;;This author's librettos include one for Philip Glass's 1000 Airplanes on the Roof. His last play, a Pulitzer finalist, centers on a character named Lone who trains a friend in opera amidst a California strike in 1867; it was titled The Dance and the Railroad. In another work, he wrote about Mark and Terri, who portray different races at an S&M parlor in Los Angeles. He earned an Obie Award in 1981 for a work about the encounter between Dale, an A.B.C., his cousin Grace, and Steve, the title character of his F.O.B.  FTP, name this first Asian-American writer to win a Tony Award, who is best known for the play M. Butterfly.;;(David) (Henry) Hwang
;;The second man to hold this position, Edward Coles, spent most of his term fighting a proposed convention which would have legalized slavery.  This position was held at the end of the 19th century by John Tanner, who defeated an incumbent who might have been the Democratic presidential candidate in 1896 had he not been born in Germany.  In the 1930s, Henry Horner became the first Jew to hold this position, which has more recently been occupied by Daniel Walker and Jim Edgar.  Also held by John Reynolds, John Peter Altgeld, and Adlai Stevenson, FTP, name this governmental position whose most recent holders include the criminal George Ryan and Rod Blagojevich.;;Governor (of) Illinois
;;This quantity appears as a density term proportional to the scale factor raised to the power minus 3 times the quantity 1 plus w-sub-Q in the Friedmann equation. If this quantity can vary with time, it will result in density perturbations, although these are suppressed in most cosmological models. George Efstathiou at Cambridge has found evidence for it in the clustering of 250,000 galaxies, and some form of it is believed to make up about 2/3 of the critical density in lambda-CDM models. This phenomenon results in a negative pressure in the acceleration equation, and candidates for it include quintessence and vacuum energy. FTP, identify this energy term enfolded within the cosmological constant, which is believed to drive the expansion of the universe.;;dark energy
;;His apprenticeship featured plein-air works such as Morning, while History shows an older man and a young boy sitting under the shade of an oak tree. The Day After depicts a woman sleeping next to abandoned liquor bottles, while his Madonna offers herself to the viewer as she stands next to an embryo. His self portraits include one "between a clock and a bed" and one "in hell." It was in Berlin that he began a 22 painting cycle that he would title The Frieze of Life, as well as complete his most celebrated pictures including Puberty and Vampire. His most famous work depicts an orange and red sky in the background as a bald man on a bridge holds his head and emits the titular shout. FTP, name this Norwegian artist of The Scream.;;(Edvard) Munch
;;In on of this author's short stories, a young woman is swindled by a man who asks for money to open a Ford dealership. Another of his works centers on a conversation with a long-dead Spanish painter whom the narrator sees in a cafe.  In addition to "Notes on Goya," this man wrote a novel about the time spent in Travnik by the French consul Daville, and he created the characters of Chamil and Karadjoz in his novel about an Istanbul prison, The Damned Yard. He is more famous for a novel that depicts 400 years of Ottoman rule, a work centered around a titular structure in the town of Vishegrad.  FTP, name this Serbian author of The Woman From Sarajevo, The Bosnian Chronicle, and The Bridge on the Drina.;;(Ivo) Andric
;;One part of this work cites Veblen's "The Breadline and the Movies" in a discussion of the "conspiracy theory" of popular culture. The transformation of Scientific American is noted in a section on "The Reservoir of Indignation" while another section considers the question of "Adjustment or Autonomy?" This work discusses the importance of population growth in shaping the middle class, and portends a world lacking in people driven by an "internal gyroscope."  FTP, name this "study of the changing American character" which differentiates between inner-directed and outer-directed personalities, a book written by Nathan Glazer, Reuel Denny, and David Resiman.;;(The) Lonely Crowd
;;Sufferers of this disease often develop clubbing in the extremities, and male patients are often infertile because of blockage or failed development of the vas deferens.  Hypothesized to have a high prevalence due to conferring a heterozygote advantage against cholera and salmonella, the most common mutation causing this disease is the deletion of phenylalanine-508 in its namesake ABC transporter, which is coded on chromosome 7.  Diagnosed by the sweat test, FTP, name this chloride channelopathy that causes a massive buildup of mucus in many epithelial tissues, most notably the lungs.;;Cystic Fibrosis|CF
;;According to one tradition, it is the last of 14 stages known as gunasthanas, and those who have it get to live in Isatpragbhara.  In that tradition, it can be acquired through "right conduct," "right belief," and "right knowledge," which are known as the Ratnatraya collectively. According to another tradition, it consists of ananda which can be achieved through japa, while another religion holds that there are four margas which lead to it, including the path of knowledge, or Jnana, and love, or Bhakti.  In Jainism, it results when the atman has shed his karma.  FTP, give this term which in Indian religions refers to the soul's release from the cycle of becoming known as samsara.;;moksha|mukti
;;This city's Moises Lucarelli stadium is home to its soccer team. Its business district is focused on a "Triangle" section, and in honor of this city's high proportion of residents of Italian descent, what was once the tallest building in the city is called Edificio Italia. Founded by Jose de Anchieta and Manoel da Nobrega in 1554 to convert the Tupi-Guarani natives to Catholicism, its country's independence was proclaimed on a site marked by the monument of Ipiranga. It is located on the river Tiete, in the hills of Serra do Mar, and the Tropic of Capricorn passes through it. FTP, name this Brazilian city, the largest in the southern hemisphere.;;Sao Paulo
;;At one point in this work, one character vomits up the meat prepared from a dog he killed because he hasn't eaten meat in years. Weigand creates a surprisingly light coffin for one of the title characters, who are warned against singing Moritz Jaeger's marching song by the policeman Kutsche, and whose procession is opposed by Pastor Kittelhaus.  The overseer Dreissiger has the young Becker arrested, but the title characters free him and begin a riot, in which they are joined by Luise and Gottlieb despite the advice of Old Hilse. Based on riots that took place in the author's birthplace of Silesia, FTP, name this play about the revolt of the titular workers, written by Gerhart Hauptmann.;;(The) Weavers|(Die) Weber
;;This man's son Henry was the first United States commissioner of patents. Though this man did not sign the Constitution, he promoted its ratification in his Letters of a Landholder.  He reluctantly agreed to be appointed commisioner to France in 1799, three years after he took a position which had been declined by William Cushing.  He proposed the use of the phrase "United States" as a member of the five-man committee which drafted the Constitution; that committee was chaired by the man who preceded him in his most prominent position, John Rutledge.  He also joined with Roger Sherman to create the Connecticut Compromise. FTP, name this politician who was the third Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.;;(Oliver) Ellsworth
;;In one section of this work, one part of the orchestra plays a march in 4/4 while the rest of the orchestra plays a quick waltz in triple time. Earlier in this work, the flute and oboe are used to represent the Goddess Liberty, which a child sees after wandering away from Fourth of July celebrations; that section borrows themes from its composer's earlier "Country Band March." This work's first section is accompanied by a poem written by its composer, and it borrows melodies from folk songs like "Old Black Joe." That section of this work is dedicated to a Saint-Gaudens statue of Colonel Shaw. "The Housatonic at Stockbridge" and "Putnam's Camp" are the last two sections of, FTP, what work by Charles Ives whose sections represent the title locales?.;;Three Places in New England
;;One of his children was the nymph-goddess Chione, while another of his children, Butes, violated a bacchant named Coronis, who responded by driving him insane. Later, he fell in love with Danaus' mare and fathered 12 horses who could ride over fields of grain without destroying vegetation. Two of his other offspring played an important role in the quest for the Golden Fleece by saving King Phineas from the harpies. Those two heroes were Zetes and Calais, and they were born to Oreithyia, who was originally abducted from the river Ilissus by this god.  FTP, name this son of Aestraus and Eos who was often contrasted with Zephyrus, a deity who represented the North Wind.;;Boreas
;;He argued that being able to perform a task is logically independent of theorizing about the principles of that task in his essay "Knowing How and Knowing That."  He criticized the tendency to confuse grammatical and logical similarities in his essay "Systematically Misleading Expressions," which advanced a view he later refined in a book which argued that most philosophical problems arise from holding two or more seemingly incompatible opinions.  In addition to writing 1954's Dilemmas, he argued against the "'Fido'-Fido" theory of meaning, while his best known work opposes "Cartesian dualism" and the dogma of the "ghost in the machine."  FTP, name this British philosopher who wrote The Concept of Mind.;;(Gilbert) Ryle
;;A modification accounting for Brownian motion was made to this equation by Lars Onsager in 1925, earning him an assistantship with one of its namesakes.  The Bronstead-Bjerrum formula is derived from its underlying assumptions, and the Pitzer equation is used instead of it for solutions of concentration greater than 0.1 molar.  It makes the assumption that the chemical potential of an ion is dependent on the ions surrounding it, and it is used when solutions do not follow ideal behavior.  FTP, name this equation developed by two chemists which is used to find an ion's activity.;;Debye(-)Huckel (equation)
;;The task of executing certain prisoners captured during the best-known of these clashes led to the invention of primitive death chambers known as noyades. They broke out shortly after the battle of Neerwinden, ended with the failure of a British-backed invasion at Quiberon Bay, and saw the execution of Stofflet and Charette by troops under Lazare Hoche. Defeats suffered by its instigators included the battles of Cholet and Le Mans, and among the actions which prompted them was the passage of the "Civil Consitution of the Clergy" and the conscription order of February 1793. Led primarily by royalist nobles, FTP, identify this counter-revolutionary uprising against the First Republic, which takes its name from a region of western France.;;(the) (Wars)|(Uprisings)|(Revolts)|(whatever) (of) (the) Vendee
;;He wrote a variation on Henry James' Turn of the Screw in which a composer named "D" kills the titular character, Aghwee the Sky Monster, and attacked a famous countryman in the novella The Day He Himself Shall Wipe My Tears Away. A writer leaves his son in the care of Ma-Chan to spend a year at the University of California in his A Quiet Life, while a terrorist incident in his homeland was the basis for his novel about the Church of the New Man, Somersault. He has also written a novel featuring sodomy with a cucumber and one about a mentally ill boy and a black man named Bird, A Personal Matter.  FTP, identify this Japanese author of Nip the Bud, Shoot the Kids and The Silent Cry.;;(Kenzaburo) Oe
;;Sir John Lauder, Lord Fountainhall, was offered the post of Lord Advocate but declined it because it came with the condition that he not prosecute the people responsible for this event. Major Duncason signed the order for this event, asking to "fall upon the rebels" and "put all to the sword under 70." The orders were given to Robert Campbell, who at that point had already been received hospitably by the rebels for more than two weeks, and this event had been anticipated by the issuance of the "letters of fire and sword," while the Earl of Breadalbane was never implicated. Taking place after Alexander MacDonald was unable to swear an oath of allegiance to William of Orange due to the absence of a magistrate, FTP, name this massacre that occurred on February 13, 1692 in a certain Scottish valley.;;(Massacre) (of) Glencoe
;;One character in this work lies alive on the ground while his brother Nicholas announces to his mother Margaret that he has killed him. Taking place in the market town of Cool Clary, this work sees the aforementioned scene take place because Nicholas hopes to win the hand of Alizon, who had left a convent after the marriages of her five sisters. Humphrey is promised her hand, but he rejects her at the end of this work, which is irrelevant since she has married Hebble Tyson's clerk, Richard. This takes place while a discharged soldier, who has been trying to get hanged, falls in love with a woman who has been accused of turning a man into a dog. Skipps turns up, however, preventing Jennet Jourdemayne from being charged with witchery as she flees with Thomas Mendip in, FTP, which comedy by Christopher Fry?.;;(The) Lady's Not for Burning
;;One character in this work reviews knights for a tournament which is won by a competitor in rusty armor emblazoned with the motto "In hac spe vivo."  That character is a daughter of the King of Pentapolis who is found by Cerimon and Philomon, after which she becomes a priestess at Ephesus.  In the fourth act of this paly, Dionyza encourages Leonine to commit a murder, but the girl he wants to kill is instead seized by pirates and ends up in a brothel.  It opens with a prologue spoken by Gower, and features women named Thaisa and Marina. FTP, name this Shakespearean romance about a prince of Tyre.;;Pericles(,) (Prince) (of) (Tyre)
;;One commander at this battle was almost killed by Henry de Bohun while riding alone in front of his lines, but saved himself by killing Bohun with a battle axe.  The defending army was drawn up into three squares, and a series of pits with stakes at the bottom was dug in front of their line.  After the Earl of Gloucester was killed on the second day of fighting, it turned into a rout and the losing commander was forced to flee to Dunbar Castle.  FTP, name this battle fought south of Stirling Castle in the summer of 1314, in which Edward II's army was defeated by Robert Bruce.;;(Battle) (of) Bannockburn
;;Max Klinger completed a cycle "Of" this figure, while Egon Schiele's work depicts this figure hugging a woman. Moreau depicts him behind a young man and in a painting by Erhard Schon he is muscular and carries a spear in both hands.  J.M.W. Turner depicted him carrying nothing in an amazingly blurry painting and the artist of The Forest of Arden featured him in a work alternately titled The Race Track. He is depicted alongside a "maiden" by Hans Baldung Grien, while in a Benjamin West painting this figure wears a gold crown and, as in the aforementioned Albert Pinkham Ryder work, rides a pale horse.  FTP, name this figure whose Triumph was depicted by Breughel the Elder.;;Death
;;One variation on this equation is the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation, which accounts for instances involving multiple ions and a non-equilibrium steady state.  A very intuitive derivation of this equation requires the use of Boltzmann factors and the probabilities of certain redox reactions.  However, it is most commonly presented in terms of entropy and Gibbs free energy.  FTP, identify this equation from electrochemistry which is named after a German scientist and which calculates a system's electric potential.;;Nernst (equation)
;;The main character wakes up at 5:30 after having a dream about trees and decides to go to his mother's to get an aspirin.  The narrator's sister, Margot, invites the protagonist to her house, and feels jealous of his fiancee, Flora Miguel. Important symbols in this work include Bayardo's Model T, while important settings include Clothilde Armenta's milk shop, where a group of men obtain their implements of destruction from Faustino Santos. Although Colonel Lazaro Aponte could have prevented the title event, he decides to check on his dominoes game instead.  Focusing on the Vicario brothers' avenging their sister Angela by killing Santiago Nasar, this is, FTP, what Gabriel Garcia Marquez novella?.;;Chronicle of a Death Foretold|Cronica de un muerte anunciada
;;In 1990 Kahneman, Knetch, and Thaler undermined the behavioral basis for this idea by demonstrating the "endowment effect." In the original paper on it, the author analyzed a section of Halsbury's Laws of England to show how it improved on earlier schemes. In previous solutions, parties would need to internalize their externalities through tax or subsidy, an idea associated with Pigou. Named by George Stigler, it reimagines negotiating parties as a single agent able to bargain optimally. First described in the 1960 paper "The Problem of Social Cost," FTP, identify this theorem which states that, absent transaction costs, any government allocation of property rights is efficient, named after the 1991 winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics.;;Coase (Theorem)
;;He spent his exile in Monaco, where he had traveled with 200 suitcases, and near the end of his life he was described as a "stomach with a head."  According to her biography, opera singer Irma Minutolo secretly married him in Italy. Known as a notorious kleptomaniac-he even stole a watch from Winston Churchill-his lavish lifestyle was on display when he kept the lights on at the palace while his capital was being bombed.  Before World War II his rival Nahas Pasha was elevated to Prime Minister, but after repeated clashes with groups like the Wafd Party and the Muslim Brotherhood, he had to abdicate and was succeeded by Muhammad Naguib. Eventually overthrown by the Free Officers movement in 1952, this is, FTP, what last ruling King of Egypt?.;;Farouk (I)|Faruq al(-)Awwal
;;The Greek island of Thera or Santorini is largely composed of this rock. Ignimbrites are structures composed of chunks of this rock floating in a finer-grained matrix, and heavily compacted fragments of it are known as fiamme. When combined with lime it can form the industrial cement known as pozzolan. Along with tephra it forms the majority of a cinder cone. In contrast to scoria, it is felsic and forms from trachytes and rhyolites, and is often accompanied by the much more slowly-cooling obsidian. FTP, identify this pyroclastic igneous rock which can float in water and is often found in heavy-duty soaps.;;pumice
;;This work discusses the ambitious man whose slogan is "Either Caesar or nothing," while another section considers a quotation from Richard II which leads to the satirical claim that "possibility is the only salvation."  Its preface describes Christian heroism as venturing to become oneself, rather than being taken in by the "idea of man in the abstract" or playing "the wonder game with world history."  This work opens with an epigraph asking God to "give us weak eyes for things of little worth," and purports to be a "Christian psychological exposition for upbuilding and awakening."  FTP, name this work which claims that the title concept "is despair," a book inspired by a quotation from John about Lazarus which was written by Soren Kierkegaard.;;(The) Sickness Unto Death|Sygdommen til Doden
;;This region is home to the island of Tatihou, which lies to the east of the Cotentin Peninsula. Another portion of it is the Pays de Caux, where the Cauchois dialect is spoken.  During the Middle Ages it was ruled by Richard the Fearless, who was held captive as a child by Louis IV, but escaped and later introduced feudalism to it.  Through the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, its first ruler was formally granted authority over it by Charles the Simple.  After Rollo, its rulers included Robert Curthose and Robert the Devil.  FTP, name this duchy in northwestern France which was also ruled by William the Conqueror.;;Normandy
;;He played one of the Sleestak during the first season of the TV show Land of the Lost.  He was selected by the Cavaliers, but opted to play in Italy for a year before making his NBA debut.  He was a four time all-star, and in 1982 was traded to the franchise with which he is most associated. There he would start alongside such players as James Edwards and Rick Mahorn and become a master of the pick and pop jumper. This Notre Dame graduate's physical play and constant whining even earned him an endorsement for an SNES game called "Combat Basketball." FTP, name this power forward and center for the "Bad Boys" Pistons teams, who more recently has worked as head coach of the Detroit Shock.;;(Bill) Laimbeer
;;In this man's first novel, Arthur marries Carrie despite being in love with Helen, who dies of consumption after exhausting herself with teaching adults to read.  In another of his novels, Rhoda Nunn provides a contrast with the weak-willed title group, who are left impoverished after the death of their father, Dr. Madden.  In addition to Workers of the Dawn and The Odd Women, he wrote travel books such as By the Ionian Sea and the autobiographical The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft.  However, he is best known for a work about an author who trades artistic merit for social standing, Jasper Milvain.  For 10 points, name this friend of H. G. Wells who wrote Demos and New Grub Street.;;(George) Gissing
;;His works for piano duet include the Scenes from a Ball of his Opus 109 and the Pictures from the East.  His lesser-known works for solo piano include the Songs of the Morning, the Multicolored Pages, and a set of etudes "in the form of free variations" on the Allegretto from Beethoven's Seventh Symphony.  Better known are his third piano sonata, an F minor work which he called a "concerto without orchestra," and his Opus 13, the Symphonic Etudes.  His Opus 9 was a follow-up to his Papillons and ends with a march in which David puts the Philistines to flight.  FTP, name this composer of Carnaval and Kriesleriana who also wrote the Spring Symphony.;;(Robert) Schumann
;;Before settling this place, its founders believed themselves to have been tricked by a merchant named Philocrates.  Other sites suggested before this place included the shore of the Red Sea, as well as the general vicinities of Lepreum and Opuntian, while one name suggested for this place was Sparta.  It was zoned by Meton, and an unknown poet sang its praises just after it had been founded, even though he found it cold.  Its 600-foot-high walls ended up causing problems for Iris, and its dictator eventually married Basileia to become the supreme tyrant of the universe.  Founded by Pisthetairos and Eulepides, this is, FTP, what city whose construction prevents sacrifices from reaching the gods in The Birds?.;;Cloudcuckooland|Nephelokokkygia
;;He sent out the talking bird Karshipta to spread his message to the people assembled in a vara by Yima, who had been warned to take shelter from a devastating winter.  He had a group of messengers who included Mah and Zam, and which were known as the Yazata.  His attendants include a being who guided the souls of the dead, Sraosa, and a goddess of fertility, Armaiti.  Those seven attendants were known as "Bounteous Immortals," or the Amesha Spentas, and were opposed to the Daevas.  FTP, name this son of Zurvan and father of Ahriman and Ormuzd, the supreme deity of Zoroastrianism.;;Ahura Mazda
;;This phenomenon in leptons may be observed using the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effect. The NA48 experiment at CERN is currently studying this phenomenon in hyperons, and the BaBar experiment at SLAC and the Belle experiment at KEK have determined it to be true for b-mesons. Its underpinnings came in an experiment by Chieng-Shiung Wu involving cobalt-60, and studies of this in kaon decay won a Nobel prize for James Cronin and Val Fitch.  A possible explanation of the dominance of matter over antimatter, FTP, name this phenomenon, present under the weak force, in which symmetry between particles and antiparticles, as well as between a system and its mirror, are infringed.;;CP(-)violation|charge(-)parity violation
;;Louis IX of France reportedly produced one regarding various clerical reforms, but it was eventually found to be a forgery.  Another limited papal power over France but was superseded by the 1516 Concordat of Bologna, and one of 1759 forbade the union of the Kingdoms of Naples and Two Sicilies. In 1830, Ferdinand VII of Spain relied on one to insure that he would be succeeded by his daughter. That use directly invoked the best known of these concordats, an agreement which was made in 1713 and which resulted in France, Prussia, Bavaria, and Saxony challenging the successor of Emperor Charles VI, Maria Theresa.  FTP, give the shared name of these agreements, one of which led to the War of the Austrian Succession.;;Pragmatic Sanction
;;One of them describes Lord Byron returning alive from Greece to England, where he becomes rotund and gouty. Another follows a young man's encounters at "The Intelligence Office," while yet another focuses on a sculptor who turns out to be the Wandering Jew. "A Virtuoso's Collection" and "P's Correspondence" were eventually joined by pieces such as "Feathertop" and "Sketches from Memory" in the second edition of 1854. That edition retained the story of the nearly flawless Georgiana, who is the subject of experiments by her husband Aylmer, as well as that of Faith, who leads her husband to a satanic ritual. FTP, identify this collection of short stories that includes "The Birthmark" and "Young Goodman Brown," a book by Hawthorne named for a house he lived in.;;Mosses from an Old Manse
;;According to one story he created the Milky Way to discourage his daughter from returning to her mortal lover, a cowherd. Originally the prince of a kingdom named for "Felicity" and "Heavenly Lights," during the war between the demons and gods, he passed through 3,200 trials, each of which took 3 million years, in order to ready himself to demolish the demonic armies when the Three Pure Ones could not. Often described as "Pure and August," he would later summon twelve animals to his realm which eventually became the Zodiac. FTP, name this deity who lives in the Palace of Abstractions and oversees the universe in Taoist Chinese mythology, a regent named for an ornamental stone.;;Jade Emperor|Yu Huang
;;One of this man's collections of essays includes "Mrs. Grundy at the Parkers'" as well as papers on Gemistus Pletho, Cardan, and Howard Overing Sturgis.  His short story collectoin The Life to Come was published posthumously, while during his life he published a book of stories of the supernatural entitled The Eternal Moment.  After the publication of The Celestial Omnibus in 1911, he didn't publish anything for over a decade, though he wrote a guide to Alexandria during that period as well as the novel that would be published posthumously as Maurice.  FTP, name this English author of Where Angels Fear to Tread and A Room with a View.;;(Edward) (Morgan) Forster
;;Because of its remote location, tourists do not often attempt to climb it, although the Goecha La pass does approach its massive southern face. Its massif is buttressed by four ridges, with names including the Zemu and the Talung. Along with the Yalung and a namesake ridge, these structures contain peaks that form an "X." Its name translates as "Treasuries of the Great Snow" and it was first mapped by Rinzin Namgyal. It was first climbed in 1955 by Charles Evans, who stopped a few feet short of the summit to honor the traditions of the region of Sikkim.  FTP, name this mountain, located between Nepal and India, the third-highest in the world.;;Kangchenjunga
;;Among this element's ores are garnierite and pentlandite, and it can be isolated by reacting its oxides with syngas (sin-GASS) to produce its tetracarbonyl.  In a type I supernova, the peak and early decrease of the light curve are set by the total mass and decay of a doubly-magic isotope of this element.  Leaching aluminum from an alloy with this element activates a high-surface area catalyst used in hydrogenation reactions. The 62 isotope of this ferromagnetic element has the highest binding energy per nucleon, and a fused target made of this element produced electron diffraction in the Davisson-Germer experiment.  FTP, name this element produced in the Mond process, the primary constituent of Raney catalysts, which has atomic number 28 and symbol Ni.;;nickel
;;This man's works have inspired Derek Walcott's The Isle is Full of Noises and Tom Paulin's The Riot Act.  He discussed the pain of having one's hair forcibly shorn in a play about the daughter of Salmoneus, Tyro Keiromene. The work Ichneutai, or The Tracking Satyrs, is a rare example of a satyr play by this tragedian. Anthony Hecht mentioned a girl who had read him in a good translation in his "Dover Bitch," but he's better known for a work in which Eurydice kills herself after the deaths of her son and niece and another in which a Theban queen marries her own son.  FTP, name this Greek dramatist who wrote Antigone and Oedipus Rex.;;Sophocles
;;According to their legends, they sprang from blood spilled when the hero Suhirina shot the monster Periboriwa.  They act to keep hunting areas free of competition, prompted by protein scarcity, according to an argument advanced in Cows, Pigs, Wars and Witches by Marvin Harris.  Feasts involving wife-swapping villages often feature chest-pounding duels, and many men sport tonsures to display scars from a ritual in which they alternate hitting each other over the head with 8- to 10-foot-long wooden clubs.  The traditional view holds that a scarcity of women prompts such aggressive behavior in, FTP, these natives of the Amazon, who are described as "the Fierce People" in a 1968 study by Napoleon Chagnon.;;Yanomamo|Yanomami|Yanomani|Ianomami
