with Roxana, and is also somewhat mirrored by the story of Luigi and Angelo, two Italian twins recently arrived in Dawson's Landing.  The switching of Tom Driscoll and Chambers, a black and white baby, at birth is at the heart of, FTP, what Mark Twain novel?.;;Pudd'nhead Wilson
;;It was perpetrated by a short-term volunteer militia known as the "Hundred Dazers" and grew out of Governor John Evans' order to increase settlement.  As a result of an invitation from Major Scott Anthony an unsuspecting group was camped 40 miles north of Fort Lyon.  Within days Colonel John Chivington led a punitive expedition against those who had arrived, despite news that Black Kettle had already surrendered.  FTP, identify this 1864 massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho in the Colorado Territory near the namesake stream.;;Sand Creek
;;After a period of inactivity brought on by an attack on him in "A Short View of the Profaneness and Immorality of the English Stage" by Jeremy Collier, this man returned to writing with the plays The Country House and The Confederacy.  He also dabbled in other areas, using skills learned from Nicholas Hawksmoor to design Castle Howard and the Open House on the Haymarket.  By then he was already famous for his homoerotic sequel to Colley Cibber's Love's Last Shift entitled The Relapse.  FTP, name this man, perhaps best-known for his design of Blenheim Palace.;;(Sir) (John) Vanbrugh
;;The 11th pick in the 1992 NBA Draft, this small forward averaged 4.8 points per game in 81 appearances this year, a career low.  In 1996 he was one of three players traded to Phoenix for Charles Barkley, though he spent only one year there before moving further west for eight seasons.  A member of the talented 1992 Alabama team that included Latrell Sprewell and James "Hollywood" Robinson, he has never put up big numbers but has become famous for clutch shots in the playoffs, like his dagger against the Sacramento Kings in Game 6 of a 2002 playoff series.  FTP, name this man who won five NBA championship rings with the Rockets and Lakers, whom he left for the Spurs this past season?.;;(Robert) Horry
;;The author unusually uses a style name to refer to its characters, for example referring a protagonist as "the lord with the magnificent beard."  The novel contains digressions like the story of Guan Yu's monk, who saves him from an assassination attempt and the love affair between the warrior Lu Po and the beauty Tiao Shan.  The action of the novel begins with the Oath of the Peach Orchard, and culminates in the Battle of Yi Ling, where Liu Bei's army is destroyed.  He himself had earlier defeated the General Cao Cao, who rules the Wei.  FTP, name this novel about the decline of the Han dynasty, written by Lo Kuan Chung.;;Romance of the Three Kingdoms
;;The positions here commanded Swedes Ford and Matson's Ford.  Muhlenberg's brigade defended the outer perimeter and headquarters were made at Isaac Potts' house.  It was occupied after forces left White Marsh via Gulph Mills where a bridge was built over the Schuylkill River.  Later assisted by gingerbread baker Christopher Ludwig, for three months troops subsisted on cold water and firecake under the supervision of Quartermaster Generals Thomas Mifflin and Nathanael Greene.  Despite starvation and disease, training improved the Continental Army's skillz at, FTP, what 1777-1778 Pennsylvania campsite?.;;Valley Forge
;;It can be derived in the limit of small potentials from a linearized form of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Lars Onsager published a correction to this theory that includes the effects of Brownian motion. An important parameter in this theory is the screening length named for one of its two namesakes; that screening length parametrizes the effects of the counterion atmosphere which collects around macroions in solution. FTP, identify this theory of strong electrolytes, named for its two discoverers.;;Debye(-)Huckel (theory) (of) (electrolytes)
;;The section of "Maxims and Arrows" begins with the claim that idleness is the beginning of all psychology, and A Psychologist's Idleness was the work's original title.  The section on "Four Great Errors" denies God in order to redeem the world, while "How the 'True World' Finally Became a Fable" traces the history of another error from Plato to positivism.  The preface is dated from Turin on September 30, 1888, the day when the first book of the Revaluation of All Values was completed.  FTP, name this book by Friderich Nietzsche, whose title parodies the title of a work by Wagner.;;Twilight of the Idols(,) (or(,)) (How) (One) (Philosophizes) (with) (a) (Hammer)|() Gotzen(-)Dammerung
;;The second part includes the story of Akulka's husband, while the first part features Baklushin's story as well as sections on "new acquaintances" and "desperate men."  It purports to be a manuscript written by Aleksandr Petrovich Goryanchikov, a nobleman who became a convict deportee of the second category after murdering his wife.  The book was published in the newspaper Russian World in 1860, six years after its author finished serving a sentence for his role in the Petrashevist conspiracy.  FTP, name this book about life in a Siberian prison by Fyodor Dostoyevsky.;;(The) House of the Dead|Notes from the House of the Dead
;;Bordered by the vallum on the south, it divided the Brigantes tribes.  Those stationed there were strong devotees in the cult of Disciplina.  It was damaged during the uprising of the Maeatae but repaired by Governor Alfenius Senecio.  Interspersed with equidistant posts known as "milecastles," it is now known that contrary to popular belief the principal building material was sod, not stone.  Stretching from the Tyne River to Solway Firth, FTP, identify this barrier across Britain named after the Roman emperor who ruled from 117 to 138.;;Hadrian's Wall
;;This process is categorized as primary or secondary depending on whether it begins with a bare substrate, and involves a number of intermediate stages known as seres. Early seres are usually characterized by opportunistic species with population growth rates close to the intrinsic rate of increase.  Species in the early seres can exhibit facilitation; allowing for the entry of new species in the next stage of this process. In traditional views, it results in a stable climax community.  FTP, name this observed transition in species composition in ecological communities.;;(ecological) succession
;;It was first sold in the United States when Henry Schacht started exporting it from Delaware, and at one time it was served in bars throughout America to induce thirst.  Colbert organized its production in France in the Gironde, while the first found reference to it is found in the writing of Batu Khan.  Typically eaten with sour cream and small round pancakes known as "blini", varieties of it include Servuga, and Osetra.  FTP, identify this food item found in sturgeon, whose finest variety comes from Russia.;;Caviar
;;It was published in Reader's Digest as the magazine's featured condensed book in 1945, influencing soldiers returning from war.  Ironically beginning with a quote from FDR, chapters include "Who, Whom?" and "Material Conditions and Ideal Ends."  Central to the argument is notion of information flow, the idea that a market can receive feedback on what needs to be produced.  The author argues that other forms of economic planning cause not only inefficiency, but lead to "The End of Truth" and Nazism.  FTP, name this classic libertarian work that argues that central planning inevitably leads to tyranny, written by Friedrich von Hayek.;;(The) Road to Serfdom
;;It includes a poem in which an orchard is told to "dread fifty above more than fifty below," "Good-by and Keep Cold."  It is unclear whether a whiteness at the bottom of a well is truth or a pebble of quartz in "For Once, Then, Something," while a meteor is used to build a wall in "A Star in a Stone-Boat."  The volume concludes with "The Need of Being Versed in Country Things," and begins with a long poem about a state in which the lofty land is taunted with little men.  FTP, identify this collection of poems, which also includes "Fire and Ice" and "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening," named for the state in which Robert Frost lived.;;New Hampshire
;;It was organized at meetings in the Church of Santa Maria dei Battilani and included men like Bernardo Velluti and Alessandro di Niccolai.  An attempt to rally the people of San Frediano with the cry "long live the guilds, and death to the tyrants!" failed as had the Committee of Eight Saints, leading to the rise of Giovanni de Medici.  It installed Michele di Lando as gonfoloniere of justice, but his regime was short-lived as the major guilds reasserted their power and abolished the newly created wool-carders guild.  FTP, name this 1378 uprising of the Florentine cloth workers.;;Ciompi (revolt)
;;Signals from these objects show glitches that are thought to be caused by quakes, which change their moments of inertia.  Recovery after a glitch can take weeks to months, implying that they have superfluid cores.  They often have a braking index of less than 3, in contrast to the value of 3 predicted by the simple misaligned dipole rotator model. It is thought that their fast surface rotation speeds generate strong electric fields that rip plasma off their surfaces; the plasma goes spiraling along non-reconnecting magnetic field lines, generating sprays of beamed synchrotron radiation.  FTP, name these magnetized, rapidly-spinning neutron stars.;;pulsars|pulsating radio sources
;;Except for the fifth song, entitled "The Lime Tree," this collection was condemned for its pessimism, and the composer's friends thought that it contributed to his death the year after it was composed.  The 23rd song, "The Phantom Suns," is followed by the last song, "The Hurdy-Gurdy Man."  Four years before the composer wrote it, he had written music for another group of poems by Wilhelm Muller, Die schone Mullerin.  FTP, name this sequence of songs for baritone and piano, a work of Franz Schuber meant to describe the titular season.;;Winterreise|(the) Winter Journey
;;When he first saw his future wife, she appeared to him as a woman in a gold dress on an uncatchable white horse.  By then he had already defeated the underworld lord Hafgan as the final task in his yearlong penance under Arawn, the king of the underworld.  He eventually married the maiden in the gold dress and took her back to his kingdom of Dyfed after seven years.  In those seven years, his son Pryderi had become lost and found.  FTP, name this hero from the Mabinogion and husband of Rhiannon.;;Pwyll
;;Among the notable songs in this play are "Jog on, jog on, the foot-path way" and "When daffodils begin to peer."  Despite the truth of the news Dion and Cleomenes bring back from the Delphic oracle, one character is unwilling to believe his wife innocent of adultery and imprisons her, where she gives birth to a daughter and apparently dies.  However, before the plays end, which features the engagement of Paulina and Camillo, we learn that the queen, Hermione, had not died but is a living statue.  FTP, name this play that also features the love of Florizel and Perdita, a work of William Shakespeare.;;(The) Winter's Tale
;;The defendant in this case had railed against the "Moloch of Militarism" and had taken exception to special status granted to the Quakers.  It was tied in with another case, Baer v. US, and resulted in the court upholding the defendant's conviction.  At issue was a possible violation of the Espionage Act of two years prior due to the Socialist Party secretary's distribution of 15,000 pamphlets urging struggle against conscription.  The court ruled that his freedom of speech had not been violated in, FTP, what 1919 case in which Justice Holmes established the "clear and present danger test?".;;Schenck (v(.)) (US)
;;These regions are associated with seismic activity in Wadati-Benioff zones.  Other features associated with them include island arcs and volcanic arcs.  Once movement has been initiated, it continues due to thermal buoyancy differences between the involved slab and the surrounding mantle, which contribute to the force moving cooling lithosphere away from spreading centers.  FTP, oceanic trenches are an example of what type of convergent plate boundary, in which one plate is pushed down below the other?.;;subduction zones
;;The language of the ancient Goths was spoken here as late as the seventeenth century.  Its connection to the mainland is the isthmus at Perekop, while its Sivash marshes are protected by the great sandbar of Arabat.  Kerch in the far east is its rail bridge to Russia, over a narrow strait that provides the only outflow from the Sea of Azov.  FTP, Yalta and Sevastopol are located on what Ukrainian peninsula, most famous as the site of an 1854-1856 war?.;;(the) Crimea
;;He concluded that "Books are a load of crap" at the end of "A Study of Reading Habits."  His "Aubade" begins "I work all day, and get half-drunk at night."  He depicted the effigy of an earl and countess in "An Arundel Tomb," and wrote about a journey he took on a three-quarters-empty train one Saturday afternoon in "The Whitsun Weddings."  At the beginning of "This Be the Verse," he announced "They fuck you up, your mum and dad."  FTP, name this dour 20th-century English poet, whose volumes include The Less Deceived and High Windows and who may have given Kingsley Amis much of the material for Lucky Jim.;;(Philip) Larkin
;;He worked in the navy as a surgeon before inheriting his father's estate, and his service inspired him to write a History of the French Navy.  His early novels Atar-Gull and The Salamander followed quickly on his first book, Plick and Plock, which appeared to great acclaim in 1831.  Though he wrote such historical novels as Jean Cavalier, he is better known for two enormous books which appeared in the early 1840s.  FTP, name this French author of The Wandering Jew and The Mysteries of Paris.;;(Eugene) Sue
;;They are used in capanology, the study of bell ringing, as well as in the classification of Venn diagrams. They are also used to solve a general case of the Towers of Hanoi problem, and the baguenaudier problem. The idea for them was first patented by their namesake who was designing a shaft consisting of a wheel with concentric stripes to be read by an optical sensor. They are generally binary and reflecting, and can be generated by a sequence of XOR's strung together. FTP, identify these functions where each successive output in sequence differs by exactly one bit.;;Gray codes
;;In Kaluza-Klein theories, this phenomenon is one of the most effective mechanisms for spontaneous compactification of extra spatial dimensions. It may be extended to macroscopic dielectrics by the Lifshitz Function, though it is more often seen as a retardation of the van der Waals forces in a colloid. First measured by Lamoreaux on the order of piconewtons, it may be calculated by phc/480L4 (pi h c over 480 L to the fourth) times mirror area. FTP, what is this small force resulting from quantum vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field that acts between two close parallel uncharged conductors?.;;Casimir (Effect)
;;It includes a production of the play Turpin's Ride to York. In his leisure, the hero of this novel discusses the news with Laban Tall and Henery Fray at Warren's Malthouse, and in his work Cainy Ball and Joseph Poorgrass assist him. Baily Pennyways, though caught stealing barley and dismissed by the protagonist, notices her husband at Greenhill Fair, and helps him surprise her at a party. The protagonist had married that man despite his earlier involvement with Fanny Robin. FTP, name this novel in which Seargent Troy's murder by William Boldwood allows Gabriel Oak to marry Bathsheba Everdene, a work by Thomas Hardy.;;Far From the Madding Crowd
;;After he discovered the unfaithfulness of his wife Aegialia he went to Italy where he founded Brundisium and Arpi.  According to Virgil he refused Venelus's offer from Turnus and the Latins to join in the fight against Aeneas.  Pindar states that he was granted immortality by Athena, a gift denied his father after he had eaten the brains of an enemy.  He is best known in his role as an Argive commander and son of Tydeus.  FTP, name this Greek hero, who in memorable scenes in the Iliad exchanges armor with Glaucus and wounds both Aphrodite and Ares; not to be confused with the owner of some flesh-eating mares.;;Diomedes
;;A Robinson Annulation is a combination of this reaction with a Michael Addition that uses a weak base rather than the typical strong one.  TMS enol ethers enhance its enantioselective cross variety.  It begins with the removal by the hydroxide of the acidic alpha hydrogen, forming a reactive enolate that attacks the electrophilic carbonyl group in its second step.  Its final step is a simple acid-base reaction in which a water molecule is deprotonated by the alkoxide, creating the beta-hydroxyaldehide product. FTP, what is this condensation reaction also used for ketones as well as its eponymous functional group?.;;aldol (condensation)
;;He probably died in Calcutta without having joined some of his men in a visit to Mecca.  Reputed to be seven feet tall, he was often referred to as "Three Jewels."  Among his exploits was the capture of Alagonakkara, King of Ceylon, whom he brought back to his homeland, and the establishment of Parameswara as king of Malacca.  The best sources for those exploits are the chroniclers Ma Huan and Fei Hsin.  He began his career as a servant of Zhu Di who gave him his most famous post upon becoming the Yunglo emperor.  FTP, name this eunuch admiral who commanded the Treasure Fleet in Seven Expeditions during the Ming dynasty.;;Cheng(-)Ho|Zheng(-)He (pronounced) (Jung) (Huh)|Ma Ho(.)