;;This man was praised for his stoic response when his sons Nadav and Avihu were struck down by fire. His possessions included a staff which was left in the sanctuary with those of the princes, whereupon it blossomed and produced sweet and bitter almonds, as well as a breastplate which featured the Urim and Thummim.  He cured the plague after the rebellion of the Korah, and the kohenim are the direct male descendents of this man, as was John the Baptist. Though he criticized his brother, a stammerer, for marrying a Cushite woman, this Levite was saved by his brother from the Lord's wrath after he erected a golden calf for the Israelites. FTP, name this brother of Moses.;;Aaron
;;After winning the battle of Novi Sad, also known as Petrovaradin, this man ordered Belgrade to be fortified.  That victory led to the exchange of Oltenia and the fortress of Temesvar through the treaty of Passarowitz.  Fourteen years earlier, this man had fought against his own cousin, Louis-Joseph, Duke of Vendome, at the battle of Cassano. A decisive victory he won on the Tisa River against Mustafa II led to the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699.  FTP, name this victor at the battle of Zenta, who served at Oudenarde, Malplaquet, and Blenheim during the War of the Spanish Succession, one of the greatest generals to serve the Austrian Hapsburgs.;;(Prince) Eugene (of) Savoy|Eugenio (di) Savoia|Eugen (von) Savoyen
;;Rokitansky syndrome results from the failure of this organ to develop, and the hormone modulator raloxifene, unlike tamoxifen, acts as an antagonist in this organ. Atrogin-1, an atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase, is highly expressed in this organ during involution. During adenomyosis, the junctional zone of this organ becomes thicker, and this organ comes in simplex, duplex, bipartite and bicornite varieties that correspond to different degrees of fusion of the Mullerian ducts among different species. Its lining is sometimes known as the decidua, but is usually called the endometrium. FTP, name this female reproductive organ in which gestation occurs.;;uterus|womb
;;This artist's The Siesta features his mortally ill wife Beatrice, while Maud Franklin was depicted in a fur coat and later as Effie Deans in a series of portraits. He studied under Charles-Gabriel Gleyre while living in Paris, and his "French set" marked a revival in the field of etching. Among his patrons was Charles Freer, whose museum houses the Peacock Room which this man designed to display his The Princess from the Land of Porcelain. He summed up his views on aesthetics in the mock-ecclesiastical "Ten O'Clock Lecture," and Frederick Leyland suggested the name of his series entitled "Nocturnes." FTP, name this artist who painted Joanna Hiffernan as The White Girl and his mother in Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1.;;(James) (M(.)) Whistler
;;He warned that "Stern Ruin's ploughshare drives elate," and that being "crushed beneath the furrow's weight" will also be the reader's "doom," at the end of a poem addressed to "a mountain daisy."  He adjured the title river to "flow gently" and "disturb not [the] dream" of his beloved Mary in "Afton Water." The title character of one of his works begs pardon for lifting "a lawless leg" upon Meg. In addition to "Holy Willie's Prayer," he wrote a mock epic whose hero costs Maggie her tail after he calls encouragement to Nannie, whom he calls Cutty-sark; that "bletherin', blusterin', drunken blellum" is the title character of "Tam o' Shanter." He wrote about turning up with his plow a "Wee, sleekit, cow'rin', tim'rous beastie" in "To a Mouse." FTP, name this poet of "Scots, Wha Hae" and "Auld Lang Syne.".;;(Robert) Burns
;;The southern end of the Rio-Antirio Bridge, the town of Nafplion, lies on its eastern coast, while Cape Matapan marks its southwestern point.  A namesake periphery only covers part of it, and it was known as Morea in the middle ages.  Its highest point is Mount Taygetus, and rivers here include the Alfios and the Eurotas. Cape Melea marks its southeast extremity and lies across a small channel from the island of Cythera. Towns located in it include Pirgos, Kalamata, and Patras, while many towns here take their names from ancient cities found nearby, such as Argos, Corinth and Sparta. Separated from the mainland by the Corinth canal, FTP, name this peninsula in the south of Greece.;;Peloponnese|Peloponnesus
;;One of these creatures gave birth to a grain of wheat and a bee, a grain of barley and a bee, a wolf, an eagle, and Palug's Cat. Lleuelys advised Llud on using a vat of mead and a sheet of silk to capture two dragons in this form, and Math battled Pryderi for some of these animals. One immortal took this form after being banished for flirting with the moon goddess Chang-O, and later became a guardian of the monk Xuanzong.  Vishnu assumed this form to kill the demon Hiranyaksha, and Brokk and Eitri created one from gold for Frey.  Henwen, Zhu Bajie ["joo ba-jyeh"], Varaha and Gullinbursti are all examples of, FTP, these animals, one of which was killed by Meleager during a hunt in Calydon.;;pigs|swine|hogs|sows|boars
;;He served as Under-Secretary of State in the government of de Marsay and later became minister of Public Works, in which position he became an enemy of Charles de Salleneuve. Despite financial embarrassment in the Nucingen affair, he managed to arrange marriages for his sisters Agathe and Laure-Rose. His youthful foibles were detailed by Bianchon in Etude de Femme, while in his first appearance, he is seen living in a boarding-house with an impoverished vermicelli merchant. Unlike the tragic figure Lucien de Rubempre, he rejects the assistance of the master criminal Vautrin. FTP, name this cynical character in Balzac's La Comedie humaine who makes his first appearance in Pere Goriot.;;(Eugene) (de) Rastignac
;;This term was originally given to followers of Andrew Beaumont in Pennsylvania. A presidential letter written to Matthew Birchard concerned a leader of this group who headed the Knights of the Golden Circle and was defended by George Pugh for violating General Order number 38. Another prominent member of this group conspired with William Bowles, Joshua Bullitt, and others to seize Johnson's Island and Camp Chase and was condemned to death. That man took his case to the Supreme Court in a decision that undermined the authority of military tribunals. FTP, identify this moniker given to such men as vice-presidential candidate George Pendleton, Lambdin Milligan, and Clement Vallandigham, a group of Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War.;;Copperheads
;;This functional group can prove toxic by inhibiting the function of cytochrome c oxidase and binding irreversibly to the heme cofactor.  In the Schmidt reaction, this group reacts with an alkene to form a compound that can rearrange to form an imine ("IM-een").  Both the Staudinger ligation and the Curtius rearrangement take advantage of this group's propensity to extrude diatomic nitrogen.  FTP, name this functional group consisting of three nitrogen atoms connected by double bonds and represented as N-3-minus.;;azide
;;This figure is paired with J. L. Austin in a book about the "scandal of the speaking body" by Shoshana Felman.  He is said to be "free from the lie that his despotism would be the freedom of others" in an essay from Moments musicaux by Theodor Adorno.  He is paired with Socrates in a chapter on "The Two Ironies" in The Modern Theme by Ortega y Gasset.  One essay contrasts the saint, who "tends towards quality," with this man, who "realizes in action an ethic of quantity." Another work declares this man's love to be "totally faithless" in a section on "The Immediate Erotic Stages." FTP, name this man who appears as the first illustration of "The Absurd Man" in Camus's "The Myth of Sisyphus" and in Kierkegaard's Either/Or as the ultimate seducer, who is also the subject of a Mozart opera and a Byron epic poem.;;Don Juan|Don Giovanni
;;Act II features one of the characters remembering his time in Morocco where he had to fend off a child prostitute, while Act IV begins with Dr. Baugh arriving to deliver some morphine and a woman coming to realize that her husband has terminal cancer. One of the central characters repeatedly asks for "solid quiet" and drinks until he hears a "click" in his head so that he can forget the death of his best friend, and possible lover, Skipper. Ultimately, the greedy and oddly fertile Mae and Gooper lose out as Big Daddy names the other Pollitt son as his heir. FTP, name this 1955 play that revolves around the doomed marriage of Brick and his wife Maggie, a work by Tennessee Williams.;;Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
;;One work of this name is the third of a set of four tone poems that also includes "The Hermit Playing the Violin" and "At Play in the Waves," and is part of the Opus 128 of Max Reger. Another work of this name opens with a rolling figure in 5/8 time and features a melody also used by its composer in his Symphonic Dances. That tone poem, its composer's Opus 29, was inspired by a painting with this name in which the cypress trees and rocky outcroppings of the title locale dwarf a figure thought to represent Charon. FTP, give this name shared by a tone poem by Rachmaninoff and a series of paintings by Arnold Bocklin which depict a coffin-laden boat being rowed toward the titular locale.;;(The) Isle of the Dead|Toteninsel
;;Geoffrey of Monmouth used this phrase to refer to an event which led to Ambrosius Aurelianus becoming king of England, following the deaths of Vortigern and hundreds of British chieftains at the hands of Angle, Saxon and Jute mercenaries. The 1981 Kitchen Accord is sometimes referred to as this by Quebecois nationalists, and this term can also refer to Saddam Hussein's July 1979 ouster of Baath party leaders. It also refers to Harold MacMillan's dismissal of seven members of his cabinet on July 13, 1962, as well as the second-to-last track on AC/DC's 1981 album For Those About to Rock. Victims of the most famous event by this name included Erich Klausener, Edgar Jung, Gregor Strasser, Kurt von Schleicher, and Ernst Rohm. FTP, give this phrase which more famously refers to Hitler's 1934 purge of the SA.;;Night of the Long Knives
;;This man's namesake reflections and regular reflections are possible between the von Neumann angle and the detachment angle, and with Zehnder his name denotes a type of interferometer. The critical point of a de Laval nozzle coincides with a value of 1 for this man's namesake quantity; that quantity's upstream value appears in the jump conditions of the Rankine-Hugoniot relations. His namesake cone is surrounded by the zone of silence, and incompressible flow occurs for low values of his namesake number. In The Science of Mechanics he responded to Newton's arguments for an absolute reference frame and stated that inertia should be defined relative to the distant stars, a statement that Einstein called his principle. FTP, identify this man whose namesake dimensionless number is the ratio of speed to the local speed of sound.;;(Ernst) Mach
;;Lesser kings to rule from this city include Shar-Kali-Sharri and Manishtushu, who succeeded his younger brother Rimush. Its language was Semitic, though it adopted the writing system of the people it conquered, and it was probably destroyed after the Gutians invaded its namesake empire.  At its height, this location stretched from the Taurus Mountains to the lands of the Elamites in the east. It is recorded that its first ruler washed his hands in the waters of the Persian Gulf to signify his conquest of all of Sumer. Located to the northwest of Kish, its precise location has never been determined. FTP, name this ancient Mesopotamian city, whose most famous king was Sargon the Great.;;Akkad|Agade
;;The title character of this work has a weakness for breakfast, at one point asking the servant Dates to bring him three bowls of milk. Charles Millthorpe helps him find his new home after he fails to be recognized by his villainous cousin. He draws inspiration from a fragment entitled "Chronometricals and Horologicals" by Plotinus Plinlimmon, who he later meets at the Church of the Apostles. He had found his way there after leaving his mother and his fiancee for New York City and pretending that his half-sister, Isabel Banford, is his wife. FTP, identify this work in which a title character with the last name Glendinning loves Lucy Tartan and struggles to write a novel, a Melville work about some "Ambiguities.".;;Pierre(:) (or(,)) (The) (Ambiguities)
;;Margaret Anne Doody's recent book about its "true story" traces its roots to the works of Achilles Tatius and Chariton. Franco Moretti's "atlas" of it charts its spread in Europe in the 19th century. A Michael McKeon book traces its history in England, but the classic study of its "rise" was written by Ian Watt. Mikhail Bakhtin discussed its characteristic "heteroglossia" in his book The Dialogic Imagination.  Georg Lukacs contrasted it with the epic in his book on The Theory of it. FTP, identify this literary form, defined by Randall Jarrell as "a prose narrative of a certain length," examples of which include The Fountainhead, Battlefield Earth and Jennie Gerhardt.;;(the) novel
;;The features on this object include such craters as Marsilion and Baligant. The most notable of these features was probably created during the rapid slowing of its spin: a 1300-kilometer-long equatorial ridge discovered on December 31, 2004 that makes imaging this moon difficult. Its most notable characteristic is thought to have been caused by dust from its fellow satellite, Phoebe. Consisting of two regions called the Cassini Regio and the Roncevaux Terra, and thought to be mostly composed of ice, this is, FTP, what third largest moon of Saturn which exhibits a striking difference in albedo between its two sides, and which takes its name from a mythical Titan?.;;Iapetus|Japetus
;;His lost paintings include a fresco of giants in Padua and the Life of St. Benedict. One of his earliest extant works is a fresco depicting the mercenary Sir John Hawkwood, while his later The Profanation of the Host may have been painted in Urbino along with the now damaged Hunt in the Forest. He may have included a depiction of Alberti in his fresco cycle The Story of Noah. His most famous work is composed of three separate panels, featuring numerous lances as well as the unhorsing of the Sienese commander Bernardino della Carda. FTP, name this painter from Florence, whose nickname means bird and whose most famous work is The Battle of San Romano.;;(Paolo) Uccello|(Paolo) (di) Dono
;;At one point in this poem, the speaker describes "ladies in flounced Brussels lace" sticking "their parasols into his face." Later, the poem records a dialogue between two people who are "denied the leaves" and "denied the sky." One of them notes that "spring is coming here," and mistakes the sound of "ice breaking" for people "smashing down the door." The speaker writes that he is "one massive, soundless scream" after he notes that he "seems to be a young boy in Byelostok" and that he "seems to be Dreyfuss." He also compares himself to Anne Frank, and at the end he hopes that the "Internationale" will "thunder when the last antisemite on earth is buried." FTP, name this poem about a place that "no monument stands over" and where a "thousand thousand" are buried, a work by Yevgeny Yevtushenko.;;Babi Yar
;;In a 1944 paper, H. J. Eysenck divided theories of it into four categories: cognitive, conative, affective and instinctive. Robert Provine claims that its concomitants result solely from social interaction, while Jaak Panskepp found evidence for it in a subaudible rat noise. Alexander Bain built on Hobbes' view, saying that its characteristic degradation could involve ideas as well as people.  Arthur Koestler, in The Act of Creation, argues that it results from the bisociation of a mental event and emotion, while Mary Rothbart claims that it consists of incongruity in a safe context.  Freud held that it resulted from aggression and that it results from the release of tension in the subconscious. FTP, identify this human capacity, which is sometimes inspired by clowns.;;humor|laughter
;;Both the Frechet derivative and the Gateaux derivative are analogous versions of the derivative from differential calculus defined on these, and a non-separable polynomially reflexive subclass of them is named for Tsirelson. The space of continous functions defined on a closed interval that map to an n-dimensional Euclidean space is one of these, as are the sets of real and complex numbers. They are Hilbert spaces if they obey the parallelogram identity and the inner product that defines it as a Hilbert space is given by the polarization identity. FTP, name these spaces, one of the central objects of study in functional analysis, which are defined as being complete normed vector spaces and are named for a Polish mathematician.;;Banach (spaces)
;;Many of his earliest works were read aloud to a literary society called The Friendly Club, including the now-lost novel The Sky-Walk. The death of his patron Elihu Smith led him to publish the works for which he is most famous, one of which is an epistolary novel about the love between Edward Hartley and the title heroine, Clara Howard. Another novel revolves around a yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia and the sinister machinations of Thomas Welbeck, who swindles Arthur Mervyn. His most famous novel describes some horrific occurrences after Carwin the Biloquist meets the titular New York family. FTP, identify this American novelist, the author of Edgar Huntly, Ormond, and Wieland.;;(Charles) (Brockden) Brown
;;It has been argued that this work's author is referred to as "my son" in First Peter 5:13.  Others believe that this work originally stopped after 16:8 and that its passages on the Resurrection were added later by a different author. The theologian Wilhelm Wrede has written about the fact that in 8:30 and 1:44 of this text, Jesus asks that his ability to perform miracles and his status as the messiah be kept secret. Despite being written in Latinized Greek, it is the only Gospel in which Jesus is quoted in Aramaic. Containing no reference to the nativity, it is probably the only synoptic gospel not partly based upon the lost source Q.  FTP, name this earliest gospel, traditionally found after Matthew and written by a man with a namesake church in Venice.;;(The) (Gospel) (According) (to) (St(.)) Mark
;;His fragment "Gabriel" includes a soliloquy spoken to Guinevere that was influenced by Idylls to the King, though he would later call Tennyson "unreal in motive."  He wrote that "some spirits start upwards at once and win their aureoles" in a poem entitled "Shakspere." A poem which begins with the line "I wake and feel the fell of dark, not day" is grouped with others like "No Worst, There is None" and "Carrion Comfort" in the so-called "terrible sonnets." He describes the title locale as a "towery city and branchy between towers" in his "Duns Scotus's Oxford." Another of his poems describes the title creature as "morning's minion" and a "dapple-dawn-drawn Falcon."  FTP, name this poet of "Pied Beauty" and "The Windhover.".;;(Gerard) (Manley) Hopkins
;;One faction of this group which was led by Francis Granger supported the former editor of the Buffalo Commercial Advertiser, who had been earlier defeated in a governor's race by Silas Wright, against his intra-party rival, a future Secretary of State and ally of Thurlow Weed.  Its leaders in Georgia included Robert Toombs and John Berrien, as well as Alexander Stephens.  Benjamin Curtis, the only man to be appointed to the Supreme Court as a member of this group, resigned after dissenting from the Dred Scott decision.  It took many early members, such as William Seward, from the Anti-Masons. Including notables such as Theodore Frelinghuysen and standing for a high tariff, internal improvements, and a national bank, FTP, name this American political party which included Daniel Webster and Henry Clay.;;(the) Whig (Party)
;;The site of the mitochondrially inherited disease called Leber's neuropathy, fibers from it project to the pretectum and superior colliculus, and are important for saccadic movements and a certain reflex mediated by the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. However, most fibers from this nerve project to the magnocellular and parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus, which integrate such information as spatial and temporal resolution, but more importantly luminance and color contrast. Crossing over occurs at its namesake chiasma, and it primarily consists of myelinated axons of ganglion cells with origin in the retina. FTP, name this cranial nerve that transmits visual signals from the eye.;;optic (nerve)|(cranial) (nerve) II
;;His scant output for piano includes two nocturnes entitled Separation and Regret, both of which owe a debt to his early teacher, the Irish composer John Field. A trip to Spain inspired him to write two overtures, the Capriccio brillante on the Jota aragonesa and Summer Night in Madrid. Two folk songs from his native land inspired another late work, Kamarinskaya.  In another of his works, Vanya and Antonida mourn the death of Ivan Susanin, just as a group of people are celebrating the triumph of the new ruler. FTP, name this composer whose works include Ruslan and Ludmila and A Life for the Tsar.;;(Mikhail) (Ivanovich) Glinka
;;Its era was chronicled in the Masukagami and court officials during its namesake period included the Rensho, the Minamikata, and Kitakata, collectively known as the Rokuhara Tandai. Provincial power was held by appointed officials with the title of shugo. The Jokyu incident, an early attempt to end its rule, was led by Go-Toba and was defeated at the Third Battle of Uji by the Hojo clan, who served as the true rulers following the death of Minamoto. At Hakata Bay it fended off the Mongol invasions, but eventually fell victim to the intrigues of Emperor Go-Daigo. FTP, name this shogunate established by the Gempei War whose rule was sandwiched between the Heian and Ashikaga periods.;;Kamakura (Shogunate)
;;William Stanley Jevons used a comparison of libraries to racetracks to discredit this man's views in a series of four essays on this man's "philosophy tested."  Though this man never wrote a book on his views on psychology, he appended extensive notes to his father's Analysis of the Human Mind.  His only major work on metaphysics was an examination of the work of Scottish philosopher Sir William Hamilton.  John Hershel and William Whewell were important influences on his discussion of induction in his System of Logic, while another work, The Subjection of Women, was written in collaboration with Harriet Taylor.  FTP, name this philosopher who proposed the "harm principle" and wrote On Liberty.;;(John) (Stuart) Mill
;;The Sparkle Model is a computational modeler that predicts the geometries of the constituents of this chemical group.  Its members obey the Oddo-Harkins rule, which states that odd-numbered members are less abundant than even-numbered ones.  Members of this group tend to lose three electrons, usually 5-d-1 and the 6-s-2, to obtain their most stable configuration.  The decrease in ionic radius across the series is known as its namesake contraction.  Comprising the 4f electron shell elements, FTP, identify this series of the Periodic Table named after its first member, element number 57.;;lanthanide (series)|lanthanoid (series)
;;At one point in this work, a man kills a musician after the latter slaps his mother. Later, Lone Dragon Mountain is assaulted and two of the main characters are dismembered during fighting against imperial forces, even though their earlier attack on the Liao Tartars had been successful. The central villain in this novel starts out as a street urchin, but he befriends government officials and becomes prime minister of the Song court. That villain, Gao Qiu, leads five military expeditions against a group of 108 men whose activities center in and around Mount Liang and who are led by Song Jiang. FTP, identify this classic Chinese novel about bandits living in a swamp.;;Outlaws of the Marsh|(The) Water Margin|All Men are Brothers|Shuihu Zhuan
;;Minor characters include Marie Tomlinson, a secretary, and Mr. Macmillan, who meets the protagonist on a ship traveling home. After being given the opportunity to study law in England via scholarship from the Umuofia Progressive Union, the main character decides to study English instead and eventually lands a job under William Green at the Civil Service. However complications arise when the main character's mother, Hannah, threatens to commit suicide if he marries his osu girlfriend Clara. Clara reveals herself to be pregnant, and after her abortion she breaks up with the protagonist who is depressed and begins to accept bribes.  FTP, this describes the plot of what novel centering on Obi Okonkwo, Chinua Achebe's sequel to Things Fall Apart?.;;No Longer at Ease
;;Lefkimmi is a minor port on this island, and the smaller island of Ptychia is found in its Gouvia Bay. France briefly held this location under the Treaty of Campo Formio, before being expelled by the Russians and the British, who later suggested it as an exile site for Napoleon. It features such architectural jewels as the Liston and summer palace of Mon Repos. An early failure of the League of Nations was its inability to stop Italy from attempting to seize this Ionian island, but it is more famous for being an ally of Athens and a cause of the Peloponnesian War. FTP, name this island off the coast of Albania, now held by Greece.;;Corcyra|Corfu|Kerkira
;;One of them ends with an unnamed character spurning his European lover, Luz, and then contracting gonorrhea from a sales girl in a department store. Another concerns a yellow horse and concludes with a young boy's father being taken away by George Gardner. Those works, "A Very Short Story" and "My Old Man," like all of the pieces collected in it, are prefaced by a short vignette. In a better known story, "Soldier's Home," a mother asks her son, Harold Krebs, to pray, but he can't bring himself to do it. In that way he resembles a character who recurs the most throughout these tales, Nick Adams.  FTP, identify this 1925 work, a collection of short stories by Ernest Hemingway that includes "The Battler," "Big Two Hearted River," and "Indian Camp.".;;In Our Time
;;As a result of this movement a special commission, or balia, was in power for six weeks. Its participants, who were overwhelmingly members of the popolo minuto, sought the civil liberties they'd been denied by creating three new guilds in which they could be inscribed. Precipitated by the dominance of the Albizi family and the lack of a response from the Signoria, those who took part in this event were led by such men as Luigi di Guiccciardini and Michele di Lando. Ultimately, their brief success paved the way for the rise of the Medici, who turned the peasant population against these dissatisfied artisans. FTP, identify this 1378 revolt by the lower classes in Florence, an uprising named for the "wool carders" who led the events.;;(the) Ciompi
;;The barotropic equation describing this quantity is used for forecasting the movement of Rossby waves in the atmosphere.  In aerodynamics, the total amount of this quantity is used in the Kutta-Joukowski theorem to calculate the lift on an airfoil. The Biot-Savart law gives the velocity induced by it and the lack of this quantity, along with incompressibility, leads to d'Alembert's paradox. For a fluid with rigid rotation, its value is twice the angular velocity of the fluid.  FTP, identify this quantity, often given as the curl of the velocity field, that is related to the amount of circulation in a fluid.;;vorticity
;;On the left side a dark haired nude kisses an androgynous face, while on the bottom right a young boy seems to be biting his prone mother. Smoke rises from some buildings in the background and a naked woman with a snake wrapped around her left arm seems to be dancing next to a person covering their head. Almost 14 feet long, its center features a darker skinned man lying on his side in a loincloth. It was the artist's second submission to the Salon and like its predecessor, Barque of Dante, it uses unblended colors to great effect. FTP, a Turkish soldier on a rearing horse dominates the right side of the canvas, which was painted to stir up sympathy for the 20,000 Greeks who had been killed on the namesake island, in what work by Eugene Delacroix?.;;Massacre at Chios|Massacre of Chios|(Le) Massacre de Scio|(Scenes) (des) massacres de Scio
;;In his later work he distinguished between value that is invoked when an interpersonal exchange occurs and value as denoting the qualitative mental evaluation of elements. Using these definitions, he created an algebra of social exchange in his Sociological Studies. In his earlier work he argued that information processing is guided by a need for equilibrium, which is restored by either assimilating new information into old patterns, or altering the old pattern to accommodate the new information. Known for his belief in instinctual "schemas" of behavior at birth, he sought to understand the formation of knowledge in terms of "genetic epistemology." FTP, name this French developmental psychologist, best known for positing four stages of development beginning with the sensorimotor.;;(Jean) Piaget
;;They won a victory at Ardebil when forces led by Barjik defeated an Umayyad army, though the Umayyads retaliated by attacking their capital and killing Hazer Tarkhan.  That capital, Itil, was later destroyed by Sviatoslav of Kiev, whose attacks weakened them in the 10th century.  They were ruled by chieftains known as "begs" and by a supreme ruler known as a "khagan," who may have had a palace on the Volga River.  Constantine V and Justinian II both married women from this culture, and Constantine's son, the Byzantine Emperor Leo IV, was known by this epithet.  FTP, name this Turkish people whose rulers converted to Judaism in the 8th century.;;(the) Khazars
;;A non-Abelian version of this theorem has been used to show the relationship between the Wilson loop and magnetic monopole in QCD. This theorem can be thought of as an expression of duality between the homology of chains and the de Rham cohomology, and it is used extensively in the proof of the Poincare-Hopf theorem. It is the real-plane generalization of Cauchy's integral theorem. The most general form of this theorem relates the integral of a differential form over a manifold boundary to the integral of the external derivative of that manifold, and it can also be reduced to the Ostrogradsky-Gauss theorem. FTP, name this theorem whose best known form relates the integral around a boundary of a vector field to the surface integral of the curl of that vector field, a three-dimensional analog of Green's theorem.;;Stokes' (Theorem)
;;It may have derived from an Arabic concoction that used rose petals and had a similar sounding name, though it wasn't until 1803 that it was described in print in America. Some recipes call for a bit of grated nutmeg on top, while another mixes in orange juice. Recently Early Times has come out with a pre-mixed version. Perhaps the most important step involves using a wooden mallet to crush the ice and using the ice to fill the traditional silver cup completely. Then one adds simple syrup and three ounces of a liquor such as Woodford Reserve or Maker's Mark.  FTP, identify this drink, a mix of bourbon and the green fragrant leaves of its namesake plant.;;Mint Julep
;;In this work's final chapter, we learn that Saint Paul didn't condemn lawsuits as such, but only objected to the excessive litigiousness of the Corinthians.  In book 1, the author offers the fact that Moses says bad things about his ancestors as a "rational proof" of the veracity of Scripture.  Its final book includes chapters on the misery of taking vows rashly, a discussion of five ceremonies that are "falsely called sacraments," and a defense of paedobaptism.  It consists of four books in all, which consider God the father, Christ the redeemer, the Holy Spirit as man's bond to Christ, and the Church.  In the dedication addressed to King Francis, the author explains his reasons for leaving France.  FTP, name this work by John Calvin.;;(The) Institutes of the Christian Religion|Institutio Christianae Religionis
;;The Llovizna Falls mark its confluence with the Caroni River, and it is divided into upper and lower courses by the Ature [Ah-to-ray] and Maipures [My-poo-ress] cataracts. Its banks are often littered with a type of Brazil nut and its rare namesake crocodile can reach a length of 12 feet. Although its source in the Parima Range was only explored in 1951, Columbus discovered its mouth near the Gulf of Paria, at what is now called the Delta Amacuro. This waterway flows in a wide arc through the Llanos [ya-nos] or plains region, passing by Ciudad Bolivar. FTP, identify this river which joins the Amazon via the Rio Negro and is mostly located in Venezuela.;;Orinoco (River)
;;This book opens with a "packet" for another author, who is shown walking out at night and feeding cats with pieces of meat from his pockets.  The book itself begins by quoting Empedocles on Discord and Concord before discussing Simplicius's commentary on Empedocles, and notes that Flaubert wanted to write a story called "The Spiral" which would have employed a similar concept.  That opening section, "The Great Wheel," includes a discussion of the 28 Incarnations, which correspond to the Phases of the Moon.  The idea for the book emerged on October 24, 1917, four days after the poet's marriage to a woman who practiced automatic writing.  FTP, name this 1925 book that discusses the author's theory of gyres, which propounds a bizarre theory of history and was written by William Butler Yeats.;;(A) Vision
;;After a treaty involving it was withdrawn from the Senate, the president appointed James Blount to investigate the situation.  Blount determined that the behavior of Minister John L. Stevens, who had ordered marines to be landed from the cruiser Boston, was unacceptable.  Later Albert Willis was sent as the new minister, and instructed to maintain the liberal constitution of 1887.  When a republic was proclaimed in 1894, Lorrin Thurston declined the presidency in favor of Sanford Dole.  FTP, name this territory which was annexed by the U.S. after a power struggle was lost by Queen Liliuokalani.;;Hawaii
;;This man's Opus 16, a set of three "fantasies or caprices" for piano, was written after a visit to Coed-du in Wales.  His Etude in F minor was written for a pedagogical work by his teacher, Ignaz Moscheles, while his three piano sonatas include a work in G minor he composed at the age of 12 and a work in E which was the only one published in his life, after being written in 1826.  His other keyboard works include the six Christmas Pieces, the youthful Andante and Rondo Capriccioso, and the Variations Serieuses, as well as a collection of pieces in eight books which includes several "Venetian Boat Songs."  FTP, name this composer of the Songs Without Words who also wrote the Italian and Scottish symphonies.;;(Felix) Mendelssohn
;;This creature produces three signals corresponding to the various stages of a climactic martial buildup. To enter its abode one must pass over a river named Gjoll and stop before its home, Gnipahellir. This mythological character performs its duties alongside an enormous eagle named Hraesvelg which flaps his wings to make a cold wind blow throughout its kingdom, when it isn't devouring corpses. Described as having slavering jaws and a chest covered in blood, some visitors can appease it with cake. At Ragnarok this four-eyed creature will kill and be killed by the one-handed god of Justice, Tyr.  FTP, identify this Norse counterpart to Cerberus, an enormous hound who guards Hel.;;Garm
;;Thrasyllus wrote a "prolegomena to the readering of the books" of this man, and also arranged those books intro tetralogies.  This man's ethical writings include The Horn of Amalthea and Tritogeneia, though he is better known for works about nature, such as On Flavors and The Little World-ordering.  Among the maxims attributed to him is "To be ruled by a woman is the final insult for a man," but he is better known for views criticized in a lost essay on him by Aristotle, which noted that this man thought that substances remain together in the way that bodies become entangled together.  The best-known doctrine of this native of Abdera derived from his teacher Leucippus.  FTP, name this ancient Greek philosopher known for his atomism.;;Democritus
;;Molecular factors that establish identity of these structures are the class B genes such as DEFICIENS and GLOBOSA in snapdragons and AP3 and PI in the model system Arabidopsis. The products of the AP3 and PI genes interact with a set of eponymous E class genes to promote development of these structures by transcription of specific targets. Eudicots often have four or five, while monocots often have three, and collectively they are called the corolla. Arising from the second whorl in the perianth along with sepals, FTP, name these highly modified leaves of the flower, the showy parts which attract pollinators.;;petals
;;One character in this work is followed around Montreal by a Pinkerton detective after inadvertently robbing the saloon Fitzgerald and Moy's. That character dreams of leaving his vain daughter, Jessica, and his wife, Julia, behind forever. Yet by the end of the novel he must accept the comfort provided by the Captain in a homeless shelter in New York. During his days as a railroad scab worker, that character reflects on his love for the title figure, a woman he'd seen perform at his rival's Elks Lodge before she hit it big under the stage name Madenda. First published in 1900, it ends with the title figure being rejected by Mr. Ames and sitting in her favorite rocking chair. FTP, identify this work about a girl who romances Charles Drouet and George Hurstwood, the first novel by Theodore Dreiser.;;Sister Carrie
;;Now housed at Hertford House, London, it was originally known as Portrait of a Man, but got its now-standard name after Richard Seymour-Conway purchased it at auction in 1865. The title figure's sleeve has ten buttons and he sports a black cumberbund and cravat, both of which match his hat, which is slightly askew. It was painted three years before its artist completed his Banquet of the St. Hadrian Civic Guard and from the writing in the upper right, we know that its subject is 26 years old, though he doesn't seem to be affecting the titular expression. FTP, identify this best-known work of Franz Hals.;;(The) Laughing Cavalier
;;This people's first recorded major war with Rome was settled by the peace treaty of Cassius Vecellinus after the Battle of Lake Regillus, which established an equal alliance between Rome and their namesake League, which was centered on Aricia [uh-REE-kee-uh]. The second war lasted from 341 to 338, when the League and their allies the Volsci were crushed. After their political extinction, their name still referred to a form of second-class Roman citizenship. In the Aeneid, the husband of Amata and father of Lavinia is their namesake king, and the survival of their name is guaranteed by a compromise between Juno and Jupiter that explains why Romans don't speak Trojan. FTP, name this Italian people who have lent their name to the region of Italy containing Rome, and to the Western Hemisphere south of the Rio Grande.;;Latins
;;Shorter works by this writer include "The Blue Lenses," about a woman who sees animal heads on everyone around her, and "The Pool," about a magical world in the woods. This author's Frenchman's Creek, a novel about pirates, was followed by the story of Philip, a young man obsessed with his dead uncle Ambrose Ashley's wife, who may or may not be a murderer. That work, My Cousin Rachel, was published before The King's General, a historical novel set at the author's Cornwall estate Menabilly. A historical estate would also be at the center of this writer's best-known work., which, like her short story "The Birds," was filmed by Alfred Hitchcock. FTP, name this author of Jamaica Inn and a novel about Maxim de Winter's dead wife, Rebecca.;;(Daphne) Du Maurier
;;This battle featured the deployment of numerous specialized units, including an elite halbedier unit,that served as a body guard to one of the generals, Miller's English mercenaries, and three battalions of Montoneros. The night before fighting took place, one side sent its band out to play music and harass the other. As it began General Canterac stacked his forces on the slopes of the Condorqanqui Mountain,that borders the north side of the namesake plain, but a valiant charge by General Cordoba overcame the royalist advantage and sent them scattering. Preceded by a cavalry encounter five months earlier at Junin, FTP, identify this 1824 confrontation that pitted De La Serna against Sucre and marked the end of Spanish rule in South America.;;Ayacucho
;;In the AVLIS separation process, this phenomenon can be used to determine the differences between uranium 235 and uranium 238 and then separate them, and in ion-trap quantum computing an atom that has undergone this is used to store qubits. Schiiler and Schmidt have successfully explained the existence of a nuclear quadrapole to explain anomalies in it. Using a Ramsey maser, it has been measured in muonium to a greater degree than any other quantity in physics, a fact that Carl Sagan used when using this as a standard of time and length on the Voyager Gold Record.  FTP, identify this splitting of the spectral lines of an atom that is caused by the spin of non-neutral nuclei, rather than the spin-orbit coupling that creates fine structure.;;hyperfine (structure)|(splitting(,)) (etc(.))
;;Its structural form was first discussed by Johan Galtung, and James Gilligan discusses this in the context of helping the subaltern. In a study of its origins and "body pleasure," James Prescott argues that sexually open societies have less of it. In 1986 UNESCO released the Seville statement on it to refute the notion that it was biologically determined. Franz De Waal took issue with that report and argued that it was ingrained in primate social relations. In another study of it, the author discusses prejudices against it held by Jaures and the Blanquists, and argues that class struggle makes it necessary. FTP, give this term for aggression against others which was reflected upon by Georges Sorel.;;violence
;;One group of them attends Thursday-evening services at the "khilwa," and is obliged to follow seven rules of conduct.  That group can progress in their learning of the wisdom known as "hikma" until they become "ajawid," or "the generous."  Those special initiates are known as the "uqqal," to distinguish them from the ignorant masses known as the "juhhal."  The latter group follows a catechism known as the "Instruction," or al-Talim.  Their name derives from a follower of Hamza ibn Ali who helped propagate their beliefs, though their doctrine was codified by a man they call "Ruler by His Own Command."  That man was al-Hakim, the sixth caliph of the Fatimid dynasty.  FTP, name this Islamic sect whose members mostly live in Syria and Lebanon.;;(the) Druze|Druse
;;Their historic precursors were the Marabouts [mar-eh-boots] and they conquered and incorporated the Berghouata peoples into their ranks. They fought to a standstill with the forces of Alfonso VI and their ascent spelled doom for Ghana, as they took Kumbi Saleh after a 10-year siege. Although a loss at the Battle of Ourique began to mark their decline, some fragments of their empire, such as the Banu Ghanya, continued to fight, even after Marrakech, the city founded by their general Yusub ibn Tashufin, fell to their similarly-named successors. FTP, name this Berber empire that controlled nearly all of Muslim Spain at its height, but was finally replaced by the Almohads.;;Almoravids
;;Later corrections to this equation include Trautz and Lewis' collision theory, as well as Wigner and Eyring's transition state theory.  It was first proposed by van't Hoff in 1884, and later was justified by its namesake.  When expressed in terms of molecular units, the Boltzmann constant is used instead of the universal gas constant.  The modified version of this equation makes explicit the temperature dependence of its pre-exponential factor, which accounts for a reaction's rate coefficient.  FTP, identify this equation named after a Swedish scientist that calculates a reaction's activation energy.;;Arrhenius (equation)
;;Among the more notable of his studio assistants were James Northcote and Giussepe Marchi, who toiled with him for more than three decades. He painted social scenes like Ladies Adorning a Term of Hymen and historical works, as in the large The Infant Hercules he finished at St. Petersburg. While his frequent trips abroad would result in the publication of A Journey to Flanders and Holland, it was his 15 part series of lectures that best captured his philosophy of painting. He could be simple, as when he depicted Nelly O' Brien with a dog in her lap or Samuel Johnson in profile, but he is best remembered for a much more dramatic portrait of a famous actress in costume. FTP, name this author of the Discourses on Painting, the British artist who created Sarah Siddons as the Tragic Muse.;;(Joshua) Reynolds
;;The title character is hounded by a man named Victor whose breath smells of onions.  At the end of the novel, he watches three ships get bombarded by the fortresses in his city, and discovers that Daniel, the brother of the woman he has been sleeping with, is among the dead.  His lover is a chambermaid named Lydia whom he met at the Hotel Braganca after coming to a European city following 16 years in Brazil, though he really loves a crippled woman named Marcenda.  He spends much of the novel reading Herbert Quain's The God of the Labyrinth and writing poems, as well as talking to the recently-deceased author of Mensagem.  FTP, name this book about a man who returns to Lisbon in 1936, the story of a heteronym of Fernando Pessoa written by Jose Saramago.;;(The) Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis|Ano da morte de Ricardo Reis
;;This mythological name identifies the offspring of Poseidon and Melanippe who discovered that his son Macareus committed incest with his daughter Canace. Another figure with this name, along with Dorus and Xuthus, is one of three brothers who are given a part of Greece by their father Orseis. He eventually ends up with Thessaly where he marries Enarete, who bears him such sons as Sisyphus. But the most famous of these characters is a son of Hippotas who appears in Book Ten of the Odyssey where he provides a month full of hospitality and provides the hero with a magic bag. FTP, give the common name which identifies these characters and is most associated with a god of winds.;;Aeolus
;;Minor characters in this work include the attention-seeking Rowena and her mother Aunt Patsy. It begins with a "Whisper to the Reader" that assures the accuracy of the scenes that they are about to encounter. First published in 1894, its plot was introduced in a fragment whose title refers to the Capello brothers, a set of Italian twins who are framed for murder by the evil Tom Driscoll, who isn't what he appears to be. Luigi and Angelo are ultimately saved, however, by the ingenuity of the title character, who uses fingerprints to solve the crime. FTP, identify this work by Mark Twain whose title is the unusual nickname of an amateur detective named David.;;(The) (Tragedy) (of) Puddn'head Wilson
;;For its 100th anniversary in 1942, the Vienna Philharmonic commissioned Alfredo Casella to write an orchestral suite inspired by the work of this composer.  Franz Lehar wrote an operetta about this man, while Eugene Ysaye wrote a set of variations for violin and piano inspired by his work.  More famously, Franz Liszt wrote a set of six "grandes etudes" for piano which were arrangements of his work, including a version of this man's "La Campanella" from his second violin concerto.  This man wrote the Moto Perpetuo for violin and orchestra, but is better known for a work which inspired compositions by Brahms and Rachmaninov.  FTP, name this Italian composer and virtuoso violinist who wrote 24 Caprices.;;(Niccolo) Paganini
;;In Lawrence Ferlinghetti's Starting from San Francisco, an imitation of this poem follows the poem "Underwear" and is set "under the cypress tree / In the sweet grasses."  Another imitation of this poem, "Song" by Cecil Day-Lewis, contains the hope to "hear some madrigals" during the evening "by the sour canals."  A more famous work written about this poem laments that "wanton fields / To wayward winter reckoning yields."  This poem imagines the creation of a "thousand fragrant posies," a "gown made of the finest wool," and a "belt of straw and ivy buds," all of which are supposed to move someone to perform the action suggested in the first line.  FTP, name this poem whose title figure requests that someone "Come live with" him and be his love, a lyric by Christopher Marlowe.;;(The) Passionate Shepherd to His Love
;;At the extreme end of the Barrovian metamorphism this rock will mostly consist of kyanite or sillimanite minerals. These rocks often yield biotite hornfels under conditions of contact metamorphism, and can form phyllite or schist in extreme conditions. The Maotianshan deposit of this rock in China holds many fossils of the ancient phylum Vetulicolia. They exhibit a high degree of fissility and differ from siltstones in their lack of cross-bedding and cut-and-fill structures. The oil type contains kerogen which can yield petroleum gas upon distillation, and the Burgess deposits in Canada hold a wealth of important fossils. Made of compacted clays or muds, FTP, name this sedimentary rock whose metamorphic counterpart is slate.;;shale
;;He created controversy with his early novel The Journal of Arthur Stirling, which he claimed to be based on the suicide of an actual poet.  His other early works include historical novels like Manassas and the unsuccessful Springtime and Harvest, while he wrote about the dissolution of his marriage in 1911's Love's Pilgrimage.  He wrote about J. P. Morgan in The Moneychangers and about a Colorado strike in King Coal, and won a Pulitzer Prize for his novel Dragon's Teeth.  However, he is better remembered for books like Boston, his treatment of the Sacco and Vanzetti case, and a novel which was first serialized in Appeal to Reason.  FTP, name this author who wrote about Jurgis Rudkus in The Jungle.;;(Upton) Sinclair
;;Some of them include Dix and Haystack, though Cliff and Nye was just downgraded from its status as one of the top 46 of them. Cities nearby include Gloversville and Malone, and the Black River emerges among them. They are bordered to the west by the Tug Hill Plateau.  In 1873 Verplanck Colvin urged the creation of a reserve covering the whole region. With the exception of the higher summits, they were probably all once covered by the Laurentian glacier.  Nestled among them is the tiny Lake Tear of the Clouds, which is thought to be source of the Hudson River. Their namesake park contains Lake Placid and their highest peak is Mount Marcy. FTP, identify this range of mountains located in the Eastern part of New York.;;Adirondacks (Mountains) (46) (is) (the) (number) (of) (peaks) (thought) (to) (be) (over) (4000) (feet)
;;One of their leaders expressed their ideology in the pamphlet "Truth."  Drawn from such organizations as the Union of Welfare and the Union of Salvation, their acts were immortalized in a special issue of the periodical The Northern Star. Some ten days after their initial military operation had been defeated another force of 1,100 men in Chernigov led by the Southern Society rose up to challenge the ascension of Nicholas I. Led by such men as Pavel Pestel, they sought to set Prince Trubetskoy up as provisional dictator until Constantine could take power.  FTP, identify this group of Russian revolutionaries who took took name from the month in which they planned their uprising.;;Decembrists
;;The last parliament during the reign of Charles II was held in this city, though it only lasted for one week in 1681.  In 1644 Charles I assembled a parliament in this city, which was the royalist capital at the time.  Peter de Montfort was the leader of the so-called "Mad" Parliament which was held here during the reign of Henry III.  That parliament created a namesake document which called for a council of 15 noblemen, though those "provisions" would be replaced by the Provisions of Westminster in 1259.  FTP, name this English city which was also home to a 19th-century religious movement and a major university.;;Oxford
;;This concept is paired with "reform" in a collection of essays by Frank Knight, while a "new analysis" of it was proposed by Maurice Cranston.   It is described as being "within reason" in the title of a book by Susan Wolf, while it is paired with "reason" in a book which advances the "universal prescriptivism" of its author, R. M. Hare.  In a book which includes a chapter on "Totalitarian Economics and Democracy," John Dewey discussed this concept in the context of "culture."  This is said to be the "first condition of action" in Being and Nothingness, while for Sartre "bad faith" is the denial of the fact that one has it.  FTP, identify this concept, four versions of which were notably identified in a 1941 State of the Union address by Franklin Roosevelt.;;freedom
;;The item at the center of his story was eventually found by Sicyon and then dedicated to a certain deity by the shepherd Sacadas. After his remains were left near Lake Aulocrene, the tears of his siblings and various nymphs ended up forming a river. Purportedly born in Cealaenae, this mythological character's demise was initiated when the other gods teased the goddess of wisdom for the way she looked while practicing with the Aulos. After Athena discarded the instrument, this figure picked it up and had to play upside down to match the skill of Leto's son. When the latter was judged to be a superior flute player by the Muses, he paid with his life. FTP, name this satyr whom Apollo punished by flaying him alive and hanging his skin from a tree.;;Marsyas
;;The title figure is described with his "beard a flying" and an eagle countenance. Its second part describes "drabs" and "vixens" made whole in a "flash" and goes on to describe "sandaled hosts" with wings on fire. Its author chose to mention that his subject eventually went blind, but could still walk around the "court house square" leading people from every slum. Each of its stanzas is prefaced by a parenthetical instrumental instruction, and the whole work is to be sung to the tune of The Blood of the Lamb. FTP, name this poem which speculates about the posthumous fate of the founder of the Salvation Army, a work by Vachel Lindsay.;;General William Booth Enters Into Heaven
;;This man famously purified the shrine at of Apollo at Delos, and was also associated with that god's cult at Delphi, while in his own city he was remembered for the Enneakronous fountain-house and the Porch of the King-Archon. One legend claims that he created a standard text of Homer by comparing then-extant variants from all over Greece. His military achievements included controlling Naxos and Sigeum and winning the Battle of Pallene, which was his third attempt at bringing tyranny to his previously oligarchic city. FTP, name this man who in 546 BC founded a dynasty that ruled until the Spartans under Cleomenes I put Isagoras and Cleisthenes in charge of Athens in place of this man's son Hippias.;;Pisistratus
;;These structures are not symmetrical, as the right one is shaped like a pyramid and the left one has a semilunar shape. Germline deficiency of 21-hydroxylase in these can cause females to have male-like genitalia in addition to salt-wasting. Innevrated by the nerves from the celiac plexus and thoracic splanchnic nerves, destruction of these organs by bacteria is responsible for Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, while this organ's overactivity can be responsible for certain cases of Cushing syndrome. The cortex of these organs consists of the zona glomerulosa, the zona fasciculata, and the zona reticularis, which produce aldosterone, cortisol, and estrogen. FTP, name these endocrine glands which sit above the kidneys.;;adrenal (glands)|suprarenal (glands)
;;One of the two putti in this work seems to be jabbing St. Francis in the stomach with his wing. The other looks down at the foot of St. John, whose depiction was modeled on a statue by Sansovino that this work's artist admired. Ferdinand de Medici wanted to acquire this work so badly that he offered the nuns of San Francesco dei Macci a copy by Pertrucci as well a complete restoration of their church in exchange for it. It is now housed in the Uffizi, where patrons can still see the four aforementioned figures flanking the title woman who stands on a pedestal decorated with reliefs of mythological monsters. FTP, identify this 1517 work, the masterpiece of Andrea del Sarto.;;Madonna of the Harpies
;;The Kurgan hypothesis trace its origins to a Pit-Grave culture called Yamna, while Colin Renfew argues that it stems from the Linear Pottery culture. Because of differences in how velar sounds are formed, it is commonly divided into Satem and Centum groups with an isogloss between Turkey and Armenia. Some linguists have tried to narrow down its origins using the fact that a cognate for "bees" and honey appear in every language in it.  Building on Marcus von Boxhorn's classification of it, William Jones first argued that Greek and Latin have a common origin with Sanskrit. FTP, identify this group of languages whose origins were the subject of a memoir by Saussure, a family which includes both English and Hindi.;;Indo(-)European (family) (of) (languages)
;;He sued the Brooklyn Daily Eagle after that paper published an expose of his fraudulent sales of so-called "Miracle Wheat."  After undergoing an acrimonious divorce from his wife Maria Ackley, he purchased the Bethel Chapel and based his operations at the "Brooklyn Tabernacle."  At the age of 20, he came to the realization that Jesus would return to Earth invisibly in the fall of 1874, as he explained in The Object and Manner of Our Lord's Return.  His later writings include Food for Thinking Christians, which was republished as Millenial Dawn, and a magazine which first appeared in 1879 and described itself as a "herald of Christ's presence."  FTP, name this American religious figure who founded The Watch Tower and created the Jehovah's Witnesses.;;(Charles) (Taze) Russell
;;The STRIDE algorithm for secondary protein structure uses this function to model hydrogen bond geometry and it is also used in the lattice of atoms in a bubble raft. For situations requiring a more accurate model, the Stockmayer equation or Moller-Plesset perturbation theory is used in its place, but it is often used for noble gas modeling due to its simplicity. The equation for it includes epsilon, representing the depth of the potential well, and sigma, the value for which it is equal to zero. FTP, identify this potential which contains a 12th power repulsive term and a sixth power attractive term, and which models both the attractive van der Waals forces and the repulsive Pauli forces between neutral atoms and molecules.;;Lennard(-)Jones (potential)
;;Its town squares include Bellevue in the Theater District and Newmarket in the Old City district. One can get a great view of this city from Quai bridge, and everyone gets around using a train known as the S-Bahn. Its coat of arms is blue and white and its St. Peter's Church has the largest clock face in Europe. Home to the famed Cabaret Voltaire, it is situated on the Linmat and Sihl Rivers, and the Romans called this burial place of James Joyce Turicum. Bordered by its namesake lake on the South, this capital of its namesake canton is the home of its nation's stock exchange, the SWX. FTP, identify this largest city in Switzerland.;;Zurich