;;The protagonist believes his discovery of Nancy Hewitt's partial African ancestry is the deed referred to by the title character, though Archibald Wilcox and Gregory Yates invent their own story. A shouting match between Shadbelly Billson and Thurlow Wilson leads to an auction by Jack Halliday, which allows Dr. Clay Harkness to win an election against Pinkerton.  The title character waits for Barclay Goodson to die before taking revenge, during which Burgess saves Edward Richards by withholding his claim.  FTP, name this story in which a sack of gilded lead is used to discredit the title town, by Mark Twain.;;(The) Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg
;;Results were less negative when it took place in a plain office building rather than its original location.  Results also differed substantially when instructions were given over a telephone rather than face to face.  Tests done in other countries showed that 60-65% of subjects proceeded to the end of the experiment.  It was done partly in response to the trial of Adolf Eichmann and the question of whether a Holocaust could happen in the United States.  A man dressed in a lab coat would give instructions to the subject to shock the testee, a cohort, when he missed an answer.  FTP identify this experiment on obedience named for a Yale psychologist.;;Milgram (Obedience) (Experiment(.))
;;It is walled around and all but one of the four gates is false, and there is no visible stairway to climb to its upper platform.  It is flanked by two buildings of red sandstone one a decorative rest house and the other a mosque.  Its height and width are the same discounting the four minarets at its corner.  It overlooks the Yamura River and its primary room is octagonal in shape symbolizing the eight gardens of Paradise.  Topped with a balloon shaped dome most visitors remember its white marble mirrored in a long reflecting pool. FTP, name this mausoleum in Agra built for the wife of Shah Jahan.;;Taj Mahal(.)
;;This constellation's chief variables are its W and 44 stars, and its notable pairs include its F6 subgiant Tau planetary system and its M2 red giant companion, and its yellow Kappa star and deep blue companion. It radiates the June Pons-Winneckids meteor shower, and the more impressive late December Quadrantids can be seen north of stars like Alkalurops and Izar. Its alternate name is suggested by its rise following its northwestern neighbor, Ursa Major. FTP, name this constellation also known as The Bear Driver, whose alpha star, the fourth brightest star in the night sky, is Arcturus.;;Bootes
;;A preliminary conflict to this battle was the victor's capture of Donauworth.  One critical moment was Lord Cutts' attack on the namesake village, which bottled up a large number of enemy troops.  Another came at Oberglau where Holstein-Beck was repulsed by de Blainville.  This allowed Marsin to launch a counterattack that was halted only by the timely arrival of Fugger's cavalry from the victor's right, which was commanded by Eugene of Savoy.  The end came with a massive assault on Marshal Tallard's center.  FTP, name this 1704 battle, the greatest victory of Marlborough in the War of Spanish Succession.;;(Battle) (of) Blenheim(.)
;;This author's tale of impending murder of the Hill family by the Ihii is the subject of his short story "The Martyr," while the student Remi is the subject of his first play, The Black Hermit. His other plays include I Will Marry When I Want and a collaboration with Micere Mugo, The Trial of Dedan Kimathi.  His international fame comes from his novels, including the first in his native language Devil on the Cross, the story of the brothers Kamau and Njoroge Weep Not, Child, and the non-linear A Grain of Wheat. FTP, name this Kenyan author who details the life of Munira in Ilmorog in his best novel Petals of Blood.;;Ngugi (wa) (Thiong'o)
;;In the south of this country, the Rupununi Savanna provides hunting grounds for the Wapisiana and Macusi tribes, and the Kunuku Range hinders access to its gold and diamond mining center. The sources of rivers like the Mazaruni and Cununi are found in its western Pakaraima Range near its highest point, Mt. Roraima. Marshall Falls blocks southward progress along its most important river at its second largest city, Bartica.  That river, the Essequibo, meets the Atlantic west of its capital, the largest English speaking city in South America.  FTP, name this country with capital Georgetown.;;(Co(-)Operative) (Republic) (of) Guyana(.)
;;Although there have been over 5560 of them identified, a little over 500 of them are found in humans, making them the post populated class of druggable targets.  One prominent variety is Cdk (c-d-k), a cyclin-dependent catalytic subunit that helps mediate the cell cycle.  The most prominent member of this class of enzymes is dependent on adenylate cyclase, which triggers the release of cyclic AMP, to which this enzyme binds.  FTP, name this class of enzymes, which plays a primary role in signaling pathways and which is commonly abbreviated P-K.;;(protein) kinase
;;Though publication at Amalfi of his Liber Augustalis defined him as an absolutist, his quieter years saw such acts as the passage of his Imperial Land Peace at the Diet of Mainz.  However, his struggles with Honorius III led to his signing of the Treaty of San Germano, he faced usurpers like Henry Raspe, and his claims at the Council of Cremona led to the rebirth of the Lombard League.  His three excommunications resulted from his stalling on a certain pledge after his election following Otto IV's defeat at Bouvines.  FTP, name this Holy Roman Emperor from 1220-1250, who negotiated rights to Nazareth and Bethlehem in the 6th Crusade.;;Frederick II (Hohenstaufen(.))
;;This play contains a version of the Orphic cosmology and ends with the protagonist marrying Basilaea.  In one of the funniest sections the protagonist fends off a poet, an oracle-monger and other intruders.  Among the characters is Tereus, who introduces the protagonist and his friend to the chorus.  Near the end of the play the hero negotiates with Triballian, Heracles, and Poseidon, a delegation from the Gods who are upset that their sacrifices are not reaching them.  FTP name this play in which Euelpides and Peisetarios help the title characters become the new gods by building Cloudcuckooland, a work by Aristophanes.;;(The) Birds|Ornithes(.)
;;As a youth he was the Texas state champion in the one-mile and was drafted by the Minneapolis Lakers, though professional basketball hopes ended after a knee injury in his time at Hardin-Simmons University.  His son Todd is also a professional and staked Daniel Negreanu to Negreanu's first major tournament victory.  He founded his own printing press to release his most famous publication, which included chapters by Bobby Baldwin, Chip Reese, Mike Caro, and David Sklansky.  That book, Super System, made him a worldwide name but revealed his hyper-aggressive strategy.  FTP, identify this man, nicknamed "Texas Dolly," a two-time World Series champion and "Old Man of Poker.".;;(Doyle) Brunson
;;Among their leaders were Walter Sillers and Frank Dixon.  Upset by earlier initiatives such as the Fair Employment Practices Commission this party was formed shortly after many delegates walked out of the Philadelphia Nominating Convention irate at the platform put forth by Hubert Humphrey.  Their vice-presidential nominee was Fielding Wright who was selected at their own convention in Birmingham.  Although they only had about 20,000 more popular votes than Henry Wallace and the Progressive Party they won 39 electoral votes carrying Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, and South Carolina.  FTP, name this splinter party in the 1948 election whose candidate was Strom Thurmond.;;Dixiecrats|States Rights (Democrats(.))