;;At the beginning of this work's second part, the author notes that the first part was written with pleasure at Wootton or in the Chateau of Trye.  In Book 12, we learn about the author's move to Motiers, where he came under the protection of a Marshal of Scotland named George Keith.  In book 1, the author remembers being locked out of his city at the age of 16, after which he ran away from home.  Women in the author's life include Madame d'Houdetot, Madame de Warens, and Therese Levasseur, the laundress whose children the author took to the Foundling Hospital.  Covering the years 1712 to 1765, it discusses the reception of the Discourse on Inequality.  FTP, name this book published in 1781, the autobiography of Jean-Jacques Rousseau.;;(The) Confessions|(Les) Confessions
;;This deity can appear solo or as part of a trio, and is often depicted on a chariot pulled by a large one-legged horse.  In one of her aspects, this daughter of Ernmas appears as an old hag that washes the clothes of those chosen to join her. In her more common guise she vows to kill the son of De Domnan by "taking the kidneys of his valor and the blood of his heart." A member of the Tuatha de Dannaan, she repeatedly appears to the man once known as Setanta, but he doesn't recognize her. FTP, name this war goddess, also known as Nemain and Macha, who is rejected by Cu Chulainn and is associated with a hooded crow.;;Morrigan
;;An 1829 work by Robert Southey imagines a conversation between Southey and this man's ghost.  This man's own writings include an imaginary conversation set in 16th-century Hungary in which Vincent learns not to be afraid of an impending Turkish invasion thanks to his wise uncle Anthony.  In addition to A Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation, this man wrote a History of Richard III and a translation into Latin of the works of Lucian, on which he collaborated with his friend Erasmus.  FTP, name this author best known for a work featuring traveller Raphael Hythloday, 1515's Utopia.;;(Sir) (Thomas) More
;;The investigation resulted in the suicide of journalist Richard Piggott, and those affected were attended to by Thomas Myles at Steevens' Hospital. The event led to the proposal of legislation that would have legalized abrupt changes of venue and the abolishment of trial by jury, and thus threatened to undo the positive effects of the recently-signed Kilmainham Treaty. By not endorsing the actions of the nationalistic Invincibles and distancing himself and his party from the deaths of Thomas Henry Burke and Lord Cavendish, Charles Parnell's reputation wasn't submarined and his ability to deal with Britain was retained. FTP, name this 1882 event which saw the assassination of the British Chief Secretary of Ireland, and which takes its name from a large recreation area in the middle of Dublin.;;Phoenix Park (Murders)|(Incident)
;;These cells are responsible for providing immunity in mice lacking the RAG-1 or RAG-2 recombinase, while the lack of these in humans is the cause of Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Discovered by accident in the 1970s, these cells display the CD16 receptor and C-type lectins for MHC class I-mediated inhibition, but do not display the CD3 receptor or standard surface immunoglobulins. Induced in response to interferons alpha and beta and macrophages, they are the only cytotoxic cells to act early in infection, primarily through the production of interferon gamma. Characterized by their ability to kill cells which lack "self" markers even without activation, these are, FTP, what cytotoxic lymphocytes that participate in innate immunity against tumors and virally infected cells?.;;NK (lymphocytes)|(cells)|natural killer (cells)
;;Chapter 11 describes Captain Parker of the City of Essex extracting various body parts out of his boat's side wheels, and the novel ends with Dr. Reddington reading about the protagonist's passing in the "papers."  Minor characters include Archie Jelliffe, a bookie the protagonist meets at a party, and the Farleys, Nancy and Paul, whose relationship is contrasted with those of the protagonist and her friends. Much of the book turns on the revelation that Major Boam seduced a 13-year-old girl, who then decides to hook up with men, but doesn't feel anything. The situation is complicated when she finds herself falling for a married Yale graduate named Weston Liggett and decides to reform her life. FTP, identify this novel by John O'Hara whose odd title refers to Gloria Wandrous' telephone exchange number.;;BUtterfield 8
;;One tool used for its detection is proton NMR, and in 1984 Olmstead proved its stability by producing its crown ether salt.  Under the right conditions it can display chiral behavior, but it is generally racemic.  Its stability and reactivity are dictated mostly by the extent of its conjugation.  Bearing a trigonal pyramidal geometry, it serves as the reactive intermediate in many organic reactions, particularly elimination reactions.  Defined as the conjugate base of a carbon acid, FTP, identify this negatively charged ion that usually has three substituents and a lone pair of electrons.;;carbanion
;;His downfall was precipitated by the ascension of the Archduke Matthias and his signing of a treaty known as "The Perpetual Edict." This man was raised under the pseudonym "Geronimo" at the Castle of Villagarcia.  He captured Tunis for a brief period, but didn't really make his name at court until a series of successful campaigns in Granada against the Moriscos. His last military success came at Gemblours, where he crushed a rebel army, and though he tried to reassert himself as governor general of the Netherlands he would die of fever a few months later. His greatest victory came alongside Agostino Barbargigo's Venetian forces off the coast of Corinth in 1571 at the expense of Ali Pasha's navy. FTP, identify this victorious commander of the Holy League at Lepanto.;;Don John|John of Austria|Don Juan (of) (Austria)
;;His second novel begins on a train going to Colorado and centers on the life of Mildred Osborne. In his first work of long fiction he traces the relationship between Miss Hester Prime and the boy she adopts after his mother dies, Frederick Brent. The Love of Landry and The Uncalled were followed by his third novel, a family drama set prior to the Civil War. That work, The Fanatics, begins to venture into more political territory, though it wasn't until the publication of his last novel, which features such urban characters as "Sadness" Williams and the showgirl Hattie Sterling, that this author explicitly tackled the problems of blacks in the 20th century. FTP, name this author of Sport of the Gods, an Ohio native probably best known for his poetry collections Oak and Ivy and Lyrics of Lowly Life.;;(Paul) (Laurence) Dunbar
;;His essay "My Friend Luco," which was the result of a trip to Naples, was never published. His work on screen plays included such adaptations as Strangers on a Train, though he had trouble translating his own works to film. He created such memorable female characters as Crystal Kingsley, who was last seen at Little Fawn Lake, and Velma Valento, who was once the enormous Moose Malloy's girlfriend. These women appear in The Lady in the Lake and Farewell My Lovely, both of which feature the same protagonist. FTP, name this author whose novels The Little Sister and The Big Sleep feature a detective named Philip Marlowe.;;(Raymond) Chandler
;;He lost power after sending a letter to the President threatening to take action against Valentine McGillycuddy.  He befriended Yale paleontologist Othniel Marsh, whose outrage over the treatment of this man's people led to the resignation of Secretary of the Interior Christopher Delano.  His best-known venture was a response to the work of Henry Carrington, and included such episodes as the Wagon Box fight and the Fetterman massacre.  That venture ended when he compelled the forts on the Powder River to be abandoned, after which he signed the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868.  FTP, name this leader of the Oglala Sioux who was the only Native American to win a significant war against the United States.;;Red Cloud|Makhpyla(-)luta
;;In anthropology the term is used to refer to the process of making stone tools via pressure flaking and in mining it refers to the breaking of a rock face due to internal stresses.  The laser form of this phenomenon is used to experimentally determine the adhesion of thin films with substrates.  The more common nuclear form of this phenomenon was first named by Glenn Seaborg in his doctoral thesis on inelastic scattering of subatomic particles.  The modern nuclear process slams a high energy proton beam into heavy metal targets to produce neutral subatomic particles.  FTP name this process, the namesake of a new experimental facility in Tennessee, that can be used to produce an intense neutron beam.;;spallation
;;Its author tried to publish part of this novel as a short story called "Bibi," but it was rejected by The Atlantic Monthly. Minor characters include the artist turned clerk Raul Innerarity as well as Virginian politician Governor Claiborne. A key symbol in this work is the Revolutionary War sword that Palmyre's husband, the African prince Bras Coupe, uses during an insurrection. This novel begins at a masked ball where a member of the title family falls in love with the mysterious Aurora Nancanou and much of the action revolves around the office of the newly arrived druggist, Joseph Frowenfeld, whose introduction to Creole society is traced in the work.  FTP, name this novel about the gradual dissolution of a New Orleans family, the masterpiece of George Washington Cable.;;(The) Grandissimes
;;The first chapter of this book opens with two epigraphs which purport to be "for" and "against" the title concept, and after a brief consideration of the "myth of destiny" the author moves on to a chapter about Heraclitus.  The book then deals with the "descriptive sociology" and the "political program" of a major thinker before treating the "background" of that thinker's "attack" in a chapter which shares the book's title and considers the "breakdown of tribalism" and the Peloponesian War.  The second volume of this work is entitled "The High Tide of Prophecy" and deals with Marx and Hegel, while the first considers "The Spell of Plato."  FTP, name this work which suggests that the aforementioned philosophers were proto-fascists, which was written by Karl Popper.;;(The) Open Society and Its Enemies
;;Notable for its people's use of reliefs in funerary art, its citizens worshipped a tripartite version of Baal. Its first important ruler was rebuffed by Shapur I and decided to throw his lot in with Gallienus. His loyalty was put to the test in a war against Quietus, but after the latter was defeated at Emesa, the ruler of this city was given the honorary title "Governor of the East." Although its ruler had a son named Vaballathus, on the death of Odenathus his wife took over and brought the city to new heights, until she decided to challenge Aurelian and was routed at Antioch.  FTP, name this city which lies in Syria and, for a brief time, was led by Queen Zenobia.;;Palmyra
;;The fifth of them is a D major work whose second Affetuoso movement centers on the flute, violin, and harpsichord soloists.  The third of them has a pair of chords known as a Phrygian cadence rather than a slow movement, while the fourth of them calls for two "echo flutes," which may be a reference to the sopranino recorder.  The last is a B flat major work which oddly has no parts for violin, while the first is an F major work which features an extra fourth movement.  They are written in the Italian style, alternating fast, slow, and fast movements, and were composed around the year 1720.  FTP, name this group of six concertos written by Johann Sebastian Bach for a German margrave.;;(the) Brandenburg (Concertos)
;;The third section, "The Body is Present," finds the speaker standing in front of a "stone" and urging his friend to be defiant. The second section, written to emulate the works of authors like Jorge Manrique, features the narrator beseeching the moon to come forth and asking its whiteness to hide the evidence of a tragedy. The fourth and final section, often translated as "The Soul is Absent," asserts the power of poetry in keeping memories alive. The first section, which is much more vivid, describes a white sheet and begins the repetition of the stanza "At exactly five in the afternoon," which the speaker fixes as the time of the goring. FTP, name this work by Garcia Lorca, an elegy for a dead matador.;;Lament for the Death of a Bullfighter|Llanto por Ignacio Sanchez Mejias
;;Its second part, "The New Domain," continues to develop the protagonist's relationships with people like Shoba and Mahesh, a couple who own the "Big Burger" restaurant.  Part One, "The Second Rebellion," ends with the death of Father Huismans, a Belgian priest who takes the native culture for granted. Later, Raymond and the femme fatale Yvette are introduced into the volatile mix. Other characters include the protagonist's servant Metty, who helps him mind his store, and the African Zabeth, whose son Ferdinand saves the main character from persecution in the last section, which describes the effects of independence and the return of autocracy via the "Big Man's" nationalization program. FTP, identify this 1979 V.S. Naipaul novel about Salim, who lives in a town at the title location.;;(A) Bend in the River
;;The one "of the North" forms near Lake Traverse and counts the Assiniboine as its chief tributary. The "Little" one, which is divided into the South, Middle, and Devil's forks, begins in the Ozark National Forest and flows through north-central Arkansas. Another rises in Sumner County and is a major tributary of the Cumberland River that drains the Highland Rim of Tennessee and the Pennyroyal Plateau of Kentucky. The largest of them features a 160-mile-long log jam called "The Great Raft" and is the southernmost of the Mississippi's tributaries. FTP, identify the name shared by these rivers, one of which is probably most famous for naming the annual football game between the Sooners and the Longhorns.;;Red (Rivers)
;;The final chapter discusses the depiction of the city as a living organism in Frank Lloyd Wright's writings and concludes that things seem to be changing for the better. Another section discusses Saint-Saens' assertion that being pale and gaunt is fashionable. As it progresses, its author quotes Wilhelm Reich on the connection between National Socialism's persecution of Jews and the fear of syphilis. Much of the first section focuses on the artistic depiction of tuberculosis, which the author compares to the current obsession with cancer. First published as three long essays in the New York Review of Books in 1978, its author would write a sequel in 1989 that addresses AIDS. FTP, identify this work by Susan Sontag which seeks to debunk the Romantic instinct to aestheticize being sick.;;Illness as Metaphor
;;It was preceded by the capture of a man named Arisiaghi who made an alliance with his captors. The invaders were probably betrayed when Rousel de Bailleul left his post at the neighboring town of Khilat and decided to retreat. As the fighting began, an initial volley of arrows was enough to dispense with the Kipchak and Pecheneg mercenaries who abandoned the field. By the end of the day one side had pushed too far forward and was in no position to retreat; when they succeeded in turning around they were attacked and abandoned by Andronicus Ducas, resulting in a massacre near L:ake Van. FTP identify this 1071 battle at which Alp Arslan defeated the Byzantines under Romanus IV Diogenes.;;Manzikert
;;The title character of his last unfinished novel falls in love with Agnes de Saverne and struggles with the villainous Baron de la Motte.  The title character of his last finished novel is left penniless after his father, Brand Firmin, loses his fortune and flees to America, after which his cousin Agnes Twysden rejects him.  In addition to Denis Duval and The Adventures of Philip, he wrote such Christmas books as The Rose and the Ring and a novel about an Irish adventurer, Barry Lyndon.  FTP, name this Victorian novelist of The Newcomes, The History of Henry Esmond, and Vanity Fair.;;(William) (Makepeace) Thackeray
;;She grew up on a commune in Caldecott County, Mississippi, but her world changed after her first encounter with an adoptive mother, who has changed her name from Raven Darkholme to something more colorful. A long time foe of Dazzler, she sometimes shares flashbacks with Carol Danvers, the former Ms. Marvel. The first manifestation of her powers occured when she and a boy named Cody Robbins kissed. Since then she has fought alongside such figures as Cable, Havok, and her sometimes lover Gambit. Portrayed in the movies by Anna Paquin, FTP, who is this character, an X-Man with a skunk-like strip in her hair?.;;Rogue|(Anna) Marie
;;The recent appearance of a memoir by Graham Bower, who participated in this event, has provided new details. Many of those involved had been members of the "Reform Committee" and their leaders included Raleigh Grey and John Jays Hammond. One consequence of it was the declaration of the Chimurenga campaign by the Shona. Much of the fighting took place at Doornkop where Commander Piet Cronje ultimately convinced its participants to surrender. After the uitlander support failed to materialize and his force was defeated, its namesake leader was replaced at his post by Alfred Milner and sent to Holloway jail.  FTP, name this event in which more than 600 men attempted to oust President Kruger in the Transvaal.;;Jameson (Raid)
;;This man came into conflict with Cicero when Cicero refused to let him use the Roman army in Cyprus to collect the debts and massive interest owed him by the city of Salamis. Later he asked Cicero to write a laudatory biography of Cato, and another of Cicero's works, an extended history of Roman oratory, is named for this man, who famously favored the "Attic" style of rhetoric. He was made pontifex in 47 and praetor in 44 despite being married to Porcia, the daughter of Cato, and having been on the losing side at Pharsalus. FTP, name this man who jointly led an army of more than 100,000 to defeat at Philippi two years after he led the plot to assassinate Julius Caesar.;;(Marcus) (Junius) Brutus
;;His collaboration with the poets Carmen Sylva and Richard Dehmel, among others, was published posthumously as Stella Peregrina. While his early work inspired by Van Gogh resulted in such nature studies as Larch Sapling, his later works, including Playing Forms and Fighting Forms, are non-representational. He contributed the essay "Wild Germany" to an artistic almanac released in 1912, and his large compositions include the canvases Mandrill and Fate of Animals. These paintings marked the zenith of his mature approach which depicted prismatically shattered animal forms. FTP, identify this artist, whose painting of two equines named the movement he founded with Wasily Kandinsky, The Blue Rider.;;(Franz) Marc
;;This election had its share of oddities, such as the Vice-Presidential electoral votes which went to two men who were apparently not even running, with William Wilkins receiving 30 votes from Pennsylvania and economist Henry Lee receiving 11 from South Carolina. South Carolina had given these votes to Lee just as they would give their presidential votes to non-candidate John Floyd due to his opposition to tariffs, but most of the rest of the south went Democratic save for the Florida and Arkansas territories which like Kentucky went for the Republican candidate.  In the end these could not prevent the re-election of the incumbent any more than could the electoral votes of Vermont, which went to the third-party candidate selected in the very first nominating caucus held by the Anti-Masonic party.  FTP, name this election in which William Wirt and Henry Clay were roundly defeated by Andrew Jackson.;;(Election) (of) 1832
;;In mathematics, this name is given to a theorem derived by using the Cauchy integral theorem to discard low- and high-order terms of the closed path integral of the series expansion of a meromorphic function. That theorem relates to this, its namesake object, equal to the first negative-power term of the Laurent series of a function about an isolated pole, or to one over two pi i times the integral of a function about a closed contour enclosing a single isolated pole. In chemistry, this term is contrasted with moiety and refers to the portion of a monomer present in a polymer chain, especially an amino acid in a protein chain. In number theory, this is another term for the principal part of a congruence. FTP, give this term from chemistry and from mathematics, in which it is synonymous with remainder, as in everyday usage.;;residue
;;This work refers to Thomas Otway in the seventh section's discussion of a lost child hoping to make her mother hear her cries. Published on the day on which a friend of its author married Mary Hutchinson, this poem is addressed to a "Lady" who is told "we receive but what we give" and upon whom are wished joy and, ultimately, sleep. Its seventh line alludes to an olian lute, the subject of another poem by the same author. It begins by saying that the wind will disturb the now-calm night according to the Ballad of Sir Patrick Spence. This poem's third and shortest section contains its famous lament, "My genial spirits fail." FTP, name this poem about the decay of creative powers, an ode by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.;;Dejection(:) (An) (Ode)
;;Solmundae Halmang offered to create one of these in exchange for some underwear.  Elsewhere in Korean mythology, Chumong is held to have conjured one of these with an arrow.  Good deeds may be exchanged for a white horse near one of these that touches the Hauzu'l-Kausar and Jehennam, the Sirat al-Mustaqim of Islam. One of these guarded by the husband of Uzume can be reached from Mount Takachihi. Horatius Cocles held one of these against Etruscans as it was demolished. Perhaps the best-known example of these objects from mythology is also known as Asbru and is guarded by Heimdall. FTP, name these objects, the Norse "rainbow" variety of which is known as Bifrost.;;bridges
;;Compared with alternatives, this object has a tendency to overstate increases because consumers normally opt not to buy products with significant price increases; if such purchases are made without reductions in satisfaction, then this economic device also overstates reductions in standard of living. In computing it, a product's price is given a certain weight depending on its importance compared to other purchases during a base period. If the value of this index is one, then a set of goods bought in the previous period would cost the same in the current period. FTP, identify this price index defined by a German economist and contrasted with the Paasche index.;;(the) Laspeyres (price) (index)
;;Various legends descibe how the body of the losing commander slain at this battle was either displayed for two days at Leicester or merely pitched off a bridge into the River Soar, where it was later found and buried at the Greyfriars Monastery. Though the winning commander managed to gather forces numbering about five thousand during a march to Ambion Hill, he still faced an opponent more than three times as large.  This battle saw the death of the Duke of Norfolk as well as the losing commander. Helped in no small part by the treachery of the brothers Sir William and Thomas Lord Stanley, FTP, name this battle of 1485 in which Richard III was slain and Henry Tudor was crowned, ending the Wars of the Roses.;;Bosworth Field
;;In the reduction named for this chemist, Bakshi, and Shibata, borane is used to reduce ketones enantioselectively via a chiral oxazaborolidine catalyst, known as the CBS catalyst. This person's namesake method of preparing olefins is also named for Winter. Terminal alkynes are made by via Wittig-like reaction on diboromoalkenes in the reaction named for him and Fuchs. Known for retrosynthetic analysis and as the original synthesizer of gingolide B and the prostaglandins, he is the namesake of rules determining the secondary structures of proteins with Pauling. FTP, name this American winner of the 1990 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.;;(Elias) (James) Corey
;;The largest thermal lake in the world, Lake Heviz, is located in this country just west of Lake Balaton, one of the largest lakes in central Europe. The highest point is Kekes, a mountain located in the Carpathians that run through the north along the Slovakian border. Major rivers include the Tisza, Drava, and the Danube which flows through the capital. FTP, what is this nation bordered by Ukraine, Austria, Slovakia, Romania, Slovenia, Serbia, and Croatia with capital at Budapest?.;;(Republic) (of) Hungary|Magyar (Koztarsasag)
;;This artist received two Guggenheim genius grants for a project dealing with "Rites, Manners, and Customs" and taught at the Parsons School of Design. A pupil of Model, a notable earlier work of hers depicts a child with a toy grenade. She received most of her formal artistic training with her husband, who became a noted fashion photographer, and she served as his stylist. After she left her husband Alan in 1960, she received further training from Richard Avedon. Identical Twins, Roselle, New Jersey is typical of her work and shows Catherine and Colleen Wade, a pair of conjoined twins. FTP, name the American photographer best known for her images of freaks and outsiders.;;(Diane) Arbus|(Diane) Nemerov
;;Among the unusual scenes from this opera is in the third act, during which a depiction of frivolities on a frozen lake calls for singers to perform on roller-skates, although more serious are the performance of the  "Triumphal Hymn" and the bitter "O Priests of Baal."  Its Ad Nos ad Salutarem Dei music was later the subject of a series of organ variations by Liszt. Eugene Scribe made alterations in the life of the historical figure on which it is based, changing him from a tailor's apprentice to an innkeeper, while conveniently omitting his sixteen wives and relocating all of his love towards the female lead Berthe.  The title character dies in a violent explosion rather than from the brutal torture that befell the historical leader of the Anabaptists on whose life this work is based.  FTP, name this work dramatizing the life of John of Leyden, a grand opera by Giacomo Meyerbeer.;;(The) Prophet|(Le) Prophete
;;This work's 27th chapter, "The End of Apartment No. 50," finds "a whole floor" of an organization not sleeping and hints that the House on the Embankment is the home of Sempleyarov. The novel within this novel centers on Yeshua, but claims that Arthanius arranged a certain murder. Only authors and lovers can see Woland and his cohorts for what they are, which leads to one of the main characters being found schizophrenic; it is thus that the male title character meets Ivan Bezdomny in an insane asylum. FTP, identify this novel setting a contest between Jesus and Satan in Stalinist Russia, the most famous work of Mikhail Bulgakov.;;(The) Master and Margarita|Master i Margarita
;;It established a court system, its namesake chamber, one of the most famous instances of which was located at Castres. The renunciation of this agreement led to the Potsdam Proclamation of Frederick Wilhelm, which caused a mass emigration. Among its provisions was the non-transfer of control of certain places de surete, the maintenance of which was to be paid for by the government. Partially annulled by the Peace of Ales, it restored Catholicism in many places, but was vehemently opposed by Clement the Eighth and other popes until its repudiation at Fountainbleu. FTP, identify this declaration by Henry IV that sought to protect Huguenots.;;(the) (Edict) (of) Nantes|(dit) de Nantes
;;This work contrasts two places by analogy to the differences between a bouquet and a newspaper called "The Advertiser." Opening with the prospect of a snow-covered graveyard in the middle of a city, this book has a subplot centering on "a little document" that one of the title characters keeps in a writing-desk; the other title character is, in fact, unsure if that annulment consent has been signed in the end, as he departs Boston by ship. One of the main characters is the wife of Prince Adolf of Silberstadt-Schreckenstein; the other eventually weds his cousin, Gerturde, a daughter of the Puritanical Mr. Wentworth. FTP, name this book about Eugenia Munster and Felix Young, a novel by Henry James about some visitors to America.;;(The) Europeans
;;He advocated complete allegiance to the crown in his Passive Obedience, and suggested that slave-holding was good for Africans because it enabled them to become Christians in his A Proposal for the Better Supply of Churches. He was also a scientist, and expounded his theories in such works as A Defense of Free Thinking in Mathematics and The Analyst, though he is better known today as a philosopher.  He attacked the Earl of Shaftesbury in his Alcyphron or the Ten Minute Philosopher, while he explained medicinal values of tarwater in his Siris.  However, he is better known for works like Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge. FTP, name this Irish clergyman and philosopher perhaps best known for his Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonus.;;(George) Berkeley
;;Scandal engulfed this leader's administration when Bert Lance was accused of financial improprieties, but Lance, the director of the Office of Management and Budget, was later acquitted. Shortly after election, this man abolished the Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board and created the Commission on Mental Health, but also courted controversy with Order 11967, which forgave violations to the SSA. He negotiated the treaties that gave control of the Panama Canal to Panama but, after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, he removed SALT II from Senate consideration. FTP, name this one-term President who was unable to resolve the Iran hostage crisis.;;(James) (Earl) (Jimmy) Carter(,) (Jr(.))