;;He spent much of his childhood in Charleston, South Carolina and later tried to get a position at Harvard.  Among his scholarly works was an update of John Dryden's translation of Plutarch's Lives.  He only published two poetry collections in his life, The Bothie of Tober-na-Vuolich and Ambarvalia.  His longer works included Mari Magno, which is structured like the Canterbury Tales, and Amours de Voyage.  Many of his shorter works deal with religious doubt and include 'Epi-strauss-ium" and "The Latest Decalogue."  FTP, identify this Victorian poet of Dypsychus best known as the subject of Matthew Arnold's elegy "Thyrsis.".;;(Arthur) (Hugh) Clough (CLUFF)
;;The presence of cesium ions in this mineral commonly causes its crystals to flatten perpendicular to its c-axis. Substitution of scandium for aluminum in its 6-coordinated site creates the rare deep blue relative, bazzite, while its colorless variety goshenite occurs if its characteristic structure is left unfilled. Its unit cell consists of a series of hexagonal channels outlined by four Si6O18 rings. Ferric impurities create its yellow and sky-blue varieties, heliodor and aquamarine. FTP, name this cyclosilicate mineral most famous for its gem variety emerald that also serves as a valuable ore for the element named for it.;;beryl
;;Against the wishes of his father, he married the widow of Siferth, a powerful Danish thane of the time.  He experienced a string of successes before a disastrous defeat at Asandun, and he would be dead shortly thereafter.  This happened after he had agreed to partition the country, which ended the strife following the acceptance of him as ruler of the Five Boroughs of the Danelaw and crowning as king in April 1016.  Despite the nobles supporting Canute, this son of Aethlred the Unready fought valiantly.  FTP, name this king of England, whose stout defense earned him his "strong" appellation.;;Edmund (Ironside)
;;The author wrote a second introduction to this novel specifically to explain why his hero uses the word "Horican" for a local lake.  One of its characters, referred to as the "Reed that Bends," is possibly homosexual.  Perhaps even more overtly gay is the Calvinist psalmodist who is forced to dress like a clown and who is named David Gamut.  In contrast to them is the aged Tamenund, who doesn't appear until the very end of the novel.  The end also realizes the love of Duncan Heyward for Alice Munro, whose sister Cora is killed after refusing Magua's offer of marriage.  FTP, name this novel, whose title most likely refers to Uncas, the most popular of Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales.;;(The) Last of the Mohicans
;;Modifications of this reaction include include the Huang-Minlon Modification.  The central step in this mechanism was modeled on the equally similar formation of an oxime with a carbonyl.  It gives yields of about 70% due to the isomerization of side products, and has an acid analog known as the Clemmenson reaction.  The key ingredients are the base and heated hydrazine hydrate.  FTP, identify this reaction that creates methyl or methylene groups from carbonyl compounds, a reduction reaction named for its two discoverers.;;Wolf(-)Kishner (reduction)
;;The artist claimed that he reworked the foot of one of this painting's title characters 20 times.  He also later added the baby with its back turned to the viewer in the rear in the back, though the dejected child holding the baby was part of the original painting.  The scene was drawn from the recent staging of a Corneille tragedy and features a couple of swooning women at the far right.  The focal point though is the set of three swords held by the man in the center, to which the title characters make a pledge.  FTP, name this Jacques Louis David depiction of three brothers from Roman history.;;(The) Oath of the Horatii
;;When notified of the President's decision to take military action, Congressman Robert Drinan and Senator Gaylord Nelson opposed it.  The next year, a General Accounting Office report on this incident showed that the U.S. knew of Chinese intervention on their behalf.  Nevertheless, action was taken against Tang Island, and forty-one Americans died in the action, even though the thirty-nine sailors involved had already been freed.  FTP, name this incident that occurred three weeks after the fall of Saigon in 1975 when the Cambodians briefly held the namesake American cargo ship.;;Mayaguez (affair)
;;It opens with a quote from Horace's Satires regarding those who do not "wish well to adulterers."  The author drew the two central lovers from Aphra Behn's Helena and Willmore and their interplay reaches its climax in the humorous "contract" scene in Act IV.  Additional comedy is provided by the servants Betty, Mincing, and Foible and the comeuppance that Fainall, this play's villain, receives.  By the end Lady Wishfort has given her approval to the union of Mirabell and Millamant.  FTP, name this last and greatest play by William Congreve.;;(The) Way of the World
;;James Gandolfini has a small role as a mob goon who forgets to check under the bed for his objective, and Bronson Pinchot plays a producer's assistant who becomes an informant for the police.  Michael Rappaport plays a struggling actor who sets up the film's climactic drug deal, which sees a massive gunfight in a Beverly Hills hotel suite and also the last appearance of Elvis, as played by Val Kilmer, in the suite's bathroom. Perhaps the best scene is one in which Christopher Walken's mob boss character interrogates and then shoots Dennis Hopper.  Young lovers Patricia Arquette and Christian Slater get away with the money in, FTP, what 1993 film written by Quentin Tarantino.;;True Romance
;;To support himself he worked as a cellist at the Paris Opera-Comique, where his first work, the one-act opera Pepito, debuted.  He followed up with more short operas, which included such hits as La belle Helene and The Parisian Life.  In that thirty-year span he composed almost 90 operettas, many of them to librettos by Ludevic Halevy.  The most successful was his Orpheus in the Underworld, but it was another opera, to which he had only completed the piano score by the time of his 1880 death, for which he would become most famous.  FTP, name this French composer of Tales of Hoffman.;;(Jacques) Offenbach
;;The chief chronicler of his expedition was a man simply known as the Gentleman of Elvas.  It was Elvas who recorded that his body had at first been placed in a grave then disinterred and placed in the trunk of a tree before being sunk.  He had been a captain under Pedro de Avila, whose daughter he married, and served under Pizarro in Peru before Charles V made him governor of Cuba.  Two years later, he led his expedition, making it as far north as the Carolinas sometime in 1540.  FTP, name this Spaniard who, one year later, came across the Mississippi River.;;(Hernando) De Soto
;;Its first edition featured a cover and pictures by Ben Shahn, and James Merrill's copy of that edition is available online for 1500 pounds.  The poet created a complex stanza form for this poem, partly modeled on W.B. Yeats' "In Memory of Major Gregory."  The final of its five sections is a peroration from the poet and concludes its 57 stanzas of eight rhymed lines each.  It begins with an invocation of the dead subject but perhaps most interesting is the middle section of seductive dialogue between the two poets.  FTP, name this work that first appeared in book form in 1956, 284 years after the death of its subject, a long poem by John Berryman.;;Homage to Mistress Bradstreet(.)
;;In the introduction - "the Subject, Method, and Scope of this Enquiry" - its author explains some of his methodology, including his "three conditions of success," and his "uses of synoptic charts."  Chapter Six explains the significance of the tasasoria [TUH-suh-SO-ree-uh] and the kabigidoya [kuh-BIGG-ih-DO-yah], or rituals of the trial run and ceremonial visiting.  This follows a chapter on the magic of building and the important fourth chapter, which discusses the sociology of ownership of the masawa, or large canoe.  The chief focus of the book, though, is the Kula system of trading.  FTP, name this study of the Trobriand Islanders, the major work of Bronislaw Malinowski.;;Argonauts of the Western Pacific
;;During his time as president, he abolished the Civil Guards and the Lotta Svard organization.  He had come to that post by succeeding Risto Ryiti and would serve for two years before giving way to Juho Paasikivi.  He made his name as commander-in-chief of his nation's armies, after it had declared independence in 1918 and when he had led the White faction in a victory over the leftist Red faction.  But he is best known for his plan, conceived for a war with Russia, for a fortified front across the Karelian Isthmus.  FTP, identify this Finnish leader and namesake of a Finnish line of defense.;;(Carl) (Gustav) Mannerheim
;;One of this novel's characters is trying to write a book but can't get past the opening line because he wants the perfect manuscript.  Another character goes crazy and randomly fires his gun in the street until he is arrested.  That figure, Cottard, had been enlisted to help Raymond Rambert flee, but Rambert became ashamed and stayed behind to help such men as Castel and Jean Tarrou, who dies near the end.  The tale of all these residents of Oran is narrated by Dr. Bernard Rieux.  FTP, name this novel by Albert Camus that chronicles the time during a disease epidemic.;;(The) Plague|(La) Peste
;;Their theorization helped to resolve an old paradox revolving around the specific heat of an electron as predicted by the equipartition law.  One of their formulators showed that they can also be obtained when the total wave function of a system is antisymmetrical.  When using them, at most one particle is allowed in a nondegenerate state.  FTP, identify these statistical descriptions of particles that satisfy the exclusion principle, named for the Italian and British physicists who proposed them.;;Fermi(-)Dirac (statistics)
;;A skeleton known as this state's namesake "man" was found near Pelican Falls in 1931.  In the north-central part lies Leech Lake, to the east of which are the Cuyuna and Vermilion mountain ranges.  Its northern border is interrupted by Rainy Lake and some of its eastern border is formed by the St. Croix River.  It was Michel Aco who discovered the Falls of St. Anthony, near which its capital sits.  FTP, name this state that is also home to Lake Itasca as well as the cities of St. Cloud, Duluth, and St. Paul.;;Minnesota
;;In a bizarre occurrence at this meeting the French were represented by a foreign emissary, William Waddington.  One of the provisions called for the principality of Eastern Rumelia to be governed by a Christian appointee, a measure which had been chiefly favored by Count Corti and Count Gyula Andrassy.  Alexander Gorchakov ensured that his country would get Batum and Kars, much to the chagrin of Alexander Karatheodori, his Ottoman counterpart.  FTP, name this conference that was called following the recent Russo-Turkish War to reconsider the Treaty of San Stefano and which met in the namesake German city.;;(Congress) (of) Berlin
;;This writer was the devoted lover of the countess of Albany, the wife of the Young Pretender.  This tale appears in his bitter autobiography, which first appeared in English in William Dean Howells' 1877 translation.  He wrote a harsh satire against France, the Misogallo, but is chiefly known for his plays, such as Virginia, Sophonisba, and Maria Stuarda.  His finest work, though, is considered to be the Biblical tragedy Saul, one of the 19 tragedies he wrote between 1777 and 1789.  FTP, name this 18th-century Italian dramatist.;;(Vittorio) Alfieri
;;Its Type IV variety is the primary component of the basal lamina.  Since cells do not attach well to its naked form, a linkage system featuring the attachment of integrin to fibronectin to this molecule is the typical way in which it is found in the body.  Dermatomyositis and scleroderma are known to disrupt its function and can also disrupt its secretion, which is managed by the osteoblasts.  Its Type II is found in cartilage, but the Type I is the most prevalent form of, FTP, what fibrous protein, the most abundant protein in vertebrates?.;;collagen
;;The first one was touched off by a proposal that magistrates of the high courts give up four years of salary.  Among those involved were several members of the Conti family, including Armand de Conti.  The second began with the defeat of the Spanish at Rethel but turned tide when Cardinal Retz joined forces with Mademoiselle Chevreuse and Gaston D'Orleans.  That second ended with the king's return to the capital following the making of peace with all the princes, except for the prince de Conde [con-DAY].  Waged between 1648 and 1653, FTP, name this set of two revolts against the policies of Anne of Austria and Cardinal Mazarin in France.;;(the) Fronde
;;Its second part was never arranged for publication and contains an eleventh section that takes up more than half of that part.  Stanley Cavell and Warren Goldfarb have suggest a reading for the opening sections of its first part, spurred primarily by the writer's decision to open it with a quote from Augustine.  That quote is followed up by an example of "five red apples" as an order given to a grocer.  A total of 693 sections appear before Part II, which plays heavily on the grammar of the word "to see" and introduces a few more "language-games."  FTP, name this work that appeared posthumously in 1953, the chief articulation of the language philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein.;;Philosophical Investigations
;;His girlfriend Miroslava Vavrinec acts as his sponsorship agent and press officer.  Many believe that she was the one who orchestrated the firing of his longtime coach Peter Lundgren.  He owns a cow named Juliet, which was given to him as a prize for winning his biggest event.  He won that event by defeating Mark Phillipousis and seventh months later he defeated Marat Safin to win his second Grand Slam.  FTP, name this Swiss player who recently defeated Andy Roddick to win his second consecutive Wimbledon, the number one ranked mens tennis player in the world.;;(Roger) Federer
;;One character by this name is a historical personage who, along with Statira, is a title character of Nathaniel Lee's The Rival Queens.  Another marries a Dutch merchant and settles in Holland, all the while accompanied by her maid Amy.  She receives this name by accident and is better known as the Mademoiselle Beleau, the "Fortuante Mistress" referred to in the subtitle of that 1724 novel.  Yet another is loved by three men, two of whom are the Comte de Guiche and Christian de Neuvillette.  FTP, give this name shared by the title heroine of a Daniel Defoe romance and the love of Cyrano de Bergerac.;;Roxana|Roxane
;;His grandfather Christopher served in the First and Second Continental Congress.  He served with Andrew Jackson in the Creek War, and in 1823 Jackson appointed him commissioner to negotiate the removal of the Seminoles from Florida.  He would go on to become president of the South Carolina Railroad Company and first advocated a transcontinental railroad via a southern route.  The appointment of his friend Jefferson Davis to Franklin Pierce's cabinet gave him a new opportunity and he would become minister to Mexico.  FTP, name this man who, in 1853, negotiated the purchase of 30,000 square miles of the southwestern U.S.;;(James) Gadsden
;;The western half of the region in which they are found comprised the Phelps and Gorham Purchase of 1790, the world's largest land purchase at the time.  Their southern ends are characterized by glacial hanging valleys leading to waterfalls in such areas as Fillmore Glen and Watkins Glen.  There are eleven of them in total and four of them - Conesus, Hemlock, Canadice, and Otisco - are known as the "minor" ones.  Several of them are named for Indian tribes once indigenous to the area, including Owasco, Cayuga, and Senega.  FTP, name this group of thin lakes in upstate New York.;;Finger (Lakes)
;;The protagonist of this novel has a son who is writing an essay entitled "Why I Love America" and who plagiarizes from speeches by Henry Clay and Abraham Lincoln to finish the assignment.  His sexually precocious daughter, Ellen, is unable to write the same essay and is seemingly a precursor to Margie-Young Hunt, the town seductress.  Several other citizens of the fictitious New Baytown are introduced, though the focus is on the disintegrating life of grocery store clerk Ethan Allen Hawley.  The only one of its author's novels not set in and around the Salinas Valley, FTP, identify this John Steinbeck work whose name is drawn from a line in Shakespeare's Richard III.;;(The) Winter of Our Discontent
;;They orchestrated a new source of income through a series of government-mediated Urbariums in the late 18th-century.  While their power was waning, they managed to establish the Agrarian League in 1894 to appeal to anti-capitalist sentiments among the lower classes.  By definition they could not serve in the Landtag, as they had their own house in government.  Their power increased when they financed the army of Frederick II, but it began to decline when they opposed the Frankfurt Assembly in 1848.  FTP, give this name for the landed Prussian aristocracy.;;Junkers (YOON(-)kers)
;;He was the first artist to translate Winckelmann's writings into English, though he broke most of their rules.  His unrealized dream was a series of frescoes echoing Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel but peopled with Shakespearean characters.  He featured 47 paintings of his in the Milton Gallery he opened in 1799, but none of his famous works like the pen drawing Perseus Returning the Eye of the Graii or his oil of Lady Macbeth were shown.  FTP, name this favorite painter of William Blake, a Swiss-born Englishman best known for his allegorical The Nightmare.;;(Henry) Fuseli|(Johann) (Heinrich) Fussli
;;He sold European books during the day to support himself during his time at the New School for Social Research.  His professional work included the articulation of the "Preferred Habitat" theory for the term structure of interest rates and a theorem stating that the value of a firm is not affected by whether it is financed by equity or debt, which he co-formulated with Merton Miller.  He was also the originator of the "life cycle hypothesis," which states that consumers would aim for a stable level of income throughout their lifetime.  FTP, name this Nobel laureate who won the economics prize for his work on saving more than 45 years after he left his native Italy.;;(Franco) Modigliani
;;One of this play's characters is an avid fisher and author of a book entitled Days and Nights.  Act Two begins with three characters reading aloud from a book by Maupassant.  Two years pass before the third act, in which Paulina observes that one of the protagonists is now making a successful living as a writer.  In the final act two games of lotto are played, with the second taking place after Dorn discovers the central tragedy.  At the same time Shamrayev presents Trigorin with a stuffed version of the title creature, to which Nina had earlier compared herself.  FTP, name this play that ends with Treplyev's suicide, a work of Anton Chekhov.;;(The) Seagull
;;His paper on Halley's Comet so impressed his superiors that he was offered an assistanceship at the Lilienthal Observatory to the celebrated lunar observer J.H Schroter.  He was the first to make effective use of the heliometer to measure the apparent diameter of the Sun, and he corrected the measurement errors made by James Bradley in Bradley's catalog of stars.  Other accomplishments included noting the double stars for both Procyon and Sirius, and his work on 61 Cygni, which led to his discovery of parallax.  FTP, identify this German astronomer also known for his namesake functions.;;(Friedrich) (Wilhelm) Bessel
;;He was probably spared his life due to the discovery of letters addressed to Francois La Chaise.  Those letters had been written by the secretary to the duchess of York, Edward Coleman.  Edmond Berry Godfrey took his depositions and soon after was found murdered in the fields near Primrose Hill.  Equally guilty was his colleague and collaborator Israel Tonge.  FTP, name this man who, in 1678, fabricated the tale of a Jesuit plan to assassinate Charles II in what became known as the Popish Plot.;;(Titus) Oates
;;It is the name given to the Ugaritic god of evil.  In another tradition, it lives in the mazes of Stygia and creates such underworld minions as the Habbalah and the Cenobites.  In some Jewish legends it is an androgynous dragon, and in Caananite mythology it is a follower of Yam, who is not able to save this seven-headed beast, known as Lotan, from being killed by Baal.  FTP, name this chaos animal which will be destroyed on Judgement Day and which lent its name to a work by Thomas Hobbes.;;Leviathan
;;He was the chief editor of the 1961 first edition of the complete works of Ronald Firbank, whom he greatly admired, and he wrote a biography of the 17th-century diarist John Aubrey.  His first novel, The Afternoon Men, was published after he left Balliol, where he met Evelyn Waugh and Graham Greene.  He died in 2000, twenty five years after completing Hearing Secret Harmonies and almost fifty years after the completion of A Question of Upbringing.  Those two works were the bookends of his duodecalogy.  FTP, name this British writer of A Dance to the Music of Time series.;;(Anthony) Powell
;;In his art criticism, published in L'Art moderne and Certains, he moves from a celebration of technological art back to the mysticism and terror of Odilon Redon and Gustave Moreau.  He evokes his later devotion to the Virgin Mary and the edifice at Chartres in La Cathedrale, but it is for novels that he is best known.  He began with works like En Menage and Marthe, attempting to copy the style of Zola, but adopted a different genre in his two premiere novels, one of which features the aristocrat Das Esseintes.  FTP, name this French author of the decadent novels La-bas and A rebours, or Against Nature.;;(Joris(-)Karl) Huysmans
;;Its last major engagement occurred at the siege of Bayonne, which was heroically defended by Marshall Soult.  Soult had earlier attempted to join Andre Massena but was prevented from doing so by the forces of William Carr Beresford.  The conflict had begun with an invasion by Andoche Junot, forcing King John VI and his family to flee.  The next year an invading army under Marshal Joachim Murat occupied Madrid, which prompted British intervention and the arrival of aid under Arthur Wellesley, the duke of Wellington.  FTP, identify this 1808 to 1814 war so named because the fighting all took place in Iberia.;;Peninsular (War)
;;In 1969 Ray Davis began the Homestake Experiment to try and catch a few of them per year.  It is quite difficult to see when they are deflected by exchanging a Z-boson with a proton or neutron, but we do known that since our body contains about 20 milligrams of Potassium 40, we emit 340 million of these particles every day.  Bethe and Peierls showed that the probability of interaction between them and matter should be small and they were finally detected in 1956 by Cowan and Reines.  In 1998 the Super-Kamiokande Experiement announced that evidence for those with non-zero mass was found.  FTP, name this type of lepton with no electric charge and which was first predicted by Pauli.;;neutrino
;;The chorus sings in unison or octaves throughout this musical work except for a passage near the end of the third movement.  Its last movement begins with a slightly sad waltz and offers text praising those with integrity in their careers.  Subtitles such as "Fears," "Humor," and "In the store" are given to each of its five movements and are drawn from the literary work that inspired it.  It is the subtitle of the first movement, which identifies a ravine near Kiev, that gives this work its nickname.  FTP, identify this symphonic work by Dmitry Shostakovich that takes its name from a Yevgeny Yevtushenko poem about the massacre of more than 30,000 Jews.;;Babi Yar|Shostakovich's Symphony No(.) 13 (in) (B) (flat) (Minor) (don't) (need) (composer's) (name) (after) (it) (is) (mentioned)
;;Its third and final essay includes two sections with such chapters as "Latency Period and Tradition," "Renunciation Versus Gratification," and "The Return of the Repressed."  Its first essay partly borrows from Otto Rank's The Myth of the Birth of the Hero and begins by deconstructing the etymology of the title character's name and offers up a different theory as to the name's origin.  Its final portion was during the time when the author was forced to emigrate to England.  The central argument is that the titular figure was an Egyptian nobleman and that Judaism was an Egyptian import to Palestine.  FTP, name this last book by Sigmund Freud.;;Moses and Monotheism
;;Its carefully plotted time scheme is orchestrated around the date of August 4, which was both the wedding day and the death day of one of this book's central characters.  Among the doomed female characters is Nancy Rufford, who we first meet in Nauheim, and who goes mad after leaving for India.  Part of the novel was published in Blast as "The Saddest Story," introducing the protagonist and his wife Florence and the couple they meet, Leonora and Edward Ashburnham.  FTP, name this novel subtitled "A Tale of Passion," which is narrated by John Dowell and which was written by Ford Madox Ford.;;(The) Good Soldier
;;Several people identified Rudolf Schnaubelt as the chief instigator, but it was later determined that he was an undercover agent.  The ringleader warned of this event in his magazine Arbeiter-Zeitung, evidence that the State's Attorney Julius Grinnell used to prosecute him.  One of the participants, Louis Lingg, committed suicide by exploding a dynamite cap in his mouth, while the main plotters, including Albert Parsons and the leader August Spies, were sentenced to death. Beginning around 10 AM outside the McCormick Harvester Works, this was, FTP, what 1886 labor riot in Chicago?.;;Haymarket (Square) (Riot)
;;These structures are the site of synthesis for certain membrane lipids, including sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipids.  The exact mechanism of their primary function is still unknown but involves COP1, or coat protein 1, in some way.  The best understood of the reactions that they carry out is the remodeling of oligosaccharides that are attached to glycoproteins.  Yeasts contain individual portions of them scattered throughout the cell, but usually their cisternae are highly ordered.  FTP, name this organelle composed of stacked sacs that distribute proteins and lipids to the endoplasmic reticulum.;;Golgi apparatus|Golgi body
;;Jonathan Swift made a burlesque out of the their story in which he changed them to two wandering saints.  Their amazement initially arises when one of their jugs of wine continues pouring a never-ending stream.  The amazement continues when they attempt to capture their only goose for a sacrificial dinner.  This is due to the influence of their two disguised visitors, actually Jupiter and Mercury in disguise.  As a reward for their piety, Jupiter turns their house into a temple.  FTP, name this peasant couple from Phrygia who grew into an oak and linden tree that became attached for eternity.;;Philemon and Baucis
;;Among the main tributaries always leading off to the right of this river are the Cher and Indre Rivers, both of which come off before the series of large dikes that protect its lower course.  It is canalized for many miles of its passage and is connected by canals to the Saone River and the harbor of Brest.  It rises in the Cevennes Mountains and flows 634 miles before flowing through a 35-mile estuary into the Bay of Biscay.  FTP, name this longest river of France.;;Loire (River)
;;The protagonist of this novel has received an honorary award from the French government and two Pulitzers, one for a play and the other for a biography.  By the end the protagonist becomes rich from his script for Caldofreddo, a comedy of sorts about cannibalism, which he co-wrote with the title character.  By then he has given up his co-editorship of The Ark with Pierre Thaxter and uses the script money to repay the hoodlum Rinaldo Cantabile, whose wife is writing a dissertation on this book's literary title character, a figure modeled on Delmore Schwarz.  Thus goes the tale of Charlie Citrine, a disciple of the titular poet in, FTP, what novel by Saul Bellow?.;;Humboldt's Gift
;;In 1974 Hopcroft and Tarjan obtained an extremely fast test for this property.  More recently another test has been developed by Lempel, Even, and Cederbaum.  According to that test, if this property exists, then an embedding is obtained.  Most famously Kuratowski proved that a graph possesses it if and only if the graph contains no subgraph homoemorphic to either of those two graphs.  FTP, a graph possesses what property if it can drawn on a flat surface with no crossed edges?.;;planarity
;;He was the man who organized the League of Heilbronn, a mutual-assistance organization for the Protestant princes of Germany.  His final achievement was the orchestration of the Peace of Bromsebro, by the terms of which his country gained hegemony over one of its bitter rivals.  After being appointed legate plenipotentiary to Germany, he negotiated the Treaty of Wismar with France and represented his country at Westphalia.  By then he had already served for four years as the regent of Queen Christina.  FTP, name this powerful Swedish statesman and key figure in the Thirty Years' War.;;(Axel) Oxenstiberna
;;According to the artist, the figure on the left was of mixed race.  The figure on the right also stares at the viewer and is marked by an odd triangular, yellowish-red cap that he wears.  The figure on the left rests on a box draped by a blanket with a rifle in the crook of his arm, and to his immediate right lays a dead duck that he had recently shot.  His bright blue shirt contrasts with his father's red shirt on the right and with the tied-down black cat on the left, all of which appears in the water's reflection.  FTP, name this 1845 painting by George Caleb Bingham.;;Fur Traders Descending the Missouri