;;One of these due to Babinet notes that a target removes twice its cross section from a beam in the physical limit. Dicke's one notes that the density of the universe is very close to the critical density. Ones in fluid mechanics include Stokes', which relates to the boundary conditions on creeping flow about an infinite cylinder, and one regarding the drag on an object in an inviscid fluid due to D'Alambert's. Bell's inequality resolves one of the most subtle of these quandaries, the quantum relativistic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen or EPR one. FTP, name these seemingly self-contradictory statements used to poke holes in theoretical science.;;paradoxes
;;Among the children of this figure is his daughter Jochabed, who would later marry her own nephew Amram, while others include Gerhon, Kohath, and Merari. His descendants would not enjoy material prosperity in the land of Israel due to his role in avenging the seduction of his sister Dinah by Shechem, whose followers he slaughtered while they were recovering from circumcision, although unlike Simeon his progeny would receive cities from all the tribes including the cities of refuge as well as tithes, presumably to maintain them in their care for the priests and maintenance of the tabernacle. FTP, name this third son of Jacob and Leah and ancestor of Moses, whose progeny assumed sacerdotal responsiblities in the Israelite religion.;;Levi
;;The definitive modern work on this people was written in 1967 by E.T. Salmon, who describes their Oscan dialect, their practice of the Sacred Spring, and their role in engineering a defeat on P. Cornelius Rufinus at the Cranite Mountains. They were slaughtered in great numbers after their surrender at the Colline Gate and Praeneste, which led to their decline, and many of them were killed at Bovianum and Beneventum despite the efforts of C. Papius Mutilus and later Pontius Telesinus, the latter a descendant of the man who performed their most famous exploit against the Romans in 321 BC.  FTP, name this Italian people, perhaps best known for defeating the Romans and compelling them to go under the yoke at the battle of the Caudine Forks.;;(the) Samnites
;;Using paraphernalia created in the coal company office, this work's central event is related to "corn be[coming] heavy soon."  It is suggested that the failure to perform a key action will cause people to move back to caves by Old Man Warner, who addresses qualms of the Adams'.  Set in a village anchored by Mr. Martin, Mr. Graves, and Mr. Summers, this work ends with the cry "It isn't fair, it isn't right," issued by a simple wife. First published in 1948 in The New Yorker, it was perhaps inspired by the author's time in Bennington, Vermont, the residents of which objected to this story's publication. It ends as the drawer of a black spot, Tessie Hutchinson, is stoned to death.  FTP, name the Shirley Jackson story about a random draw that takes place every June 27.;;(The) Lottery
;;Warren Austin resigned from his Vermont Senate seat to take this position. Arthur Goldberg resigned from the Supreme Court to take this position in hopes of settling an end to the Vietnam War.  Edward Stettinius resigned as Secretary of State to serve as the first one. Daniel Patrick Moynihan prevented action being taken against Indonesia's 1975 invasion of East Timor in his time in this office, which was held by Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. from 1953 to 1960.  Currently occupied by Alejandro Wolff, and previously held by Andrew Young, Adlai Stevenson, and John Negroponte, FTP, name this diplomatic position recently held by John Bolton, an envoy to an international body located in New York City.;;Ambassador (to) (the) United Nations|(the) (U(.)S(.)) Permanent Representative (to) (the) (United) (Nations)
;;He wrote about the evolution of early humans in The Human Legacy. He argued that individuals possess a drive to evaluate themselves against other people in his pioneering article "A Theory of Social Comparison Processes." This man analyzed the results of disproven cataclysmic predictions in When Prophecy Fails. This psychologist also collaborated on an experiment in which subjects performed boring tasks; in that experiment, the greatest changes in attitude were exhibited by subjects who had to reconcile conflicting cognitions. FTP, name this psychologist, who along with Carlsmith developed the theory of cognitive dissonance.;;(Leon) Festinger
;;Its second section ends with speculation that a young woman died because she tried to cross the lake at Lochan Neck, or because she lost her way "by turning left from Bridgeroad."  The third section opens by punning on Rabelais's last words and describing death as the "grand potato" before discussing the I.P.H., or Institute or Preparation for the Hereafter, which hires the author to "speak on death."  It was written by the author of the essay collection The Universal Seahorse, who in its fourth and final canto discusses the difficulty of shaving and his certainty that he will wake on the morning of July 22, 1959.  FTP, name this poem which is 999 lines long, a work of John Shade which is paired with a commentary by Charles Kinbote in a novel by Vladimir Nabokov.;;Pale Fire
;;One section of this work features a cloudlike white palace and consists of a landscape that partly hides a mountain range on the right. The first painting of this series is dominated by a cave representing "the mysterious Past," while the fourth depicts a dove illuminated by golden rays of light. All paintings but the last contain an hourglass attached to the prow of a golden boat, which is steered by an angel due to the infancy of the central figure. Unlike its painter's earlier historical series The Course of Empire, it centers on that solitary figure's allegorical journey on a river before reaching the ocean and ascending to heaven. Consisting of "Childhood," "Youth," "Manhood," and "Old Age," FTP, identify this series of paintings by Thomas Cole.;;(The) Voyage of Life
;;The first man by this name gained power after his brother was allegedly poisoned by priests permitted into his stronghold of Vilcabamba. He would be beheaded along with five of his generals after he was captured by Francisco de Toledo. The second man with this name saw success against Tiburcio Landa at the Sangarara, which came nine days after he and his followers executed Corregidor Antonio Arriaga on charges of excessive cruelty. That man was born Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui, but traced his origins back to the aforementioned predecessor. He was captured in Cuzco and executed in 1781. FTP, give this name shared by the leader of an indigenous uprising in Peru and the final Inca emperor.;;Tupac Amaru
;;The Chowla-Selberg formula uses an infinite series of K-Bessel functions to express the zeta function of this name. A literary theorist with this surname wrote Cries in the New Wilderness and Russian Postmodernism, while a sculptor with this surname created the tomb of Oscar Wilde and The Rock Drill. A first baseman with this surname was nicknamed "Superjew," and a still more famous person with this surname replaced Allan Williams before introducing a noted band to George Martin. Another person with this surname replaced Mike Port and hired sabermetricians like Voros McCracken and Bill James, while signing J. D. Drew and Daisuke Matsuzaka this offseason. FTP, give this surname shared by Beatles manager Brian and Red Sox GM Theo.;;Epstein
;;Sometimes invoked as the grandfather of Heimdall, his servants include Eldir and Fimafeng. His brothers include Kari and Logi, while his nine daughters, who are depicted with white veils and robes, are described as the Billow Maidens. Perhaps best known for hosting lavish dinners alongside his wife Ran at his gold-walled dining hall near the isle of Hler, it was Thor who brought him the magical cauldron which he uses to brew his ale. Slain by Loki at one of his own feasts, this deity was feared and praised by sailors. FTP, name this early Norse sea god.;;Aegir
;;An essay on this man "and the question of the subject" appears in Paul Ricoeur's The Conflict of Interpretations.  In an essay published in Philosophy and Social Hope, Richard Rorty imagined an alternate universe in which this man married a woman named Sarah Mandelbaum and moved to America.  Rorty also discusses this man, Milan Kundera, and Charles Dickens in an essay which appears in his second collection of "philosophical papers."  Jacques Derrida wrote about this man's avoidance of a certain concept in his book Of Spirit.  In 1929 this man published Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics two years after his best-known work appeared.  FTP, name this German philosopher who never finished his treatise Being and Time.;;(Martin) Heidegger
;;Its central region consists of a chain of volcanic mountains, the most active of which is the Stromboli-like Mt. Arenal. At the foot of that volcano lies this country's largest lake, which shares the same name. Nearly one-quarter of this nation's land consists of protected national parks, such as the Monteverde Cloud Forest, and its counties include Limon, Heredia, and Cartago. Its national currency is the colon and in 1948, under President Jose Ferrer, it became the first country to constitutionally abolish its military force. The second most southern nation in Central America, FTP, identify this republic whose capital is San Jose.;;Costa Rica
;;In the opening scene of this work, one character asks "Why should a man whose blood is warm within / Sit like his grandsire cut in alabaster?" after Salerio and Solanio fail to cheer up the title character.  Another character reunites with his blind father after identifying Margery as his mother, while Gratiano falls in love with Nerissa on a trip to Belmont. In Act 2, the Prince of Morocco and the Prince of Aragon both lose their chance to marry a rich widow by opening the wrong caskets. In Act 4, one character impersonates a doctor named Balthasar, and delivers a speech beginning "The quality of mercy is not strained." FTP, name this play featuring Portia, Antonio, and Shylock.;;(The) Merchant of Venice
;;David Kendall wrote the official response to this document, whose tenth section, "Growing Frustration," describes the Zedillo visit.  A later section of its "Narrative" portion, "The Affidavit," discusses the "Perelman call" and the "Francis Carter meeting."  Another section discusses the role of Betty Currie as an intermediary, while its last section includes the testimony of John Podesta and Harold Ickes.  It begins by discussing a decision of Judge Susan Wright, and one person mentioned in it tried to use Vernon Jordan to get a job after being transferred to the Pentagon from the White House. It argues for charges of obstruction of justice and lying under oath, and drew criticism for its explicit description of sexual encounters. FTP, name this document released by the Office of the Independent Counsel which argued for the impeachment of Bill Clinton.;;(The) Starr Report
;;His fourth symphony, which is known as "Adagio," was written to commemorate the bicentennial of the French Revolution, while his seventh was written to commemorate the 3,000th year of a certain city.  In addition to Seven Gates of Jerusalem, he has written a piano concerto known as Resurrection, but he is better known for vocal works such as Dimensions of Time and Silence and his 1967 St. Luke's Passion.  He also wrote a work scored for 52 string instruments which took third prize at Katowice's Composer's Competition in 1960.  FTP, name this composer of Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima and the Polish Requiem.;;(Krzysztof) Penderecki
;;Proteins destined for this structure are tagged at their N-linked oligosaccharides by mannose-6-phosphate, which allow receptors to mediate vesicular transport of tagged proteins. Malfunction of this process is the cause of inclusion cell disease, while the lack of a critical enzyme inside this organelle leads to diseases such as Pompe's disease and Hurler syndrome. The lack of hexos-aminidase A causing buildup of gangliosides in this organelle is the cause of Tay-Sachs disease. Proton pumps and ion channels in this organelle maintain the pH of 4.8 that is critical for enzymatic function. Discovered in 1949 by Christian de Duve, FTP, name these organelles that destroy cellular waste and aid in the breakdown of macromolecules.;;lysosomes
;;This man wrote an essay on the trial of Gaston Dominici which described his conviction as "the triumph of literature," while another of his essays contrasts the Nautilus in Verne's novels with Rimbaud's Drunken Boat.  His first book opens with a discussion of Hebert's technique of using obscenities in every issue of Le Pere Duchene and ends with a chapter describing literature as "the utopia of language."  One of this man's most famous essays criticizes the belief that texts have "a single 'theological' meaning," and instead posits that meaning should be "disentangled" rather than "deciphered" as a result of replacing the title figure with "the scriptor."  That essay by this man opens by discussing Balzac's story "Sarassine," as did this author's book S/Z.  FTPE, name this French literary critic who wrote Writing Degree Zero and "The Death of the Author.".;;(Roland) Barthes (BART)
;;Curry and Howard demonstrated its correspondence to intuitionistic logic and any simply-typed version of it can be interpreted in a Cartesian closed category. System F was a typed version of this system which added parametric polymorphism. Languages based on it may encounter both the upwards and downwards funarg problems. Its expressions are either variables, abstractions or applications. It can be implemented in Eiffel or Python, but it has the most similarity to functional programming languages such as Scheme and LISP. Equivalent to a Turing machine, FTP identify this system of formal computation developed by Kleene and Church, which is named for a Greek letter.;;lambda calculus
;;His nonfiction was collected in The Rush for Second Place, while one of his novels opens with some boys batting a dead dove back and forth and goes on to tell the story of a con man who works for the Rev. Elton Ude, loves the adulterous Liz, and is contrasted with the geologist McCandless. In addition to Paul Grimes, this author created such characters as Recktall Brown, who corrupts the idealistic artist Wyatt Gwyon, as well as an eleven-year-old tycoon who causes the crash of the stock market. His final work, Agape Agape, was published posthumously in 2002, eight years after his National Book Award winning work about Oscar Crease, A Frolic of His Own.  FTP, identify this experimental novelist who wrote Carpenter's Gothic, JR, and The Recognitions.;;(William) Gaddis
;;After a diplomatic visit to China and North Korea he announced a program that would eliminate his country's ten scourges. This occurred after his project to exploit minerals known as Plan 80 fell through, and after the U.S. Import-Export Bank reneged on a deal to loan his government money for the proposed Inga Dam. A former reporter for the daily newspaper, "The Future," he joined the MNC in 1958, nine years before he introduced the MPR or Popular Movement of the Revolution and announced that it would be his nation's only political party. Towards the end of his life he appointed Kengo Wa Dondo as prime minister and was overthrown with support by the Tutsi governments of Rwanda and Uganda by Laurent Kabila. FTP, identify this man who named himself Lumumba's spiritual successor in 1965, a long-time autocratic ruler who renamed his country Zaire.;;Mobutu (Sese) (Seko)|(Joseph) (Desire) Mobutu
;;In Nikolai Ge's version, the central figure wears brown and reclines on a bed. Dirk Bouts' version is the center panel of the Altarpiece of the Holy Sacrament, and includes four servants in the background. The figures are barefoot in Jacopo Bassano's version, while Andrea del Castagno's version features an isolated figure sitting in the foreground on one side of a long white table. The central figure has a brilliant halo in Tintoretto's version, which is set on a diagonal, while another version portrays Judas' face in shadow. FTP, name this scene from the New Testament most famously painted by Leonardo da Vinci, which depicts the final meal eaten before the betrayal of Jesus.;;(The) Last Supper
;;This man is credited with writing a satyr-play called the Sisyphus, whose surviving fragments include a rationalistic account of how humans came to believe in gods. He himself was accused in a major case of blasphemous vandalism but cleared with the help of Andocides [ann-DAH-sid-eez].  He was exiled to Thessaly but returned to Athens with his ally Theramenes [thuh-RAM-uh-neez], whose execution he later brought about. He was executed after a force from Phyle [FYE-lee] led by Thrasybulus [thras-IBB-uh-luss] restored the democracy in 403, overthrowing this man and the Thirty Tyrants. FTP, identify this namesake of a Platonic dialogue which includes an account of Atlantis.;;Critias
;;This thinker invented a constructed language called the Lingua Ignota, and wrote a morality play about the victory of the Virtues over Satan, Ordo Virtutum. This opponent of the Cathar Heresy described a man superimposed on the world who turns on the points of the compass in the six-part Liber Vitae Meritorum, and depicted the Catholic Church as "Ecclesia," a powerful woman, in Scivias, a book of divine visions. Taught by Jutta and Volmar, she was one of the first people to undergo the canonization process, but was not officially recognized as a saint until the 16th century, almost five hundred years after her death in 1179. FTP, name this German composer and mystic.;;Hildegard (von) (Bingen)
;;Its decline began with the rebellion of Abraha, the general in charge of Himyar, which fell under Sassanid influence. The port of Adulis connected its inland center on the Tigray Plateau with the outside world. Their namesake capital city is the end of Queen Makeda's voyage in the Kebra Nagast. Early versions of that work may date to the time of Frumentius, the first Bishop of their capital city, who converted Emperor Ezana to Christianity. They defeated their western rivals at Meroe in the 4th century AD, and extended their power across the Red Sea to Yemen 200 year later, but the rise of Islam eventually isolated the Ge'ez speaking residents. FTP, name this entity whose founder, Menelik I, created the first Christian empire in Ethiopia.;;Aksum|Axumite (Empire)
;;This writer asked "What bleeds when metal breaks?" and "Can feathers eat me?" in "The Long Alley."  He wrote "At Woodlawn I heard the dead cry" at the opening of his "The Lost Son," while he lamented that "My friends become more Christian, year by year" at the end of his "The Sententious Man."  The title character of one of his poems "cast herself down into such a pure depth" when she was sad, and possessed "neckcurls" which were "limp and damp as tendrils."  Another of his poems is a villanelle which concludes "I learn by going where I have to go."  FTP, name this American poet of "My Papa's Waltz," "Elegy for Jane," and "The Waking.".;;(Theodore) Roethke
;;The Berry phase is almost never present in it, with the exception of the "JT valley" caused by the Jahn-Teller effect, and it fails for graphenes, due to rigid oscillations of Dirac cones and a stiffening of the Raman G peak.  Its first step consists of solving the time-independent Schrodinger Equation to obtain namesake potential energy surfaces, which can be used to determine nuclear eigenvalues, while Eckart conditions are used in its second step.  The Franck-Condon principle assumes that the vibrational and electronic wavefunctions are separate in, FTP, this physical approximation used to model molecular dynamics, which assumes nuclei do not move in relation to electrons and is named for two physicists.;;Born(-)Oppenheimer (approximation)
;;Melvin Delgarno wrote about this thinker's "Natural Jurisprudence," while Theodore Gracyk wrote about the failure of his aesthetics. In one work, this philosopher argued that a man who has a limb cut off remains the same person.  He asserted that the three central mental acts were sensation, conception, and perception, and tried to defend the Lockian distinction between primary and secondary qualities against Berkeley's objections to the doctrine.  He criticized Hume's understanding of causation in his last major work, 1788's Essays on the Active Powers of Man.  FTP, name this Scottish thinker who also wrote Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man and An Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense.;;(Thomas) Reid
;;In one work by this artist a large white cat sits in the lap of a man clad in a blue sweater in front of some bay windows, while another work by this man shows Nick Wilder in front of an apartment complex. His experiments with Polaroid photo collages yielded works like You make the picture, Zion Canyon, Utah, and his other portraits include one "surrounded by artistic devices." The Metropolitan Museum contains his Mount Fuji and Flowers, and he also created the work Skaters/Venice in honor of the Los Angeles bicentennial. FTP, name this painter of Mr. and Mrs. Clark and Percy, a contributor to British pop art in the 1960s who paints front lawns, men taking showers, and lots of swimming pools as seen in works like A Bigger Splash.;;(David) Hockney
;;His book What I Know of Farming described his work in swamp reclamation on his Chappaqua estate.  Earlier in his career, he founded an unprofitable journal called the New Yorker before moving on to edit a Whig campaign journal called The Jeffersonian.  He failed to get Seward's Senate seat in 1861, and two years later was unable to win his state's other Senate seat thanks to the opposition of Thurlow Weed, though over the next decade he became a leader of the Liberal Republicans.  Sales of his collection The American Conflict took a nosedive after he signed a bond for the release of Jefferson Davis.  FTP, name this founder of the New York Tribune who unsuccessfully ran for President in 1872.;;(Horace) Greeley
;;The facial and abducens paralysis known as Millard-Gubler syndrome is caused by obstruction of blood vessels in and surrounding this structure. Acetylcholine released here induces REM sleep, and this structure sends signals to the thalamus to cause paralysis during dream states.  Consisting of the upper pneumotaxic and lower apneustic centers, it plays an important role in regulating breathing, and it serves as a relay between the cerebrum and the cerebellum, the function that gives it its name.  The location of the lesion in locked-in syndrome, FTP, name this structure in the brain stem located between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, which takes its name from the Latin for "bridge.".;;pons (Varolii)
;;It has been extended by Cox and Ross' constant elasticity of variance method, while one of its original assumptions was relaxed in work by Jonathan Ingerson. Because it assumes a flat surface of volatility, a related problem is the "smile" shape of real data. Building on the work of Louis Bachelier, it uses a model of geometric Brownian motion to characterize change, and it assumes that it is possible to borrow or lend money at a constant risk-free interest rate. Positing that an asset's value is a function of the expected benefit from acquisition and the present value of paying the exercise price, this is, FTP, what model of option pricing named for two economists?.;;Black(-)Scholes (option) (pricing) (model)
;;Minor characters in this work include the servant Christophil and a character who tries to frame a nobleman for murder, the deceitful Viluppo.  One character has his servant kill Serberine because he believes that he informed the protagonist of his crime.  Pedringano believes that a messenger is bringing him a pardon for murder, which prevents him from exposing Lorenzo.  The protagonist's wife Isabella serves as a foil to Bel-Imperia, who loved Andrea before Balthazar killed him.  FTP, name this revenge play centering on Hieronimo's attempt to avenge the death of his son Horatio, the most famous work of Thomas Kyd.;;(The) Spanish Tragedy
;;One waterway by this name is fed by the Skunk River in Morrison County before it flows into the Mississippi in Benton County, Minnesota. Another begins as the outflow of its namesake lake in Michigan before it empties into Loon Lake. The most famous river by this name was mapped by Stephen Long in the 1820s, more than a century after it was discovered by Sieur de Bourgmont, who noted the combination of its Northern and Southern affluents. It flows in an arc past Kearney and Cozad and is joined by the Loup River before passing Omaha.  FTP, give this name most commonly associated with a tributary of the Missouri which takes its name from the French for "flat water.".;;Platte (river)
;;His name graces a Noh play by Miyamasu in which the spirit of Michizane has become this entity to take revenge on his enemies in the palace.  The Inari faith grew from cults dedicated to the worship of this deity, whose presence is said to coincide with the appearance of snakes or children.  Often associated with Aji-Shiki-Taka-Hiko-Ne, Hayaji, and Susanowa, he apparently eats the navels of children, and is depicted as a fiery red demon with a whip and a ring of drums, the latter of which he uses to create the meteorological effect with which he is most associated.  FTP, name this Shinto kami of storms and thunder, whose name was appropriated by a character in Mortal Kombat.;;Raiden (sama)|Raijin|Kaminari(-)sama|Narukami
;;His inappropriate sense of humor was evidenced in a letter he sent to the pianist Harriet Cohen which was adorned with a swastika.  The etchings of Thomas Rowlandson inspired his overture  Portsmouth Point, while the end of his career saw such works as Capriccio burlesco and a Duettino for flute and oboe.  One of his early works is based on the text "Drop, Drop Slow Tears" by Phineas Fletcher.  That work, A Litany, was written when he was a choirboy at Chirstchurch, though this composer's most famous work contains a parody of Elgar's Pomp and Circumstance to represent the court of a Babylonian king.  FTP, name this British composer of the operas The Bear and Troilus and Cressida , best known for his 1931 cantata Belshazzar's Feast.;;(William) Walton
;;This author's The Broken Nest deals with a runaway boy who is adopted by a kindly tax collector and named as his heir, but runs away again just as he is about to marry the tax collector's daughter. His dramas include such works as The Waterfall and The Sacrifice. His most important novel focuses on Nikhil's attempts to deal with the religious violence in his homeland and is called The Home and the World. His own translations of Lalan Shah would inspire the poems collected in The Golden Boat, while his 1912 collection of 103 poems, translated as Song Offerings, featured an ecstatic preface by William Butler Yeats that would bring him fame.  FTP, identify this Bengali poet who wrote Gitanjali.;;(Rabindranath) Tagore
;;One person by this name is mentioned in the Koran as building a tower for a Pharoah to "reach the God of Moses."  A better known person by this name was elevated to his position after the conspiracy of Bigthan and Teresh to assassinate the king was uncovered, and boasted to his wife Zeresh about being invited to a banquet held by the king.  That figure's downfall began when a man refused to kneel to him in the street, while the eunuch Harbona suggested his ironic means of execution, a gallows built 50 cubits high on which he had intended to bring about the demise of a religious group. FTP, name this advisor to the Persian King Ahasuerus, whose plot to kill Mordecai and the Jews is thwarted in the Book of Esther.;;Haman
;;One of this man's novels opens with the disruption by Sir Ralph of the marriage at Rubygill of Robert Fitz-Ooth and Matilda Fitzwater.  Chapters on "Pantopragmatics" and "Aristophanes in London" appear in this man's last novel, which features Algernon Falconer and the Reverend Doctor Opimian.  This man never finished a novel which features John Figginbotham, Calidore, though he did complete Melincourt and Gryll Grange.  His best-known poem, "The War-Song of Dinas Vawr," appears in the novel The Misfortunes of Elphin.  FTP, name this author of Maid Marian, Crotchet Castle, and Headlong Hall, a friend of Percy Bysshe Shelley who was the foremost English satirical novelist of the early 19th century.;;(Thomas) (Love) Peacock