;;Before this group hit it big, its two lead vocalists would sing in church choirs together.  Fame came with the release of the single "Wheel of Fortune," followed by their debut album, which was bolstered by the strength of the title track "Happy Nation."  The group attempted a comeback in 2000 with a cover of Bananarama's "Cruel Summer," but that quickly ended.  Three of its four members were all from the same family - one brother and two sisters - with the lone standout being the man who wrote one of their top ten singles, "Don't Turn Around."  FTP, name this group that hit it big with the singles "All That She Wants" and "The Sign," a pop band from Sweden.;;Ace of Base
;;The title character dies two-thirds of the way through this novel, which then follows the lives of his two sons, one of whom is revealed to be illegitimate.  The fourth chapter, "Evening Faces," is linked with a later chapter, "Fireflies," in that they feature respectively a mother and daughter pursued by the title character, who is unaware of the relationship.  That title character has a second wife named after the author, but is first married at the age of 12, to Aio [EYE-oh].  FTP, identify this work in 54 chapters, considered the first novel in Japanese and written by Lady Murasaki.;;(The) Tale of Genji|Genji Monogatari
;;Under this empire architecture experienced a renaissance as seen in the innovative techniques used in its domed palaces at Girra and Sarvestan, and the remnants of its great trading center at Avaz.  Under a king nicknamed Anushirvan its territory reached its greatest extent and despite a brief collapse, the empire rebounded under Parvaez.  That duo, who ruled as Khosrau I and II, would be the last great rulers in a line of succession that dated back to Ardashir I more than 350 years earlier.  FTP, name this empire that established Zoroastrianism as the state religion of Persia, which it ruled for most of the third through 7th-century AD.;;Sassanids|Sassanian (Empire)
;;Their second incarnation included such members as Aspasius and the delightfully named Alexander of Aphrodisias.  The first group included a Lampascan who championed mechanism in nature, Strato, and a philosopher of ethics, Eudemus of Rhodes.  Perhaps the most famous of the group was a man known for his series of sketches entitled Characters - Theophrastus. FTP, identify this group of that initially grew out of students and followers at the Lyceum and which was named for Aristotle's custom of walking about while lecturing.;;Peripatetic (School)
;;In a letter to his Polish translator Witold Hulewicz, the author said that the holy figure referred to in this work "stands for the idea of recognizing a higher order of reality in invisibility."  The penultimate one ends "Look, I am living.  On what? Niether childhood nor future / grows any smaller . . . Superabundant being / wells up in my heart."  During its eventful composition, the author was evicted after writing the third of them and drafted after writing the fourth in 1915.  The first begins, "Who, if I cried out, would hear me among the angels?" and was written at a castle at the titular locale.  FTP, name this set of ten poems by Rainier Maria Rilke.;;Duino Elegies
;;Those involved in this scheme were inspired by ideas set forth in the journal Pigs Meat and all of them were members of the Society of Spencean Philanthropists.  The government had already become aware of the plan because they had infiltrated a spy, John Castle, into the organization.  It took shape once the plotters became aware of a planned party at Harrowby House.  The plan, as hatched by Arthur Thistlewood, was to murder the ministers of the Crown at a cabinet dinner.  FTP, identify this 1820 conspiracy to take over the British government, named for the road on which the conspirators met.;;Cato Street (Conspiracy)
;;In its Broadway debut this play featured Paul Newman in the role of a young man betrayed by his fiancee.  Poopdeck McCullough is the only character mentioned who does not appear on stage.  Another minor character is Bomber, a teenage boy who appears in the beginning to make fun of the younger Owens girl.  A side plot concerns Rosemary Sydney's attempts to tie down Howard Bevans, but the primary story focuses on Alan Seymour, his fiancee, and her attraction to another man.  Said fiancee, Madge Owens, finally succumbs and sleeps with said other man, Hal Carter, while everyone else is away at the title event.  FTP, name this play by William Inge.;;Picnic
;;One of its viral forms is caused by a small RNA virus belonging to the picornavirus class and is spread by the oral-fecal route.  The most recently recognized type is caused by a defective RNA virus known as the delta agent.  The drug-induced variety is easily curable and like all forms of this disease is characterized by Kuppfer cell enlargement and proliferation.  Existing in several varieties, including A,B,C, and D, this is FTP, what generic name given to an inflammation of the liver?.;;hepatitis
;;One used his position as correspondence secretary to the emperor Claudius to become, in effect, a minister of state.  His power was weakened when he backed Brittanicus for succession instead of Nero, and he commited suicide shortly thereafter.  The other was the son of Cephissus and Liriope.  In one version of his tale he rejects the love of Ameinias but in all versions his punishment is due to the wrath of Nemesis.  He more famously meets his fate while looking for the nymph Echo.  FTP, name this Greek youth renowned for his beauty and for being enamored with his own reflection.;;Narcissus
;;The bearded figure on the bottom right of this painting is chewing off the thumb of a man in his embrace and the somewhat succubus-like figure on the bottom left is chewing off his own thumb.  Only one woman appears in this painting, and she is being kicked in the stomach by one of the group of naked figures that lie along the bottom.  The title character stands looking to the left and is distinguished by his red wrapped headdress.  To his right, and also in the titular structure, is an orange robed man, who is presumably Virgil.  FTP, name this painting of three men in a boat, one of whom is the titular Italian poet, a work by Eugene Delacroix.;;(The) Barque of Dante
;;This city sank into decay after it was captured, pillaged, and burned by the Saracens in AD 878.  Its first great ruler was Gelon, who relocated his capital from Gela to this city.  Public liberty was restored in 343 BC after the unsettled reign of Dion, who failed to live up to the powerful rule of Dionysus the Elder.  Perhaps the city's greatest rulers are Hiero I and Agathocles, both of whom ruled as tyrants.  The latter came to power well after the two-year Athenian siege of this city during the Peloponnesian War.  FTP, name this powerful ancient city of Sicily.;;Syracuse
;;This writer had a considerable fortune but spent most of it equipping volunteers to fight Napoleon in Spain.  He lost the rest of it after purchasing his extravagant estate of Llanthony Abbey.  He discussed the libel charges against him in his reminisces, Dry Sticks Fagoted, which also mentions his lifelong friendship with Southey that began with the publication of this man's exotic poem Gebir.  During a long stay in Bath he produced his major works, including his drama Pericles and Aspasia and his elegy "Rose Aylmer."  FTP, name this English writer best known for two volumes of dialogues between famous figures entitled Imaginary Conversations.;;(Walter) (Savage) Landor
;;It offers a direct relationship between "L sub Z," the intensity of light at depth "Z" and "L sub zero," the intensity of light at the ocean surface. Thus, when used in conjunction with the Secchi disk, this law can allow for a measurement of the light attenuation of a body of water. In colorimetry it is often combined with Lambert's law for purposes of utility. The simplest statement of it might be that the absorptive capacity of a dissolved substance is directly proportional to its concentration in a solution. FTP, identify this chemical law useful in spectrophotometry experiments.;;Beer's (law)
;;Its shortest track is the seventh one, "I Would Die 4U," and the eclecticism only begins with the robotic jamming of "Computer Blue" and the hard grind of "Darling Nikki."  The artist explored psychedelic music in two other songs on this album, the string-laden "Take me With U" and the pure rock of "Baby I'm a Star."  It's nine tracks end with the title one, and though it is the sixth song that proved the biggest hit, the first track, "Let's Go Crazy," was also a huge hit.  FTP, identify this album that also features "When Doves Cry," a work of Prince created for a movie of the same name starring Prince.;;Purple Rain
;;Among the concepts elucidated in this work is the "fusion of horizons," which attempts to explain how people of different eras can comprehend things with their own specific "effective historical consciousness."  It begins with the grasping of works of art, which its author later examined in The Relevance of the Beautiful and Other Essays.  However, the primary gist of this 1960 work is clarify the difference between Erklaren, or explanation, and Verstehen, or understanding.  FTP, name this work that expounded up on the interpretive, or hermeuntical, aspect of the philosophy of its author, Hans-Georg Gadamer.;;Truth and Method
;;He was so mortified by his killing of U.S. attorney Charles Lucas in a duel that he vowed never to duel again.  Of course one of his brothers had already shot and almost killed Andrew Jackson in a tavern brawl.  More than sixty years later he completed his valuable memoirs, Thirty Years View, which cover the period from 1820-1850.  In the Senate his support of "hard money" became so legendary as to earn him the nickname "Old Bullion."  After leaving office, he campaigned against his own son-in-law, John Fremont, in the presidential election of 1856.  FTP, name this Jacksonian Democrat and longtime senator from the state of Missouri.;;(Thomas) (Hart) Benton
;;In this novel though Monsieur Grassins ostensibly goes to Paris take care of the family name, he becomes so enamored of city life that he never returns.  Earlier a visitor had arrived at the residence with a letter announcing the death of the patriarch's brother, Guillaume, who asks that his son be taken care of.  That son later marries Mademoiselle D'Aubrion even though he has declared his love for the title figure, who helps Charles travel to India by giving him her savings and alienating Nanon and her father in the process.  Eventually, she marries Monsieur Cruchot and resigns herself to living loveless in Saumur.  FTP, name this novel about the unfortunate daughter of a miser, a work by Honore de Balzac.;;Eugenie Grandet
;;In communications technology loading is defined as the addition of this property to an antenna or transmission line to improve operating characteristics. Its "mutual" variety is exemplified in a transformer, and it can greatly be increased by the introduction of an iron core in a soft coil. Joseph Henry first recognized its "self" variety and his name identifies the magnetic type of this property. FTP, identify this property defined as the value of the electromotive force created in a conductor divided by the magnitude of the rate of change of the current causing the emf.;;inductance
;;The fourth movement is pastoral in mood featuring a 3/4 meter with arpeggiated string figures.  That section, How amiable are thy tabernacles, is followed by a rhapsodic setting for solo soprano and chorus that ends with the words "I will see you again."  Upon first hearing this seven-part work Clara Schumann remarked that she was filled by it and the memory of the composer's mother to whom it was dedicated.  FTP, identify this reverential work based on a Lutheran rather than a Latin mass for the dead, a composition by Johannes Brahms.;;(A) German Requiem|(Ein) Deutsches Requiem
;;His only collaborative effort with his wife Frances was the Dahomean Narrative.  In The Dilemma of Social Pattern he argues for traces of the older folkways in the most "complete acculturation."  All of these works may be found at his namesake library at Northwestern where he became the first chair of African Studies in the U.S.  His most famous work argues that contrary to popular belief, blacks had a viable and vibrant culture before their exposure to Westerners.  FTP, identify this one-time disciple of Franz Boas and sociologist author of The Myth of the Negro Past.;;(Melville) Herskovits
;;The year after he took over, he founded the Patriotic Union Party as a front and two years later he organized another puppet organization, the National Consultative Assembly.  He initially pledged to rule only for 90 days, yet he was forced to resign after seven years, with the king appointing General Berenguer to succeed him.  Berenguer had commanded him during the Rif War and had given way when this man was asked to replace Prime Minister Marquis of Alcuhemas.  His most disastrous measure was the adoption of a corporate economy modeled on that of Italy.  FTP, name this man who ruled, from 1923 to 1930, as dictator of Spain.;;(Miguel) Primo de Rivera
;;It was so popular that a hundred years after it was written, Hannah More claimed that millions felt the grief the protagonist felt.  Like its author's The Fatal Marriage it was adapted for the stage by Thomas Southerne.  Though helped by Aban and Onahal in his campaign against the King, the young title warrior soon finds himself on the way to Parham House where Mr. Trefry renames the former Prince of Coromantien, Caesar.  It begins with the narrator's tale of witnessing the title figure finding and killing his beloved Imoinda, after which he is executed by Governor Byam for leading a revolt. FTP, name this work set on Suriname, a 1688 novel subtitled "The Royal Slave," written by Aphra Behn.;;Oroonoko
;;Nidaba and Memphis Facula are two notable palimpsests on this satellite's surface, though Gilgamesh is the largest one.  In October 1995 the Hubble Space Telescope detected ozone there and it has recently been shown to possess a magnetosphere embedded inside its planet's larger one.  Its icy shell exterior has also been slightly differentiated from neighboring Callisto.  FTP, name this third Galilean moon, the largest moon of Jupiter and the solar system.;;Ganymede
;;Human communities in and around it include Palm Island and Bamaga, while a modern laboratory on Heron Island continues the scientific work done on it by a namesake 1928 expedition. Its characteristic purplish red rim is formed by the Lithothamnion and Porolithon algae. It is an important nesting site for the green sea turtle and its extensive seagrass beds further inshore provide grazing for dugongs.  This largest UNESCO World Heritage Site extends to Papua New Guinea and is composed of 2100 individual structures and 800 fringe formations. FTP, name this system of coral reefs found off the northeastern coast of Australia.;;Great Barrier Reef
;;The ACLU filed an amicus curiae brief in this case and was represented by Bernard Berkman.  In delivering the majority opinion Justice Clark cited both Weeks v. U.S. and Boyd v. U.S., but it was Wolf v. Colorado that the court overturned much of.  The issue at hand was a call placed to the defendant's attorney, whose presence Cleveland police ignored in conducting their immediate investigation.  FTP, name this landmark 1961 case dealing with illegal search and seizure.;;Mapp (v(.)) (Ohio)
;;Disappointed with Kruschchev's dismissal of Stalin he sided with China and at the height of the Cultural Revolution called his country the world's first "atheist" state.  His execution of defense minister Koci Xoxe [Kochi Dzo-dze], only hinted at the atrocities committed at the state sponsored internment camps.  Replaced by his follower Ramiz Alia in 1981, he first served as prime minister from 1944 to 1954 after spearheading the battle to remove Italian influence and King Zog.  FTP, identify this totalitarian ruler of Albania.;;(Enver) Hoxha
;;The protagonist of this novel is haunted by the death of his sister Henrietta for which he blames his hypocritical mother, now president of the Executive Committee of the Societies for the Reconciliation of Racial Differences.  He finds little solace aside from sitting in a bathtub, reading newspapers and drinking, and he is shocked to find out that Herbert Kalick, once the leader of a local Hitler youth group, has received an award.  The novel uses a series of phone calls as flash backs to such scenes as the title figure's realization that Zupfner has tricked him and to memories of his once successful act based on pantomimes that exposed the absurdities of life.  It ends in a Bonn railway station with the realization that Marie will never return to the life of Hans Scheiner, the title character of, FTP, what Heinrich Boll novel?.;;The Clown
;;They are all tetracyclic diterpene acids possessing the namesake skeleton, with the only variance being those with 19 carbons and those with 20.  Among their common uses are the reduction of rind discoloration in citrus fruits and the increasing of barley malt yields for brewing.  More than 70 of them have been identified and many of those are produced by the fujikori fungus that gave them their name.  This is due to the fungus' causal involvement in "foolish seedling disease," which these compounds can regulate.  FTP, name this group of plant hormones, commonly symbolized by an uppercase "G.".;;gibberellins
;;Inspired by and dedicated to George Butterworth, the third movement is a nocturne followed by a scherzo, and its playful sounds of crowded streets include a simulated mouth organ. The second movement is slower as an idyllic grey-skied afternoon flies by, interrupted occasionally by a hansom cab's jingle.  The finale consists of an agitated theme with a march, suggested by a passage in Tono Bungay.  Its rippling flutes, violins, and violas represent the Thames and complement the earlier references to Westminster and Bloomsbury Square.  FTP, name this work, a symphony in G major, by Ralph Vaughn Williams.;;(The) London Symphony|Williams' Symphony No(.) 2 (don't) (need) (name)|(genre) (after) (they) (are) (mentioned)
;;In 1974 he appeared on the cover of British Vogue with Angelica Huston, becoming the first man to get the cover. Born and raised on a Banana Plantation in the Canary Islands, his move to London and work at Zapata caught the attention of the glitterati and he soon found himself designing for Perry Ellis and Calvin Klein.  The latter taught him about designing for a wider market and the first of his namesake boutiques opened in Hong Kong in 1991.  A self-described master of "toe cleavage" his work is currently more popular than ever due to a certain HBO show.  FTP, name this shoe designer whose strappy styles were coveted by Carrie Bradshaw on Sex and the City.;;(Manolo) Blahnik
;;Though neither of them appears onstage, the characters of Liz and Honoria Fraser are compared throughout.  Conflict in this play occurs after the Reverend Samuel comes to the summer cottage in Hasslemere where George Crofts unwittingly reveals that the former's son, Frank Gardner, may be related to the protagonist, making him unsuitable as a love interest. Meanwhile the anarchist Praed is telling the heroine to be pragmatic and accept the title character's love and money.  Vivie does eventually come to respect her mother, who had much earlier in life chosen to avoid death in a white-lead factory by choosing to exploit men's sexual desires.  FTP, identify this play about Kitty's revelation that she is a prostitute, a work by George Bernard Shaw.;;Mrs(.) Warren's Profession
;;This phenomenon is important in the distinguishing the different types of neutrinos, as an energetic muon will stay intact and produce a well-defined light cone, while an energetic electron will give rise to more electrons, and thus more diffuse light.  Sometimes referred to as the optical equivalent of a sonic boom, it arises when a charged particle travels faster than the speed of light in some medium.  FTP, identify this bluish-white radiation, often seen in "swimming pool" nuclear reactors, and named for its Russian discoverer.;;Cerenkov (radiation)
;;It has eight peaks rising a short distance from its 90 square kilometer plateau and it was first climbed by the Clinch expedition in 1966.  While the nearest town is Ushuaia, most planes trying to reach it leave from Punta Arenas.  It is actually named after a Congressman from Georgia who supported research done there during the International Geophysical Year.  Mt. Mohl and Mt. Tuck joint it as part of the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains.  FTP identify this tallest peak in Antarctica.;;Vinson Massif
;;When her widowed mother Eutychia was healed of a continuous hemorrhage at the tomb of Agatha, this young woman revealed her vow of virginity.  Unfortunately her former suitor betrayed her to the authorities, who came to take her to a brothel.  But God would not let them budge her and when they decided to set her on fire she was impervious.  She is sometimes portrayed holding two eyes on a dish, and in honor of her feast day on December 13, the eldest daughter in the family wears a crown of leaves studded with candles. FTP, identify this patron saint of Syracuse and Sweden.;;(Saint) Lucy|(Saint) Lucia
;;This one time editor of the North American Review saw his four terms as governor end when Marcus Norton exploited restrictive liquor laws to unseat him.  Though he earned his doctorate in Germany he is most affiliated with Harvard where he taught Greek and served as president.  As a politician he replaced Daniel Webster as secretary of State to Millard Fillmore, served in the Senate as a Whig, and ran for vice-president on the Constitutional Party ticket.  Although his grandiose Orations and Speeches for Many Occasions reached a ninth edition, FTP what man may be best remembered for preceding a terse speech by Abraham Lincoln at Gettysburg?.;;(Edward) Everett
;;In the book, it is John Olding who discovers the shocking details of a plot that was suggested by the author's aunt.  Minor characters include Bartle Massey, a schoolmaster who teaches the title character math, and Jonathan Burge, who employs him.  As the novel goes on, the bleakness of Snowfield and Stonyshire is contrasted with the fertility of Hayslope and Reverend Irwine finds out the truth about Martin Poyser's niece.  She had been abandoned by Arthur Donnithorne when she was pregnant.  Eventually Hetty Sorrel is eventually deported and Dinah Morris marries the title village carpenter in, FTP, what 1859 work by George Eliot?.;;Adam Bede
;;It causes a slight irregularity in the precession of the Earth's equinoxes, which would make perfect circles every 26,000 years without it.  In the case of the Earth, it happens because the plane of the moon's rotation about the Earth is 5 degrees off of the plane of the Earth's rotation around the sun, so a small oscillation with period 18.6 years and amplitude of around 9.2 seconds of arc is superimposed with the normal precession.  From the Latin word meaning "to nod," FTP name this physical phenomenon that subjects rotating objects to a small, bobbing motion.;;nutation
;;Lebniz discussed this man's views in "Conversation of Philarete and Ariste" while Hume's "Of the Idea of Necessary Connection" framed its discussion of causality with his arguments in mind.  In his own time the criticism of Antoine Arnauld led him to pen Principles of Nature and Grace, about the nature of evil.  But it was a chance reading of "Treatise on Man" that led him to write such works as Christian Meditations and Dialogues on Metaphysics and Religion, in which he argued that human knowledge is impossible without a relationship to God. FTP, identify this French Cartesian philosopher best known for The Search After Truth and his philosophy of occasionalism.;;(Nicolas) Malebranche
;;The first section ends with a discussion of "pissing on people" and taking them for granted, as Lena upbraids her brother for not allowing his sister to have a relationship with the lower class Henry Porter.  The novel begins in Michigan, shifts to Pennsylvania, where the protagonist moves after discovering his grandfather's skeleton at his aunt's house, and ends at Shalimar plantation where he finds out about his great grandfather, the legendary title figure, a slave who flew back to Africa.  The journey convinces the protagonist not to take after his father Macon Dead and to abandon the violent ideology and his friend Guitar.  Instead Milkman embraces the folk values of his aunt Pilate in, FTP, what novel with a Biblical name, a work by Toni Morrison?.;;Song of Solomon
;;The ideas of this group were promoted in works like On the Development of the Monist View of History.  Banned after the Kronstadt Rising, some of their members such as Tsereteli and Dan served in the Provisional Government, while others joined the white army.  Taking up many of their issues in the journal Iskra, they believed in a larger pool of active revolutionaries, like those found in other European socialist parties, and that Marxism could only be successful after the development of capitalism.  Led by Jules Martov and George Plekhanov, FTP, identify this faction of the Social Democratic Worker's Party who opposed the Bolsheviks.;;Mensheviks
;;A turning point in this novel occurs with the knowledge that moving a loose stone allows access to the aqueduct and thus entry into a besieged city guarded by the famous warrior Gisco.  The opening scene's debauchery, which includes the defilement of bejeweled fish in a private lake, provokes the first appearance of the protagonist.  She later loses her virginity in a scheme to recover the sacred veil of Tanit and is thus given to the Numidian warrior Narr Havas.  With Spendius urging him on, the Lybian giant Matho ends up fighting against his former commander Hamilcar and the novel ends with him being flayed alive before the title figure, a beautiful priestess of the moon, who then kills herself.  FTP identify this historical novel about Carthage by Gustave Flaubert.;;Salammbo
;;He was credited with averting a near riot by in Sherman when he convinced a group of "war widows" that officers were not withholding goods from their families. Originally a schoolteacher and gambler from Ohio, he first gained national headlines when he encountered General James Blunt's men on their way to Texas at Barter Springs and killed the whole group.  This followed his attempt to capture Senator James Lane, leading to a massacre in Lawrence, Kansas.  Flanked by his Lt., "Bloody" Bill Anderson, he made a point of recruiting such unwanted figures as the Younger and James brothers. FTP, identify this Confederate guerilla leader of an eponymous group of raiders.;;(William) (Clarke) Quantrill
;;Its inheritance was first demonstrated by Neel and Beet.  Pedigree analysis revealed three genotypes and phenotypes controlled by a single pair of alleles, A and S.  Affected individuals could arise from both homozygous genotypes.  Linus Pauling and his colleagues provided the molecular basis for this disease by showing changes in migration after a gel electrophoresis in two different hemoglobins but were unaware of the valine-glutamine substitution error.  FTP, identify this disease, named for the shape of the affected red blood cells.;;sickle(-)cell anemia
;;Legends surrounding this figure identify him as the dark one who wrestled Jacob, the destroyer of Sennacherib, and, according to the Midrash, a guardian of the Holy throne.  As the personification of thunder and terror he appears in the First book of Enoch to warn Noah of the deluge, and is usually cited as the wielder of the fiery sword who drives Adam and Eve from Eden.  Sent by God to answer Ezra's queries, Milton describes him as "regent of the sun."  FTP, identify this important angel whose name in Hebrew means "fire of God.".;;Uriel
;;It was painted shortly after its artist abandoned watercolors for thick applications of oil. Although it took nearly twenty years to complete, the compartments, black bordered shapes inspired by stained glass works, were evident from the earliest sketches. Dressed in glowing red robes, heavy impasto on the bottom left of the canvas makes it seem like the title figure is holding something in his left hand. Less ambiguous is the dark facial hair that frames his closed, resigned eyes, as well as the golden necklace that matches his crown. FTP identify this work portraying an aged monarch by Georges Rouault.;;The Old King
;;It ends with a tale about Booker's betrayal of the activist Johnny-Boy, who is avenged by his elderly mother Sue.  Another features Mann's escape from the authorities after a flood forces him to steal a boat.  The most famous tale is about a day at a swimming hole gone bad when the title character is surprised by a white woman, kills Jim in self-defense, and must hide in a snake-infested kiln to escape a lynch mob.  In 1940 the author decided to preface the book with his essay "The Ethics of Living Jim Crow" to set stories like "Down by the Riverside" and "Fire and Cloud" in context.  FTP, this story collection by Richard Wright that takes its title from an earlier work by Harriet Beecher Stowe.;;Uncle Tom's Children
;;Arrested twelve times in the space of one year due to the passage of the "Cat and Mouse Act," this figure's My Own Story documents how each release was celebrated with a procession on a flower-decked wagon.  Late in life, she joined the Conservative Party and ran for office.  But she is better known for the organization she founded with the motto "Deeds not Words."  That group, the Women's Social and Political Union, strove to undermine Liberal legislative control by interrupting Cabinet meetings. Often working alongside her equally radical daughters Christabel and Sylvia, FTP, identify this woman whose death in 1928 coincided with her ultimate goal: the passage of universal suffrage in Britain.;;(Emmeline) Pankhurst
;;In this equation, the variable L is used to indicate the heat absorbed per mole in the change from one state to another.  In the case of a transition from liquid to vapor, the volume of the liquid can be ignored.  This differential equation states that in a system containing two phases of the same substance, heat is added slowly so as to produce a reversible equilibrium between the two states.  FTP, identify this equation from physical chemistry that mathematically describes phase changes in a system, named after its two formulators.;;Clausius(-)Clapeyron (equation)