;;He was noted for his obesity and buffoonery, in one instance appearing in a mock adoption ceremony in the imperial women's quarters wearing only a diaper. Under minister Li Lin-fu this man of Sogdian heritage rose to high rank, commanding three frontier provinces. After Li's death precipitated a power struggle, this man declared the Yen Dynasty. His ascension would be checked by Uighur forces, but not before his conquest of Ch'ang-an forced the Emperor to execute the concubine Yang Guifei and drove the Emperor into exile. FTP, name this general whose 756 rebellion failed but nevertheless fatally weakened the Tang Dynasty.;;An Lushan
;;In 2001, Polish physicists suggested that this man's namesake field has a very small coherence length when the number of particles gets too large.  The Gross-Pitaevskii functional is used to model this man's namesake rotating, two-dimensional type of gas, and his name denotes a mean-field approximation from spherical to deformed particles along with Hartree. Though initially rejected by Philosophical Magazine, his paper on deriving a certain black body radiation law using a phase-space approach, entitled "Planck's Law and the Hypothesis of Light Quanta," was translated into German by Einstein in 1924.  FTP, name this Indian physicist, the namesake of a class of particles with integer spin and namesake of a state of supercooled matter with Einstein.;;(Satyendra) (Nath) Bose
;;Recollections in this work include school-time incidents at such as "Red Head's" misspelling of the word "fourth" and the oration of Wendell Phillips' speech "Toussaint L'Ouverture" by a classmate nicknamed "Shiny." That protagonist goes to Atlanta for college, but leaves for Jacksonville, where he experiences a "cake-walk," and ends up in New York, where he meets a millionaire, with whom he travels to Europe and resolves to make ragtime music classical.  When he returns to the South, the title character witnesses the lynching of a black man and realizes that he will never share that fate, as he has successfully adopted the speech and looks of the white man.  FTP, identify this novel about an unnamed mulatto who passes for white, a work by James Weldon Johnson.;;(The) Autobiography of an Ex(-)Colored Man
;;He negotiated for one of his sons to marry the Byzantine princess Theophano, and he divided Mecklenburg between two margravates.  At the behest of Pope John XII, he invaded Italy and deposed Adalbert, after which he was crowned in St. Peter's. He had earlier thwarted Berengar, the king of Burgundy, by venturing into Italy a year before his coronation and marrying Adelaide, though he was drawn back to his homeland to put down a revolt by the Duke of Lotharingia, Conrad. His chronicler, Thetimar, claimed this man would rather "die than tolerate [the] evil" of the Magyars, whom he defeated in 955 at Lechfeld.  FTP, name this son of Matilda and Henry the Fowler, the first Saxon ruler of the Holy Roman Empire.;;Otto I|Otto the Great
;;The Maier-Saupe mean field theory and the Onsager hard-rod model are theories that predict phase transitions in them.  They can form from disc-shaped basic units that stack to form columns in the discotic columnar phase.  The cholesteric phase is the thermotropic type of these substances, whose lyotropic type includes those formed by the Tobacco Mosaic Virus.  The centers of its molecules tend to lie in layers in the smectic phase.  Its molecules are mostly oriented the same way but distributed randomly in the simplest phase, known as nematic.  FTP, identify this substance used in display devices.;;liquid crystals
;;Its leader became upset after Kido Koin, Okubo Toshimichi, and other officials refused his proposal to seize Korea. Although that man had helped the government come to power eleven years earlier, he became disenchanted with the direction it was taking, prompting him to return to Kyushu and enlist 40,000 members of the namesake clan. Its first offensive was at Kagoshima and was followed by a six-week engagement at Kumamoto, though by then less than 500 fighters remained. It ended with the Battle of Shiroyama, where its leader, Saigo Takamori, preferred to die ritually rather than from a bullet. Driven by the loss of status of a particular social class, this is, FTP, what short-lived 1877 Japanese insurrection that marked the end of the samurai?.;;Satsuma (Rebellion)
;;The main plot of this work is juxtaposed with the tale of a Marxist uprising of mill-workers who take over a closed factory and start running it after the death of Will Thompson. It opens with Pluto Swint arriving in a blue shirt that clings to his skin, which leads to a discussion about superstition with the protagonist's sons, Buck and Shaw. The loose morals of Griselda contributed to the uproar over the book, which resulted in it being banned by the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice.  Set in Georgia, the main character believes that an albino person will bring him luck, so he kidnaps and imprisons Dave Lawson to help him in his quest, resulting in the destruction of his land.  FTP, name this 1933 novel in which Ty Ty Walden searches for gold on the titular plot of land, a work by Erskine Caldwell.;;God's Little Acre
;;According to one of the major texts of this faith, the individuals known as the "Hands of the Cause of God" are supposed to "diffuse the Divine Fragrances" of this religion throughout the world. That text, the Will and Testament of one of this religion's early leaders, also expounds on the idea of the Covenant with God, the concept of religious dispensations, and the history of Prophets known as Manifestations of God, or mazhar. Historical mazhars include Adam, Jesus, and Muhammad, but the current dispensation was opened by a figure known as the Bab. FTP, name this religion, whose major prophets include Baha'u'llah.;;Baha'i
;;A 1995 work by Christopher Adair-Toteff refers to him as a "Utopian Visionary."  He categorized criminals as either "Gauner" or "Frevler," while one of his early studies examined violence during a dock strike in Hamburg.  He examined suicide in his work Selbstmord in Schleswig-Holstein, while his most famous work discusses the Wesenwille, or essential will, and Kurwille, or arbitrary will. That work distinguishes between two types of societies: one where a sense of belonging and community interest is strong, and one which is more individualistic.  FTP, those two types appear in the title of what German sociologist's Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft?.;;(Ferdinand) Tonnies
;;The first required office-holders to have taken the sacrament of the Lord's Supper within a year before their election to any municipal office.  The third prohibited conventicles of more than five people who were not members of the same household, while another of them required all ecclesiastical officials to read a certain set of prayers prior to the feast of Saint Bartholomew.  The fourth and last of them forbade Nonconformist ministers from coming within five miles of their former livings.  FTP, name this set of laws which includes the Corporation Act and the Act of Uniformity, which were passed in the 1660s to re-establish the supremacy of the Anglican Church and were named for the Lord Chancellor under Charles II.;;(the) (Code) (of) Clarendon|(the) Clarendon (Code)
;;When this word is followed by "character," it is used to describe a family of sets that, according to Tukey's Lemma, has a maximal element with respect to the inclusion ordering. A set S satisfies Kuratowski's notion of this property if it is a member of the sub-semi-lattice generated by the empty set and the singletons in the power set of S. The set of all sets that are hereditarily this is denoted (V-sub-omega), and can be constructed recursively by beginning with the empty set, continually taking the power set of the last set in the sequence, and taking the union of every set in the sequence. A set satisfies Dedekind's notion of this property if it is not equinumerous to any of its proper subsets. FTP, what is this property which describes a set that has cardinality equal to that of a natural number?.;;finiteness
;;His early works such as The Remains of a Poet drew on his experiences as a clerk, while he turned to literary inspiration for Hamlet Following the Ghost of his Father. He illustrated his own novella Under the Hill, which was a version of the Tannhauser story. Also controversial were the eight illustrations he created for an edition of Aristophanes' Lysistrata. Other illustrations included a series done for Le Morte d'Arthur, but he is better known for his work with such magazines as The Savoy and The Yellow Book. Noted for his black-and-white ink work, FTP, name this Art Nouveau artist most famous for his illustrations of Oscar Wilde's Salome.;;(Aubrey) Beardsley
;;He wrote about an eel and her son who are watching a fisherman when a piano falls into the sea and nearly crushes them in his story "The Big Gravel-Sifter."  After a play set in early Ireland, The Outlaw, gained attention, he received a stipend that allowed him to return to school.  He wrote about Arvid Falk in his first novel, Roda Rummet, while his other early works include a historical play about Olaus Petri, Master Olof.  The dramas Easter and A Dream Play appear in his Damascus trilogy, while his other plays include The Spook Sonata and The Father.  FTP, name this Swedish author of Miss Julie.;;(August) Strindberg
;;His daughter was so beautiful that she was referred to as "The Flower of the Lady." This mythological figure would spend many years looking for his son without knowing that he'd been killed at the battle of Gabhra. In one tale he named a pup Bran Og and trained him to battle a magical bird. In yet another story he sided with Crothar and helped him to prevail in his war with Rothmar. Found by his father on the slopes of Ben Bulben, he would age 300 years after falling off the magical horse Embarr, which was given to him by his lover Niamh. FTP, name this son of Fionn mac Cumhail (Finn Ma-Cool) and Sadb, a legendary warrior-poet.;;Oisin|Osian or Ossian
;;This person's namesake gas consists of a fixed array of spherical scatterers, with a single particle elastically scattering between them. When the effect of radiative reaction force is included, the equation of motion for a nonrelativistic charged particle is named for him and Abraham. Along with a Danish mathematician, he lends his name to an equation relating index of refraction to density, also known as the Clausius-Mossotti equation. His namesake factor equals one over the square root of one minus beta squared, and is symbolized by a lowercase gamma. FTP, name this co-discoverer of the Zeeman effect, whose namesake transformation shows how to transform spacetime coordinates to a moving reference frame in special relativity.;;(Hendrik) Lorentz
;;His Four Studies in Rhythm include two pieces entitled "Island of Fire," and also contains a piece sometimes considered the first work of total serialism, Mode de valeurs et d'intensites.  His keyboard works include the Livre du Saint-Sacrament for solo organ, as well as a piece that contains such movements as Premiere communion de la Vierge.  That work is a suite written for his wife Yvonne Loriod entitled Vingt regards sur l'enfant Jesus.  He is best known for a work in eight movements which begins with the "Liturgy of Crystal" and was composed while he was a prisoner of the Nazis in World War II.  FTP, name this 20th-century French composer of the Quartet for the End of Time.;;(Olivier) Messiaen
;;The Seven Hundred Pyrotists and the Count de Maubec de la Dentdulynx are among the figures appearing in Book Six of this work, which involves the "affair of the eighty thousand trusses of hay."  Trinco and Madame Ceres are among the other figures appearing in the books devoted to "modern times," while the eighth and final book deals with the "endless history" of "future times."  In Book Two, Kraken and Orberosia fool the creatures of the village into thinking that Kraken is actually the Dragon of Alca, after though creatures were accidentally baptized in the first book by the blind Saint Mael.  FTP, name this satirical world history, a 1908 novel by Anatole France about some flightless waterfowl.;;Penguin Island|L'lle des Pengouins
;;The third chapter of this work offers a "sketch of a theory of knowledge based on the analysis of the idea of Disorder" and claims that "disorder" is itself an "oscillation of the intellect" between two kinds of order.  In the final chapter, the author describes knowledge as snapshots of passing reality, and labels this the "cinematographical mechanism of thought."  The second chapter describes instinct and intelligence as two diverging tendencies in the title concept, while the first chapter examines neo-Lamarckism and orthogenesis and claims that the title phenomenon is guided by a vital impulse, or elan vital. FTP, name this 1907 work which provides an alternative to Darwinism, the most famous work of Henri Bergson.;;Creative Evolution|() L'evolution creatice
;;In this play's first scene, one character notes that a woman is watering "once a day her chamber round / With eye-offending brine" to "season a brother's dead love."  Later, Fabian is excited about the chance to get revenge on a "rascally sheep-biter" who had caused him trouble over a bear-baiting.  In the final act, one character notes that the "whirligig of time brings in his revenges" before someone who has been falsely imprisoned promises to be "revenged on the whole pack of you," and the play ends with a song whose refrain is "For the rain it raineth every day."  The opening line "If music be the food of love, play on," is spoken by the Duke of Illyria, Orsino.  FTP, name this play featuring Sebastian and Viola.;;Twelfth Night
;;It was discovered in 1935, though the receptor for this hormone has not yet been identified. The action of this hormone is hypothesized to develop through the action of dwarf1, a G protein, dwarf2 and sleepy1, both F-box proteins, and PICKLE, a chromatin remodeling factor, leading to degradation of the DELLA proteins. Generally containing a four-ringed diterpenoid structure and synthesized in the apical meristem, one of its important function is to mobilize sugar from starch by induction of amylase in the aleurone layer, thus inducing seed germination. Differing from auxin in that it never inhibits growth, FTP, name this plant hormone which promotes stem and leaf growth.;;gibberellins
;;In the B minor brindisi in the first act, one character attempts to repeat the first theme in F-sharp minor to the words "del calice," but he is too drunk to remember them. Not long after that chorus, "Inaffia l'ugola," comes a love duet entitled "Gia nella notte densa," which concludes with the so-called bacio theme, which reappears twice in the opera's fourth and final act. The title character sings "Dio! Mi potevi scagliar," but a more famous aria is that sung by the main antagonist, "Credo in un Dio crudel." More famous is a pair of back-to-back arias for the lead soprano, the second an "Ave Maria" and the first usually referred to as "The Willow Song." With a libretto by Arrigo Boito, FTP, name this Verdi opera, a tragedy based on a Shakespeare play whose characters include Desdemona.;;Otello
;;He wrote several philosophical works, such as The Book of Secrets, which expound on the religious ideas he developed in his youth while traveling through India and the Islamic territories. He is better known for his poetry, however, which includes such works as "Intoxicated by the Wine of Love" and "Looking for Your Own Face."  Often cited as a chief inspiration by Rumi, his most famous work is an epic in which a Hoopoe instructs his fellow creatures with a series of allegorical fables until they reach the god-king Simurgh, who is revealed to be a mirror of themselves. FTP, name this 12th-century Sufi poet who took his pen name from his profession of herbalist and wrote The Conference of Birds.;;(Farid) (od(-)Din) Attar
;;British nuclear testing at Marlinga led most of the Spinifex Aborigines to abandon this region in the 1950s, while the town of Eucla sparked a hoax about a namesake nymph. Once an ancient seabed, it is now one of the world's largest examples of limestone karst geography. The Thylacoleo Caves here were the site of a major fossil discovery in January 2007, and Mundrabilla is home to many meteorite finds. Sprawling across Western Australian and Southern Australia, it is bordered on the north by the Great Victoria Desert and on the south by the Great Australian Bight. FTP, name this large, arid region of Australia, first crossed by Edward John Eyre in 1841 and notable for its lack of trees.;;Nullarbor Plain
;;One character in this work attempts to deduce what Hermann Grimm would think of Julius II's mistreatment of Michelangelo before reflecting on the machinations of Mrs. Rance. A scheme hatched at Cadogan Place moves the plot along, but the billiard room at Fawns is where Adam declares himself to have infallible taste in art. Divided into two books titled "The Prince" and "The Princess," the novel's central crisis occurs when Adam's wife has an affair with his daughter's husband after Fanny Assingham arranges the marriage of Prince Amerigo to Maggie Verver.  FTP, Charlotte Stant finds the cracked title object while shopping for a wedding present in what novel by Henry James?.;;(The) Golden Bowl
;;He defeated Charles Lindbergh's father in the primary to win a Senate seat from Minnesota, twelve years after Theodore Roosevelt read this man's newspaper editorial asserting that the General Paper Company was an illegal trust and appointed him U.S. attorney to prosecute the case. He later served as the lead solicitor against Union Pacific and Standard Oil and as ambassador to Britain from 1923 to 1925.  In his next position he succeeded Charles Evans Hughes, and while holding it he won a Nobel Prize. FTP, name this Secretary of State under Calvin Coolidge who won the support of sixty-two nations for an idealistic pact outlawing warfare, an agreement which is named for this man and French foreign minister Aristide Briand.;;(Frank) (Billings) Kellogg
;;75% of this molecule is in an alpha-helical secondary structure, and it exhibits a single hydrophobic cleft which contains an important metal prosthetic group as well as a histidine R group above the plane of its central ring. The first protein ever viewed in three dimensions by X-ray crystallography, it is common in the slow-twitch muscle fibers and is released into the bloodstream when a muscle is damaged, and thus a test for it can confirm muscle injury. The changing affinity for water in this molecule's reduced iron atom governs the changing color of meat. FTP, name this molecule, particularly common in the dark red tissues of diving mammals, which stores oxygen within cells rather than moving it through the blood like its counterpart, hemoglobin.;;myoglobin
;;One of the central characters in this work is a cotton merchant who has a resemblance to King Henry IV, while the main female character is said to have a crimson face and the tiniest of white teeth. Over dinner the stories of Judith and Holofernes and Lucrece and Sextus are offered as examples of self-sacrifice in which the "end justifies the means."  The clanging of the scabbard of a Prussian officer at Totes is the first sign of trouble for a group of travelers on a journey to Le Havre from Rouen. FTP, name this story which was adapted for film by John Ford as Stagecoach, a work by Guy de Maupassant centering on Elisabeth Rosset, the titular portly prostitute.;;Boule de Suif|Ball of Fat|Tub of Lard
;;One critic has argued that the essay "Embarrassment and Social Organization" places this student of W. Lloyd Warner in the Durkheimian school of ritualistic sociology. In one of his works he concluded that marketing reflects society's paternalistic subordination of women to men. In another he elucidated a tripartite classification of social devaluation: bodily, moral, and tribal. In a more noted series of works, he developed the theory of impression management and established the metaphor of sociology as theater, for which he tends to be pigeonholed as a symbolic interactionist. FTP, name this author of Gender Advertisements and Stigma, a sociologist best known for his The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.;;(Erving) Goffman
;;Twelve days following this event, its principal participants led a massacre at a granary; for the next ten years their skulls were displayed at that site. After capturing Valladolid, where its instigator had been kicked out of school, its instigator decided not to attack the capital with his army of 80,000 men. While its cause was a search of the home of Epigmenio Gonzalez in Queretaro, it is now commemorated in September as a day of independence. Though its exact text is not extant, it called for land redistribution and tribute to the Virgin of Guadalupe.  FTP, name this declaration calling for Mexican independence which was enunciated by Father Miguel Hidalgo at a church in the namesake town.;;Grito de Dolores|Cry of Dolores
;;A basketball team by this name won eighteen Liga and ACB titles from 1960 to 1977, thanks to such legendary players as Wally Szczerbiak's father, and was coached by George Karl immediately before Karl took the Sonics job. That team was also the last pre-NBA stop for Drazen Petrovic and Arvydas Sabonis. Another team by this name won five straight titles from 1986 to 1990 behind the play of the "vulture's cohort." Among this squad's current scoring leaders is Ruud van Nistelrooy, while its other stars include Mahamadou Diarra, Raul, and a player acquired from Manchester United in 2003.  FTP, David Beckham currently plays for what longtime rival of F.C. Barcelona?.;;Real Madrid
;;This effect can be used to fit the observed Stokes profiles of CaH transitions in sunspots while Schadee's theory of its molecular form was used to explain Stokes profiles. The Mueller matrix for intermediate Hund's cases can be used to calculate the impact of this effect which occurs when Russell-Saunders decoupling causes projections of orbital angular momentum to behave as if spin approaches zero. The net effect is that the number of spectral lines is reduced to three closely spaced doublets in the anomalous Zeeman Effect.  FTP, what is this physical phenomenon in which atomic energy levels split in a strong magnetic field, which is named for its two German discoverers?.;;Paschen(-)Back (effect)
;;A group of essays on "themes" from this book is collected in Crispin Wright's Rails to Infinity.  Near the beginning of this work, we are asked to imagine a builder and an assistant who can only communicate with the words "block," "pillar," "slab," and "beam."  The work opens with a passage from Augustine which provides an example of "ostensive definition," and introduces the metaphor of "family resemblances" and the concept of a "language game."  FTP, name this unfinished 1953 work which argues against the notion of a "private language," a work which contradicts much of the author's earlier Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.;;Philosophical Investigations|Philosophische Untersuchungen
;;Among Yahgan Indians of Tierra del Fuego, this creature was said to have slain the great stone giant who was invulnerable except on the soles of his feet, while in the eschatology of Northern California's Rumsen peoples, it steals light. In Hopi myth, two children make a paper replica of it that comes to life and returns with growing ears of corn. Among the Inca, it is the figure associated with the North. This creature is one of the forms taken by a certain god who rose fully-grown from his mother's womb to slay his sister and toss her head, which became the moon, into the sky. FTP, name this avian creature associated with the Aztec god of war, Huitzilopochtli [Wee-tsee-loh-poch'-tlee].;;Hummingbird
;;The first production of this work was set in Florence and featured characters with such names as Hesperida, Prospero, and Lorenzo di Pazzi, while the published version is set in the London suburb of Hogsden. A cloak inlaid with "russet lace" is seized by an aspiring falconer after the garment's owner flees a swordfight in this play, while a butler disguises himself as Fitz-Sword and Formal. Tib attempts to prove her fidelity to Cob and the Kiteleys turn on each other after the prospect of a duel between Matthew and Downright is fanned by Bobadill. Justice Clement settles the confusion, which began when Brainworm delivered Wellbred's letter to the younger Edward Knowell. FTP, name this play by Ben Jonson which was followed by a similarly-named sequel about being "out of" the title state.;;Every Man in His Humour
;;This area became autonomous under the Turkish pasha Ali Tepelene in the late 18th century, 500 years after it was ruled by Theodore Ducas as an independent "despotate." Alexander the Great's mother Olympias came from here, while a notable ruler of this state built the capital of Ambracia and negotiated an honest peace with Gaius Fabricius Luscinus. That king of this region ignored his advisor Cineas and came to the aid of Tarentum, leading to a defeat at Beneventum. Earlier, that king had won at Asculum and Heraclea but lost a third of his soldiers in the process, commenting that "another such victory would undo him."  FTP, name this area to the north of Greece which was ruled in antiquity by Pyrrhus.;;Epirus
;;The article that postulated it is the most cited article in the history of the American Chemical Society.  It is similar in transformational structure to one named for Beidler, and the Eadie-Hofstee representation compensates for its error structure.  Its y-intercept is constant with varying amounts of competitive inhibitor, but fluctuates with uncompetitive inhibitor variance.  Its slope, the ratio of a famous constant and the maximum velocity, increases by adding a mixed non-competitive inhibitor.  A mainstay of enzyme kinetics, FTP, identify this double reciprocal linear representation of the Michaelis-Menten equation.;;Lineweaver(-)Burk (plot)
;;In one of his operas, a woman says goodbye to her family and promises to "die of love and happiness" in the aria "Non vi turbate, no." In another of this man's operas, a group of women pretend to be the Furies in order to scare Lucas away from marrying Colette. In addition to The Drunkard Reformed, he wrote an opera which opens with the "Dance of the Blessed Spirits." With Raniere de Calzabigi, he wrote a manifesto on the "reform opera," and the pair put their principles into action with Il Trionfo di Clelia, Armide, and the story of a man retrieving his wife from the underworld. FTP, name this German composer of Alceste and Orfeo ed Euridice.;;(Christoph) (Willibald(,)) (Ritter) (von) Gluck
;;Recently scientists have used readings of over 1000 Gauss to reinterpret the heating mechanisms of this class of object. The Rossi Explorer captured a superburst of ash on the surface of one in 2004, while a pair of them with a 2.4-hour orbit was discovered by the CSIRO Parkes telescope. Their masses are upper-bounded by the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit. They undergo brief spin-up periods, or glitches, and their accretion of matter from a companion star can result in an equatorial bulge. A hot, rotating one was discovered by Giacconi in Centaurus and their release of gravitational binding energy powers supernovae. FTP, name these dense objects first postulated by Baade and Zwicky, whose rotating types are known as pulsars.;;neutron (star)
;;In this book, one character lists such "crimes" as spraying oneself with water in the manner of a bum and smiling like a coward. The protagonist is told to smash a cat against a log in front of a crowd of naked onlookers; later, "the chief" performs a dissection, foreshadowing the title character's fate. That character trains as a clothing-store manager but never gets the job, as he is given tea laced with sleeping pills and, by implication, murdered. Beginning with a thirteen-year-old boy watching his mother masturbate through a hole in the wall, it continues as Fusako takes Ryuji as a lover, first thrilling and then disappointing her son. FTP, name this Yukio Mishima novel in which Noboru grows angry at the nautical title character for acting unmanly and coming back to land.;;(The) Sailor Who Fell from Grace With the Sea|Gogo no Eiko
;;One side's battle plan called for cavalry under George Stoneman to raid the opponent's supply and communication lines.  However, the inability of Howard's troops to speak English and the refusal of one side's commander to turn control over to Darius Couch after being injured led to failure. Occurring at the intersection of the Orange Plank Road and Orange Turnpike, it saw Early man Marye's Heights to isolate Sedgwick. During this battle, Lee's outnumbered Army of Northern Virginia outmaneuvered Hooker's Army of the Potomac after the Union forces crossed the Rappahannock River.  FTP, name this 1863 Civil War battle in Virginia in which friendly fire led to the death of Stonewall Jackson.;;(Battle) (of) Chancellorsville
;;In the case of State vs. De Koenigswarer, it was ruled that the Delaware police had unlawfully detained this musician. He was thought to have played in Jerry Newman's recordings from New York's Minton's Playhouse, where he frequented cutting competitions. His contract with Prestige Records resulted in recordings with Sonny Rollins and Art Blakey such as "We See" and "Bensha Swing." His first recordings were with the Coleman Hawkins quartet, while his works with Blue Note were collected on Genius of Modern Music. He worked with Miles Davis on Bags' Groove, and he led a quartet including John Coltrane that performed at the Five Spot Cafe.  FTP, name this composer and jazz pianist known for bebop works like "Round Midnight.".;;(Thelonious) Monk
;;Its final section asserts that the Japanese government should be informed and makes specific reference to article 9 of the London Pact from the previous year. That article considered Anatolian promises made to Italy.  Winston Churchill's White Paper was needed to clarify seemingly contradictory terms in it, as well as other secret promises and agreements reached at St. Jean de Maurienne, San Remo, and Sevres. It did not directly consider any Hejazi lands, but did allocate the cities of Acre and Haifa to Great Britain and set much of the modern Iraqi-Syrian border.  FTP, name this agreement of 1916 which split the Middle East into spheres of influence, named for a British and a French diplomat.;;Sykes(-)Picot (Agreement)
;;One character in this work wonders what people would want with Newfoundland dogs and old dictionaries. Minor characters include the bald Frank Lubey, an astrology enthusiast who believes that everyone has their own star. Eventually it is revealed that Ann Deever's father was jailed for a crime committed by the central character. The halved apple tree in the backyard serves as a reminder of the protagonist's son, Larry, a soldier who knew the truth and killed himself with a plane manufactured using his father's faulty engines. FTP, name this drama that concludes with a self-inflicted gunshot to the head of Joe Keller, a work by Arthur Miller.;;All My Sons
;;This theory was first discovered when graduate students were attempting to verify Richard Solomon's "two process" theory. Further experiments were conducted with Hiroto, demonstrating the phenomenon across differing domains of action.  Its effects are moderated by how people explain events to themselves, either using a personal, permanent, or pervasive explanatory style. Altering one's explanatory style to overcome it is a focus of cognitive behavioral theory. First demonstrated in dogs that did not avoid an uncontrollable electric shock, this is, FTP, what condition in which people fail to take action to avoid discomfort, discovered by Martin Seligman?.;;learned helplessness
;;In one story by this author, the friendship between Ben and the daughter of author Henry Castlemain spells the end of Carmelita Hope's happiness.  "The Father's Daughter," along with "The Black Madonna," is collected in The Go-Away Bird and Other Stories. The addition to the Meadows Meade textile firm of the hunchback Dougal Douglas is the subject of The Ballad of Peckham Rye, while an anonymous caller telephones Dame Lettie Colston to tell her "Remember, you must die" in Memento Mori.  Better-known are novels about the May of Teck club and the headmistress of the Marcia Blaine School for Girls in Edinburgh.  FTP name this author of The Girls of Slender Means and The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie.;;(Muriel) Spark
;;One of his works depicts Father Magloire in a blue shirt and sandals walking down a sandy road.  He depicted a series of kayaks near the location of his family property at Yerres, though his later work centered on Paris, where he created a number of paintings of snowy rooftops.  Near his death he focused primarily on his garden, painting Dahlias, the Garden at Petit-Gennevilliers, while his early work includes painting urban toil as in The Housepainters and The Floor-Scrapers. His best known piece, which is at the Art Institute of Chicago, depicts a number of his impressionist friends and numerous folks carrying umbrellas. FTP, name this artist of Paris Street, Rainy Day.;;(Gustave) Caillebotte
;;His friend William Van Ness published an "Examination" of some charges against him under the pseudonym of Aristides.  While in Philadelphia he met secretly with Anthony Merry, whose superiors refused this man's proposals.  After taking a partial interest in the Bastrop grant on the Washita River, he received support from Harman Blennerhassatt.  He was defended by Luther Martin when he was put on trial in Richmond, but John Marshall ruled that only an overt act would constitute the "levying" of war mentioned in the Constitution.  FTP, name this vice president under Thomas Jefferson who was tried for treason and who fought a duel with Alexander Hamilton.;;(Aaron) Burr
;;Both the charged residue model and the ion evaporation model are two competing theories that explain this technique, which has been used in colloid thrusters to control satellites, and to study noncovalent gas phase interactions, in addition to its best-known usage.  The substance to be analyzed is ejected from a 10 micrometer capillary, where it forms a Taylor cone.  Coulombic fission breaks up the resulting droplets, forming the target lone ions.  Used to isolate ions for mass spectroscopy, FTP, identify this technique that earned John B. Fenn a share of the 2002 Nobel Prize in chemistry.;;electrospray (ionization)
;;This work is mentioned and parodied just before the housemaid Dolly delivers a handjob in Tristram Shandy. In the chapter "Of Particles," the author points out the problems of defining the word "but," and elsewhere he claims that the signification of words is "perfectly arbitrary." The chapter "Of Identity and Diversity" hypothesizes a prince whose soul enters the body of a cobbler, while the author argues that ideas discovered through reason cannot be innate in the first book. The second book, "Of Ideas," begins by asking how the mind comes to be furnished, and features the distinction between primary and secondary qualities.  FTP, name this epistemological work by John Locke.;;(An) Essay Concerning Human Understanding
;;In Paul Verlaine's "Parisian Nocturne," this river is described "in trappings that are royal," while a Baudelaire poem sees it pouring "into chasms made of diamonds." It is described as the sister of the Mississippi in Jean Toomer's "Blue Meridian." In "The Open Window," Vera tells a story in which Mr. Nuttel is frightened by dogs on its banks, while it appears "sunken" just before the Thunder's speech in The Waste Land.  The title woman is told that she would find rubies by its side in "To His Coy Mistress." FTP, name this waterway which represents Asia in Bernini's Fountain of the Four Rivers, a river which flows through New Delhi and empties into the Gulf of Bengal.;;Ganges (River)
;;Commemoration of this battle falls annually on the "Day of the Vow," which since the 1990s has been known as "reconciliation day."  Fought on the banks of a tributary of the Buffalo, it was precipitated by the one of the participant's forces smashing women and babies against rocks during an earlier engagement at Bloukrans.  During this battle the victors organized covered wagons into a fortified circle known as a "laager," and an assegai hit Andries Pretorius in the hand, which was one of three wounds inflicted on the 474 defenders by the 15,000-man Zulu army.  FTP, name this engagement which saw the defeat of Dingane, a major turning point for the Voortrekkers in the Zulu war.;;(Battle) (of) Blood River
;;One mechanism explaining their formation is the "hot tower" hypothesis of Simpson and Riehl. Kerry Cook of Cornell has famously used GCM simulations to show how they are affected by continental surfaces. In the southern Pacific their theory must be modified due to the Walker circulation between the waters of South America and Australia. They draw warm, moist air into the intertropical convergence zone and follow the "thermal equator" of highest temperature. Meeting the Ferrel cells at the horse latitudes, FTP, identify these patterns of wind circulation that lie in the equatorial latitudes and explain the trade winds, named for an English lawyer.;;Hadley cells
;;Act Three of this opera features the recitative "Sventurata," in which a servant mourns the blood shed in his city. In the aria "Zeffiretti lusinghieri," one character hopes that the wind will carry her songs of love, while another character claims that Alecto's torch brings her death in the aria "D'Oreste, d'Aiace." The servant Arbace creates trouble by suggesting one character be sent in secret to Argos. Meanwhile, the recently-exiled daughter of Priam, Ilia, competes with the unstable Electra for the affections of the title character's son, while the title character incurs the wrath of Neptune for his refusal to sacrifice Idamante. FTP, name this opera by Mozart named for a king of Crete.;;Idomeneo(,) (re) (di) (Creta)
;;A slander contest provides the only mention of this figure's tryst with Loki, who also claims to have killed her father.  She was reluctantly amused by Loki's story of tying his testicles to the beard of a goat, and it was this figure who later hung a venomous snake over Loki's head while he was imprisoned in a cave.  One story has her marrying Odin and being the mother of Saemling, a legendary patriarch of a clan of Jarls. Her marriage was bound to fail as she was unwillingly paired with the master of Noatun after she mistook his feet for Balder's. FTP, name this stepmother of Freyr and Freyja, a goddess of snow-shoes who was the unhappy wife of Njord.;;Skadi
;;The importance of this substance in disease is shown in Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, in which a  mutation in the VHL gene eliminates its ability to attach this substance to HIF-1 alpha, leading to cancer. VHL possesses a RING domain, which is required for attachment of this substance to its targets.   Consisting of 76 amino acids, it modifies its protein substrates at lysine residues, and is mediated by the enzymatic action of three ligases E1 through E3.  FTP, name this small protein whose primary function is to tag proteins. marking them for destruction by the proteasome, which is named for its presence in all eukaryotic cells.;;ubiquitin
;;At one point in this work, a character goes to Shell-heap Island to visit the grave of Joanna, who lived in isolation after her fiance deserted her.  Its author wrote four additions to this work, including "The Queen's Twin," "The Foreigner," and another which introduces Esther Hight. One of the more famous sections concerns a journey to the North Pole by the reclusive Captain Littlepage, which is followed by the narrator's visit to Green Island, where she meets Mrs. Blackett. As the volume opens, the narrator leaves Boston for the coastal town of Dunnett Landing, where she befriends the widowed herbalist Almira Todd. FTP, name this series of sketches published in 1896 by Sarah Orne Jewett.;;(The) Country of the Pointed Firs
;;When one member of this gathering cited the example of Charles I, another quipped that "he lost his head," to the dismay of Robert Hunter.  Major Thomas Eckert, the head of the Telegraph Office, was sent out to meet one party at City Point before it took place.  It was inspired by Francis Blair's plan to launch an attack against the French, a scheme which was supposed to help create a "continental regulator." The proposal included a refusal to recognize future treaties and an offer of $400 million to a certain group. This meeting took place aboard the "River Queen," where Alexander Stephens was forced to refuse a proposal of emancipation and reunion, since he was only authorized to accept independence. FTP, name this February 1865 peace conference meant to end the Civil War.;;Hampton Roads (Peace) (Conference)
;;This man wrote four piano concertos, two of which are subtitled "Youth" and "Prague." Other works include his "Requiem" Symphony, as well as the operas In the Magic Forest and Into the Fire. He also created incidental music to Romeo and Juliet, while a "Little Lyrical Scene" appears in his suite The Comedians. One of his operas concerns the Nazi invasion of Moscow, while in another the title character sculpts a Duke mounted on a donkey. He composed 24 preludes based on songs by Rimsky-Korsakov, and also edited the Sovietskaya Muzika, winning two Stalin Prizes for his work.  FTP, name this Soviet composer and proponent of socialist realism, best known for his operas The Taras Family and Colas Breugnon.;;(Dmitri) (Borisovich) Kabalevsky
;;One character by this name is the fiancee of the recently deceased La Vela in Luigi Pirandello's Each in His Own Way, and this is the name of the Colonel's mummified wife in The Ghost Sonata.  In response to Samuel Richardson's Sir Charles Grandison Henry Fielding wrote a novel about a woman with this name, which also identifies Miss Evans, the owner of Carson McCullers' "Sad Cafe."  In an opera by Gian Carlo Menotti, a woman of this name "Goes to the Ball."  FTP give this name, also belonging to a woman loved by William Dobbin and befriended by Becky Sharp in Vanity Fair.;;Amelia
;;This man's mistresses included Marion Boyd and Margaret Drummond, who may have been poisoned in a conspiracy.  After coming to the throne upon his father's death at the Battle of Sauchieburn, he chartered a College of Surgeons in his capital city and abolished the Lordship of the Isles, then held by John III.  He supported an invasion on behalf of the pretender Perkin Warbeck, but later signed the Treaty of Perpetual Peace and married Margaret Tudor. However, his country's involvement in the War of the Holy League led to his defeat at the hands of his brother-in-law, Henry VIII.  FTP, name this Scottish king who was killed in 1513 at the Battle of Flodden Field.;;James IV (of) (Scotland)
;;In one of this author's works, Shozo eschews the love of two women and devotes himself to his cat Lily.  In another of his stories, a woman pretends to be a Buddhist saint to pose for an artist, while in another, a woman drastically changes after getting the tattoo of a spider.  In another of his works a young engineer is obsessed with the title character, Naomi, while a later novel features a protagonist who dies from a stroke after sexual arousal.  In his most famous books, Kaname chooses a geisha-like mistress over his wife Misako, and a group of four women try to find a husband for Yukiko. FTP, name this Japanese author of Some Prefer Nettles and The Makioka Sisters.;;(Junichiro) Tanizaki
;;Originally a freemason, he joined The League and gained his first political appointment after the passage of the Maura statute. After seizing power from his predecessor at the Tejeros Convention he and his 34 followers bargained for an escape.  His followers killed potential rival General Antonio Luna to insure that he would lead them into such battles as the one at Tirad Pass. Accompanied by his right hand man Apolinario Mabini he presented a new Constitution in the town of Malolos in 1898, but soon ran afoul of American forces and was captured by Frederick Funston. FTP, name this Filipino revolutionary leader.;;(Emilio) Aguinaldo
;;The Tischenko reaction is one of its variants, in which use of an alkoxide instead of hydroxide as the catalyst results in the formation of an ester.  In the "crossed" variety of this reaction, excess formaldehyde is used to increase the yield of one of the products.  This reaction involves an initial nucleophilic addition by a hydroxide group, resulting in its namesake tetrahedral intermediate, which then reacts with another molecule of reactant in a disproportionation step.  FTP, name this reaction whereby carboxylic acids and alcohols are formed from aldehydes, which is named for an Italian chemist.;;Cannizzaro (reaction)
;;One figure that can be discerned in the lower left of this work wears a black and green top hat, while a mostly red figure at the front and center carries a black sword and wears a yellow pointy hat.  It depicts social reformer Emile Littre as a bishop. On the right, a clown in green and red stands on top of a green platform. They overlook a throng of people, some of whom hold signs, including one saying "Doctrinaire fanfares always succeed." Originally rejected by The Twenty, a group its creator helped found, a prominent banner at the top reads "Vive La Sociale," under which the title figure can barely be seen on top of a donkey. FTP, name this work depicting Jesus coming into the titular Belgian city, a work of James Ensor.;;Christ's Entry into Brussels|Entry of Christ into Brussels (in) (1889)
;;He concluded that "Love's wings are over fleet / And like the panther's feet  / The feet of love" at the end of his "Fragoletta."  He wrote about a wind which blows "out of the golden remote wild west where the sea without shore is" at the beginning of his "Hesperia," while he wrote "I am tired of tears and laughter / And men that laugh and weep" in a poem set "where the world is quiet."  He wrote about a "mystic and sombre" "Lady of Pain" in his "Dolores," which appears in his Poems and Ballads.  FTP, name this Victorian poet who in 1865 published a verse drama about a figure from Greek myth, Atalanta in Calydon.;;(Algernon) (Charles) Swinburne
;;A digression in this work notes how the title figure's companions split in two groups when he turns so they always stay behind him, while the central figure discusses how the Spartans are in fact secret philosophers. It begins with Socrates stating that he has found someone more attractive than Alcibiades. Callias prevents Socrates from leaving after he becomes upset that his opponent talks too long, which leads to a discussion of a poem of Simonides. The final section includes a discussion of courage, in which Socrates reverses his position that virtue cannot be taught. FTP, name this dialogue in which Socrates speaks with the title sophist, who is known for saying that "Man is the measure of all things.".;;Protagoras
;;It manifests when the two partial 3d bands of opposite spin are shifted by exchange interactions, but only when the band width is comparable to the displacement.  It is favored when the ratio of half the nuclear separation to the 3d radius is greater than 1.5, though Heusler alloys with manganese also exhibit this as an exception to the rule.  Found when the difference in energy between magnetized and unmagnetized states is near a 10th of an electron volt, it is characterized by domain structure and irreversibility upon magnetic field application known as the hysteresis effect.  FTP name this condition below the Curie point, the basis for permanent magnets like iron.;;Ferromagnetism
;;In one episode of this show, Dorothy, the mother of the main character, got married on the anniversary of her former husband's suicide. One storyline focused on the death of a cheerleader, which was covered by Willa, while another centered on the sexual exploits and blackmailing of Prince Tyrese, played by former Laker Rick Fox.  After Kira Klay killed herself, Holt flipped his car and injured Julia, who turned to drugs while he became a big action star.  FTP name this TV show featuring the schizophrenic photographer Don and Lucy Spiller, a program on FX in which the central magazine editor is played by Courtney Cox.;;Dirt
;;The wife of a man visited by this figure bakes seven loaves of bread to prove that this figure slept for seven days instead of staying awake.  Later, he obtains a very special herb but leaves it to be eaten by a snake.  Earlier, he had won a major victory in the Cedar Forest, though his triumph brought about the death of a friend of his who had been acculturated by a prostitute named Shamhat.  Because he killed both the Bull of Heaven and Humbaba, his friend had to die.  FTP, name this pal of Enkidu, a king of Uruk who figures in a Mesopotamian epic.;;Gilgamesh
;;This work is discussed in the second essay of Kenneth Burke's The Rhetoric of Religion, which refers to John Bowlby's research on infants to analyze the use of the word "inhaerere" in it.  In Book 5, the author describes the nine years he spent waiting for the arrival of a man named Faustus, only to be disappointed by Faustus' ignorance when he appeared.  In Book 8 Simplicianus tells the story of the conversion of Victorinus, while Ponticianus introduces the author to Athanasius' The Life of Antony.  Other books discuss the problem of how one can remember forgetfulness and introduce the author's son Adeodatus.  FTP, name this work which describes the death of the author's mother Monica and his education under Saint Ambrose, an autobiographical work by Saint Augustine.;;Confessions (of) (St(.)) (Augustine)
;;In Chomsky's review of this book, he criticizes the author's definition of the phrase  "You should read David Copperfield."  The book argues that individuals are exposed to cultural contingencies and also help to maintain them, in its chapter on "the evolution of a culture."  It claims that the autonomous person is a myth and that environmental control has become the province of science. Criticizing the titular concepts as empty constructs, the author provides evidence from his Technology of Teaching.  Arguing that bad people do bad things because they get rewarded for them, it suggests that social engineering can extinguish the bad by rewarding the good. FTP, name this follow-up to Walden II, a work by B. F. Skinner.;;Beyond Freedom and Dignity
;;In the chiral bag model of nucleons, this effect explains the origin of non-zero expectation values for fermion bilinears, and it has been proposed as a possible explanation for sonoluminescence.  It has been measured to within 1% of its theoretical value using a polystyrene sphere attached to the tip of an atomic force microscope.  Its namesake originally proposed it after investigating van der Waals forces in colloidal solutions, when he noted that fluctuations in the second-quantized electromagnetic field could explain the interaction between two neutral particles. FTP name this effect that describes the attractive force between two uncharged conducting plates in a vacuum, which is named for a Dutch physicist.;;Casimir (effect)|(force)
;;He succeeded his teacher Robin Mallapert in an important position after a religious figure from his hometown, Cardinal Giovanni Maria del Monte, became pope.  Along with Annibale Zoilo, this man was commissioned to correct the chant books issued by the Council of Trent, which his son Iginio had completed after his death. He replaced Orlando de Lassus at St. John Lateran,  and he served in the Pontifical Choir despite having a poor tenor voice until Pope Paul IV expelled its married members. FTP name this composer of 104 masses, including Missa Assumpta est Maria and Missa papae Marcelli, whose works became textbook examples of Renaissance counterpoint.;;(Giovanni) (Pierluigi) (da) Palestrina
;;They include Bamapana, who committed incest, and Yurugu, who fights with his twin Nommo. Others, such as the Saci, live in the forests and are rarely seen by humans, while solitary ones like Olifat, who equipped sharks with their teeth, search for immortality. Another example, the Kumiho, has nine tails and takes the place of the bride at weddings; he can only be discovered after its clothes are taken off. Another of these figures is eventually foiled by the wax girl and reprimanded by his father Nyame. The best known descriptions of their activities occur in the tales of Native Americans who describe them in such animal forms as Hare, Raven, and Coyote. FTP, give the general term for these mythological figures who use cunning to evade responsibility and prank others.;;trickster (gods)|(figures)|(deities)
;;Several of its proteins contain a unique 36 amino acid sequence known as SXC domains.  It can enter a dauer stage when stressed during development, whereas normally an anchor cell uses the LIN-3 growth factor to direct the formation of its vulva.  The 2006 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology was awarded for work on RNA interference in it, and Sydney Brenner is famous for using it to study apoptosis, which it uses to eliminate 131 cells on its way to a total of 959 somatic cells, each with a known lineage.  Useful because of its transparency and developmental invariability, FTP, name this first multi-cellular animal to have its genome sequenced, a nematode often used as a model organism in biological research.;;Caenorhabditis elegans
;;His legate Corelius Palma annexed the Nabataean kingdom in preparation for his campaign to reinstate the king of Armenia, during which he took Bostra and named it for himself.  He took only half the money given upon accession of new emperors and established the alimenta funds for poor children.  He captured Sarmizegethusa, which led to the suicide of Decebalus, and made his cousin his successor because he had no children with his wife Plotina.  Letters to Pliny the Younger reveal the ambitions of this optimus princeps who conquered Dacia and Parthia.  FTP name this emperor who was succeeded by Hadrian, best known for commissioning his namesake column.;;(Marcus) (Ulpius) Trajanus|(Caesar) (Filius) (Nerva) Trajanus (Optimus) (Augustus)
;;At one point in this work, the narrator sees several drops of a "ruby-colored fluid" fall into a goblet after hearing a "gentle foot-fall upon the carpet." The narrator tries to remember the beauty of the eyes of the title character, whom he met earlier in Germany. First published in American Museum Magazine, its protagonist moves to England, but not before his dying wife recites the poem "The Conqueror Worm." When his second wife, who hails from Tremaine, dies suddenly, the narrator makes an eerie discovery.  FTP, name this Edgar Allen Poe story in which the dead body of Lady Rowena transforms into that of the title character, the narrator's first wife and true love.;;Ligeia
;;According to Plutarch, this man appeared in full armor at the Battle of Tanagra ready to fight for Athens but was not allowed to take part. He died while besieging Citium, and his place as main leader of the aristocratic opposition was taken by Thucydides, son of Melesias. The Spartans decided to send the Athenians home, which hurt this man's prestige and led to his ostracism in 461, which was revoked early, perhaps due to negotiations between Pericles and this man's sister Elpinice [ell-PINN-uh-see]. He worked to expel King Pausanias of Sparta from Byzantium and became the main commander of the Delian League after 478. FTP, name this man who crushed the Persians at sea at the Eurymedon about 25 years after they were beaten on land at Marathon by his father Miltiades.;;Cimon(,) (son) (of) (Miltiades)
;;A 2005 paper by van Milligen asserted that the Fokker-Planck law should be used over this law in inhomogeneous systems.  Its coefficient, dependent on temperature, fluid viscosity, and particle size, can be determined via the Stokes-Einstein relation.  Generalized by the Onsager reciprocal relations, the second one describes changes in volume over time, while the first one describes steady-state volumes.  FTP, identify this set of laws named after a German scientist which describe the process of diffusion.;;Fick's (laws)