;;The third section discusses the influence of Gestalt theorists, the promulgation of "holism," and the title concept's relationship to Utopianism. The book ends by asserting that modern proponents of the subject are seduced by its emotional appeal and the false impression that they have discovered "the problem of change."  First published in a series of articles in Economica it was later appended by the paper "Indeterminism in Classical and Quantum Physics" and is dedicated to those who have fallen victim to the fascist and communist belief in destiny.  FTP, identify this work that argues against laws of progress and a social science based on studying the past, a book by Karl Popper.;;The Poverty of Historicism
;;His parents almost ruined his chance at stardom when they encouraged him to do Al Jolson in blackface at the age of 5. While this soured him on performing for a while, he did go to voice school in Edmonton and became a semifinalist on CBC's Pick the Stars.  He first acted onscreen in His and Hers, but it was his performance in Atlantic City that drew raves. He remains best known, though, for his appearances on television variety shows such as Ed Sullivan, on TV Funhouse, and for his stage work as both Lancelot and Arthur in Camelot.  FTP, name this lounge singing legend and Las Vegas entertainer of the year in 1982.;;(Robert) Goulet
;;Comic relief is provided throughout the play by Nuno and his master Don Mendo whose songs and actions mark them as analogues of the bawdy Chispa and her scheming husband Rebolledo.  The latter tries to aid his master in gaining access to the attic where Ines and her beautiful cousin are hiding from the recently arrived soldiers. The play ends with a rapist strangled in his jail cell and the arrival of Philip II, averting a war between Don Lope's regiment and the townspeople, who clamor for justice and are led by a proud farmer named Pedro Crespo.  FTP, identify this work by Calderon de la Barca which is named for the official of the title town.;;(The) Mayor of Zalamea|(El) Alcalde de Zalamea
;;After his political marriage to Gisulf II was exposed as a sham, he made war against the citizens of Amalfi and eventually took Salerno as his capital.  Though excommunicated for a time, the Concordat of Ceprano and his willingness to protect Rome and take up arms against Henry IV won him Gregory VII's thanks.  Although he won a great victory at Durazzo against Alexius Commenus, his dream of taking Constantinople was never achieved as he died during the siege of Cephalonia.  FTP, identify this Norman soldier, a Duke of Apulia who led the conquest of Southern Italy during the 11th century.;;(Robert) Guiscard|Robert de Hauteville
;;For a rod of mass M and length L spinning about its center at frequency omega, they carry away an energy per unit time equal to 2/45 M squared L to the fourth omega to the sixth.  In 1975, a system of two stars in an elliptical orbit with a maximum separation of roughly one solar radius was found by Hulse and Taylor; precision measurements of this system have shown a speedup in orbital frequency consistent with emission of these.  FTP, what is this form of radiation for which one needs a time-varying quadruple moment in a mass distribution?.;;gravitational waves
;;Sometimes worshipped as a God of air and wind, he won his first wife by defeating death thrice, yet when his bride died of grief he sought out a second daughter of the Northland.  When her mother refused this request, he abducted her on his sled and fled Pohjola.  But, her whining caused him to change her into a sea gull, and against Vainamoinen's wishes, to fashion a wife out of gold.  Yet, it is the quest for his greatest creation, which was given to Louhi, that dominates much of the Kalevala. FTP, identify this Finnish god of the forge who made the sampo.;;Ilmarinen
;;It features the conspiratorial aria "Umsonst such ich" and the foreboding "Wie alles war." The latter is sung by Erda in Act 4 and is soon followed by fratricide.  Earlier, Mime is tormented in the bowels of the underworld as he fashions the shape shifting Tarnhelm.  The action is set in motion with a renunciation of love underwater and the abduction of Freia, though by the end, Loge and Fricka help convince Wotan to renounce the treasure to Fasolt and Fafner.  FTP, identify this work named for the precious hoard seized by Alberich to make the Ring of the Nibelung, an opera by Richard Wagner.;;Das Rheingold
;;Though a fervent critic of Freud, in 1906 this man also published an analysis of dreams that focused on language disturbances.  After a stint in Wundt's laboratory, where he pioneered his nosology and studied the effects of drugs and alcohol on psychological health, he moved to Munich where he worked with Alzheimer.  His magnum opus was revised continuously, most notably in 1899 when he fine-tuned his distinction between exogenous and endogenous disorders by naming them as manic depression and dementia praecox, though the latter would soon be renamed schizophrenia.  FTP, name this man whose Compendium of Psychiatry devised the classification schemes that served as the foundation for the DSM.;;(Emil) Kraepelin
;;Ralph Cheever Dunning throws milk bottles at the narrator and Ford Madox Ford debates him about whether Henry James is a gentleman before pointing out that Hillaire Belloc is sitting in the corner, though it turns out to be Aleister Crowley.  It contains rapturous descriptions of goujon accompanied by Muscadet and the decision to go to Austria for the winter instead of leaving F. Puss, the cat, home alone with Bumby. It also recounts a trip to pick up a car in Cote'D Or with Scott Fitzgerald, but the most famous scene might be at the mechanic's shop when Gertrude Stein turns to the author and says "You are all a lost generation."  FTP, identify this memoir of Paris life in the 1920s, a work by Ernest Hemingway.;;A Moveable Feast
;;A frequent visitor to the U.S., first as an exile and then as an Ambassador, he became a close friend of Horace Mann, and his wife, Mary, who actually translated this man's most important works into English.  Warning against the disaster of caudillismo, or personal magnetism in politics, he and Urquiza plotted to overthrow his country's leadership, finally succeeding in 1852.  His own presidency saw the end of war against Paraguay.  FTP, identify this liberal Argentine statesman perhaps best known for his literary treatment of life under Juan Manuel de Rosas' dictatorship, Facundo.;;(Domingo) (Faustino) Sarmiento
;;They are number approximately 16,000 species, which are divided into the orders Centrales and Pennales, though they are sometimes grouped in their own phylum, Bacillariophyta.  They possess a pigment known as fucoxanthin, which acts like chlorophyll.   Their silicified cell wall forms a frustule, composed of an epitheca and a hypotheca, and helps in this organism's usefulness in testing a microscope's resolving power.  Known as "jewel of the sea" because of their symmetry, FTP, name these floating organisms consisting of two interlocking symmetrical valves.;;diatoms
;;After rewriting many of his works for a new audience, the success of The Fan convinced him to retire to Versailles, though he would die in poverty when his royal pension was cut by the Revolution. His early works include The Liar and The True Friend, while later works like Pamela and the dialect plays The Tyrants and Quarrels at Chioggia, dispensed with masked characters.  This decision embroiled him in a two feuds, one with Pietro Chiari, whom he satirized in The Malcontent, and the other with Carlo Gozzi, a more traditional adherent of commedia dell'arte.  FTP, identify this author of The Mine Hostess, the creator of the modern Italian comedy, and namesake of what was once the Teatro San Luca in Venice.;;(Carlo) Goldoni
;;His take on the Austrian school was published as Capital and Time and his article "Monopoly" introduced the concept of "conjectural variation" to unite theories of imperfect competition.  His 1937 work "Keynes and the Classics" introduced the IS-LM model and the "liquidity trap," while his namesake "compensation criteria" announced his move into the New Welfare economics.  Perhaps most well known for his assertion that utility need not be measurable to ascertain value, FTP, identify this economist the author of Value and Capital who shared the 1972 Nobel Prize with Kenneth Arrow.;;(John) (R(.)) Hicks
;;The revenge plot at the center of this work is exposed when a dove tastes the wine mixed with Gorgon blood that was intended for the title figure and dies.  The motif of the Gorgon is repeated when a well-preserved cradle featuring said design is brought out and a mother makes an amazing discovery.  Beginning with a monologue by Hermes outside of the Oracle, Trophonius convinces a delighted Xuthus that he will soon have a son, but when his wife refuses to accept the young servant with a mysterious past into the family, it becomes clear that she had once been violated by and had lost her child.  FTP, name this Euripides work about a notable King of Athens, the son of Creusa and Apollo.;;Ion
;;Coleridge's 1800 translation of this work was so savagely attacked that he refused to translate Goethe's Faust.  Among the figures we meet in the first section are men under the command of Butler, Tiefenbach, and Terzky, though the title character does not appear until the second part. That second part concerns the title character's mistrust of his most faithful subordinate, Ocatvio, whose surname of Piccolomini forms the title of that part. Based on the author's research into the Thirty Years War, FTP, name this dramatic trilogy by Friedrich Schiller about the titular general.;;Wallenstein
;;The cereal named for him is designed to turn milk blood red and is one of the most amusing of the useless items that you may spend your hard-earned Kurrency on in the Krypt.  This "extortionist thief" and his greatest adversary were only background elements in the second member of the series that originated them; though this knife expert was once again playable in the third in that series, which introduced Kabal, another member of this character's criminal organization, the Black Dragon.  FTP, name this nemesis of Sonya Blade a Mortal Kombat character known for his "cannonball" special move and metallic eye implant.;;Kano
;;This geographic feature is named for the ancient capital of the Urartian kingdom that lies on its shores.  Its extreme salinity prevents the existence of life outside the darekh carp.  Formed in the Pleistocene epoch by a lava flow from the nearby Nemrut volcano, islands in this body of water include Aktamar and arpanak.  This near-triangular golu is fed by the Bendimahi and Micinger rivers.  FTP, name this lake that, with a surface area of 3,713 square kilometers, is the largest Turkey.;;(Lake) Van|Van (Golu)
;;This phenomenon's namesake Hamiltonian operator is the sum of a kinetic energy relativistic correction operator and the SO [ess-oh] Hamiltonian operator.  Its combination with the Zeeman Hamiltonian operator as a perturbing operator predicts the anomalous Zeeman effect.  For the electron in a one-electron atom, the SO Hamiltonian operator is proportional to the scalar product of the orbital and spin angular momentum operators and is, therefore, a measure of spin-orbit coupling, which leads to the namesake type on non-degeneracy-breaking energy level splitting.  FTP, name this atomic spectroscopic phenomenon whose namesake constant is symbolized as alpha and is approximately equal to 1/137 ("one over one hundred thirty-seven").;;fine structure
;;After this man completed an economics degree at Nanking, he hitchhiked home through Tibet, describing his experiences in From Heaven Lake.  His The Humble Administrator's Garden is also drawn from his time in China, though another poetry collection, Mappings, remains his best reviewed.  His most recent novel, An Equal Music, is not as creative as an earlier novel written entirely in sonnets, The Golden Gate.  FTP, name this Indian author best known for his massive novel A Suitable Boy.;;(Vikram) Seth
;;This work finds its motivation early in the first of three books by noting that man's relationship to the "reliable world" is such that "should he die in it, his grave would be in nothingness" because it is only in the object of the titular concept that "man meets what exists."  Throughout it, the author argues for an ethic that does not use other people.  Written as 46 aphorisms, it notes that, though impossible on the material level, the relationship embodied by the title can exist between man and other beings and, more fundamentally, must be the appropriate relation between man and God.  FTP, name this magnum opus of Martin Buber.;;I and Thou|Ich und Du
;;A year after he came to power, he appointed muhta saibs [moo-ta sye-eebz], or censors of public morals, from the ranks of the ulema [oo-LEMM-uh], or clergy.  That same year, he delivered the head of one of his brothers to his father.  By then, he had already killed Murad and Shuja, his two others brothers.  Of course, before he beheaded his eldest brother, Dara Shikoh, he had imprisoned his father.  Until his 1707 death, his empire would expand to its greatest historical borders.  FTP, name this son of Shah Jahan and last great Mughal emperor.;;Aurangzeb
;;This functional group is often added to estradiol agonists to make orally active contraceptives.  Hydroboration produces either an aldehyde or ketone via tautomerization from an enol intermediate, while an acidic potassium permanganate solution cleaves them and forms two carboxylic acids. When found terminally on a carbon chain, they are very weakly acidic and form highly nucleophilic anions in the presence of sodium amide; these are often used to lengthen a carbon chain in a synthesis. In a dissolving metal solution, they can be reduced to trans-alkenes, while hydrogenation in the presence of Lindlar's catalyst can reduce them to cis-alkenes.  FTP, name this functional group composed of two carbons connected by a triple bond.;;alkynes
;;This man inscribed simulacrum veritatis tempore detegendae on the base of his unfinished work, Truth, which was removed from his home in 1924. His Saint Longinus is among his most underrated works, and The Goat Amalthea with the Infant Jupiter and a Faun and Aeneas, Anchises, and Ascanius Fleeing Troy show the influence of his father.  Though his plans for an infamous series of campaniles ended in disgrace, he did achieve success with his design for Sant'Andrea al Quirinale and the Cornaro Chapel, which houses one of his most famous works.  FTP, name this sculptor of The Fountain of the Four Rivers, The Baldacchino of St. Peter's and The Ecstasy of St. Theresa.;;(Gian) (Lorenzo) Bernini
;;Walter Savage Landor has two "Imaginary Conversations" between this figure and his companion Rhodope.  It was only in the 14th-century that Maximus Planudes popularized the notion of his ugliness and deformity.  His popularity had been promoted in classical times by Babrius and Phaedrus, and it was Herodotus who claimed that he was freed by the Thracian Iadmon.  His work only became widespread in Europe in the 16th-century with Jean de La Fontaine's verse translations.  FTP, name this legendary author of "The Fox and the Grapes," "The Tortoise and the Hare," and numerous other fables.;;Aesop