;;He adapted Joseph Blackburn's portrait d'apparat method for his works depicting a fat-looking woman with a blue book in Mrs. James Russell, Katherine Graves, an old elegant lady with a hint of a mustache in Mrs. Thomas Boylston, and a red-coated Samuel Adams. Influenced by John Smibert, his later historical works include The Death of the Earl of Chatham and The Death of Major Peirson.  His The Boy with a Squirrel got him noticed, and he also painted a famous portrait of Paul Revere at his silver shop. FTP, name this American artist who depicted a dangerous incident occurring in Havana harbor in his Watson and the Shark.;;(John) (Singleton) Copley
;;This king carried on a scandalous affair with the actress Maria Calderona. He made Luis de Haro his chief minister after the expulsion of the man who ran his government for much of his life, Caspar de Guzman. He began the construction of the Buen Retiro palace, which featured the Hall of Realms, which led to this ruler's designation as the "Planet King." The brother of Anne of Austria, he married Elizabeth of Bourbon, the daughter of Henry IV, and his children included the first wife of Louis XIV, Maria Theresa. FTP, name this ruler who was succeeded by Charles II after ruling as the king of Spain from 1621 to 1655.;;Philip IV (of) (Spain)|Philip III of Portugal
;;It is a fundamental constituent in the processes that produce the breast cancer drug Tamoxifen and the anti-inflammatory Naproxen.  Reactions involving it are governed by the Schlenk equilibrium, and these reactions often take place in diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran.  The addition of mercuric chloride amalgamates can help to speed up the normally sluggish reactions that form these compounds, which involve adding an alkyl or aryl halide to magnesium.  FTP, identify this reagent used in a namesake organometallic reaction to form carbon-carbon bonds, which is named after a French chemist.;;Grignard (reagent)
;;He developed the idea of Hebbian learning independently of Hebb and published his model of the brain in the 1952 work The Sensory Order. Around the same time he opposed excessive reductionism in social science in The Counter-Revolution of Science. He came to eschew explanations of business cycles based on changes in interest rates, and his 1939 book Profits, Interests, and Investments contrasts with earlier work in the Austrian vein like The Pure Theory of Capital. He distanced himself from some of his disciples in Why I am Not a Conservative, which was published as an appendix to The Constitution of Liberty. FTP, name this economist, who argued that collectivism leads to tyranny in The Road to Serfdom.;;(Friedrich) Hayek
;;The attendees at this event included satirist Joseph Hall and Simon Episcopius, who acted as a spokesman for one party. It resulted in a version of the Bible known as the Translation of the States, a version of which remains in the Arquebusiers Armory where this conference was held. Moderated by Bogerman, it set forth the doctrines of perseverance of saints, irresistible grace, total depravity, limited atonement, and unconditional election. These became known as its canons and refuted the five articles of the Remonstrance of 1610, which was drafted by the followers of Arminius. FTP, name this 1618 meeting of Reformed churches in the Netherlands, a synod named for a Dutch town.;;(Synod) (of) Dort|Dordt|Dordrecht
;;In section six of this work, one of the main characters recites a verse from Carolyn Norton's "Bingen on the Rhine." In a previous section one of the characters asks another what type of pie he likes best, in an attempt to assuage his hunger. For a brief moment there is excitement when a man waves his coat, but he is soon swallowed up by the murk as a lighthouse also disappears. First published in Scribner's in 1897, it is based on the author's experience after the steamer Commodore went down.  It features four men-a captain, a cook, a reporter, and an oiler-who try to guide the title object to shore.  FTP, name this short story about a shipwreck by Stephen Crane.;;(The) Open Boat
;;The first skirmish in them was fought on Mount Scorobas, and was followed by battles at Orchomenos and Chaeronea, both defeats for the general Archelaus.  The second of them saw Lucius Murena take over the armies of Flavius Fimbria, after the first of these contests had been ended by the Treaty of Dardanus. The third saw an alliance with Tigranes the Great and battles at Cyzicus and Lycus.  That conflict involved a commander named Lucius Lucullus, who was replaced by Pompey.  FTP, name this series of three wars against the Romans beginning around 90 B.C., named for the King of Pontus who instigated them.;;Mithridatic (Wars)|(wars) (of) Mithridates (VI(,)) (I) (suppose)
;;The first recorded discovery of one was made by Pastor David Hermann in Germany in 1706, but they were later described by Hentzen and Barrows. The groundwater table puts a downward limit on their formation, and they generally come in two types; the most rare is the rock variety which are almost exclusively found on mountain peaks. One composed of staurolite, ilmenite, and rutile was discovered at Camp Blanding, and African ones often contain Lechatelier-ite. Their formation requires a dry dielectric overlying a more conducting soil layer, and their interior may feature blister-like bubbles and roots, while their exterior is usually composed of coarse sand particles. FTP, name these rare geological formations, hollow glass tubes created by the super-heating of sand when it is struck by lightning.;;fulgurites|fulqurites
;;The construction of this building was documented by the black and white photographs of Max Dupain. Two large murals were commissioned for it, one by Michael Jagamara and the "Salute to Five Bells" by John Olsen. A section of it is known as the Wobbly Land for its U-shaped timber paneling. Architectural breakthroughs included the use of telescoping erection arches to avoid scaffolding and epoxy resin to bond rib segments. When Jorn Utzon resigned as the main architect, its construction was thrown into controversy. FTP, name this building on Bennelong Point, a performing arts venue in Australia noted for its distinctive roof.;;Sydney Opera House
;;In the third act of this work, one character asks "Am I the bosom Snake, that sucks thy warm Life-Blood, and gnaws thy heart?" A captain of the guards named Perez escorts various people, one of whom laments the loss of his friend Heli, though they soon meet in prison. Garcia is the noble son of Gonsalez and Leonora is the faithful servant of the main character, a daughter of King Manuel of Granada named Almeria, who is contrasted with the captive queen Zara. This work notably asserts that "heaven has no rage like love to hatred turned, nor Hell a fury like a woman scorned," and its opening line claims that "musick has charms to soothe a savage breast." FTP, name this 1697 work, the lone tragedy of William Congreve.;;(The) Mourning Bride
;;Although this mythological figure falls victim to the spell of the Golden Bowl, another story describes this deity using a magic bag to escape from an unwanted marriage. That feat allowed her to marry her first consort, a man who would later punish her by sending her to the court of Arberth. Described as the "Mistress of Birds," she left her father, Heyfed the Old, and had an adventure that ended with King Teyrnon discovering and adopting her missing son. Often cited as the Welsh manifestation of the Gaulish Epona, FTP, identify this Celtic goddess, the wife of Pwyll and mother of Pryderi, who made her first appearance dressed in gold and riding a white steed.;;Rhiannon
;;Off the eastern coast of this nation is the barren island of Masirah, and just inland is the Oryx Sanctuary, a scenic biological preserve. The south is indented by Kuria Muria Bay and the north sees the Al Hajar Mountains, but its northernmost point is the Musandam Peninsula, which is separated from the rest of the nation and off-limits to tourists for military reasons. Its major cities include Suhar, Nizwa, and Mirbat. Its namesake gulf extends from the Strait of Hormuz to the Arabian Sea.  FTP, name this nation whose capital is Muscat, a country surrounded by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.;;Oman
;;Stimulation of cells to produce this hormone is a long process when compared to others due to its dependence on cyclic AMP for stimulation of transcription. When at extremely high levels, it causes a syndrome of diabetes, gallstones, and inhibited stomach acid secretion. Modificatons in synthetic forms of this hormone include an ethylene bridge to replace a disulfide bridge, and is used in patients with carcinoid syndrome and acromegaly. Present in two forms - one with 14 amino acids and another with 28, the longer form is secreted by the pancreas where it inhibits glucagon and insulin. FTP, name this hormone whose shorter form is primarily produced in the anterior hypothalamus and carried to the anterior pituitary where it inhibits the release of growth hormone.;;somatostatin|somatotropin release(-)inhibiting hormone
;;This composer ventured into comic opera with Le Filibustier, based on a Jean Richepin play, which premiered under the title By the Sea.  His first numbered opus, which was dedicated to his wife Malvina Bamberg, was a piano duet based on letters in her name, while his opus 50, "Kaleidoscope," features the "Orientale." He wrote several works on military fortifications, but he is better known for a three-act opera based on a tragedy by Heinrich Heine, William Ratcliff, and his opera The Prisoner of the Caucasus, one of several of his works based on Pushkin.  FTP, name this Russian composer regarded as the most minor member of The Five.;;(Cesar) (Antonovich) Cui
;;George Bradley's collection The Fire Fetched Down contains one of these written for Douglas Crase.  The first "digression" in this work concludes that man's labor is integral to realizing the will of the gods, while later the poet talks of love in terms of lust and reproduction. Perhaps based on a work by Nicander of Colophon, commentators have focused on the passages referred to as the "Praises of Italy" and the closing epyllions to this work, which discuss the nymph Cyrene and the myth of Aristaeus as well as the tale of Orpheus and Eurydice. Written in honor of its author's patron Maecenas, the fourth and final book concerns beekeeping. FTP, name this didactic poem by Virgil ostensibly about agriculture.;;Georgics
;;This man, who was given the Indian name "Horse Chief of the Long Knives," fought alongside Captain Archibald Gillespie against Andres Pico at the Battle of San Pasquale. Named commander of the Army of the West by President Polk, he promulgated a famous "code" stabilizing conditions in New Mexico and granting equal citizenship to Californios. He quarreled with Robert Stockton and had John C. Fremont arrested after establishing himself as governor and commander-in-chief of California. FTP, name this cavalry commander of the Mexican War, an uncle of the Civil War general Philip and the namesake of two forts in Nebraska.;;(Stephen) (Watts) Kearny
;;This physical law may be used to modify the Freedman-Clauser experiments, and can be extended from its usual application to quantum spin systems. One form results in an equation with a term proportional to one-half times the speed of light times the permittivity of free space times the magnitude of electric field squared. Alternately, this equation may be set equal to the cosine-squared of the angle between the polarization direction of light and the transmission axis of the polarizer. FTP, name this law of optics which gives the intensity of light transmitted when a polarizer is placed in front of an incident beam.;;Malus's (Law)
;;This author writes of a man who needs to visit his sick mother but is prevented by silly obstacles in "The Face and the Image," and tells of a desperately hungry man charged with delivering the letters of a doctor before the post office closes in "A Whole Loaf," which are contained in his Twenty-One Stories. The author of the collection At the Handles of the Lock and the novel A Guest for the Night, one of his more famous novels concerns a man berated by his wife Frummet who at last discovers treasure after seeking dowry to marry off his daughters. FTP, name this author of the novels Yesteryear and The Bridal Canopy, a Nobel winner with Nelly Sachs and a major figure of 20th-century Hebrew literature.;;(Shmuel) (Yosef) Agnon
;;In one episode, a character debates whether he slept with Bobbi Bernstein at a hotel in Spain and fears that something bad will happen, like in the Three Dog Night song "Eli's Coming."  In the last episode, Calvin Trager, the owner of Quo Vadimus, buys out Continental Corp and utters a line about getting out of the money-making business, a clear jab at the unjust cancellation of this show. Dana rushes back and informs the gang, after which Jeremy and Natalie go about their business. Briefly re-aired on Comedy Central, it was called the "best sitcom of the '90s" by two of its stars, Peter Krause and Felicity Huffman. FTP, name this Aaron Sorkin show on ABC about a TV program devoted to athletics.;;Sports Night
;;This battle saw the implementation of the horseshoe formation directed by the French strategist Letellieu, and commanders involved in it include Login Geiden, who was left with a small squadron when Senyavin departed for the Baltic. He fought alongside Henri de Rigny and Sir Edward Codrington, who won his final major victory here. It occurred about six months after the signing of the secret Treaty of London.  After it, the losing force had its fortresses in the Morea seized, thus completing the defeat of Ibrahim Pasha and Mahmud II.  FTP, name this 1827 battle in the Greek War for Independence, a naval defeat for the Ottomans at the namesake bay.;;(Battle) (of) Navarino
;;The autobiography of Frederick Locker Lampson is discussed in the second chapter of this work, "Circumscription of the Topic," which also contrasts the Stoicism of Marcus Aurelius with an anonymous 14th-century German work.  The concept of  "heterogenous personality" is discussed in a section on "The Divided Self," which precedes a discussion of the views of Edwin Starbuck and James Leuba, who quibbled with the author over this work's concepts of "mysticism" and "conversion."  Consisting of twenty lectures delivered as the author's Gifford Lectures, FTP, name this 1902 text by William James which is a "description of man's religious constitution.".;;(The) Varieties of Religious Experience
;;The chapters of this novel are separated by the enigmatic quotations of Reverend Henry Callaway. After the main character is forced to ride coach on a plane and the hand of a teenage girl brushes against his thigh, he fondles her at length for the rest of the flight. The book ends with a procession to rebury an unknown dead  man found in a field, with whom Solomon identifies after being beaten. Other characters include Bismillah, who is part of a family of Indian shopkeepers, and Jacobus, a crafty black overseer, but the main focus is on Mehring, a wealthy farm owner with a sense of racial superiority. FTP, name this novel by Nadine Gordimer whose title suggests a figure who loves the environment.;;(The) Conservationist
;;In one of his works, the blacksmith Vakula asks to marry Oksana after being whipped by Choub.  In addition to "The Night Before Christmas," he wrote about the decision of Petro and Ivan to capture a pasha for King Stepan in "The Terrible Vengeance."  In a play by this man, Zhevakin and Omelet pursue the central female character, Agafya Tikhonovna.  In addition to Marriage, he wrote such stories as "Viy" and "Old World Landowners," while he gained fame for a book introduced by the fictional beekeeper Rusty Panko, Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka.  Also the author of "Nevsky Prospect" and "The Diary of a Madman," FTP, name this Russian author of "The Nose" and Dead Souls.;;(Nikolai) Gogol
;;Ranulph Flambard served as his treasurer and kept several bishoprics open so revenue would flow into royal coffers, which earned this monarch the animosity of the clerical keepers of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. His reign saw a major campaign against Robert of Mowbray, though he had to curtail it when he learned that Montgomery had been captured by the Welsh.  A revolt against him was led by a group of nobles which included Geoffrey of Coutances and Robert of Mortain, who wanted to place his brother Robert Curthose on the throne. Walter Tirel killed him in a forest near Winchester in a purported hunting accident in 1100. FTP name this English monarch who succeeded William the Conqueror.;;William II|William Rufus
;;In three dimensions, one type of this phenomenon can be derived from applying two Lorentz transformations whose velocities point in opposite directions.  In general, that phenomenon accounts for the difference between a naive estimate and the true spin-orbit Hamiltonian.  Another type is utilized by NMR.  In classical mechanics, its period is defined as 4 pi-squared times an object's moment of inertia, all divided by its torque times the period about a certain axis, while planetary orbits may undergo apsidal or perihelion types.  Geometric, Thomas, and gyroscopic are also different types of, FTP, what phenomenon, the change in direction of an object's axis of gyration?.;;precession
;;He told the story of Kaspar, Melchior and Baltazar in the poem "The Three Wise Kings."  His most important early work includes such sonnets as "The Song of Gold" and "In Search of Pictures," but centers around the a suite of four poems called "The Lyrical Year." Though works like "The Motives of the Wolf" and "Triumphal March" use the lush imagery of the Parnassians, by 1905 he had embraced the future of his continent in Songs of Life and Hope. Other works from this period include his diatribe against the seizure of the Panama Canal, "To Roosevelt," and a Song for Argentina which is based on this Nicaraguan's time working in Buenos Aires as a reporter.  FTP, name this writer of Prosas Profanas, an author whose 1888 collection Azul is a landmark of Modernismo.;;(Ruben) Dario
;;He depicted the formation of the British naval profession as institutionalized through the conflict between sailors and soldiers in The Genesis of the Naval Profession. He described how the division of labor affected people's need for risky pastimes in a work written with Eric Dunning, The Quest for Excitement. He expounded on the ways in which evolving networks of interdependent individuals influence and are influenced by social processes, an idea that became known as "figurational sociology." In his best known work he claimed that in Europe, injunctions against violence influenced the adoption of table manners. FTP, name this sociologist best known for The Civilizing Process.;;(Norbert) Elias
;;It was interrupted by a weekend visit to New York City which was objected to by Leo Pasvolsky, who feared that the trip would be seen as frivolous.  The proposals it set forth represented an advance on the Four-Nation Declaration which had been signed the previous October in Moscow.  Great Britain was represented by Sir Alexander Cadogan, while Andrei Gromyko represented the Soviet Union.  It also included representatives from China, and saw spirited debate over whether France should have a seat on the Security Council.  FTP, name this conference which was held in 1944 at a mansion in Washington, D.C., at which the groundwork for the United Nations was laid out.;;Dumbarton Oaks (Conference)
;;This equation plays a role in the debate on climate change because its solution predicts exponential behavior of saturation of water vapor pressure as a function of temperature.  A modification of it uses a restricted temperature range and a three-parameter fit with Antione coefficients.  It is derived from the Gibbs-Duhem relation of chemical potential, and equates the slope of the phase coexistence curve to latent heat, temperature and change in volume.  FTP, identify this equation that characterizes the phase transition between two states of matter, which is named after its two discoverers.;;Clausius(-)Clapeyron (equation)
;;One Greek figure of this name was the son of Telephassa and Agenor and, according to some legends, was the father of Adonis. Another figure of this name was banished by his father Amyntor after seducing his father's favorite mistress; he also accompanied Ajax and Odysseus in order to offer Briseis to Achilles. In Jewish tales, this name identifies the only animal not to be banished from the Garden of Eden with Adam. According to Egyptian myth it had a melodious cry, was colored scarlet and gold, and lived no less than 500 years.  FTP, give this name associated with a mythical bird that immolates itself and is then reborn from its ashes.;;Phoenix
;;This artist, a 2004 inductee into the Casino Legends Hall of Fame, won a Grammy award in 1985 for a duet with Luis Miguel, "Me gustas tal como eres," which appeared on her only Spanish-language album.  She also collaborated on "Arms of Orion" for the Batman soundtrack, and appeared in Indecent Proposal, performing "The Nearness of You."  Noted for singing the theme song to For Your Eyes Only while on-screen, she may be better known for her collaboration with Prince, "U Got the Look," and for a cover of "We Got Tonight" with Kenny Rogers.  FTP, name this adult contemporary singer, also known for "Modern Girl" and the working girl's anthem "Morning Train (Nine to Five).".;;(Sheena) Easton
;;Sabine Baring-Gould suggests that her story has been merged with that of a Teutonic moon goddess who sailed up and down the Rhine.  In the fourth century AD, the Roman senator Clematius was said to have visions which led him to build a basilica on the site of her death.  She was the daughter of King Dionotus, and may have been killed after refusing to marry a chieftain of the Huns.  Lebiniz used the term "Ximillia" to refer to her numerous companions. Often portrayed as a princess wielding an arrow, FTP, name this patron saint of the British Virgin Islands, the city of Cologne, and teachers, best known for being martyred with eleven or eleven thousand virgins.;;(Saint) Ursula
;;While he was in prison for mocking a monarch's visit to Palestine he wrote the story "Mine-Haha: The Corporal Education of Young Girls."  That stint in prison resulted from his work editing the satirical journal Simplicissimus, an experience which inspired his Oaha, the Satire of Satire.  He wrote about a swindler who pretends to be the title nobleman in The Marquis of Keith, while a young girl is killed by taking abortion pills in his first major play, 1891's Spring Awakening.  FTP, name this German author of Earth Spirit and Pandora's Box, whieh was adapted by Alban Berg into the opera Lulu.;;(Benjamin) (Franklin) (Frank) Wedekind
;;The Spanish failed to recapture it in the Battle of Rio Nuevo, and in 1670 it officially changed hands via the Treaty of Madrid.  In the late 18th century, escaped slaves led by Queen Nanny and Cudjoe fought two Maroon Wars against its possessors.  In 1865, an arrest made for trespassing on abandoned property resulted in the Morant Bay Rebellion, and a namesake "commission" was formed in response to governor Edward Eyre's overreaction.  The participants in that uprising were emancipated in 1838, seven years after a general strike planned by Baptist minister Samuel Sharpe got violent on Christmas Day.  FTP, name this Caribbean nation, once ruled by the British from Spanish Town, but which now has its capital at Kingston.;;Jamaica
;;With Finkelstein, the coordinates of the world line of a freely falling photon are named for this man. His namesake limit is violated by eta-Carina and some novae; that limit gives the luminosity at which radiation pressure is exactly counteracted by gravity and above which he claimed stars would blow themselves apart.   He is also the namesake, with Zhevakhin, of a model for variable stars, and this author of Expanding Universe and The Internal Constitution of Stars argued in a 1920 address that the sun produced energy via helium fusion.  However, he may be most famous for the results of his 1919 trip to Principe island.  FTP, name this scientist whose observations of a solar eclipse helped confirm Einstein's theory of relativity.;;(Arthur) (Stanley) Eddington
;;Most of this nation is divided into the five welayatlar, which are subdivided into cities and etraplar. The most populous of its provinces is the Mary Province, which is mostly covered by desert, but is also home to an ancient capital city and irrigated by the Karakum Canal.  In the north lies the Dasoguz region, while the westernmost Balkan Province is home to Central Asia's only port, a city formerly named Krasnovodsk, but currently bearing the name of a former despot.  FTP, name this nation, which recently installed Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov to replace Saparmurat Niyazov as its leader in the capital of Ashgabat.;;Turkmenistan
;;This work's third section considers Schiller's conception of the "naive" and the wisdom imparted by Silenus to King Midas.  In a dispute which followed its publication, the author's friend Ernst Rohde came to his defense, while a pamphlet attacking it was published by Ulrich Wilamowitz-Moellendorff.  Its author laments that he failed to see that he was grappling with the problem of "science itself" in the opening "Attempt at a Self-Criticism" which he attached to it in 1886.  The book takes a turn in section 16, when it shifts from a focus on Socrates and starts talking about modern opera, especially that of Richard Wagner.  FTP, name this work which posits a distinction between the Apollinian and Dionysian, the first book by Friedrich Nietzsche.;;(The) Birth of Tragedy|(Die) Geburt der Tragodie
;;He lamented how "thy poor head almost turns" because "so many books thou readest" in his "The Second Best," while he asserted "How fair a lot to fill / Is left to each man still" at the end of his "A Summer Night."  He felt a "nameless sadness" roll over him because "Light flows our war of mocking words" in his "The Buried Life," while he wrote about a "grave Tyrian trader" who sees the "merry Grecian coaster come" and decides to depart to where "the Atlantic raves / Outside the western straits" at the end of a poem inspired by Joseph Glanvill's The Vanity of Dogmatizing.  Pausanias and Callicles appear in his "dramatic poem" about a suicidal philosopher, Empedocles on Etna.  FTP, name this British poet of "The Scholar-Gypsy" and "Dover Beach.".;;(Matthew) Arnold
;;In Act Two, the lead coloratura soprano exclaims "We'll teach these motherfuckers how to dance!"  A highlight of this opera comes when that character identifies herself in a previous aria.  With a libretto by Alice Goodman, its opening act includes comments about time spent in Hawaii which may have been taken directly from a news transcript.  The title character introduces himself by exclaiming that "News has a kind of mystery."  Featuring "The People Are The Heroes Now," "The Three Main Rules of Discipline and Eight Points of Attention" and the "Landing of the Spirit of '76," FTP, name this opera whose characters include Henry Kissinger, Mao Zedong, and the title president, a work by John Adams.;;Nixon in China
;;In this novel, August Hempel offers a once-wealthy Chicago woman a teaching position in New Holland in the Illinois countryside. There she tutors a young boy named Roelf, who later falls in love with Dallas O'Mara. Eventually the woman ends up marrying Pervus, the owner of an asparagus farm. When he dies, she takes over the business and ekes out a life for herself and her son, who goes on to become a successful yet unfulfilled architect. The odd title of this 1924 work refers to Selina's description of the size of her son, Dirk. FTP, name this Pulitzer Prize-winning novel about the De Jong family, a work by Edna Ferber.;;So Big
;;One of its signers believed her son was involved in a plot to murder John the Fearless, the former duke of Burgundy, and that he would not live long enough to rule because five sons before him had all died.  Though Philip the Good signed it, entering into an alliance with England, he was also party to the Congress of Arras, whose decisions nullified it.  It was only effective for two years, as two of the rulers involved suddenly died.  Clerics claimed it was illegal, citing Salic law, and Charles VII denounced it, leading the Armagnacs back into war.  FTP, name this 1420 treaty which attempted to end the Hundred Years' War, and established Henry V as the heir to the French throne.;;(Treaty) (of) Troyes