;;He translated the first book of Lucretius' De Rerum Natura, and also wrote several essays, including "Pascal on True Religion."  His association with the Conference la Bruyere, a student society, encouraged him to write more poetry, collections of which include Destinies and Revolt of the Flowers.  His more famous poems include "Justice" and "Happiness", although he may be best known for the lyrics in Stanzas and Poems, which included the poems "Trials," "Solitudes," and "The Broken Vase."  FTP, name this member of the French Parnassian movement and winner of the first Nobel Prize in Literature.;;(Sully) Prudhomme|(Rene(-)Francois(-)Armand) Prudhomme
;;The losing side in this battle had intended to retreat and be reinforced by General Vinoy and the newly formed Thirteenth Corps but it was forced to stand and fight.  One of the losing co-commanders was appropriately named Wimpffen, and it was he who advocated a retreat back over the Meuse.  General Ducrot took over at the titular forest after his commander had been struck by a shell splinter.  Unfortunately that wounded commander, Marshal MacMahon's, would see his predicament worsen as his side was crushed by forces under Marshal von Moltke.  FTP, name this disastrous 1870 defeat for Louis Napoleon in the Franco-Prussian War.;;(Battle) (of) Sedan
;;He attempted to argue the plight of Cuban activists in Listen Yankee: The Revolution in Cuba, and he characterized Russian and American foreign policy as "crackpot realism" in his ominous The Causes of World War Three.  He collaborated with Hans Gerth on From Max Weber and another work, Character and Social Structure.  Better known is a work setting forth how social sciences should be pursued, The Sociological Imagination, and his study of the "American Middle Classes," White Collar.  FTP, name this sociologist who critiqued the organization of influence in the United States in 1956's The Power Elite.;;(Charles) (Wright) Mills
;;The father of this family is demoted by his own troops so that he can return to his family.  Drusilla is a cousin of this family, who is pressured into marrying the father, though she loves the son.  That son lends his name to the firstborn of the next three generations of the family and appears in such shorts stories as "My Grandmother Millard," which he narrates and "There was A Queen."  He eventually becomes the mayor of Jefferson.  Most of the information of this family is gleaned from two novels, The Unvanquished and a namesake one.  FTP, name this family created by William Faulkner, whose notable members included Colonel John and Old Bayard.;;Sartoris
;;This work was given Szollosy number 116 and the impetus for its Koussevitzky Society commission secretly came from Fritz Reiner, who had studied under its composer many years earlier. The fourth of this work's five movements, "Intermezzo interrotto," quotes the "Leningrad" Symphony of Shostakovich, which the leukemic composer heard on his radio while resting in the Adirondacks in 1943.  The second movement, "Giuoco delle Coppie," utilizes a convention from Dalmatian folk music. FTP, name this strangely-titled transcription for piano by Bela Bartok.;;Concerto for Orchestra(,) (Sz(.)) (116(,)) (BB) (127)
;;For the Helmholtz equation with constant k, this distribution may be succinctly defined as the sum over all n of the product of the nth eigenfunction at the field and source points, divided by the quantity k2 ("kay-squared") minus the nth eigenvalue squared.  This is, in general, the kernel such that its convolution with the density function in an operator equation yields the solution to that equation.  FTP, name this type of generalized function that can, in principle, be found for an operator L using the equation L operating on g of r given r-prime equals delta of r minus r-prime, and its namesake's second identity.;;Green's function
;;Comic incidents in this play include a scene where the two daughters of the Megarian are sold as sucking-pigs, and the Informer is packed up in a crate and bought by the Boeotian.  Various insults are jabbed at Euripides on the side as Cleon and his various henchmen refuse to cease the fighting with other city-states, leading Dicaeopolis to seek his own peace with the enemy. The first of three works condemning the Peloponnesian Wars, FTP, name this Aristophanes play whose title group consists of old men from a certain city.;;Acharnians|Acharneis
;;Talking Heads stated that a character by this name drinks "cold beer/ From metal cans" before celebrating his birthday in a hotel room with "party favors" in 1998. 1965 saw another character with this name scorned by a geek and a one-eyed midget in spite of having "been through all of / F. Scott Fitzgerald's books," according to Bob Dylan.  FTP, give the shared name of these characters and another, the son of a flamenco guitarist who finds the perfect mate while "stumbling through the barrio" with a friend in a namesake 1993 Counting Crows hit.;;(Mister) Jones
;;The simplest model of them is a one-dimensional quantum mechanical harmonic chain.  The dispersion relation related their frequency to their wave number, and their speed of propagation in a lattice is given by the slope of the relation.  When treated as particles, they are bosons possessing zero spin.  They contribute to many of the physical properties of materials such as thermal and electrical conductivity, since, for example, the propagation of them is responsible for the conduction of heat in insulators.  FTP, name these quantizations of vibrations occurring in a rigid crystal lattice.;;phonons
;;In his time as a resident in the Berkshire college town of Athena, he has witnessed the blacklisting of Ira Ringold during the communist witch hunts of the McCarthy Era.  He has also seen an act of political terrorism in the late sixties tear apart the Levov family.  Perhaps more famously, he has seen scandal surrounding the unintentional use of a racial slur by former Athena classics professor Coleman Silk.  In all these roles he is the narrator of the so-called America trilogy.  FTP, name this retired novelist and alter ego of Philop Roth, who becomes "Unbound" in another Roth novel.;;(Nathan) Zuckerman
;;Decrees during his rule included prohibition of moving between provinces and complete disarmament of the peasants, solidifying the class system for another 300 years.  He invaded Korea with the campaign of Bunroku, but soon after he had seized the whole peninsula he was driven out by Ming-aided rebels.  He tried to get Yoshiaki to adopt to legitimize a claim to become shogun, but he was forced to live as regent and de facto ruler till his 1598 death.  FTP, name this Japanese ruler, a one-time subordinate of and successor to Oda Nobunaga.;;(Toyotomi) Hideyoshi
;;The shadow of the sundial falls on nine, the depicted character's hour of death.  In the background one red and one dark figure flank the light source, a clearing in some trees.  The subject sits with hands folded and eyes closed while a poppy is placed in her lap by a red bird with a halo.  Actually a portrait of the artist's wife, Elizabeth Siddell, this is FTP, what Dante Gabriel Rossetti painting depicting the beloved of Dante.;;Beata Beatrix
;;A number of neuropeptides have been located within this structure, including neuropeptide Y, vasopressin, and somatostatin.  Environmental light sensory input to it enters from the eyes via the retinohypothalamic tract.  It consists of paired clusters of several thousand neurons located above where the optic nerves cross in the hypothalamus.  FTP, name this region of the mammalian brain that controls the body's circadian rhythms.;;suprachiasmatic nucleus|SCN
;;Any chance of the losers fighting a holding battle was lost when the other side retook the city of Orel.  In the three months leading up to it, the defenders had brought in 500,000 railway wagons of supplies, and despite the attackers' 30-mile penetration into the defender's salient, the attacking command, under Model and Hoth, could not find a breakthrough.  After nine days of horrendous fighting, the forces of Vassilevsky and Zhukov.  FTP, name this July 1943 defeat of the Germans in Russia, known as the largest tank battle in history.;;Kursk
;;In some legends he is accompanied by a figure known as Eabani.  The identify of his father is uncertain, though the father may have been a vampire lord or simply a fool, which is the literal translation of his name of "lillu."  His father is occasionally referred to as Lugulbanda, and his mother is always named as Ninsun.  In his adventures he meets such figures as Ur-shanabi and the demon Humbaba, which he kills with the help of a friend.  With that friend, Enkidu, he is seeking out the sage Utnapishtim.  FTP, name this king of Uruk and hero of a famous Sumerian epic.;;Gilgamesh
;;It was the final concerto of its composer's career, as well as his final composition using the orchestra.  Dating from 1887, this piece followed the composer's fourth and final symphony by two years.  Through the composition of this piece, written in A minor, the composer hoped to sooth his two musician friends Robert Hausmann and Joseph Joachim.  Famous renditions of this piece have been performed by such pairs as David Oistrakh and Mstislav Rostropovich and Itzhak Perlman and Yo-Yo Ma.  FTP, name this concerto by Johannes Brahms, written for violin and cello.;;Double Concerto (for) (Violin(,)) (Cello(,)) (and) (Orchestra) (in) (A) (Minor(,)) (Op) (102)
;;Like lysine, it has an unusually flexible sidechain that allows it to adopt a very large number of conformations, important in biological processes such its major presence in receptor proteins that allow only hydrophobic molecules through.  Its terminal methyl group on its sidechain often participates in biochemical methyl transfer reactions making it a member of the "methyl donor" class of biochemicals.  For ten points, name this essential amino acid, one of only two-sulfur-containing-DNA-encoded amino acids, and the first amino acid incorporated into the N-terminal position of all eukaryotic proteins.;;methionine
;;This play ends happily with the protagonist being untied from a noose and setting off from the inn that serves as the play's setting.  The protagonist had earlier become a village celebrity after winning the mule race during the yearly festival and unbeknownst to him becomes the object of Dame Quin's desire.  His own attentions are lavished on the daughter of Michael Flaherty, who breaks her engagement with Shawn Keogh after he arrives.  That girl turns against the protagonist after he strikes his father a second time, mistakenly thinking he has killed the man again.  FTP, name this play about young Christy Mahon, a work by J.M. Synge.;;(The) Playboy of the Western World
;;Its second incarnation held its first national convention in Toledo, Ohio.  Among the issues on the platform were the support of an eight-hour workday and the restriction of Chinese immigration.  The first incarnation had only lasted for one presidential election, having nominated the woeful 85-year old philanthropist Peter Cooper.  The party withered away after the disappointing showing of its final presidential candidate, Benjamin Butler.  The impetus for its formation was its members' dissatisfaction with a bill that had initially been vetoed by Grant - the Specie Resumption Act.  FTP, name this American political party of the 1870s and 80s that advocated the issuance of the namesake paper currency.;;Greenback(-)Labor (Party)
;;Its author states that the tough mined can be satisfied with the "hurly-burly of the sensible facts of nature" and that the tender-minded can take up a monistic form of religion in a later section of this work.  The author had already set forth the designations of tough and tender-minded in the first section, "The Present Dilemma in Philosophy."  What follows is a famous anecdote about a man, a squirrel, and a tree trunk, which the author uses to demonstrate the method of the titular philosophy.  FTP, name this collection of lectures published in 1907, a work by William James.;;Pragmatism
;;It rises in the Kailas Range and is known by several names along its course until the city of Sadiya at which point it changes names from the Dihang to its best-known name.  In ancient times it was known by one of two other names, Dyardanes or Oedanes.  It flows south for another 500 miles before dividing into two channels, one of which is the Jamuna River.  By that time it has already run a 900-mile eastward course through Tibet.  FTP, name this 1,800 mile long river that joins the Ganges Delta before flowing into the Bay of Bengal.;;Brahmaputra (River)
;;It holds true even if the quantities are not independent as long as they are not highly correlated and even if they have different distributions.  How large a sample size n is required for its result to be true is dependent on the population distribution - if the population is normally distributed, an n of 1 is sufficient.  FTP, name this theorem which states that the distribution of an average tends to be normal, even when the distribution from which the average is computed is decidedly non-normal.;;Central Limit Theorem
;;One of his earliest poems, "The Ages," was the only one he would write in Spenserian stanza.  Poems like "The Yellow Violet" and "To the Fringed Gentian" marked the high point of his literary achievement, though they fail to achieve the emotion of "October, 1866," written on the occasion of his wife's death.  He first gained notice with a collection subtitled "Sketches of the Times," and its title poem, "The Embargo."  FTP, name this long time editor of the New York Review and New York Evening Post, perhaps best known for his pair of poems "To a Waterfowl" and "Thanatopsis.".;;(William) (Cullen) Bryant
;;The second was strengthened by meetings at Laibach, Tropau, and Verona and was primarily negotiated by James Stanhope.  That one was a reaction to the policies of Cardinal Alberoni and his influence in urging Philip V to military action.  It would partly be reaffirmed by the Family Compact of 1733.  The last was intended to strengthen the throne of Isabella II but failed miserably, as the Carlists waged war for several years.  FTP, give this name given to any one of three separate European coalitions of 1718, 1814, and 1834.;;Quadruple Alliance
;;The logarithm of the general formula for the nth one yields the Mobius inversion formula.  Xn-1 (X to the n minus 1) is equal to the product of all the dth [deeth] ones as d divides n.  The most common definition for the nth one is the product of all X minus zetak, where zetak runs through the primitive nth roots of unity.  FTP, identify these polynomials whose name comes from the Greek for "circle splitting.".;;(Answer) cyclotomic (polynomials)
;;At one point the title character of this work attempts to escape his imprisonment with the use of some artificial wings, but they fail.  He strengthens his resolve after he hears the poet Imlac's description of the outer world.  When he finally does escape to Cairo, he is persuaded to take his sister Nekayah and her maid Pekuah.  His goal is to find a happy man, but the only one he finds is a philosopher of reason.  FTP, name this tale about a Prince of Abyssinia, which was written to pay for the funeral of the author's mother, a historical romance by Samuel Johnson.;;(The) (History) (of) Rasselas(,) (Prince) (of) (Abyssinia)